LA CHN HP L H S AN TON S DNG TRONG TNH TON

SC CHU TI CA CC
CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE SAFETY-FACTORS USED FOR
BEARING-CAPACITY OF PILE CALCULATION
L Th Bch Thy, Vn nh Minh Ngc
B Mn Cu ng, Khoa Xy Dng, Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh.
BN TM TT
Bi bo phn tch c ch truyn ti trng dc trc ca cc vo t nn qua s pht trin ma st hng v
sc khng mi theo chuyn v cc, t ngh s dng gi tr h s an ton FSs, FSp v FS hp l
trong tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc
ABSTRACT
This paper analyses the load-transfer mechanism of pile to foundation through skin-friction and endbearing which depend on settlement of pile. Thereby, it suggests appropriate value of safty-factors
used for bearing-capacity of pile calculation.
1. T VN

2.1.Tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc theo cc h

s an ton

C ch truyn ti trng ca cc vo t nn
thng qua ma st hng xung quanh cc v sc
khng mi mi cc. S hnh thnh v pht
trin sc chu ti ca cc do ma st v sc khng
mi ph thuc vo s dch chuyn tng i
gia cc v t nn v c khuynh hng pht
trin khc nhau. Thnh phn ma st hng pht
trin rt sm v t n gi tr cc hn khi cc
c chuyn v nh, trong khi thnh phn chu
mi ch pht trin v t n gi tr cc hn khi
cc c chuyn v kh ln. Do , khng c s
pht trin ti a sc khng hng v sc khng
mi ca cc xy ra ng thi m c s phn
phi ti trng cho thnh phn ma st v thnh
phn chu mi. Nh vy, vic cng hai thnh
phn ma st hng cc hn v sc khng mi cc
hn thnh sc chu ti cc hn ca cc l khng
thc hp l do vy c khuynh hng iu chnh
sai s ny bng cch s dng h s an ton cho
ma st FSs, h s an ton cho sc khng mi FSp
v h s an ton chung FS.

Sc chu ti cc hn ca cc Qu(KN) bao

gm ma st hng cc hn Qsu(KN) v sc khng
mi cc hn Qpu(KN):
Qu = Qsu + Qpu = As fsu + Ap qpu

(1)

Trong :
As: din tch xung quanh cc tip xc vi t
(m2).
Ap: din tch mi cc (m2)
fsu : ma st hng n v cc hn (KN/m2)
qu : sc khng mi n v cc hn (KN/m2)
Sc chu ti cho php ca cc Qa :

Qa =

Q pu
Qsu
+
FS u FS p

(2)

Qu
FS

(3)

Hoc :

Qa =

2. C S L THUYT

Gi tr FSs, FSp v FS thng chn t 2 n 3

728

Nhiu tc gi nghin cu mi quan h

gia sc khng hng, sc khng mi theo
chuyn v ca cc nh Heydinger (1986),
Mosher (1984), Briaud v Tucker (1984), t
bit Resse v ONeill (1988) thit lp mi
quan h phi tuyn gia sc khng hng n v
v chuyn v cc (quan h f-w), quan h phi
tuyn gia sc khng mi n v v chuyn v
cc (quan h q-w) cho t dnh v t khng
dnh.

2.2.Tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc theo

chuyn v cho php
2.2.1 C ch truyn ti trng dc trc
Khi cc chu ti trng tc dng P, tng dn
ti trng, nu ln tng i gia cc so vi
ln ca t m ln hn th cc c xu hng
i xung, xung quanh cc xut hin cc lc
chng trt gi l ma st hng, khi cc ln n
mt gi tr no th ma st hng t gi tr cc
hn. C ch ny gi l s hnh thnh v pht
trin thnh phn ma st, sau khi hnh thnh lc
ma st cc c sc chu ti do ma st gi l sc
khng hng. Song song , thnh phn mi cc
bt u chu lc gi l sc khng mi, khi cc
ln n mt gi tr no vng t mi cc
dn dn t n trng thi cn bng gii hn v
sc khng mi t n gi tr cc hn, nu tip
tc tng P th t mi cc b ph hoi, c ch
ny gi l s hnh thnh v pht trin sc khng
mi v cc c sc chu ti mi cc (Hnh 1)

2.2.2.1 Biu quan h f - w

T s : f / fsu

Resse v ONeill (1988) thit lp mi

quan h gia sc khng hng v chuyn v cc
(quan h f-w) nh sau :
Trng hp cc trong t dnh :

T s: w/ D (%)

Hnh 2 : Biu quan h f-w cho t dnh

Trong :
w : chuyn v cc (m)
D : ng knh cc(m)
Trng hp cc trong t khng dnh :

T s : f / fsu

Hnh 1: C ch truyn ti trng

ca cc vo t nn
Nh vy, s hnh thnh v pht trin ca thnh
phn ma st hng v sc khng mi u ph
thuc vo s dch chuyn ca cc. Hay ni cch
khc th sc chu ti cu cc ph thuc vo
ln ca cc. V vy, bi ton tnh ton sc chu
ti ca cc cn ph thuc vo chuyn v cho
php ca cc.

T s: w/ D (%)

2.2.2 Quan h gia sc khng hng, sc

khng mi theo chuyn v cc

Hnh 3 : Biu quan h f-w t khng dnh

729

2.2.3 Tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc t cc

quan h f-w v q-w

2.2.2.2 Biu quan h q - w

Resse v ONeill (1988) thit lp mi
quan h gia sc khng mi v chuyn v cc
(quan h q-w) nh sau :

- Bc 1 : Tnh ton sc khng hng cc hn

Qsu v sc khng mi cc hn Qpu theo (1)
- Bc 2 : Lp mi quan h gia sc khng
hng v sc khng mi theo chuyn v ca cc
bng cch s dng cc biu t hnh 2 n
hnh 5.
- Bc 3 :Tng cng sc khng hng v sc
khng mi theo tng chuyn v cc tng ng
s c mi quan h gia sc chu ti cc theo
chuyn v .
Tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc nh trnh
by theo cc bc trn, s xc nh c r
rng tng thnh phn chu ti ca cc cng nh
sc chu ti thc ca cc.

T s : qp / qpu

Trng hp cc trong t dnh :

2.3.Chn sc chu ti cho php ca cc

Sc chu ti cho php ca cc c chn l
gi tr nh hn trong hai gi tr sau :
- Gi tr sc chu ti cho php ng vi h s an
ton FSs, FSp v FS theo cng thc (2) hoc
(3)
- Gi tr sc chu ti cho php ng vi chuyn
v cho php.

T s: w/ D (%)

Hnh 4: Biu quan h q-w cho t dnh

Trng hp cc trong t khng dnh :

2.4. La chn h s an ton hp l

T s : qp / qpu

Nh phn tch, sc khng hng v sc

khng mi ca cc c gi tr bin thin ph
thuc vo chuyn v ca cc, sc khng hng
t n gi tr cc hn ng vi mt chuyn v c
th no v sc khng mi ca cc t n gi
tr cc hn mt chuyn v c th khc. Do ,
c th xc nh gi tr cc h s an ton ca cc
nh sau :

FS s =
FS p =
T s: w/ D (%)

FS =
Hnh 5:Biu quan h q-w t khng dnh

Qsu
Qs (w)
Q pu
Q p (w)

Qu
Qt (w)

Qt ( w) = Qs ( w) + Q p ( w)

730

(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

- Hay, ng vi ln cho php ca cc l

Trong :
- Qs(w) : sc khng hng ca cc ng vi
chuyn v w (KN)
- Qp(w) : sc khng mi ca cc ng vi
chuyn v w (KN)
- Qt(w) : sc chu ti ca cc tng ng vi
chuyn v w (KN)

2.54 cm, ti trng cho php tng ng l

9030 KN > 5000 KN
Kt lun : Cc kh nng chu ti
Bng 2- Bng tnh h s an ton FSs, FSp v FS
theo chuyn v cc
w
cm
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.9
7.7
8.5
9.2

3.V D MINH HO
Cc khoan nhi B tng ct thp di L =
25m, ng knh D = 0.8m chu lc thng ng
tc dng u cc P = 5000 KN, cc c thi
cng bng phng php to l trong nn ct cht
c cc c trng c l nh sau : Ch s xuyn
SPT = 18, gc ma st trong = 36o, lc dnh c =
0 KN/m2, dung trng ring = 19KN/m3. Tnh
ton sc chu ti cc, thng qua la chn h
s an ton hp l, chuyn v cho php u cc l
2.54cm
3.1 Kt qu tnh ton

Qs
(KN)
4550
6668
6947
6748
6511
6446
6378
6310
6237
6176
6018
5898
5778
5660
5544

Qp
(KN)
210
640
1255
1885
2492
3007
3432
3782
4096
4320
4786
5057
5215
5193
4959

Qt
(KN)
4760
7308
8202
8633
9003
9453
9810
10092
10333
10496
10804
10955
10993
10853
10503

FSs

FSp

FS

1.53
1.04
1.00
1.03
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.16
1.18
1.20
1.23
1.25

24.83
8.15
4.16
2.77
2.09
1.73
1.52
1.38
1.27
1.21
1.09
1.03
1.00
1.00
1.05

2.56
1.67
1.48
1.41
1.35
1.29
1.24
1.21
1.18
1.16
1.13
1.11
1.11
1.12
1.16

3.2 Nhn xt

- T Hnh 6 nhn thy, sc khng hng hnh

thnh v pht trin sm v huy ng hon

ton Qsu = 6947KN ng vi chuyn v nh
(1.5cm), trong khi sc khng mi pht
trin chm v huy ng hon ton Qpu =
5215 KN ng vi chuyn v kh ln (7.7
cm).
- Nu chn sc chu ti ca cc l Qt = 8202
KN ng vi ln 1.5cm th thnh phn ma
st huy ng hon ton Qsu = 6947KN (FSs
= 1.0) trong khi thnh phn chu mi ch
t Qp =1255 KN chim khong 24% (FSp =
4.16) sc khng mi cc hn Qpu = 5215
KN. ng vi gi tr ny th h s an ton FS
= 1.48
- Tng t nh vy, ng vi mi ln khc
nhau th thnh phn ma st hng v thnh
phn sc khng mi c gi tr khc nhau,
sc chu ti cc hn ca cc bng tng sc
khng hng cc v hn sc khng mi cc
hn l khng hp l, iu chnh sai s ny
bng cch s dng cc h s an ton, FSs c
gi tr t 1.0 n 1.53, FSp c gi tr bin
ng t 1.0 n 24.83, gi tr FS kh n
nh c gi tr t 1.1 n 2.56 (Bng 2).

Chuyn v cc w (cm)

Hnh 6.Quan h gia cc thnh phn chu

ti ca cc theo chuyn v w
Bng 1- Bng tnh sc chu ti cc theo h s an
ton
Qpu
KN

Qsu
KN

Qu
KN

FSp

FSs

FS

Qa
KN

Kt
lun

5215

6947

12162

2.33

5212

OK

Tnh ton sc chu ti cc theo chuyn v

cho php :
- ng vi ti trng P = 5000 KN cc s
chuyn v 0.57 cm < 2.54 cm.

731

- Vic chn h s an ton FSs =2 v FSp = 3

cho php ca cc kh ln th FSp chn t 1,0

n 3.0, gi tr FS t 1.10 n 2.50 (gi tr
FS t bin ng v kh tin cy).
- Chn sc chu ti ca cc cn ph thuc vo
chuyn v cho php ca cc, iu ny cha
c thc hin trong tnh ton thit k mang
tnh d on trc khi th nghim nn tnh
cc ngoi hin trng.

dn n gi tr sc chu ti cho php ca cc

Qa = 5212KN c gi tr rt nh so vi sc
chu ti thc t ca cc Qt = 10993 KN. So
snh vi h s an ton v chuyn v (Bng
3), r rng vi vic la chn nh vy cha
tn dng ht sc chu ti ca cc, bi ton
kh an ton.

Bng 3. Bng so snh Qa, Qt, ln w tng

ng v cc h s an ton
Sc chu ti
ca cc
(KN)
Qa
5212
Qt
10993

w(cm)
tng
ng
0.8
7.7

FSs

FSp

FS

1.04
1.20

8.15
1.00

1.67
1.11

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Chu Ngc n, Nn Mng, Nh Xut Bn
HQG Tp. HCM, 2002
2. Donald P.Coduto, PE,GE, Foundation Design
- Principles and Practise , Prentice Hall, 1994
3. TCVN 205 1998, Ch dn thit k mng
cc, 1998.
4. Vn nh Minh Ngc, Nghin Cu Tnh Ton
Cc n Xt n Yu T Phi Tuyn Vt Liu &
t Nn, Lun Vn Thc S, Trng i Hc
Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh, 2005.
5. M.J.Tomlinson, Pile Design and Construction
Practice, 4th Edition E & FN Spon, 1994.
6. Shamsher Prakash, Hari D. Sharma, Mng
Cc Trong Thc T Xy Dng,NXB Xy Dng,
1999.

4. KT LUN

- Vic chn h s an ton FSs, FSp v FS c

gi tr t 1.5 n 3 (th hin trong cc quy

phm thit k) dn n gi tr sc chu ti
cho php ca cc c gi tr rt nh so vi
sc chu ti thc t ca cc, nh vy kh
thin v an ton v cha tn dng ht sc
chu ti ca cc.
- tn dng ht sc chu ti ca cc, gi tr
FSs chn t 1.0 n 2.0, gi tr FSp bin
ng kh ln v trong trng hp chuyn v

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