Level 1

The English Alphabet

, , L , K , J , I , H , G , F , E , D , C , B A
, X , W , V , U , T , S , R , Q , P , O , N M
, Z , Y
: a e i o u ) (vowels
(consonants) .
.
) ( )H.W 1
: box____, play____, escape_____, )2
](H.K.) [Meena

]Personal Pronouns [Meena

)Singular (H.K.

I

You

He
)(he, she, it = third singular

She
) (
It
Plural

We

You
) / / (
They
?H.W. What are the personal pronouns

( spelling
. )

]Pronunciation of Some Letters [Meena

. )( lamb ) ( B
: nice e , i , y )C 1
. )( centre )(
crime )( cat )( cycle h )2
. )(
)( : accept (cc) )3
. )( accuse

: chemistry )( .( : chalk( h : )4
. )( : machine )( .(
)( :ocean )5
. )( : muscles
e , i , y j )( gold )G 1
Egyptian edge .
) ( sign )( n , th )2
. )( length
high )( .( enough( h : )3
. )( ) straight(
. )( honest )( hour H
. )( knife n K
half )( chalk alk , alf , ould L
] . [Meena )( could )(
. )( column m N
phosphor h psychology P
.
)( disease )( rose )S 1
. )( disappear dis
usually . j )2
. )( fish h )( sugar )3
. )( island )4
. )( action ion )T 1
. )( nature )2
. )( listen )( often )3
. )( father )( mouth h )4
. )( who )( write h r W
. )( exactly X

]Important words and their meanings [Meena
:

Level 2
:
) (
It is very important to study them by heart, pronunciation, meanings and spelling.

Beard
Teeth

)The human body (H.K.

Nose
Mouth

Hair
Ear

Head
Eye

Hand
Face
Soul

Airplane
Ticket

Train
Arrival

Directio
n
Customs

Class

Inquiries

Teacher
Judge

Engineer
Actor

Africa
Australi
a

America
Asia

Egypt

Egyptian

America

Palestin
e
Jordan
France
German
y

Syria

Palestinia
n
Jordanian
French
German

England
China
Greece

Letter
Fee

Stamp
Envelope

Cheque
Client
Interest

Account
Loss
Capital

Patience
Fear

Wisdom
Lying

House
Column

Leg
Skin
Blood

Tongue
Jaw
Lips

Vacant
Brake

Passport
Departur
e
Speed

Tyre

Office

Ship

Soldier
Driver

Back
Fingers
Spirit

Traveling

Occupations [Meena]

Continents (H.K.)

Post office

Virtues and vices

America
n
Syrian

English
Chinese
Greek

Sample
Form

Rate
Loan
Broker

Wise
Fool

Design
Building

Postage
Sender

Banking (H.K.)

Europe

Countries and nationalities

Doctor
Lawyer

Deposit
Profit
Withdra
w

Faith
Envy

Architecture (( )H.K.)
Room
Steel

Bricks
Concrete

Homonyms : .
Course [Meena]
Prey
Lessen
Quite
For sale
Lightening
Mite
Proceed
Ceiling
Stair

Principle
Sight
Tale

Synonyms : .
Draught
Toes
Custom
Shadow
Pare
Movable
Childlike
Do (H.K.)

make do .
Make : - a mistake , - a decision , - a pizza , - noise , - plans .
Do :
- your homework , - some shopping , - me a favor .

Prefixes and suffixes

prefix suffix.

Prefixes --- :
Bi (two) ex: bicycle . / Re (again , back )ex: return
Tele (from far away ) ex: television , telegraph .
Under (insufficient ) ex: underpay , underfed .
Over (more than ) ex: overload , overtime
Fore (before )ex: foretell .
-- Some prefixes give the meaning of negation, like: :
Im ex: impossible / Dis ex: disconnect /
Un ex: unbelievable / Mis ex: misunderstand . /
Ir ex: irresistible / In ex: inactive / Il ex: illegal
Suffixes ---
:
:
-an, ian ex: Egyptian, American ( )/ -able ex: readable ()
-ness (kindness) , -ship (friendship) , -hood (childhood) , -ry (bakery)
,
-ism (socialism) ( ),
-ist (scientist) , -ion (invention) ,
-ation (information) , -ance (ignorance) , -ency (presidency) , -r (maker)
, -er / -ar / -or (actor) .

Translation :Write the English meaning of the following words

Write the Arabic meaning of the following words

House
Profit

Tele
Blood

African
China

Wisdom
Unbelievabl
e

lesson

Direction
Form

Lawyer
Fee

letter

Europe

Time ( )

British [Meena]
American (H.K.)
In #s
Seven o'clock
Five past seven
Ten past seven
Fifteen past seven
Twenty past seven
Twenty five past seven
Half past seven
Thirty five past seven
Twenty to eight
Fifteen to eight
Ten to eight
Five to eight
Eight o'clock

Seven o'clock
Seven five
Seven ten
Seven fifteen
Seven twenty
Seven twenty five
Seven thirty
Seven thirty five
Seven forty (H.K.)
Seven forty five
Seven fifty
Seven fifty five
Eight o'clock

7:00
7:05
7:10
7:15
7:20
7:25
7:30
7:35
7:40
7:45
7:50
7:55
8:00

So If someone asks:
What time is it? / Or / What is the time now?
We answer saying: [Meena
It is .. / Or / The time is .. /Or / The time now is ..

5
6:00 5:35 12:30 12
Write the time every 5 minutes from 12 to 12:30 and from 5:35 to 6:00

Prepositions

.
)( someone so.
something sth.
At the moment
- last
- most
- hand
Gaze (stare) at
Shocked Astonished Bad -

 Brilliant Slow Hopeless AngrySmile -

:
Look at this
She is busy at the moment
He is good (excellent, bad, .. ..) at English
: to at " "shout, throw ---
)shout at so. (when being angry) / shout to so. (to hear
) : throw sth. at so. or sth.(to hit) / throw sth. to so. (to give it to him
: He shouted at them
. : she threw it to him
) That .
) Those .

) This 2 1 :
3) These 4

prefixes
.
Translate into Arabic :
____________________________________________ Look at this rice
__________________________________________ He got at least two

Level 3
Prepositions

.
)( someone .so
something .sth
spelling
)( .

About

about :
/ care for Care about so. or sth.
Ask about
/ ask for

Dream about (details )/ dream of (being sth. or doing sth.)

Hear about (details) / hear of (know that) / hear from (receive a letter or a phone
call)
Think about (details) (concentrate the mind on) / think of (remember)
By (H.K.)

Pay by cheque / pay in cash = pay cash

for

ex: everybody blamed him for the accident /

everybody blamed the accident on him /
everybody said he was to blame for the accident
It's time for school / he is going to school / now he is at school.
In

Into (H.K.)
Of

It was nice of you (kind of you , good - , silly - , stupid -, ..) To accuse so.
of doing sth. /
Man of his word , man of courage .
A matter of fact , a matter of opinion
On [Meena]
I have spoken to her on the phone

I'm (I am) not on the phone yet , I haven't got a phone yet
To watch sth. on T.V.

To listen to sth. on the radio [Meena]
On leave / on holiday /on business trip / on a trip / on a tour
.
To live on money (or food) ( )/
To spend money on sth.
Keep on / go on / carry on
Out

To (H.K.)

Damage to a car / Invitation to a party (or a wedding)

Solution to a problem / answer to a question /
reply to a letter / key to a door
Complain to so. about sth. /
Prefer so. or sth. to so. or sth.
Up

With
Our relationship with God must be perfect. /
Pleased with so. ( pleased at sth. )
Charge so. with an offence (with a crime) / Provide so. with sth. (H.K.)

Translate into Arabic

They care about her _______________________________________
He replied to the letter _____________________________________
Write the preposition used after these words: worry _______ a lot ____

Plural of nouns
. book , books s ( 1
box , boxes s ss sh ch x z
: (
: es ( 2
hero , heroes o ( .

 (3 ies y y story ,
] stories [Meena y s .
(4 f fe ves f, fe half , halves /
. life , lives
(5
. foot , feet / man , men / son-in-law , sons-in-law
(6 . Japanese
(7 brother brothers )(
brethren ) ( .
(8 . hope , happiness :
(9 .contents , trousers
(10 s . news , mathematics
(11 mean means /
good / goods /.
)H.W. write the plural of the following words : (H.K.
Pen _____, dish _______, factory _________, shoe ______, knife _______,
Woman ___________, Chinese ___________, sister-in-law_____________,

"Verb "Do
---

)verb do (to do

) (present ) (past )

(future pronouns present )

( :

) (

Pro-nouns

I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

: ) (
(1 : he, she , it s, es, ies . present
Shall (2 I, we . will
I (3 you we you
)( .
don't (4 ) do not (contraction of doesn't does not
didn't . did not
(5 does infinitive .
-- ""do_____ Ex.: I do my homework.
She does what is right .
He did what is right.

They will do it.

H.W. Answer the following questions one time with Yes, another with No
:
____________________ Does he drink tea? Yes, ______________ No,
______________________ Do I need it? Yes, ________________ No,
past I, he, they
:
Pro- Verb "do" in the past
nouns
I
He
They

: ) (
(1 : he, she, it past pronouns s, es,
ies present past . future
(2 verb did infinitive no
H.W. Answer the following questions with Yes and No :
________________________ Did she work? Yes, _____________ No,
______________________ Did they see you? Yes, _____________ No,
"verb "Do "verb "Do
" " ) present past( :
"Verb "Do

) / (

Pronouns In the present

I
He
They

In the past
I
He
They

(1 : do, does, did )

(yes .
(2 ). (pronouns
Answer the questions with Yes and No
_____________________ Does he do it? Yes, _______________ No,
_____________________ Did she do it? Yes, _______________ No,

future "verb "Do "" :

()

Verb "Do"
In the future (H.K.)
I
He
They

. " Do" ( 1 :
. will shall not ( 2
H.W. Answer the questions with Yes and No
Will you do them? Yes,__________________ No, ___________________
Shall we do them? Yes, _________________ No, ___________________
) :
: (infinitive
Shall , should , will , would , may , might , can , could , to .

Conversations

Introducing : Hi , I'm Ahmed / hi Ahmed I'm Magdy (hi Ahmed my name is

Magdy) .
--- George , this is Aly , Aly this is George / nice to meet you Aly / nice to meet u
too , what do you do George ? / I'm a writer, and you? (what about you?) (and what
do you do?) / I'm an accountant . / Haven't we met before? / yes, I think we have.
Pair practice : Each 2 introduce yourselves to each other

Then each 3 ,

:

Back

Fire

Get

[Meena]

Go

(H.K.)

Lay

Look

Use

I used to get up early when I was a child, but now I don't.

I am used to getting (to get) up early in the morning because I've done this for
so long.

Drop

[Meena]

I dropped the cup and it broke.

We couldn't take him all the way , so we dropped him of at the station.
.

My husband always drops of a few minutes in the afternoon. (H.K.)

. )(
Why don't you drop in and see us sometimes.

At / on / in (time)

[Meena]

At : At 5:00 o'clock / at 11:45 / at midnight / at

night / at lunch time / at the week-end
/ at week-ends / at Christmas
/ at public holiday seasons /at the moment
/ at present / at the same time
/ at the proper time / at the age of

Ex.: We shall meet at 11:45 11:45

On : (Simply we use "on" when we mean a specific day
) : On 12 March 12 / on Friday(s)
( ) / on Friday morning(s) / on Sunday afternoon(s) / on
Christmas day / on any public holiday / on the third day (
). (H.K.)
Ex.: They always have meetings on Fridays.

In : (Simply we use "in" with months , years , seasons or any

long period) : in the morning(s) / in the afternoon(s) / in the
evening(s) / In the days of .. / In April/ in 1960 / in the winter / in the
18th century 18 / in the 1970s 1980 1970 / in the
Middle Ages /
In a few minutes = few minutes from now

[Meena]

In a week = in a week's time = a week from now

Ex.: I'll finish it in a few minutes.

Put 3 of these words: 3 .H.W

in sentences
Ex.: I went there on Monday morning. (H.K.)
1) _________________________________________________
2) _________________________________________________
3) _________________________________________________


][Meena

---

Some Rules of Writing

(1
drop
. dropped , big bigger
(2 e
write writing
ce , ge
][Meena

Peace peaceable , courage courageous

(3 ie y ing
lie lying , die dying , tie tying
:
y
ing :
. carrier

The

I
Beauty beautiful , easy easily , carry

A , An , and

A , An

indefinite

The

. definite

a e
)(vowel
An -- i o u h an hour A
.
A , An -- one ) ( uncountable nouns
a bread a loave of bread . a piece of bread
A -- :a few weeks, a lot of people , a couple of sandwiches

 -- A , The singular countable nounsI've got a headache. Be careful of the dog.

][Meena

The

-- )The police , the sky , the sun , the sea . (H.K.

-- .
-- :woman

The Egyptian man , The American

-- TheI love bananas. He likes flowers.

-- the :The owner and manager has come

:
The owner and the manager have come

.
the
-- : The cinema , the theatre , the radio

Television / (all meals like) : breakfast , lunch , dinner , supper.

H.W.: Put the right article and /or word in the blanks, or
leave it blank :
/ :
[Meena

We ate _____ breakfast together.

They like _____grapes.

We went to _____cinema.
His father and _____teacher will go together.


____lot of trees.
)(H.K.

Be careful of _____ bad cat in this garden.

"Verbs "Be" and "Have

-- be , have present simple past simple
simple future

Pronoun

I (H.K

Yo

He, she,

Yo

The

) (contractions :

Pronouns

( He

 he is ) he has (she, it

.
:
I am a teacher

) (

I was a teacher
I shall be a teacher

They were students

She will be a doctor

][Meena

He has a car
He had a car

He will have a car

We had books

)( You will have books

.H.W :

][Meena

Translate into English

(1
___________________________________________
(2
_________________________________________________
(3 )(.H.K
_________________________________________

(4
_____________________________________________
(5
________________________________________________
(6
________________________________________
(7
________________________________________________

 pronoun verb
: " verb "Do
1) Am I a teacher ? / Yes, you are a teacher. / No, you aren't a
teacher.
2) Were they students ? / Yes, they were . / No, they weren't
students.
3) Will she be a doctor ? / Yes, she will / No, she will not .
4) Has he a car? (Does he have a car ?) / Yes, he has a car / yes, he
does / no, he hasn't a car / no, he doesn't have a car. (H.K.)
5) Had we books ? (Did we have books ?) / yes you had books / Yes,
you did / no, you didn't have books / No, you hadn't .
6) Will you have books ? / Yes, we shall have books / No, we shall
not .
verb have
. verb do

(.H.K)

: .H.W

Answer the following questions , one time with Yes, another

with No :
Are you a doctor? Yes, ______________ , No,
_____________________
Are you doctors? Yes, _______________, No,
_____________________
Will they be drivers? Yes, _______________, No,
___________________
Shall I do it? Yes, _________________, No,
_______________________

Conversation

[Meena]

Meeting : Formal : Good morning (good ..) / good morning

(good ..) / How are you ? / I'm fine , thank you .
Informal : Hi , how are you today ? / fine thanks , what about you /
ok. (not bad) (feel tired) (H.K.)

--- Hi Sheriff / Hi Zaki / where is Roushdy / he is at home, he has

some things to do and won't be able to meet us / ok. let us go and
help him / that is a good idea .
--- Hello John / oh , hi Ann / how is it going ? (how are you ?) (how
are you doing ?) / great (fine thanks) (ok.) , John , this is Sue my
sister / hi Sue / hi / and this is Mona her friend / hi Mona / hi John
.

H.W. (C.W.) : Pair practice (each 2) / then each 3 (the

last paragraph)
( ) 3

:) :
Share4

...

...

...

2 ...
, , , ,4 :
, Grammar

+ commentaires + 2 commentaires

moataz noor
9:00 2015 6

moataz noor
9:01 2015 6

) (1

Making Questions

) (2

 PDF

Writing Writing
Learn how to speak english easy 1

download OxFord Dictionary -

English-Arabic

+
2
Possessive Pronouns

Courses

, , DZ 5 ,
) , Grammar (5
) (5

In / At / on (position / place)

[Meena]

In : In a (in the) : room , building , shop , garden

, park , town - , country , water , sea ,
river , row , line -, armchair , mirror ,
photograph , picture , street , sky , book
. (H.K.)
Ex: there is no one in the room. / I prefer to sit in the front row.
In :

bed , prison , the hospital .

At : at a (at the) : bus stop(s) , traffic light ,

door , window , top of the page , bottom of the
page
, end of the street , beginning of the
street , back (front) of a group of people (of a building)
// party , concert
, conference , meeting , football match
[Meena]

Ex: Were there many people at the meeting?

at : home (the house) , work , school , university
, a station , an airport .
Ex.: He is at home

On : on a (on the) : ceiling , wall , floor , notice

board , grass , top shelf , table , chair
, left , right , left (right) hand side ( )/
on her nose / on a page //
--- A place is : on the coast ( on a river , on a
road ) , or , on the way to another place
//
His house is on the river.
--- Corner :
1) In the corner of a room

2) At / on the corner of a street

--- front / back : 1) In the front / back of a car (or taxi)

2) At the front / back of a group of people (building / cinema
)
3) On the front / back of a letter (piece of paper) /
()
--- Arrive : 1) In a country or town.
2) At other places (school , work , the hotel , the party)
3) Arrive home.

(H.K.)

--- The end (the beginning) : 1) At the end of (at the beginning
of) a place or sth. .
Ex: At the end of the street / At the beginning
of a book.
2) In the end (in the beginning) so. did sth. , or , sth. was done ,
Ex: In the end we decided to do it /
In the beginning I thought I would be able to do it , but I couldn't.
[Meena]

--- To (places) : Go to Egypt , travel to America , go to the bank ,

return to Europe , fly to Moscow , walk to work , drive to the airport ,
sent to prison , taken to the hospital , go to bed , go to a meeting.

--- Home : go home , at home , come home , get home , arrive

home .
--- Go : on foot / by: car , taxi , train ,
plane , boat , ship , bus , bicycle ,
underground .
--- Get :

get in (get out of) a car , taxi . [Meena]

Get on (get off) a train , plane , boat , ship , bus , bicycle ,

underground.

H.W. Put 4 of the previous words in sentences. Ex.: He

got in her car.
1) ________________________

2) _________________________

3) ________________________

Verbs

4) ________________________

[Meena]

. walk , run , speak , eat , write , drink
verb " "
. .. ..
He : : transitive (1 :
.drank water
The : : intransitive (2
.water drops
(1 : Auxiliary verbs --) ( 3 .( 2 .
: ( 4 .(tenses
Be, have, do, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would),
must
.( 2 .( 1 :

Let us take verb "Work" , with the pronouns, in the present, past and
future

Pronouns

Present

Past

[Meena]

Future

Work

Worked

Shall work

You

Work

Worked

Will work

He

Works

Worked

Will work

She

Works

Worked

Will work

It

Works

Worked

Will work

We

Work

Worked

Shall work

You

Work

Worked

Will work

They

Work

Worked

Will work

H.W. fill the following table in a similar way to this table with verb
"eat"
(.H.K)

" "

Pronouns

Present

I (H.K.)
You

Past

Future

Ate
Eat

He, She, It
We

: ()

I backed up him (him up) in what he said

They want to blow up the car
The car broke down yesterday
A gang broke in the bank this morning
A prisoner tried to break out of jail
They broke up all what he had
She brought up her children well
His factory closed down

May I come in? [Meena]

After he had come down of the mountain, he went home
He came up with a good idea
I count on your promise
He cried out saying "help us"
They crossed off his name
She tried to cut down swimming
He cut off the book into pieces
Drive off this place quickly
Try to figure out what she means
Fill in this form please (H.K.)
I can't find out what the cause is
Get in the house and bring it to me
Get out of my house
Get back home and do your homework
Can you get through this narrow door?
When you go by him, see what he does
Sometimes I get up before 6:00 o'clock
It is good to give away your old clothes to the poor
You must have hope , don't give up
I grew up in the country
He hung up on me
Hold on I'll call him
Lay it before him
lay up treasures in heaven
He let her down in front of her friends
Look at me
He looked to the reward
He looked into family matters
Look out , it's dangerous

look for my pen , I can't find it

Loop up this word in the dictionary
I want to look him off before he leaves
Look about try to find something
She looked after her father when he was sick
They passed away in a bad accident
Put off the fire [Meena]
We send for a doctor right after he had fainted
Speak up that we may hear
He takes upon himself to save her
She waits at that table (H.K.)
I've been waiting for you for 2 hours
He waits on the Lord

Phrasal verbs with two

( )
Particles

H.W. Write the Arabic meanings of any 6 of the previous

sentences :
___________________________ (2 __________________________ (1
___________________________ (4 __________________________ (3
___________________________ (6 __________________________ (5

___

: will shall

(1

--- We put shall instead of will when : (H.K.)

Promise : You shall have the money very soon.

Threat : If you do that again you shall be punished

Order (command) : You shall not steal
Determination : The enemy shall not pass.
--- We put will instead of shall when :
Promise : We will send them a present.
Willingness : I will pay at the rate you ask.

--- Shall I? (Shall we?) , has often the meaning of "Would you
like me to ..?" ex: Shall I open the window?
--- Will you? , has often the meaning of "Would you like to .. ?"
ex : Will you help me to carry this bag?
: do (does , did) ( 2
? questions
negative

[Meena]

do you like it
:

no, I do not like it

for emphasis :
to avoid repetition
for politeness :

yes, I do like it (
:

he likes it and so do I (
please do come (

do , does , did )(
(.H.K) :

Yes, I do like it (Yes, I do. )
Yes, he does like it
Yes, they did like it

Questions
. be, have, do ( 1 :
: ( 2

: ( )
1) We did this to save his life (because we had to)
2) That is what happened .
3) I'm Medhat , the manager .
4) This is the report . (H.K.)
5) It is on the desk .
6) He is coming next Friday .
7) It is yours (It is your pen) .
8) I gave it to her .
9) It costs three dollars .
10) We have seven pens .
11) It takes two days to be done .
12) Yes, you can if you are strong enough . / No, you can't .
13) Yes, you may if you have finished your homework . / No, you may not
14) Yes, I think we better wait for him . / No, I think we better go.

H.W. [ 1] Answer the following questions:

1) How many books does she have? ______________________________
2) What time is it now? _______________________________________
3) Whom are you talking about? ________________________________
4) What is in your hand? ______________________________________
5) Where are the bags? _______________________________________
[2] In your h.w. copy book , write 14 questions, using each question word
in each one of them and answer them with every possible answer. (H.K.)
14
.

 ]Punctuation [Meena
(1 capitalization capital letters
: capitals

) (Full stop .
-- :
The Sheraton Hotel / but / we went to the hotel
-- 3 capital "."The Plural of Nouns
(2 ) [Comma] (

)I bought bread , milk , honey and grapes. (H.K.
]If you are right , I'm wrong . [Meena
(3 ) [Full stop , or , Period] ( .
) initials (
abbreviations .The Y.M.C.A. is a good association :
(4 ) ( ][Question mark , or , Interrogation mark
.
(5 )! ( ] [Exclamation mark

! What a beautiful watch
(6 )) (( ] [Brackets , or , Parantheses .
(7 ) [The Colon] ( :
.
H.W. In your h.w. copy book, write a paragraph of at least 3 lines using
all possible punctuation.
3 .

The Apostrophe
apostrophe the boy's book "
" [Meena] .
s apostrophe s the girls' food "
" .
-- Mary and . Magdy's car
. Mary's and Magdy's cars
-- apostrophe ofthe leg of : :
the chair
(a) Some places. (b) some expressions of time , take 's

ex : (a) Egypt's largest city is Cairo. / The city's old cinema was renewed last month. (b) A
night's rest. / Three hour's travel. / a week's vacation.

N.B.: With some common nouns like "class , school , farm .. " , we don't use 's nor
"of" (H.K.) [Meena]
ex : The class teacher / A farm girl.

apostrophe --I'm ( contractions ) pronouns verb be

. I am
: .H.W
_______________________________________________ ( 1
____________________________________________ ( 2
_______________________________________________ ( 3
third (
. plural ( : S
P T K F : apostrophe ( . singular
(
. ( ) he works (
. ( )cats (
: H S
. ( ) Medhat's book
Magdy's pen ( . ( ) he says ( . ( )beds ( :
. ()

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable nouns [Meena]
Job
House
Group
Computer
Apple
Orange

Girl

Animal
Company

Project

Book

Bottle

Uncountable nouns

Blood
Gold (H.K.)
Engineering
Information

Advice

Milk

Silver
Music
Air
Smoke
Bread
Water

: here is , here are there is , there are

There is an apple (orange).
There is some milk (water).
There are some apples (oranges). There are some bottles of milk (of water).
there are there is
.bottles there is
: glasses pair
There is a pair of glasses (trousers , shoes , socks). There are some pairs of
glasses (trousers , shoes , socks). [Meena]
there are here are there is here is
.
H.W. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1) ______________ some pens. 2) _____________ a ruler. (H.K.)
3) There is ____________socks. 4) Here are _______________trousers.
hair uncountable countable --. beautiful hair a hair

uncountable --:
Advice , furniture , news , bread , behavior , trouble , traffic , work , luggage ,
baggage, weather , information , permission

pieces of advice bread advice uncountable nouns
. loaves of bread
. Saying good bye : Formal : Good bye / good bye , it was nice to meet (see) you
--- I wish you the best of luck . / same for you .
Informal : Bye (bye bye) (see you) / bye (see you) .
--- Keep in touch . / I will . (H.K.)
--- Have a good day (have a nice one) / you too .
At work : Excuse me , are you busy / oh, hi Mary I'm not working right now , I'm just
reading the newspaper , come in .

Pronouns
:
Personal pronouns

Before the
verb [Meena]
I

You
He
She
It
We
You
They

Possessive pronouns

After the verb

With nouns

Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them

My
Your
His (H.K.)
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their

Without a
noun
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Ours
Yours
Theirs

Reflexive and
intensive
pronouns

Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves

before the)
:
they ( after the verb)
I write ( verb
this is my book ( with nouns)
gave me

It is mine ( without a noun)
I myself I struck myself
. saw him
[Meena] :
I have a book , my father gave it to me , he himself gave it to me on my
birthday , it was his book but now it is mine. (H.K.)
:
.
[Meena] : .H.W

. ________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
) personal pronouns
(
Ahmed is a teacher.
Ahmed and George are teachers.
.He is a teacher.
They are teachers

.The girl is beautiful.
The cat is young
.She is beautiful. (H.K.)
It is young
.She gave the book to Magdy. They asked Mary
.She gave the book to him.
They asked her
.

evel 7
Gerund (its pronunciation is djerend) :
A gerund is used : [Meena]
1) After certain prepositions ( ) :
- He is interested in learning English . / - I'm accustomed to getting up early.
- We're looking forward to seeing you . / - She went on crying all the time .
- They talked about solving the problems.

2) After certain expressions (( ) go on , carry on , keep on , be used

to , got used to , no use , worth , give up , would you mind) :
- He kept on interrupting us. / - I'm used to getting up early.
- I got used to getting up early. (H.K.)
got got used to am used to
. verb be am
- This car is nice , it's worth buying. / - There is no use trying this again.
- I don't feel like eating lunch. / - will you give up smoking.
- Would you mind giving it to me. [Meena]

3) Gerund is also used as a subject of a sentence ( ) :

- Learning English is very important. / - Driving quickly can be dangerous.
- Swimming and walking are good exercises.

4) And as an object of a sentence when it (the gerund) comes after the following verbs
( ) : (enjoy , like , dislike , love , hate , begin , stop , finish , avoid , appreciate ,
mind, consider , discuss , delay , go , hear , imagine , keep, give up , prevent).
- I'll go when I've finished doing my work. / - They enjoy praying.
- I can't imagine Magdy driving a truck. / - Stop talking.
- She likes walking. / - It started raining last night.
- Would you mind giving it to me. (H.K.)

: .H.W
___________________________________ ( 1
__________________________________________ ( 2

_____________________________________ ( 3
. -- infinitive gerund
( + infinitive to) gerund ( verb)
to)) gerund
. + infinitive
: ( 1
Like , hate , start , begin , prefer
-

She likes walking = She likes to walk

It started raining last night = It started to rain last night.

to +) gerund ( 2
. (infinitive
Stop , try
-

He stopped playing . He stopped to play .

Try swimming . Try to swim . [Meena]
: : : ( ing )
I have had a headache for 2 hours now, I tried taking an aspirin but it didn't help.
: : ( to + infinitive)
Try to be quiet when you come home late , everyone will be asleep. (H.K.)

ing gerund --:

To form nouns : we add suffixes (see page 11) , some of which are :
-ness (kindness) , -ship (friendship) , -hood (childhood) , -ry (bakery) , -ism
(socialism) , -ist (scientist) , -ion (invention) , -ation (information) , -ance
(ignorance) , -ency (presidency) , -r (maker) , -er / -ar / -or (actor) .

H.W. Write the noun form of each of the following words :

Verb
Make
Build

Noun

Verb
Inform
Do

Noun

Translate into Arabic:

I don't feel like doing it _______________________________________
They hate playing football ______________________________________
Jv[l

____________________________________________
___________________________________________

The Arabic Alphabet

-


"" " "" ":
. "They play" "He works" . ""
: .H.W
_______________________________________ ( )( 1
__________________________________________________ ( 2
(.H.K)

Things to Know [Meena] : Subjects : A subject tells who or what is doing the main
verb . It can be a regular noun, pronoun or a gerund.
Appositives : An appositive is simply a noun phrase that defines the subject. It must
be identical to the subject and provide additional information. A comma must
immediately precede and follow the appositive.
Ex.: Aids, a highly infectious disease, causes death.
Modifiers : They describe or give more information about the subject, verb, or other
modifiers.
Ex.: Canada, which has a small population, covers slightly more territory than the
United States does. [Meena]
N.B. Adjectives are modifiers for nouns, and adverbs are modify verbs, adjectives or
other adverbs.
Subordinations (modifying clauses) : They combine two or more sentences into one
sentence. The subordinate clause usually contains a relative pronoun.
Relative
pronouns are :
Who / which / that / when / whose / where
Ex.: He plays with a ball. The ball is blue / He plays with a ball that is blue.
Conjunctions : They express a relationship between ideas.
There are two basic types of conjunctions :
1) those that show agreement between ideas, like : because / also / in addition to /
such as / as well as / as
2) Those that show disagreement between ideas, like : Although / but / however /
despite / in spite of / whereas
Conjuncion Patterns : like : either or / neither nor / both and / such as /
not only but also
Joining words

And / so / as well / both .. and / as well as / either .. or / neither.. nor / but / not only ..
but also (but.. also) / when / as soon as / because / as / since / to / in order to / so as
to / so that (so.. that) / in order that / such a (an).. that
Ex : We may go either to Cairo or to Alexandria, we haven't decided yet.
Neither Ahmed nor George did the homework.
Mary is studying hard so that she may get high grades.
It was such an interesting book that I read it several times.
Other expressions followed by a gerund : Responsible for doing something /
punish someone for doing something / capable of doing .. / believe in / known for
/ accuse someone of / committed to / succeed in / excited about /
participate in / take part in / admit to / confess to / blame someone for /
keep someone from / prohibit someone from / forgive someone for something .

H.W.: In your h.w. copy book : 1) Put each of the following words in a
sentence : capable / either / although / because / when / who / but also .
2) Write a sentence with a gerund as a subject.

Adverbs
. ( )
Adverbs are related to verbs , they tell : 1) how , 2) where , and , 3) when , the verbs
are done.
1) How : like : fast , quickly
Ex: He runs fast. / He did it very quickly.
2) When : like : next , now , yesterday (H.K.)
Ex: Next thing you should do is this./ She went there yesterday. Do it now.
3) Where : like : nowhere , anywhere , here , there , out
Ex: I couldn't find it anywhere. / Come here. [Meena]
He ran slowly : ly --A friendly person
: ly

Adjectives

 descriptive
red, young . (H.K.)
: _ (adverbs) ( adjectives) --H.W. Write 6 adverbs that say how a verb is done _________________
__________________________________________________________
Write 6 descriptive adjectives __________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_______ adjectives _______ adverbs :

Conversations :
Making suggestions : Shall we go swimming ? (let us go swimming) (why don't we
eat dinner there ?) (How about doing this ?) / Yes, sure (that is a good idea) (it
sounds great) (ok.) . (H.K.)
--- There is a football game at the stadium tomorrow , do you want to go ? (would you
like to go ?) (how about going ?) / yes, sure (I'd like to) (may be) (I don't know) ,
what time is it? / at 7:30 / ok. see you there .
Asking for permission :

Giving thanks : Thank you (thanks) (thanks a lot) (I appreciate your help) / you're
welcome (you are very welcome any time) (my pleasure)
To agree or disagree : Do you agree with me ? (what do you think ?) (Is that right ?)
/ I agree with you (I agree with all what you've just said except ..) (yes, that's right)
(exactly) (you are absolutely right) or Sorry I don't agree (I disagree with you) (I
don't think so) ( that is not right because .. ..) [Meena]
To ask for help : Could you help me ? (may you do me a favor ?) / yes, sure (of
course)
--- Would you mind doing this for me ? / no, I don't mind (yes , I'm sorry I can't)
(H.K.)

H.W. Practice all these conversations with any of your friends


. pronouns " "I
pronouns .
)( )(conversations
.
) ( :
Present = pr. / past = pa. / future = fu. / past participle = p.p. / simple = s. /
)continuous = cont. / perfect = perf. / verb = v. (H.K.
: ) past participle (p.p. 52
]Tenses [Meena
)I eat ( everyday , sometimes , always , usually , often
)I ate (yesterday , last night , in the past , ago
)I shall eat (tomorrow , next week , later) (H.K.
)I am eating (now , nowadays, today
)I was eating (while , as , when
)I shall be eating (tomorrow , at that time
I have eaten (already , just , almost , nearly , since , yet , not yet ,
)ever , never , now , today
)I had eaten (before , after , when , until
)I shall have eaten (by) (H.K.
)I have been eating (for , since
)I had been eating (for , since , before
)I shall have been eating (for , on , after

Pr.
Pa.
Fu.
Pr.
Pa.
Fu.
Pr.
Pa.
Fu.
Pr.
Pa.
Fu.

)Simple (H.K.

Continuous

V. be + --ing
Perfect

V. have + p.p.
Perfect continuous
V.have + been+--ing

.
12 ) .s. , cont. , perf. , perf. cont (tenses 12
. .pr. , pa. , fu key words
.
- .s . - .cont .pr .pa .fu
verb be ing ) verb .(am eating
- .perf )( )( )(
. verb have ) .p.p have
. ( eaten
- .perf. Cont . .pr .pa .fu
. verb have + been ing ) have been
. ( eating

H.W. Complete the table using "drink" and one key word in each sentence
Tenses
Simple

Continuous

V. be + --ing
Perfect

V. have + p.p.
Perfect continuous
V.have+been+ --ing

Pr.
Pa.
Fu.
Pr.
Pa.
Fu.
Pr.
Pa.
Fu.
Pr.
Pa.
Fu.

They always drink water (H.K.)

It
We
She
He
You
You
They
It
We
He
You

pronouns ( tense) --. simple

:
: continuous --Continuous

:
I'm praying now.
They were playing yesterday when I met them.
She will be walking tomorrow when you come.
:
Are you praying now? / Yes, I'm praying now / No, I'm not -Were they playing yesterday when you met them? / Yes, they were playing yesterday
when I met them / No, they were not playing --.
Will she be walking tomorrow when I come? / Yes, she will be walking tomorrow
when you come / No, she'll not be walking --.
.cont ( 47)
.pa ( .pr )
ing verb be .fu
. ( am eating )verb

H.W. complete the following table like the previous one using verb "play"
" "
Continuous

--- N.B. : The present continuous is also used for the near future (like going to),
specially with verbs of movement like "go, come, leave"
Ex: Ahmed is coming here next week. / They are leaving for U.S.A. on Friday.
ing continuous ( verbs) --[Meena] :
Like , love , believe , hate , see , hear , understand , consist , contain , possess ,
belong , resemble , recognize , want .
write - e e ing --get - vowel ing writing
. getting
continuous tense past continuous --Ex: While he was reading , the children were playing . (H.K.)
: perfect --Perfect

H.W. complete the following table like the previous one using verb "walk"
" "
Perfect

:
Have you prayed yet? / Yes I've already prayed. / No, I haven't prayed yet.
Had she written the report before he came? / Yes, she had written it before he came. /
No, she hadn't written it before he came. (H.K.)
Shall we have done the homework by 6:00 o'clock? / Yes, we shall have done it by
6:00 o'clock. / No, we shall not have done it by 6:00 o'clock.
)( .perf 47
)(
.)(
. [Meena] ( have eaten ).p.p verb have
: perfect continuous --Perfect continuous
Present

H.W. complete the following table like the previous one using verb "talk"
" "
Perfect continuous
Present

Have you been playing here since 5:00 o'clock? / Yes. I have been playing here since
5:00 o'clock. / No, I haven't been playing here since 5:00 , I've been playing just for
half an hour. (H.K.)
Had they been praying for 3 hours before we went there? / Yes, they had been praying
for 3 hours before we went there / No, they had not been ----.
Will you have been studying here for 5 hours by 10:00 o'clock? / yes, we shall have
been studying here for 5 hours by 10:00 o'clock / No, we shall not have been studying
----. [Meena]
.perf. Cont 47 .perfect cont
.pr .
. .fu .pa
. ( have been eating )ing verb have + been

H.W. Answer the questions with Yes and No: [Meena]

Is he drinking water now? Yes, _________________ No, __________________
Has she already eaten? Yes, __________________ No,____________________
Have they been praying for an hour now? Yes, ___________________________
(H.K.) No, _______________________________________________________
Were you talking when I called her? Yes, _______________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Will they have eaten when I come? Yes, ________________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Will you have finished eating when we come? Yes, _______________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Do you always drink tea in the morning? Yes, ___________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________
Will she have been studying for an hour when we go to her?
Yes, __________________________________________________________
No, ___________________________________________________________

Conjugation of verbs
( past participle)

(past)
pronouns . [Meena]
ied ed d ( regular verbs) ( )
pray prayed prayed : past participle past
eat ate : ( irregular verbs) ( )
. eaten
The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs(that take d) :
Regular verbs (that take "d")
Regular verbs (that take "d")

Present
(infinitive)

Advise
Agree
Arrange
Care
Continue
Decide
Deserve
Hate
Hesitate

Past
Advised
Agreed
---d
Cared
---d
Decided
---d
---d
---d

Past
participle

Advised
Agreed
---d
Cared
---d
Decided
---d
---d
---d

Present
(infinitive)

Hope
Like
Love
Manage
Prepare
Promise
Refuse
Struggle
(H.K.)

Past
Hoped
Liked
Loved
---d
---d
---d
---d
---d

Past
participle

Hoped
Liked
Loved
---d
---d
---d
---d
---d
[Meena]

The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs(that take ed) :

Regular verbs (that take "ed")
Regular verbs (that take "ed")
Present

Past

Affect

Affected

Past
participle
Affected

Afford
Appear
Arrest
Ask
Attack
Avoid
Beg
Blink
Claim
Climb
Control
[Meena]
Demand

Afforded
---ed
Arrested
Asked
Attacked
Avoided
Begged
Blinked
Claimed
Climbed
---ed

Afforded
---ed
Arrested
Asked
Attacked
Avoided
Begged
Blinked
Claimed
Climbed
---ed

---ed

Discuss
Drop
End
Expect
Fail
Float
Guess
Harvest
Heat
Intend

---ed
Dropped
Ended
Expected
Failed
Floated
---ed
---ed
---ed
---ed

---ed
(H.K.)
---ed
Dropped
Ended
Expected
Failed
Floated
---ed
---ed
---ed
---ed

(infinitive)

Present

Past
Learned
(learnt)
Needed
Offended
Offered
Planed
---ed
---ed
Resisted
Seemed
Shopped
Slowed
Smelled
(smelt)
Spelled
(spelt)
Started
Stepped
Stopped

Past
participle
Learned
(learnt)
Needed
Offended
Offered
Planed
---ed
---ed
Resisted
Seemed
Shopped
Slowed
Smelled
(smelt)
Spelled
(spelt)
Started
Stepped
Stopped

---ed

---ed

---ed
Waited
Wanted
---ed
Wished

---ed
Waited
Wanted
---ed
Wished

(infinitive)

Learn
[Meena]
Need
Offend
Offer
Plan
Pretend
Regret
Resist
Seem
Shop
Slow
Smell

Spell

Start
Step
Stop
Switch
Threaten
Travel
Wait
Want
Water
Wish

---ed

---ed

The following is a table of conjugation of some regular verbs (that take ied) :
Regular verbs (that take "ied")
Regular verbs (that take "ied")

Past Past

Past Past
Present
Present
(infinitive)

Bury
Carry
Marry

[Meena]
Buried
Carried
Married

participle

(infinitive)

Buried
Carried
Married

Reply
Worry
[Meena]

(H.K.)
Replied
Worried

participle

Replied
Worried

The following is a table of conjugation of some irregular verbs :

Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs
Present
(infinitive)

Past

Past
participle

Present
(infinitive)

Past

Past
participle

Am , is
(be)
Are (be)
Bear
Beat
Become
Begin
Bend
Bet
Bid
Bid
Bind
Bite
Bleed
Blow
Break
Breed
Bring
Build
Burst
Buy
Cast
Catch
Chide
Choose
Cling
[Meena]

Come
Cost
Creep
Cut
Deal
Dig
Do
Draw
(H.K.)

Dream
Drink
Drive
Dwell
Eat
Fall
Feed
Feel
Fight
Find
Flee
Fly
Forbear
Forbid
Forget
Forgive

Was

Been

Leave

Left

Left

Lent
Let
Lay
Lied
Lost
Made
Meant
Met
Paid
Put
Read
Rebuilt
Rode
Rang
Rose
Ran
Sawed
Said
Saw
Sought
Sold
Sent
Set
Sewed

Lent
Let
Lain
Lied
Lost
Made
Meant
Met
Paid
Put
Read
Rebuilt
Ridden
Rung
Risen
Run
Sawn
Said
Seen
Sought
Sold
Sent
Set
Sewn

Shook
Shone
Showed
Shrank
Shut
Sang
Sank
Sat

Shaken
Shone
Shown
Shrunk
Shut
Sung
Sunk
Sat

[Meena]

Were
Bore
Beat
Became
Began
Bent
Bet
Bade
Bid
Bound
Bit
Bled
Blew
Broke
Bred
Brought
Built
Burst
Bought
Cast
Caught
Chided
Chose
Clung

Been
Borne
Beat
Become
Begun
Bent
Bet
Bidden
Bid
Bound
Bitten
Bled
Blown
Broken
Bred
Brought
Built
Burst
Bought
Cast
Caught
Chidden
Chosen
Clung

Lend
Let
Lie
Lie
Lose
Make
Mean
Meet
Pay
Put
Read
Rebuild
Ride
Ring
Rise
Run
Saw
Say
See
Seek
Sell
Send
Set
Sew

Came
Cost
Crept
Cut
Dealt
Dug
Did
Drew

Come
Cost
Crept
Cut
Dealt
Dug
Done
Drawn

Shake
Shine
Show
Shrink
Shut
Sing
Sink
Sit

Dreamt
Drank
Drove
Dwelt
Ate
Fell
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flew
Forbore

Dreamt
Drunk
Driven
Dwelt
Eaten
Fallen
Fed
Felt
Fought
Found
Fled
Flown
Forborne

Slay
Sleep
Slide
Smell
Sow
Speak
Speed
Spell
Spend
Spill
Split
Spread
Spring

Forbade
Forgot
Forgave

Forbidden
Forgotten
Forgiven

(H.K.)

[Meena]

Slew
Slept
Slid
Smelt
Sowed
Spoke
Sped
Spelt
Spent
Spilt
Split
Spread
Sprang

Slain
Slept
Slid
Smelt
Sown
Spoken
Sped
Spelt
Spent
Spilt
Split
Spread
Sprung

Stood
Stole
Stuck

Stood
Stolen
Stuck

[Meena]

Stand
Steal
Stick

Freeze
Get
Give
Go
Grind
Grow
Hang
Hang
Have
Hear
Hide
Hit
Hold
Hurt
Keep
Kneel
Know
Lay
Lead

Froze
Got
Gave
Went
Ground
Grew
Hanged
Hung
Had

Frozen
Got / gotten

Given
Gone
Ground
Grown
Hanged
Hung
Had

Sting
Strike
Strive
Swear
Sweep
Swim
Swing
Take
Teach

Tore
Told
Thought
Threw
Wore

Torn
Told
Thought
Thrown
Worn

Stung
Struck
Strove
Swore
Swept
Swam
Swung
Took
Taught

[Meena]

Stung
Struck
Striven
Sworn
Swept
Swum
Swung
Taken
Taught
(H.K.)

Heard
Hid
Hit
Held
Hurt

Heard
Hidden
Hit
Held
Hurt

Tear
Tell
Think
Throw
Wear

Kept

Kept

Weep

Wept

Wept

Knelt
Known
Laid
Led

Win
Write

Won
Wrote

Won
Written

(H.K.)

Knelt
Knew
Laid
Led

---
.