::

( LC)

(
)

( )

(
)

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1.

1-.

1. .
2. ,

.

3. ,

.

:
:

f = 1/
2
=

= 2f

: F = 0

4.

:
:

D
m

= 2

m
D

f=

_D = m2_

1 D
2 m

,
D = m2 .
, m, D,
,
.
D :

i) D ( ..
D = k),
(.. D = mg / L,
D = dgS, .).
ii)
:
F x, F
= Dx, D.
iii) D
.
m= D=
. ,
.

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D, .

1-.

()

max

max =

max

max = 2

Fmax

Fmax = m2

Umax

Kmax

Umax = Kmax =

= D2= m22

.
( = D2).
,
, .
:

d ,
= 0, . . = d.
x = + d x= d,
.

1-.

(), , , .
.
.
:

x = (t + )

= max(t + )

= max(t + )

(F):

F = Fmax(t + )

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U = Umax2(t + )

= Kmax2(t + )

,
:

(m, D, ) .

(E, , max, ).

(. , ).

x=5(4t),
=2(10t+/6), F=100x, U=0,252(t) .,

(, , max, D, , .).
[
; ]

1-.

t=0
..., ( x)
( ).
x = (t + ) t = 0 : () = x / .
,1 ,2
( , ii).
x = +

x =
2

...

x = +

x =

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i)

0 2,
...: _0 < 2_
, 2
.

ii)

iii)

x > 0

( )

1 2

()

x < 0

( )

3 4

()

> 0

( )

1 4

()

> 0

( )

2 3

()

/2, 3/2 :

...

= /2

x = +

= 0

x = 0

= max

x =

= 0

=
= 3/2

iv)

() =
= x/A
>0
<0

1
2
(0,500)

3
2
(0,866)

2
2
(0,707)

/6

/4

/3

5/6

3/4

2/3

1
2
(0,500)

2
2
(0,707)

3
2
(0,866)

11/6

7/4

5/3

7/6

5/4

4/3

/2
(=0)

3/2
(=0)

1.

... x = 0,2(t + ) S.I.

t = 0 :

)
)

x = + 0,1m > 0 < 0

x = 0,1m > 0 < 0
():

t = 0 + 0,1 = 0,2() () = + 1/2 :

> 0 = /6

( 1)

< 0 = 5/6

( 2)

():

t=0 0,1 = 0,2() () = 1/2 :

> 0 = 11/6

( 4)

< 0 = 7/6

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( 3)

2.

... x = (t/3 + ) S.I.

t = 0 t = 2s
.. .
.
:

t = t/3

2/ = /3 = 6s. /4 = 1,5s /2 = 3s.

(t = 2s)
/4 /2. ( ):
:

t=0

x > 0

t1 = t /4 = 0,5s

> 0

x1 = + A

t2 = t = 2s
x2 = 0

2 < 0

..
(t1)

(to)

x
A

: t2 = t2/3 = 2/3 rad

: = 2/3 = /3 rad

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t2
(t2)

1-E.

x.
, (t) x(t). x(t) t
(t), .

, .. (x), F(x), (), .
x:

: _ + U = _ m2 + Dx2 = D2

= A2 x2

F = Dx F = m
= 2(t) x = (t) :
_ = 2x_

F:

U:

_F = Dx_
_ U = D x 2 _

: _ + U = _ = U
_ K = E D x 2 _
, x
. [
U() U(). ]
:

(
).

:
U; .
,
(x1 = x2),
(1 = 2),
(U1 = U2 1 = 2).

(. )
, ,
.
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:
m2 + Dx2 = D2 =

= 2x =
F = Dx D =
.

2
2
2
2
: = (max )
:

: = 2x _2 = 4x2

()_

: + U = m2 + m2x2 = m max2
_x2 = (max2 2) / 2

()_

() () : _2 = 2(max2 2)_

m=1kg k=100N/m
. d=0,2m t=0
. :
) .
) ( ).
) x, p ,
U .
) F=+12
;
[ 10r/s

/2

0,2m
2

x=0,2(10t+/2)m

[ U=2 (10t+/2)J

=2J

p=2(10t+/2)kgm/s ]

x=0,12m

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=1,6m/s ]

2.

(t),
(t = t2 t1),
( = t = t + ) ( = t)

2-A.

(, , .),
.
t + t ,
( 2)
, ..:
(t + ) = 0,5 t + = 2 + /6 t + = 2 + ( /6)
(t + ) = 0,5 t + = 2 + /3 t + = 2 /3
, ,
.
, , . ,
.
, , , t.

i)

:
, .
+ .
U
, ( )
, x = 0,707A).
x(t), (t), U(t), (t) .

ii)

t ( )
x1 x2, :
:
x1 = (t1 + ) t1 + = ...
x2 = (t2 + ) t2 + = ...
t1, t2 : t = t2 t1.

iii)

t,
, ,
:

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= (t2 + ) (t1 + ) = (t2 t1) = t : t = /

+ 0,866 >0
0,707 <0 11 / 24.

iv)

S ( )
, t, :

, S

, t

/4

/2

/2

/2

+
+ +
x x
x x

( )

v)

S1 S2
( )
t ( = t).
2s
. 4s . )
. ) , 10cm,
. ( .) [ 12s 10cm ]

1.

t=100s.
, :

) 50 .
) 50 +.
)

50 ( + ).
:

() N=25 = t / N = 4s.
() N=50 = t / N = 2s.
() N=25 = t / N = 4s.

2.

10

... x = 20(t) cm = 6s.

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) t to = 0
x = 10 cm 7 .

) ,
.
():

t
x = 10cm:

t
A

x
1

10 = 20(t)
(t) = -0,5
t = 2 /6 ()

t = 2 + 7/6 ()

() 4 ,
() 3 .
() > 0, () < 0.
, :

() t=2/6, (4 . **)

() t=2+7/6, (3 .)

=0

=1

(2 , >0)

t = 11/6

(1 , <0)

t = 7/6

t = 2 + 7/6 (3 , <0)

=2

t = 2 + 11/6 (4 , >0)

t = 4 + 7/6 (5 , <0)

=3

t = 4 + 11/6 (6 , >0)

t = 6 + 7/6 (7 , <0)

*
** () : t = 2 + 11/6, =0 :

() t = 2 + 11/6, (4 .)

() t=2+7/6, (3 .)

=0

t = 11/6

(2 )

t = 7/6

(1 )

=1

t = 2 + 11/6 (4 )

t = 2 + 7/6 (3 )

=2

t = 4 + 11/6 (6 )

t = 4 + 7/6 (5 )

=3

t = 6 + 7/6 (7 )

, t=6+7/6 (7 ):
t = 6 + 7/6 t = 43/6 (2/)t = 43/6 t = 43T/12

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11

: t = 21,5s.
: t = t to = 21,5s 0 t = 21,5s
():

x = 10cm ..,
. 2, 4 6 ( 3
), .

3.

... x = 20(t + 5/6) cm

x = +20cm t = 5s.

) .
)

S ( )
.

():

t1 = 0 ... :
x1 = 20(t1 + 5/6) cm x1 = 20(5/6) cm
x1 = +10cm (. ..).

(t2)
X2

(t1)
A

X1
5/6

t2
x = x2 = +20cm ( ) ,
, 2 + /2.
:
t2 + 5/6 = 2 + /2 t2 = 5/3 (2/)t2 = 5/3
: t2 = 5/6
t : t = t2 t1 = 5/6 0 t = 5/6
: = 6t/5 = 6s
: x2
:
x2 = 20(t2 + 5/6) cm +20 = 20(t2 + 5/6) (t2 + 5/6) = 1 :
t2 + 5/6 = 2 + /2 =1 : t2 + 5/6 = 2 + /2

():

t :
x1 = +10cm x = 0 x = 20cm x = 0 x2 = +20cm.
: S = (10+20+20+20)cm S = 70cm

12

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t2

=12s .
S .
[ 2s 4s ]

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13

2-.

( .)

, , tx , t = tx
: x1(tx) = x2(tx).
, ,
(
).
,
.

( !).
(
).
.
.

1.

, ,
x1 = A(t) x2 = (t + /2), =20cm =8s.
tx x
.
:

, .
. 2 /2
1, .
, 1 , 2 +:
2

1
/2

/2

14

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1
x1=x2
/2
tx

1, 2. 12
, (
/2)
.
12
( ).
1) :

tx

t = tx ,
:
x1 = x2 A(tx) = (tx + /2)
i) tx = tx + /2 () .

ii) tx = (tx + /2) ()

tx = /4 : _tx = /8 = 1s_
: x = A(tx) = 20(/4) cm _x = 14,1 cm_
, , (;)
2) :

( ), 12
12. :
tx = /4 .

12 ,
:
) 2 ;
) ,
. ;
[ 4s

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20 2cm ]

15

3.

3-.

x
+

0
T/4

T/2

T/4

T/2

3T/4

2T

2T

t
0

3T/4

+2

t
0

T/4

T/2

3T/4

2T

-2

U, K
E

t
0

T/4

/12
(/6)

T/2

3T/4

5/12
(5/6)

(, , ),
, (, max, )
.

t (t=/) (
). (
t), t=0 .

16

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/6 5/6.
:

i)

,
.

ii)

,
, (.. , max, ...)
.

iii)

U
( )
. , /2.
:
1 (2 t)
E E
U = (2 t)
U = 2(t) U =
2
2 2
( 2.)

iv)

, = t +
(
). ,

.

v)

=t+

=t

t
0

,
x1(t) x2(t) ,
, , .. 1 > 2, 1 < 2, .

m = 1kg x = 0,2(10t + 3/2) S.I.

x, , , U
t=0 t=/4.
[ 0,2m

20m/s2

[ 0

+2m/s

2J
0

0 ]

2J ]

,
. x, , U
,
.

[ x, ]

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17

x = (t) .
P P = (2t)
t.

18

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3-.

= A2 x2

( ;)

F :
_ = 2x_

_F = Dx_
F

: 2

: D

+D

U, :

U, K
E

_ U = D x 2 _
_ K = E D x 2 _
x

m = 2kg = 0,2m = 4J.

U .

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19

3-.

.
.
:
x
+

x
t.



.

T/4

T/2

3T/4

T/2
0

T/4

3T/4

[ dt = dx ]
-

F
+D

T/4

T/2

3T/4

-D
+

3T/4

P
+

T/4

3T/4
T/2

F

,
P
, t.

T/2
T/4

20

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[ Pdt = dW ]

:
+D

F
t.

T/4

T/2
3T/4

-D

[ Fdt = dp ]

T/2
0

3T/4

T/4

F
+D

F
x.

[ Fdx = dW ]

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21