karkMnt;smasPaBebtug

1-sBaaNTUeTA
karkMnt;smasPaBebtug KWCabBaasaMjaM edaysmasPaBEdl
kMnt;)anRtUvsmRsbnwg lkNepSgrbs;ebtugeBlRss;nig
eBlrwg. vaTak;TgeTAnwg
lkNneRKOgbgM
rbFatsM
rUbFatusNg
Ng;
viFIsagsg;
karcak;ebtug

2- lkNebtugRss;
ebtugRss;manlkN kgcMenam lkNCaeRcIneTot/ dUcteTA
kMritPaBrav
PaBesIsac;
GMNacbUm
M i Ig w
krteLgTk
PaBhab;
KMritbgab;/ brimaNxl;

3- lkNebtugrwg
ebtugrwgmanlkN kgcMenam lkNCaeRcIneTot/ dUcteTA
mas;
: ;maD
lkNemkanIk PaBFn;sgt;/ Taj/ kkit/ karTgic///
emKuNCMrab
virUbkm
PaBCab;yUrGEgVg Rbtikm suIlIkaGal;kalI/ kMnkkMe)ar/

kareRCIserIsyksmasPaBmYyEdl eqIynwglkNebtugRss; nig

rwgKWCa karBi)akEdlRtUveFVIsakl,geRcInsa.

4- eKalkarNsMrab;kMnt;smasPaBebtug
karkMnt;smasFatuebtug EtgeFVIedayKitfa PaBFn;KWCa bMNg
sMxan; ehIykMritPaBravKWCatMrUvkarsMxan;TI2. GkR)aCJ CaeRcIn
yl;RsbKafa PaBFn;ebtugGaRsynwgktadUcxag eRkam
PaBFn;rbs;suIm:g; rW KuNPaBsuIm:g;
pleFob
p o Ts
brimaNxl;

4- eKalkarNsMrab;kMnt;smasPaBebtug
edIm,IsMerceKaledATaMgenaH/ eyIgKUreKarBtamk,nxat
dUcxageRkam
kMnt;TuknUv brimaNsuIm:g;RKb;RKan;
erIsyksmasPaBxSac;nigRKYsEdlTamTarTwktic
RtUvkMnt;ykrebobbgab;smRsb

4-1 \TiBlnktanImYycMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
pleFob Ts
GacekIn eBlEdl brimaNsuIm:g;RtUvbegIn b:uEnvaCaviFIEdltMrUvcMnay
bEnm. m:ageTot/ kMenInsuIm:g;nwgbegInkarrIkrYmmaD.
karEfmTwk nwgnaMeGay Ts fycuHehIy PaBFn;fy
karbegIn TwwkniigsuIm:g;;edayrkSa Ts naMMeGaymankMMenIIn
l,ayTwksuIm:g; EdlvanwgbegIn karrIkrYmmaD eTaHCa PaBFn;minman
karekInxaMgkeday.

4-1 \TiBlnktanImYycMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
brimaNTwk
briimaNTwwkKYrykGbb,rma EdlGaceFV
E
I)an b::uEn TwwkKYrRKb;RKan;sMrab; Rbtiikm
m:ageTot/ bNaxSac;RKYsRtUvruMBTedayl,ayTwksuIm:g; edIm,IFana)an PaBbnSI/
PaBrmYt nig kMritPaBrav. RKYsFM EtgRtUvkarTwkepSImp eRcIn Cag RKYstUc
pkta
edIm,IbnybrimaNTwk dl;kMritGbb,rma/ eyIgRtUveRbIbrimaNRKYsFMnigmFm
dl; kMritGtib,rma.
m:ageTot/ pktam:as;rbs;RKYsbMEbbFMCag rbs;RKYsFmCati.

4-1 \TiBlnktanImYycMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
brimaNxl;
edIm,IbnyTMhMxl;/ viFIbgab;smRsbmYyKYreFVI ehIy viFIbgab;enH
GaRsynwgkMritravrbs;ebtug.
kalNaebtugrwg vaRtUvkarfamBlbgab;x<s;/ kareRbIfaMlayGacbny
famBlbgab;
famBlbg
ab srab
sMrab; Ts dUdcKa.
cKa.

4-1 \TiBlnktanImYycMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
GMNacsUn
kMritPaBravKWCa lTPaBebtugkgkarhUrrWral eBlebtugcak;cUlBum<.
kMritPaBrav GaRsydMbUgnwg brimaNTwk EdlkMnt;PaBxab;Gnwlrbs;
l,ayTwksuIm:g;.
esrPaB KWCalTPaBebtugEdlsitenAesIsac;CaniceTaHCakgeBl
dwkCBan/ cak;rWbgab;kgkarBum<. esrPaBkMnt;eday r)ayRKab;nwg
PaBxab;rbs;l,ayTwksuIm:g;. eyIgKYreRbI r)ayRKab;Cab; ehIy
RtUvkMnt;brimaNTwk EdlCaehtubNaleGayman kMriteLIgTwk.

4-2 RbkarKYrGnuvtcMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
bEnmelIkta\TiBl/ eyIgKYrRbtibtnUvsMnUmBrdUcxageRkam
kMnt;vimaRtGtib,rmarbs;RKYsEdlRtUvEtsmRsbnwg eRKOgbgMsMNg;
nig bNajsrsEdk.
KNnabrimaNGtib,rmarbs;RKYskgebtug. brimaNsmRsbKW
ERbRbll BIB 1000 eTA 1300 KRk kkgg 1m3 ebtu
ERbRbY
ebtgg tamThRKY
tamTMhMRKs.
s.
cenaHRbehagrbs;RKYskgebtugKYrRtUvbMeBjeday )ayG. smasPaB
)ayGRtUvkMnt;eday tMrUvkarPaBFn; nigedaytMrUvkarPaBCab;yUr.

4-2 RbkarKYrGnuvtcMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
m:ageTot
pleFob Ts sMrab;suIm:g;mYy GaRsynwg PaBFn;sgt;rbs;
eRKOgbgM.
edIm,ITTYl)annUv kMritCMrabGb,brma nig PaBCab;yUrsmRsb/ eyIgRtUv
eKarBtam tl
tMl Ts Gtbrma
Gtibrma ng
nig cnu
cMnHGb,brmarbs;
HGb,brmarbssusIm:g; Edl
TamTareday lkNbriyakasrbs;eRKOgbgM.

4-2 RbkarKYrGnuvtcMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
taragtMl Ts Gtib,rma nig cMnuHsuIm:g;Gb,brma
lkNbriyakas

Ts Gtib,rma

cMnuHsuIm:g;Gb,brma KRkm3

1/ st

0/65

260

2/esIm k-KankarkkTwk
x-RbQmnwgkarkkTwk
3/esIm/ karkkTwk nig GMbilrMlayTwk

0/60
0/55
0/50

280
280
300

4-2 RbkarKYrGnuvtcMeBaHsmasPaBebtug
taragtMl Ts Gtib,rma nig cMnuHsuIm:g;Gb,brma
lkNbriyakas
4/tMbn;smuRT k-KankMnkTwk
x-RbQmnwgkMnkTwk
5/ briyakasKMramKImI
k- exSay
x- mFm
K- xaMg

Ts Gtib,rma

cMnuHsuIm:g;Gb,brma KRkm3

0/55
0/50

300
300

0/55
0/50
0/45

280
300
300

5- smasPaBKMrUebtug
sMrab;RKYs 428/ ebtugmankMritPaBrav BI 50-95mm
smasFatu

KMrU300

KMrU350

KMrU400

RKYs 428 KRk

1270

1250

1220

xSac;FM KRk

620

600

600

susIm:g; KRk

300

350

400

Twk l

170

170

170

m:as;maDebtugRss; KRkm3

2360

2370

2390

5- smasPaBKMrUebtug
sMrab;RKYs 720/ ebtugmankMritPaBrav BI 50-95mm
smasFatu

KMrU300

KMrU350

KMrU400

RKYs 428 KRk

1180

1160

1140

xSac;FM KRk

705

690

680

susIm:g; KRk

300

350

400

Twk l

185

190

190

m:as;maDebtugRss; KRkm3

2370

2390

2410

6- smasPaBsmRbkbsMrab;ebtug
sBaaNTUeTA GkRsavRCavCaeRcIn)aneFVIkarsikSaRTwsInig
RsavRCavBiesaFn edm,rkvF
RsavRCavBesaFn
edIm,IrkviFI EdlGacknt
EdlGackMnt; nUnvsmasPaBsmRbkb
vsmasPaBsmRbkb
rbs;ebtug. Gk TaMgenaHman Fuller, Zurich, Bolomey,.... ExSekag
r)ayRKab;manBIrEbbKW r)ayRKab;nicl RKb;xSac;RKYs nig
r)ayRKab;srub RKb;RKYsnigsuIm:g;
r)ayRKabncl
r)ayRKab;nicl
d
y =100

Fuller:

D
d
y = 50 +
D

Zurich

6- smasPaBsmRbkbsMrab;ebtug
r)ayRKab;srub
Bolomey:

y = A + (100 A)

d
D

CatMlefrenAcenaHBI 10-15 ehIyGaRsynwg RbePTRKYs

FmCati rW bMEbk nigkMritPaBrav

7- ]TahrNsmasPaBsmRbkbsMrab;ebtug
KNnasmasPaBebtug edaydwgfaebtugeRbI
RKYs 428 nig xSac;FM.
edIm,I PaBCab;yUr/ eyIgeRbI suIm:g;350KRk/ Ts=0/50
ebtugRtUvmanPaBFn; 35mb (35MPa)
r)ayRKab;smRbkb
Fuller:

y =100

d
D

7- ]TahrNsmasPaBsmRbkbsMrab;ebtug
KNnasmasPaBebtug edaydwgfaebtugeRbI
Fuller:

y =100

d
D

yk D=31.5/ eyIgnwgsg;)annUvr)ayRKab;smRbkb.
KNnarkPaBrynxSac;nigRKss Cama:
Camas
s;
KNnarkPaBrynxSacngRKY

10

7-1/ karkMNt;rkPaKrynxSac;nigRKYssMrab;l,ay
r)ayRKab;/ PaBrynplErgRCuH

rUbFatu
0.08

0.125

0.25

0.5

7.1

10

14

20

28

35.3

0.4

1.1

13.8

58.1

84.3

91.7

97.2

100

100

100

100

100

100

RKYs 428

0.1

0.2

1.5

11

16.9

35.9

63.8

97.8

100

xSac;FM 35

0 14
0.14

0 39
0.39

4 83
4.83

20 34
20.34

29 5
29.5

32 1
32.1

34
34.

35
35.

35
35.

35
35.

35
35.

35
35.

35
35.

RKYs 65

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.07

0.13

0.98

7.15

11

23.34

41.47

63.6

65.

ExSekagl,ay

0.14

0.39

4.83

20.3

29.6

32.2

35.0

42.2

46

58.34

76.5

98.6

100

xSac;FM

7-2/ smasPaBsMrab;ebtug
KNnamaDsuIm:g;
KNnabrimaNTwk
xl;

C=

350
= 0,113 m 3
3100

E = (e / c) * C = 0,5 * 350 = 175 l

Air = 0,015 m 3

maDrbs;xSac;nigRKYs = 1 0,015 0,113 0,175 = 0,697 m

sntykxSac;RKYsmanm:as;maD = 2650 kg / m
m:as;rbs;xSac; = 0,35 * 0,697 * 2650 kg / m = 640 kg

m:as;rbs;RKYs

= 0,65 * 0,697 * 2650 kg / m 3 =1200 kg

11