N.C.

Mental Math
:
:
:* .3102


( ) .

:
.............................................................................

...............................................................................

...................................................

16 ...................................................................
18 .................................................................
19 .............................................................................
20 .............................................................................
) (10 )20 ................................................ (19
)22 .......................................................... (11
) (12 )23 ......................................... (19
.................................................

25

.....................................................................

29

 31 ...........................
34 ........................................
40 ....................................................................
45 .......................................................................
52 ....................................................................
)53 ............................................................ (5
54 .............................................................................
)54 ..................................................... (9
59 ........................................................................
) (5 ) (50 )60 ............................... (500
61 .............................................
65 ....................................
70 .......................................................................

 75 ..................................................................
77 .............................................................................
77 ...............................................................
) (10 )79 ............................................... (19
) (20 )80 ................................................ (30
) (30 )81 ............................................... (70
82 .................................................
85 ..........................................................................
) (10 )85 ........................................... (19
) (20 )87 .................................. (100
)90 ....................................... (100
92 .............................................................................
93 .....................................................................

:
? ? ? ?= 9

? ? ? ?= 6

? ? ? ?= )

? ? ? ?=

? ? ?= ) (8

? ? ?=

? ? ? ?=

? ? ? ?= )( 8

? ? ?= 6 8

? ? ?= ) (9

????????????????

!!!
...
!!!


3%
10% ,
, .
6

,
,

,
, ,
,
, ,

,
, .
,
,

, .


.






,

,
.

 :
:


,
, )(Abacus
" ) (Soroban " .
1 ) (Abacus " "Abax " " ,
) (Abacus

" "stylus ,

,
,
).(Abacus

:
"
".

) (Soroban
) ,(Abacus :
.(1) The Soroban Abacus Handbook (2005), David, Bernazzani 1

 ) ,(Abacus
) ( ,
) ( .

) (Soroban
) ( , ) ( .

 ) (Soroban ) (Abacus

,

.
)(Abacus

,

6 .

).(Soroban

).(Soroban

10

:
) (Soroban ) (Abacus


.

:

"
".

, :


.
Ganita Sutras "" ,

, Bharati
Krsna

Bharati Krsna
.
Bharati
.(4) The Long-Lost Secrets Of Mental Math, Kenneth, Williams 2

11

 ,
Bharati
Bharati .
Veda
,

, ,


,

,
.

:
"
Zero " ,

,



,

.

,

12

 ,
,..... "
" , ,

6
= 6

.6

" " ,


,
,
967

76

9 ,

, 6 9
6 , 7

6 7

6 7

9
:

13

, :
= 7978 7


, ) ( 7978
) ( 7 ,

" " ,

797

, , 97

=7

97 , 878 = 6

14

 6 6 87 , 8
, 8 8
8 8

.....
) (Soroban ) (Abacus

15

,
, ,
,
,
,
, ,
,
.







,


.
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
,

16


, .
,
,
.

,
,

,

, ,

,

,
.

,

,

,
, .
" "

,

17


,
.

:
. Veda
.


.
.

.
)(Soroban

).(Abacus

18

:
:
.
:
.0 ()
(. )
.3 .


,
.

19

 Multiplication
( ( 9:

.1 .
.2 .
.3 )

.
:
=
= ) .1
= 6) .2
=
) .3

(.

(.
(

)6

( . .

:
=
= 9 .1
= 8 .2
= 9 .3

6
6
6
9

= 8

(19), Speed Mathematic(2003),Bill,Handley

20

) ( , ) ( ,
:
(

:
)

=)

(.

(245), Speed Mathematic(2003),Bill,Handley

21

( :

.1 .
.2
.
.3 .
.4
.
:
=
.1 ) ( .
.2 )= 8

.
.3 ) (.
.4 ) .( 8
:
3

11

8 3

:
11

5 3

1 8 3

).(9

) . (7 8
5 , ).(13

22

( ) ( 9:

.1 ) ( , )

)( 9 ) (, ) ( .
.2 ) ( ) ( ,
) (, .
.3 ) ( ) ( ,
) ( , .
.4
) ( ) ( ,
, .
:
=
( ) .1 .
=

= 7 .3

.2

.4

(,

) (

.
= 8 .5
.6 )8 8

(.

23

 :
=
( ) .1 .
= 6 .2

.3

(,

6 .4

6 .5

.
) (
) ( .

).( 7 76

24

 ) (Reference number:
.1 )

( ) (Reference number

) (Reference number
.

.2 ) ( ) (.
( ) ( .

.3 )

) ( .
.4 ) ( ) ( ,
) ( ) (
.

.5 ) ( ) ( .
.6 )

, .

:
)

( ) ( 9

( ) ( 9 )

( )

( ) (Reference number
(

,
)
)

( )
()

( ) ,(Reference number

( .

(18), Speed Mathematic(2003),Bill,handley

25

:
-

( )

(The reference
) ( ) (

( , .

)) ,number

) (The reference number ( )

( ) (The reference number )

( )

(.

)()

( ....

) (The reference number )

)

(.

:
= 98

97

.1

97

.2

98

.3

)= 9

98

6 .4

=)

.5

= 9

6 :

)= 9
6

6=9

97
9

. 9

26

 :
98

97

:
8

:
98

27

 :
7
7

) (The reference number

( ....
()
)
96

9
6

888

88788

:
)

( ) ( 9

28

 :
) (.

) ( :

3072

1536

768

384

192

96

48

3 ,,,,,,,,,,,
6 12 24

,
. 4
.
:
79
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

) ( ) (6 ) ( ) (
).(6
) ( ) (8 ) (7 ) (
) (9 .
) (7 ) ( ) (9 ) ( ) (
( " ) (" ).
) (9 ) ( 8 ) ( ) (8 .
) ( ) (6 ) .(6 .(69 86) ,

, , ,
.

:




.

29

 ) ( , ),(8 ) (
) (8 .
10

4 22

8 2 2 2

30

.1 .
.2 " " ,

.
(

.3 )
.

.4 .
.5 )

, .
:
=
.1

.2

=) =
=

.3

.4

.5

=
6

=
6

(13),Vedic Math Genius(2003), Kenneth, Williams

31

 :
+
= 3 2

13
5 1

15

153
150

10

10

1532
:
+
6 2

56
4 8

24

16

10

296
240
10

2976

) ( , ) (,
( , ) ( ,

) (, )
)

( , :
(=)

:
=)
" "

32

:
)

( )

( )

( ) (

33

01

.
6

.1

.

,
......

.2
,

.
6
=

10

(16),Vedic Math Genius(2003), Kenneth, Williams

34

 .3


.
6
= )=7
.4

) =

.
6
6

= )= 6

) =

)= 6

.5 ( )
.
.6

(

)

( ) (

),



.
6
)= 8

)= 6

(6

35

 .7 ( )
.

.
6

7 6

8 8 9

8 9

:

,

.
6

:
)

36

 :
7
8 6

.1 :
7
8 6
7
=
) ( .
.2 :
7
8 6
(7
( )
)= 7
) ( 7 ) (9
) ( ) (7
(.
, 7) :
.3 :
7
8 6
( )(7 8
( )
)=8
7 ):

(.

.4 :
7
8 6
( )8
)=9
):

(
7

)6

(7

(.

37

 .5 :
7
8 6
(

( )
8) = 8
):

(
(.

)6
7

(7

.6
.
.7 :
7
8 6
6) (8
)= 6
6 ):

( )
)
(.
7

.8 :
7
8 6
)

(8
( )
= )6
6 ):

(
7

(.

.9 :
7
8 6
) (6
=)
):

(
6

(.

:
7
8 6
) ( ) (9
=
) ( .
(.
7
6
):

38

 ) :

89

( .

:
"
".

39

 :
,
,
:

)67

( ) ( :
) =

=7

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .

.4

,
.
:
9

67

)6

,( 67

:
.1 )6 = 7
.2 ) =

= 6
=

(.
(.

40

 .3 :
) =

.(7

.4
) =

=6

(.

.5
.

"
":"casting out nines" ,

11

, : )
)= 6

)
)= 6

77

( ,
7

,(7

( ,

:

) =

11

(9 .

.(21), Speed Mathematic(2003),Bill,handley

41

:
7 8

77
)

77

( ,

:
,(7 )(8

.1 = 9) :

.
.2 = 9) :

( ,

) ( .
.3 :
)= 6
.4 = 9) :
)= 6

.(8

=9

,(7

( , .

.5
.
:
6
7
967
)

,( 967

42

 .1 = 9):
)= 6

,(6

( .

.2 = 9):
) =

,(7

( .

.3 :
=

) =

.(6

.4 ,(7+2 = 9) :
) ,(9

) =

(6

.
.5

.6 :
7
6
6989 8

) ,) 6989 8 :
.1 = 9):

(7

)(9 ) (9
.
.2 = 9) :

(6

) (.
.3 :
)6 = 9

= 6

.(9

" ) (9 )"(9

43

 .4 = 9) :

,(6

, )8 = 9

(8

.
.5
.

:
" "Casting out nine's


)
)6

( 6 ) , (6

( , ) (6

,
.

44

 "Polynomial Multiplication" :
:

:
.
.
=
,
=
.....
.1

.2

.3
.4

"
" " "

.:
=
) ( ) ( ) (
( , ) (
) ( )
( , .... ) ( "
)
) (".
) (
:

) (
.

45

, ) (
=6
.1
) (6 ) (
) (.
.2 :

( ) ,(7
( )
)=7
) ( ) ( ) (
) (.
.3 :

(
( )
( )
)= 9
) ,( 9 ) (
) ( ) ( ) (.
.4 :

(
( )
( )
( )
=)
( , ) (
)
) ( ) (
) (.

46

 .5
:

(
( )
( )
=)
( , ) (
)
) ( ) (
) (.
.6 :

(
( )
)=9
) ,(9 ) (
) ( ) ( ) (.
.7 :

(
=)
) .(9 .
.8
9
)

.(6

47

 :
9
7


) (
7
:
:
9
7
, ) (
=
.1
) (6 ) (
) ( .
.2 :
9
7
(
( )
)=8
) ,(8 ) (
) ( ) ( ) (.
.3 :
9
7
=)

)7

( , ) (
)
) ( ) (
) (.

48

 .4 :
9
7
(
) (9
( )
=)
( )7
( , ) (
)
) ( ) (
) (.
.5 > :
9
7
(
) (9
( )
7) = 6
,(6 ) (
)
) ( ) (
) (.

.6 :
9
7
(
) (9 7) = 78
) ,(78 ) (
) ( ) (
) ( , .
.7 :
9
7
(9
=)
)

( , .

49

 .8 :
)

.
:

, ) (
=
.1
) ( ) (
) (.
.2 :

(
( )) (
=)
( , ) ( ) (
)
) ( ) (.
.3 :

(
( )) (
( )
= )) (
( , ) (
)
) ( ) ( ) (.

50

 .4
:

(
) (( )) (
=)
( , ) (
)
) ( ) (
) (.
.5 :

(
=) (
)
.6
)

( , .
(.

51

 :
) (x
.
:
:

:
.1
.2
.3

.4
.5

:
=9
:
=

:
9
=
:
=9

.

52

 ) ( :
) ( ) ( ( , )
,
.
, ) ( .
:
=
)69

) (68 )69
69
( ) .(68

( ) (68

53

 Division
):(9

03

.1 .
.2
.
.3
.
.4
) (9
).(9
"
".
:
= 9
) ) .1 .
.2
=
.3
=

.4

= 6

.(139),Speed Math For Kids(2005), Bill, Handley 12

54

 .5 :


.
(9 9 = ) , (6 ) (.

= 9) .6

.7 ) ( ) (6
.
6

) (.

= 9

:
1 2 2 1 3

(.

:
9
9

4 3

9
6
3 8

1
5

) (" . ) ( 9 )."(9

55

:
) ( ) (8 )
) ( )

( .

13

( ) ,(9 ) ( ) (

( , ) (9

) ( , )

( ) (9 ) (

) ( , )
)

( )

( ) (9 ) ( ) ( "

( ) ( ) (, ) (9

) ( )

( ) (9 ) (

) (.
)

( ) (9 ) ( ,

:
69

)
)

,(68 .

( ) (9 ) ( ,

13

56

 )6
)6

( )

(6 )

(6 ) (9 )

( " , )

(6 )

) (9)

( ) (9

6 )
( ) (6 )6

(6

,(6 )8

) (9 )
)8

,(6 ) ",(6
(6

)
) (9 )8

,(6 ) ,(6

(6 )

(6 )

(6

( ) ,(8

(6 )8

)
) (9 )

( , )

(6

(6 )(9

( , )

(6 )

(6

( ) (6 ) (

) (9 ) (6 ) (6
) (6 ) (9 ) (6 ) , (9
) "(9 " , ) (9
) (
" ) ,"(9 ) (.
:
6
6
6
6
+

68


) ( 8 ) (9 ) (
) (

57

 ) ( ) ,(6
) (6
.

58

 :


(
).
:
=
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

) ( ) (.
) (9 ) ,(8 )(8
) (.
) (
) ( , ) ( ).(6
) (6 ) (.
) .( 6

59

 ) (5 ) (50 ): ....(500
) (
.
) (:
) ( .
:
=

6 .1

.2 6 :
)

(:

) ( .
:
=

= 6 8 .1

.2 . 6 8 :
(:

) ( .
:
=
.1

.2 :

.
60

04

.1 ) (,
) (.
.2 ) ( ) (

.
.3 ) ( , ) ( ,
.
)

) (

( ).
.4 ) ( ,
.

679

= 6

.
.5 ) (


) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ,

) ( ,
) ( ) ( ,

) (
) ( .
)( 6 ) ( ) ( ,
)" ,( 7
( , ) ,(9
" , )6 = 8
) ( ....
14

.(33),Vedic Math Genius(2003), Kenneth, Williams

61

 .6 ) ( , ,
) (
) (.
:
=

679

=) (
=) (
.1 ) ( ) (
.2 ) ( 6 ) (( 6 = 6) ,
) (.
.3 , ) ,( 7
,(6
) ( 7 )
).(9
.4 ) ,(9 ) ((9 = ) ,
) (.
.5 , ) ,(19
( , ) (.
) ( 9 )
.6 ) ( , ) (( = ) ,
) (.
.7 , ) ( ,
( , ).(6
) ( )
.8 ) ,(6 ) ((6 = ) ,
) (.
.9 , ) ( ,
( , ).(17
) ( )
.10 ) ,( 7 ) ( ( 7 = ),
).(1
.11 , ) ( ,
( , ) (.
) ( )
.12 ) (
.(6
)

62

 :
2

) ( .

:
0 0

8 6

74

21

2
) ( ) ( ) (7 ) (7
) ( ) ( ) (
(7 ) (
)
,
) ( ) (
) (
.
6

66 0

28

21

62

) ( 8 ) (7
) (

63

 ) (
) ( ,
) (
.

:

)

( ,

) ( ) ( , ,
.

64

 :

.
:
.1
) ( , ) (.
.2 ) ( ) (
(
( )
)
) ( ) ( ,
.
.3 ) ( , ) ( ,
.
) (123 ) (12

.4 ( ).
.5 ) ,(a
.
67 6

=6

67

.6 ) (
,

) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ,

) ( ,
) ( ) ( ,

) (
) ( .
) (67 ) ( ) ,(7
) " ,(7
" , ) ,(3 6= 18
) ( , ) ( ....
65

 .7 ) ( , ,
) (
) ( .
:
=
.1
.2
.3

.4
.5
.6
.7
.8

67 6
=) (

) ( ) (,
= ) (.
(67
) (67 ) (= 6) ,
).(7
, ) ,(73
,(6
) (7 )
) (.
(
) ( , ) ( = ) ,
) (.
, ) ,( 6
( , ) (.
) ( 6 )
(
) ( , ) (= ) ,
) (.
, ) ,(12
( , ) ( .
) ( )
) (
) . (6

,
,
.

66

:



.
:
=
.1
.2
.3

.4
.5

.6
.7
.8

88

) ( ) ( ,
= ) (.
(6
) (6 ) (= ) ,
) ,(9 ) ( .
, ) ,(9
( ,
) (9 )
) .(8
,(8
) ,(8 ) (= 7) ,
) (.
, ) , ( 8
(7
) ( 8 )
) (.
(,
) ( , ) (= ) ,
) (.
, ) ,(8
( ) (.
) (8 )
) (
) .( 7
=) (

67

 :
8

64

44

82

)(a

:
3

28

38 12

!

.
:

:
8

87 71 73

47 61 0

68

 :
:
4

96

253

1457

2504 905 0

( ) ( ,
)
, ) ( ) ( ,
.

:

.

69

 "Algebraic Division" :
:
) ( ) ( ,
( ) ( :
)

:

.
.1
.2

.3

.4

) ( ,
.
) ( ) ( ) (
( ,
) ( )
) ( , ( . ) , ) (
) (
) ,( + + a ) (
.
) (
) ( ,
( , ) (" ,
)
" ,
.


.

70

8
.1
.2

.3
.4

3 = 3 .
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ,
", ) ( ) (,
) (
) (": ,
(
)
=

= ) (
) (.
)( 8
= 8

( ) = 8 :
) ( .
.( ) :

:
7
.1
.2

.3

.4
.5

, .
=
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ,
:
( 9) = 7

=
) .( 7
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) (, :
)
)( 7
(
=7

=
) (.
:
= ) ( 6 ) (.

=6
. ( ):
7

71

 :
7
.1
.2

.3
.4

.
=
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ,
) ( :
=) (
= ( ) 7

) (.
:
) (
=) (
) (.
=

.( ) :

) ( ) ( ,
( ) ( ) ( :
)

:

.
.
( ,

.1 )
.
.2 ) ( ) ( ) (
( ,
) ( )
) ( , ( . ) , ) (
) (
) ,( + + a ) (
.
.3 ) (
,

72

(,
) ( , )
) (" ,
" ,

) (
.
.4

, :
) (
.

:
8

6 6 = .1 .
.2 ) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ,
) ( :

) (
=) (
66=6
7= 6
).(6
.3 :
6

=)

.4 6

=8

)( 6

) (.

.(2) :

73

.1
.2

.3

.4
.5

=
) ( ) (2
) ( ) ,(1
:
=)
=) (
(
( ) ( ) = 7

) .( 7
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ,
) ( :
= )( 8
( 7) ( ) = 7 ) = 8
( 7
) (.
:
=) (
) (.
=) ( ) (
.( ) :
7

:
9
.1
.2

.3
.4

=
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ,
) ( :
=) (

=
= ( ) 9

).(2
:
(
)
=) (
) (.
=

.( ) :

74

 :

" ) ( "
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

.
.
.

.
.

8
) ,( ) :
)
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

=8

:
=
= :
=
= :
.

75

) , ( ):
7
)
.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

:
=
=
:
=) (
7
=
:
.

( ,( ) :
7
(
.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

=
7 :
)( 7
=
7
= :
( 7) = 9
7
= 9 :
.

76

 Squaring
:

05

.1 ) ( ) ( ,
" ".
.2 ( ) ()
.
:
= )

( ) .1 .
( , ) .(6
= 6) .2
:
= ) (6
.1 .
= (6 7 )
) .2

(.

:
= ) (7
( ) .1 .
, (7 8 = 6) .2 ) .( 6
15

.(76), Speed Mathematic(2003),Bill,handley

77

 :
) (
(
)
, :
(.
= )
:
(
)
=
:

( .

:
)

( ) ( .

78

( ) ( 9 :

.1 .
.2 .
.3
.
:
= )

= 6 .1
( ) = 9 .2
= 6 .3

69

=9

. 6

:
= )( 9
9
9 = 8 .1
( 9) = 8 .2
8
= 8 .3

= 8

. 8

).( 9

79

( )

( :

)
.1
.2
.3
.4

( ) ( 9

) ( ,
( .
)

) (.
.
) (
.

:
)

( ) ( 9 )

),(Reference number ) ( ) ( 9
( ) (
) ( ) =
.
:
= )
=
.1
= 8 .2
) = 6 .3

(
= 6
( 6= 6

8
6

:
= )( 7
.1
.2
.3
.4

= 7
= 68
=7 7
( 7) = 9
68 9 = 7 9
= 68

68

80

 )
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

( ) (7:

06

) ( , )
.
) ( .
(.
)
.
, .

:
(

= )

=
.1
= 7 .2
= 7
.3
= ) (
.4
= 7
.5

7
7

:
= )( 6
= 6
.1
=) (
.2
=
.3
( ) = 6 .4
=6
6 .5

16

.(78), Speed Mathematic(2003),Bill,handley

81

 )(Reference number

:
)
)

( ) (Reference number
( ) (Reference number

) (Reference number )

(.

) (.
.1 )

( ,

) ( .
.2 ) ( .
.3 .
.4 )

.
:
= )(97
.1
.2
.3
.4

97
=
97 ( ) = 9
( ) = 6
9
=9

6 =9

82

 :
9

)(97

9
6

6
:

:
)

6
6

6 6
.

83

 :
78

)( 89

7
:
)

97

97

84

 Cubing
( ) ( 9:

07

.1 ) (.
.2 :
) (
) (
) (

.
:
= )
7

9
6

9 7

:
(

= )

+
7

17

(76), Secret Of Mental Math(2006), Arther, Benjamin and Michael, Shermer

85

:
) ( ) (9
.
( ) =8

= )(6

( ) = 7

= )(7

( ) =6

= )(8

= ) (

(9) = 79

86

( :

()

08

.1 ) (b ) (.
.2 :

) (

) (
) ((

) (
)

) (

) ((

) (.

:
) ( ) ( 9
) (
) ( ) ,(9 .
:
(

= )

:
8

8
6
8

18

+
7

(76), Secret Of Mental Math(2006), Arther, Benjamin and Michael, Shermer

87

 :
= )

:
7

7
9
7

+
8

:
= ) (7
:
8

98
96

19

) ( ,
) ( , ) ( :
(
)
:
= )

(
()
: ) ( )
( ) ( .
)
19

88

 :
) (

) (
) ((

) (
)

) ((

) (

89

( :

31

.1 :
) ( )(8

) (8 ) (

) ( )(7

) (7 ) (

,
.
.2
) ( ) (
( ) ,
.
:
=7

79

.1 ) (7 ) (
.
.2 ) ,(79
, ) ( ,
.3 ) (.
:
= 7 6

.1 ) (
.
.2 ) ,( 7
, ) ( , ) (.

20

.(210), Secret Of Mental Math(2006), Arther, Benjamin and Michael, Shermer

90

 :
= 8

.1 ) (8 ) (
.
.2 ) ,( 7
, ) (7 ) .(7

91

:








.

92

:

.

(1999) .
.
Secret Of Mental Math
Published Three Rivers Press.

(2006)

by the authors Arther Benjamin and Michael Shermer.

Speed Mathematic
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

(2003)

by the author Bill Handley.

Vedic Math Genius
Published by Inspiration Books.

(2003)

by the author Kenneth Williams.

The Long-Lost Secrets Of Mental Math

Published by FunWithFigures.com.
by the author Kenneth Williams.

93

Speed Math For Kids

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

by the author Bill Handely.

94

(2005)