WRITING A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ARTICLE

VIT MT CNG TRNH KHOA HC

nh dng mt bi bo
Cc cng trinh nghin cu khoa hc l cng c giao lu trao i cc kt qu
nghin cu khoa hc gia cc nh khoa hc. Mt nh dng chun cho mt cng
trnh /bi bo , trong tc gi phi trnh by nghin cvu ca mnh mt cch r
rng, v c h thng. Mt nh dng chun s bao gm cc phn sau y: This
format is:
| Ta | Tn cc tc gi| Gii thiu| Tai liu v phng php | Cc kt qu (bao
gm hnh, nh, bng,) | Tho lun | Li cm n | Ti liu tham kho |
Ta
1. Phi phn nh c ni dung ca cng trnh /bi bo. Thng ta bi
vit khng tun th theo mt vn phong /ng php. Ta thng ngn
gn nhng sc tch. i khi ta li l mt cu nghi vn(?) hoc l gi
thuyt ca cng trnh.
2. Nu bt c ch (i tng nghin cu) ca cng trnh.
3. i khi ta cn th hin mt cch khi qut cc kt qu.

Cc tc gi
1. Ngi u tin thng l ngi chnh thc hin cng trnh v vit bi bo

khoa hc.
2. i vi nhng ngi khc, ty theo cng sc ng gp ca h m v tr c

khc nhau. Nn trao i vi ngi thy ca bn xem xt nhng ai c th

l ng tc gi.
Tm tt
1. Mt tm tt thng i chung vi bi bo, din t cc kt qu ca mt cng
trnh khoa hc. Tm tt cn c in ring thnh mt th tch v d nh
Th tch cc tm tt cng trnh khoa hc v Sinh vt hc, cc c gi
thng th lt qua th tch ny, sau khi xc nh c ci cn tm, h s i
su hn, ngha l tm ly bi bo tan vn tra cu.
2. Mt tm tt chun thng ch c mt on vn vi t 100-250 t nhng
phi nu c mc ch, phng php, kt qu v kt lun ca bi bo.
3. Khng s dng cc t vit tt trong bi bo cng khng c bt c ti liu
tham kho no v cng khng nn c cc ghi ch.
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GII THIU
Trong phn ny bn nn nhn mnh cc vn m bn ang quan tm, t ra trong
nghin cu v cui cng bn phi tr li c cc cu hi t ra. Cng nu r ti
sao bn quan tm n vn , bn phi xem xt cc ti liu c lin quan, ././. v
nh th ngi c s d dng hiu bn ang quan tm n lnh vc no. Mt gii
thiu tt thng khng qu 4 on v cui cng bn kt thc bng mt cu nghi
vn (gi thuyt) m bn cn phi tr li trong sut nghin cu ca bn.
TI LIU V PHNG PHP
1. Bn phi lm g, nh th no? tr li cc cu hi t ra trong cc nghin
cu ca bn. Bn nn c cc ti liu c lin quan, i khi bn cn phi p
dng cc phng php ca cc cc tc gi trc.
2. Trong trng hp bn ng dng mt qui trnh nghin cu phc tp, bn nn
thit k dng s , dng bng cc c gi hiu d dng hn.
3. Khng a bt k mt kt qu no trong phn ny, ngoi tr mt vi kt
qu nghin cu s b l nguyn nhn a n mt phng php nghin cu
4. cp n cc kha cnh o c nu bn s dng con ngi l i tng
nghin cu, v xc nh i tng c ng tham gia vo nghin cu ca
bn hay khng? Neu i tng nghin cu ca bn l ng vt bc cao
khc, bn phi ch r bn phi lm g i vi i tng hoc gim thiu ti
a vic gy au cho ng vt.
KT QU NGHIN CU
1. y l lc bn bt u m t v trnh by cc kt qu nghin cu ca bn,
nhng cng khng nn qu di dng, c gng lm bt c ci m bn
tm thy. Bng biu v hnh nh l phn khng thiu trong kt qu nghin
cu. KHNG tho lun trong phn ny.
2. Khng cn phi lit k tt c cc s liu c c trong sut thi gian nghin
cu. Bn ang trnh by kt qu nghin cu, ch khng phi trnh by mt
nht k nghin cu.
3. S dng cc phng php ph hp trnh by cc s liu. Khng c gng
un nn s liu to cm gic bn lm c nhiu hn l thc t.

Ch v vic th hin hnh nh v bng biu

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1. Nh ghi r ni dung cc trc x v y, mt tiu ngn c th c trong hnh

2. Bng biu v hnh nh khng phi trang tr, trnh rm r v qu l. Nu
bn mun tm tt cc thng tin khoa hc trong mt vi dng, Bng biu v
hnh nh tht s khng cn thit.
THO LUN
1. Nhn mnh cc kt qu c ngha nht, nhng khng phi l lp li ci g
m bn d vit trong phn kt qu. Nu r cc kt qu ca bn c lin quan
g n cc cu hi cn phi tr li? rng cc s liu c ph hp /khng ph
hp vi gi thuyt? rng cc kt qu ca bn c ph hp vi cc bo co
trc ay khng? Nu cc kt qu ca bn khng theo nh d kin, bn nn
c gng gii thch, ti sao? rng c cch no lm sng t kt qu ca
bn? v bn s c nhng nghin cu no su hn gii quyt cc vn
pht sinh,?....
2. Bn kt thc phn tho lun bng mt cu nhn mnh ti sao cc vn
nghin cu l cn thit.
LI CM N
-

Nn nh rng bn khng th thc hin mt nghin cu m khng c s

gip ca ngi khc.

Bn ly kinh ph t u? Ai gip bn cc thao tc thc hin trong phng th

nghim, c phi cc k thut vin? Ai chia s vi bn cc thng tin khoa hc?
Ai gip bn hon chnh bn tho fu tin? v v.v..
-

Bn nn cm n h mt cch thnh tht. Trnh s dng ngn t so rng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

C nhiu cch vit mt ti liu tham kho, ty thuc vo tp ch, nh xut bn,
nhng sau y l mt trong nhng cch c s dng:
1. Trong bi vit, ti liu c tham kho theo cch sau y:
Chi Alexandrium c Halim (1960) xut vi loi chun A. minutum. Nhiu
loi trc y c xp vo cc chi Gonyaulax Diesing 1866, Goniodoma Stein
1883, Gessnerium Halim 1969 hoc Protogonyaulax Taylor 1979 nay c xp
vo chi Alexandrium (Balech, 1995; Nguyen Ngoc Lam & Jacob, 2004). Trn c
s cc c im hnh thi, Balech (1995) ghi nhn 29 loi Alexandrium . Mi
y, Mackenzie v cs (2004) m t thm mt loi mi A. camurasculatum trong
thy vc New Zealand ; Montresor v cs(2004) tm thy loi A. tamutum l loi
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mi cho khoa hc, y l mt loi c hnh thi ca 2 loi A. tamarense v A.

minutum. .
2. Trong phn ti liu tham kho, cc ti liu c sp xp theo th t mu t
(A-Z) tn h ca cc tc gi v nm xut bn cng trnh. Theo sau l tn
bi bo, sch, k yu hi ngh (ban bin tp), Tn tp ch hoc tn nh xut
bn, S tp ch: s trang. Xem v d di y:

Balech, E., 1995. The genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). - Sherkin

Island Marine Station, 151 pp.
Halim, Y., 1960. Alexandrium minutum gen. et sp. nov. dinoflagelle
provocant des eaux rouges. Vie Milieu 11: 102-105.
Mackenzie, L., De Salas, M., Adamson, J., and Beuzenberg. V., 2004. The
dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium (Halim) in New Zealand coastal
waters: Comparitive morphology, toxicity and molecular genetics.
Harmful Agae, Elsevier, 3: 71-92.
Montresor, M., John, U., Beran, A. and Medlin, L.K., 2004. Alexandrium
tamutum sp. nov (Dinophyceae): A new nontoxic species in the genus
Alexandrium. Jornal of Phycology 40: 398-411.
Nguyn Ngc Lm & Larsen, J., 2004. Gonyaulacales. In: Potentially
Toxic Microalgae of Vietnamese Waters. Larsen & Nguyen-Ngoc (Eds).
Opera Botanica 140: 73-116.