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WCDMA RNO Paging Problem Analysis Guidance-20041101-A-1.0
WCDMA RNO Paging Problem Analysis Guidance-20041101-A-1.0
WCDMA RNP
Product version
V100R001
Confidentiality level
For internal use only
Total 29 pages
Prepared by:
Reviewed by:
Reviewed by:
Approved by:
URNP -SANA
Date:
Date:
Date:
Date:
2003-12-27
Revision Record
Date
2003-12-27
Revision
version
1.00
2004-07-09
Description
Initial transmittal
Confidential
Author
Jiao Anqiang
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Table of Contents
1 Overview .................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Paging Problem Analysis Process .............................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Problem Analysis Flow ......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Network Information Collection ......................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Traffic Statistics ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2 Alarm ............................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2.3 Subscriber Complaints .................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.4 History Record of Network Planning Optimization ..................................................................... 14
2.2.5 Radio Parameter Configuration .................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Determining Optimization Goal .......................................................................................................... 15
2.4 Locating Paging Problems .................................................................................................................. 15
2.4.1 Determining Basic Location Direction ......................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 Direct Causes of Paging Loss ....................................................................................................... 16
2.4.3 Further Analysis on Paging Loss Cause ....................................................................................... 17
2.4.4 Other Cause Analysis.................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Paging Problems Optimization............................................................................................................ 17
2.6 Optimization Verification ................................................................................................................... 17
3 Typical Paging Problem Analysis ............................................................................................................ 18
3.1 Too Large Paging Area Planned ......................................................................................................... 18
3.1.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 18
3.1.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 19
3.2 Improper Setting of CN Paging retransmission Times and Interval ................................................... 19
3.2.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 19
3.2.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 20
3.3 Improper Setting of UTRAN Paging Retransmission Times and Interval .......................................... 21
3.3.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.3.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 21
3.4 CN Adopts Whole-Network Paging .................................................................................................... 21
3.4.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.4.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 21
3.5 Improper Setting of DRX Paging Cycle Coefficient ........................................................................... 22
3.5.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 22
3.5.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 23
3.6 Improper setting of Np value ............................................................................................................... 23
3.6.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 23
3.6.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 24
3.7 UE Identifier Utilized by CN Paging .................................................................................................. 24
3.7.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 24
3.7.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 25
3.8 UTRAN Should Activate IMSI ATTACH and DETACH Functions ................................................. 25
3.8.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 25
3.8.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 26
3.9 Too Low Power allocation of Paging Channels .................................................................................. 26
3.9.1 Problem Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 26
3.9.2 Optimization Measures ................................................................................................................. 26
3.10 Existence of Coverage Dead Zones .............................................................................................. 27
3.10.1 Problem Analysis ................................................................................................................... 27
3.10.2 Optimization Measures........................................................................................................... 27
3.11 UE Performance Problems............................................................................................................ 27
3.11.1 Problem Analysis ................................................................................................................... 27
3.11.2 Optimization Measures........................................................................................................... 27
4 Outstanding Problems .............................................................................................................................. 27
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List of Figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
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List of Tables
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
1
2
3
4
5
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Full spelling
DRX
Discontinuous Reception
LA
Location Area
PCH
Paging Channel
PI
Paging Indication
PICH
RA
Route Area
RAN
RNC
RNO
WCDMA
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1 Overview
If it is necessary for network side to contact with UE which is in idle mode or in
CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, a paging flow will be initiated. Paging is an
important way for network to contact with UE. Compared with other flows, the paging
flow has the characteristics of high frequency, heavy traffic and strong outburst in
radio network. Paging performance is closely related to the performances of the
whole radio network. Therefore, the study of paging problems is of practical
significance for radio network performances.
From the aspect that UE receives paging messages, paging messages consist
of PAGING TYPE1 and PAGING TYPE2. Which type of paging messages will be
sent to UE is decided by UTRAN. PAGING TYPE1 is used to page UEs in IDLE,
CELL_PCH and URA_PCH states through PCCH logical channel. PAGING TYPE2
is used to page UEs in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH states through DCCH. This
document mainly discusses PAGING TYPE1, while PAGING TYPE2 can be
regarded as the common RRC signaling to process and will not be discussed in this
document.
Paging will be initiated on network side in the following cases:
When UE is called: In order to set up a call, the core network (CN) sends
paging message to UTRAN through Iu interface, and UTRAN sends the
paging message from CN to UE through the paging process at Uu interface,
which will have UE initiate a signaling connection setup process with CN.
Cell system message update: When system messages change, UTRAN will
trigger paging process in order to inform UE in idle, CELL_PCH and
URA_PCH state to carry out the system message update. Therefore, UE
can read the updated system message. For UE in CELL_FACH state, in
order to inform it to carry out corresponding system update, it is necessary
to send SYSTEM INFORMATION CHANGE INDICATION message to it
through BCCH (V1.2 version does not support the message, so UE in
CELL_FACH state will not be processed).
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after receiving the paging message, and delivers the paging message at the air
interface upon the paging time. If CN receives the paging response message from
UE, the UE paging is successful. The whole process includes paging delivery and
UE access. For UE access, refer to Access Process Guidance. There are probably
various problems in the paging process, which will cause that the target UE cannot
receive the paging message properly. For instance, during short messages
multi-casting and full-text paging in network, unreasonable paging strategies will
result in paging channel congestion, so large amount of messages will be lost, in
more serious case, the system will be caused over-loaded for long time and the
paging channel power allocation is too low, which will lead to low paging success
rate. This document will make a further discussion on these problems leading to
paging abnormality and present corresponding solutions.
NSS
UE AS
UE NAS
paging
RR_PAING_IND
MSC
paging
RANAP
RANAP
(PAGING RESPONSE)
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
RR_SECURITY_CONTROL_REQ
(IK CK)
Figure 1
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Optimization verification
NO
Optimization goal achieved?
YES
END
Figure 2
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Name
CN_PAGE_REQ
CN_PAGE_IDLE_UE_REQ
CN_PAGE_IDLE_UE_SUCC
UTRAN_PAGE1_REQ
UTRAN_PAGE1_SUCC
Description
Count paging times at
IU interface
Count paging times at
IU interface of idle
subscribers
Count paging
success times of idle
subscribers
Count times of initiating
PAGING TYPE 1
initiated from UTRAN
side
Count
PAGING
TYPE 1 message
initiated from UTRAN
side and the times of
UE success receive
response received
CN_PAGE_IDLE_UE_SUCC_
RATE
UTRAN_PAGE1_SUCC_RAT
E
The relevant traffic statistics of UMSC paging are all based on a location area,
as shown in Table 1. Generally, the location area will not be configured cross RNC
and BSC, so we can carry out statistics on the paging success rate, the first paging
success rate and non-first paging success rate of a location area. The location area
paging success rate focuses on the paging status of a location area, not on paging
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repeat times, while first paging success rate and non-first paging success rate focus
on the influence of paging repeat times on paging success rate.
Table 1
Name
Description
The first sending times of
Paging Req by MSC
Successfully receiving
response times after the first
sending of Paging message
by MSC
The non-first paging times of
MSC
Successfully receiving
response times after the
non-first sending of Paging
message by MSC
The first sending Paging
times of Iu interface
Lu interface paging
repeat times
Delivery paging
no-response times
The relevant traffic statistics indexes of SGSN paging are all based on a RA, as
shown in Table 2, the paging success rate of a certain RA can be obtained.
RAPagingSuccessRate
RAGroupPaging Re quesTimesRAGroupPagingFailureTimes
RAGroupPaging Re questTimes
Table 2
Name
Group paging request
times of each RA
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Description
It provides delivery group
paging request times in the
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performance.
The
RNC
paging
traffic
statistics
2.2.2 Alarm
Based on the current realization in our company, CN is only RNC overload
alarm related to paging, alarm occurs when CN receives the overload message of
RNC. In order to guarantee the system operation stability and avoid the strike on
system by outburst messages, RNC flow-controls the paging-included message with
high processing frequency. When RNC receives paging messages from CN, the
judging system will discard the paging message and record the quantity of paging
message loss if it is in paging flow control state. If the loss proportion has reached a
certain threshold, RNC will send Overload message to CN, then CN will reduce the
message flow by certain step. If CN has not received Overload message within a
certain period, the message flow of IU will increase gradually till it get normal.
The paging-related alarm of RNC is the flow control alarm. When RNC is in
paging flow control state, the paging message will be lost unconditionally. When the
CPU occupation or the message packet occupation of a board sub-system exceeds
the threshold, the system will be switched into the flow control state, and the flow
control alarm will occur. When the system returns to normal operation state from the
flow control state, the flow control recovery alarm will occur. However, it is not
absolute that paging will be lost when flow control alarm occurs, because RNC
owns different flow control thresholds for different flow control objects (paging, serial
port printing and message tracing), as long as there is flow control, alarm will occur;
but paging loss will occur only when paging loss occurs.
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Time
Name
(complainer)
UE No.
(complainer)
UE No.
(the
called)
UE
type
(the
called)
Place
Whether
it is
often
Description
Sort out complaint information, seek for rules and observe whether the
information belongs to the following cases:
Whether complaints occurs when paging is busy in the daytime and idle at
night; if paging failure occurs at the peak traffic, paging congestion analysis
should be emphasized on; if not at the peak traffic, other factors should be
analyzed.
Whether types of the called UE are the same. Problems probably exist in
UE itself.
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Paging message has been delivered, but UE does not receive the message
or receives the wrong message. According to the specific subscriber
complaints, if problems exist on called UE only (prompt tone the subscriber
you dialed is out of service), because the reason is probably that the power
allocation of PICH and PCH is too low or there are problems with UE
performance; if problems exist in calling and called UE, the reason is
probably that signal coverage dead zones exist in the area.
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2.
PCH capacity restriction; Based on the current PCH coding mode, one
TTI can only transmit 240bits. If IMSI paging is utilized, only three UEs
can be paged at the same paging period; and if TMSI and PTMSI
paging are utilized, only five UEs can be paged at the same paging
period 2. If the quantity of UEs paged at the same paging period
is
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UE performance problems
Traffic statistics: Check mainly whether location area paging success rate
and RA paging success rate achieve the optimization goal 86% specified
in advance;
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Dialing test: Test UE called success rate when traffic is at the peak and in
the place where subscriber complaint occurs. During dialing test, it is
unnecessary to through-connect UE, just listen to ring back tone and
prompt tone.
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The paging area maximum value is determined by the paging channel capacity.
For estimation methods of paging area capacity, please refer to2, for paging
mixture capacity in typical environments in2, please refer to Table 4:
Table 4
Erlang PerDRXCycleLengthInNRA
RA
LA
Mmix
3
1.738624042
0.002592996
133
133
1.741614489
0.003616996
95
190
1.74665366
0.004640996
74
222
1.744911078
0.005664996
61
244
1.745096566
0.006688996
51
255
1.745372494
0.007712996
44
264
1.745680526
0.008736996
39
273
1.745680526
0.009760996
35
280
1.746014764
0.010784996
32
288
10
1.746024614
0.011808996
29
290
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DRX paging cycle coefficient K determines the DRX cycle length, the larger
the value of K is, the longer the DRX cycle is. Meanwhile, UE power
consumption will be lower, however, the value of K makes UE paging cycle
longer. Namely, UE paging response time becomes longer. If K is set too
small, paging cycle will become smaller, and UE processing paging
overhead and power consumption will increase. In the protocol, the value is
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within the range of 2 ~12, the current value of our company is 8, and the
paging cycle is 2.56 seconds.
2.
According to the current coding mode of PCH, a TTI can transmit only 240
bits, if IMSI paging is utilized, only 3 UEs can be paged at the same paging
moment; if TMSI paging is utilized, only 5 can be paged at the same paging
moment. And if the number of UE paging at the same paging moment
exceeds the processing capacity of system, it will cause paging loss and
call loss. If K is set too small, the paging cycle will become shorter, the
probability of the same calculated UE paging moment will increase,
consequently, the probability of paging loss will increase.
3.
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Np
Where, PI = DRX index mod NP = (IMSI div 8192) mod NP, SFN refers to UE paging
moment.
Significance of Np in the actual network: IMSI is divided into Np groups by this
parameter, and all IMSIs in each group adopt the same PI. Influences of Np value on
network: If Np value is too small, the corresponding UE number in each group will be
larger. For each IMSI, if the probability that PI indication occurs increases, times that
IMSI is waken up will increase, which is no good in saving UE power. If Np value is
too large, the corresponding IMSI number in each group will be smaller. For each
IMSI, if the probability that PI indication occurs decreases, times that IMSI is waken
up will decrease. However, if Np is larger, the bit number of each PI will decrease
and PICH demodulation performance of UE will be required higher.
3.6.2
Optimization Measures
Np value is within the range of (18, 36, 72, 144), which should be determined
according to the current network subscriber quantity (subscriber traffic). Generally,
the value should be larger when subscribers are of large amount, and the value
should be smaller when there are fewer subscribers. In the actual network, the
intermediate 36 or 72 can be selected.
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When UE is in IDLE state, CN can only page five UEs at the same paging time
using TMSI or PTMSI;
When UE is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, no matter what paging identifier
CN uses, UTRAN transfers UE identifier to U-RNTI and pages, it can only page five
UEs at the same paging time2.
From analysis above, CN can increase PCH capacity using UE temporary
identifiers TMSI and PTMSI.
T3212
Spare
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ATT
octet 1
octet 2
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Figure 3
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Improve the power allocation between PICH and PCH properly. Check and
modify PICH power by using MML Command LST CHPWROFFSET and MOD
PICHPWROFFSET on RNC maintenance console, check and modify PCH power by
using Command LST SCCPCH and MOD SCCPCH.
3.10
3.11
UE Performance Problems
4 Outstanding Problems
Currently, there are mainly the following outstanding problems existing:
1. Relationship between paging retransmission times and interval of CN and
UTRAN is complicated. In case of PCH capacity, paging success rate and paging
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loss rate specified, it is necessary to make simulation analysis on how to work out
the best paging retransmission strategy.
2. The upper limit of location area division is closely related to the service model
and the traffic model of location area. Currently, the theoretical value can be worked
out by using paging area planning tool. Since 3G service model and traffic model are
very complicated, some problems still exist: how big is the difference between
preconditions of paging area planning tool and actual cases, how is the agreement
of the theoretical value and the actual value, which require further theoretical study
and experiences from the network optimization practices.
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List of references:
[1] 3GPP R1999 25_series, 2002/09
[2] Miao Jiashy, WCDMA RNP Paging Area Planning Guidance, 2003/03
[3] Chen Qi, Dong Yan, Zhou Xinjie, Zhi Bo, WCDMA RNP Network Optimization Method Soft
Subject Research Report, 2003/08
[4] Zhang Jiayi, WCDMA Paging Strategy Study, 2003/12
[5] Li Peng, Guidance that Subscribers Are out of Service, 2001/11
[6] Huawei GSM Paging Tackling Data, 2003/06
[7] Jiao Anqiang, WCDMA RNP Special Technologies Key Signaling Process Analysis
Paging
Process, 2003/11
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