Cardiovascular drugs

A. Peripheral vasodilator
a. Tolazoline HCl
Chemical structure
Chemical formula: C10H13ClN2
Mechainism of action / uses
Direct actions on blood
vessels and also increase
cardiac output
Decrease PVR (peripheral
vascular resistance) and
Blood pressure
Uses
Vasodilation, treatment of
catechol amine excess (e.g
pheochromocytoma)
Treatment: Persistent
pulmonary hypertension of
the new born
B. Coronary drugs
a. Erythrityl tetranitrate
Chemical structure
Chemical formula: C4H6N4O12
Mechanism of action
Stimulate the synthesis of
cGMP
Similar to other nitrates
organic nitrates (e.g.
nitroglycerine) BN deponit
Uses:
Vasodilator agent
b. Isosorbide Dinitrate (BN) Isordil, Isoket
Chemical structure

Chemical formula: C6H8N2O8

Mechanism of action
Relaxes coronary arteries
thereby decreasing the blood
circulation trough the
ischemia area.
Uses: angina pectrosis
c. Nitroglycerine
Chemical structure
Chemical formula: C3H5N3O9
Mechanism of action
Converted in nitric oxide
(NO) by stimulating
Guanylate and lowering
cytosolic calcium.
Treatment: Angina pectoris,
ischemi heart disease
C. Antidysrhythemic Drugs
a. Procainamide HCl
Chemical structure
Chemical formula: C13H21N3O
Mechanism of action:
Reversibly binds to and
blocks activated (open)
voltage-gated Sodium
channels thereby block the
influx of Sodium ions the cell
which leads to an increase in
threshold for excitation and
inhibit depolarization during
phase 0 of action potential.
Class Ia antiarrhythmic drugs
that is related to procaine.

 Amide derivative
Used to treat cardiac
arrhythmia
b. Quinidine
Chemical structure
Chemical formula: C22H24N2O2
Mechanism of action
Stabilizes the neuronal
membrane by binding to and
inhibiting voltage-gated
Sodium channel, thereby
inhibiting the Sodium influx
required for the initiation and
conduction of impulses
resulting in increase of
threshold for excitation and
decrease depolarization
during phase 0 of action
potential.
From alkaloid extracted from
bark of Chichona Tree used
antiarrhythmic and
antimalarial
Drugs affecting Blood lipids
A. Clofibrate
Chemical structure
Chemical formula: C12H15ClO3
- Bis-phenol antioxidant
Mechanism of action

Increases the activity of

extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase
(LL) thereby increasing lipoprotein
triglycerides lipolysis.
Uses:
Cholesterol metabolism in patient
with hyperlipidemia.
Lipid lower agent
B. Probucol
Chemical structure:
Chemical formula: C31H48O2S2
Mechanism of action
Inhibits oxidation of LDL and
lowers the level of cholesterol in
the bloodstream by increasing the
rate of LDL catabolism.