Measurement of stress in borehole:

- Caliper, Images Log (Vertical and deviated wells)

- World Stress Map
- Acoustic: Dipole Sonic, sonic dipsersion... (Vertical and deviated wells)
- frac data: minifrac on wireline
Tensile Failure: hoop stress (around wellbore) Low Tensile strengt (generally <
10% of UCS)
The tensile failure is due to high wellbore pressure, Big difference between
principal stress.
Shear failure: between hoop stress and raial stress,
The shear failure is due to low wellbore pressure, big difference in stresses an
d low rock
strength (shale tight formation) --> it is like core experiment
caliper and images analysis: quality (A-E) assigned by world stress map criteria
.
Image logs give tighter range of breakout direction than Caliper.
Ultrasonic Image with 360 degree coverage --> very detailed analysis (automaticl
ly pickup,
breakout,key seat and fault slips).
acoustic near borehole depends on stress.
on elastic regime, VP and Vs is increasing with strain and then decreasing with
deformation.