B GIO DC V O TO

K THI KHU VC GII TON TRN MY TNH CM TAY

NM 2008

HNG DN CHM
THI CHNH THC

Mn: HA HC
Lp 12 cp THPT
Thi gian thi: 150 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
Ngy thi: 14/3/2008

(HDC gm 08 trang)

IM CA TON BI THI

Bng s

Cc gim kho
(H, tn v ch k)

S PHCH
(Do ch tch
Hi ng khu vc thi ghi )

Bng ch

Cu 1: Mi phn t XY3 c tng cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 196; trong , s ht

mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, s ht mang in ca X t hn s ht
mang in ca Y l 76.
a) Hy xc nh k hiu ho hc ca X,Y v XY3 .
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X,Y.
CCH GII

KT QU

a) K hiu s n v in tch ht nhn ca X l Zx , Y l Zy ;

s ntron (ht khng mang in) ca X l Nx , Y l Ny . Vi
XY3 , ta c cc phng trnh:
Tng s ba loi ht:
2 Zx + 6 Zy + Nx + 3 Ny = 196 (1)
2 Zx + 6 Zy Nx 3 Ny = 60 (2)
6 Zy 2 Zx
= 76 (3)
Cng (1) vi (2) v nhn (3) vi 2, ta c:
4 Zx + 12 Zy
= 256 (a)
Vy X l nhm,
12 Zy 4Zx
= 152 (b)
Y l clo.

Zy = 17 ;
Zx = 13.
XY3 l AlCl3
b) Cu hnh electron:
2
2
6
2
1
2
2
6
2
5
Al : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
;
Cl : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p

IM

2,0

2,0

1,0

01 of 08

Cu 2: Mt mu than ly t hang ng vng ni vi tnh Ha Bnh c 9,4 phn hy 14 C.

hy cho bit ngi Vit c i to ra mu than cch y bao nhiu nm? Bit chu k
bn hy ca 14 C l 5730 nm, trong kh quyn c 15,3 phn hy 14 C. Cc s phn hy ni
trn u tnh vi 1,0 gam cacbon, xy ra trong 1,0 giy.
CCH GII
Hng s phng x: k =

KT QU

IM

0,693
ln 2
=
5730
t1

2,0

1 N
5730 15,3
Nin i ca mu than t = ln 0
ln
k N t 0,693 9, 4
= 3989,32 (nm)
Ngi Vit c i to ra mu than cch y khong 4000
nm

4000 (nm)
3,0

Cu 3: Mt loi khong c cha 13,77%Na; 7,18%Mg; 57,48%O; 2,39%H v cn li l

nguyn t X v khi lng. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca khong .
CCH GII

KT QU

Hm lng %X = 100 13,77 7,18 57,48 2,39

= 19,18%
Cn bng s oxi ha trong hp cht:
13,77
7,18
57, 48
2,39
19,18
1
2
2
1
y = 0
23
24
16
1
X
X = 5,33y
Lp bng xt:
Y
X

1
5,33

2
3
10,66 ...

4
...

5
...

6
32

IM
1,0

2,0

thy ch c y = 6 l tha mn X = 32 S (lu hunh)

13,77 7,18 57, 48 2,39 19,18
Na : Mg : O : H : S =
:
:
:
:
23
24
16
1
32
= 2 : 1 : 12 : 8 : 2
Cng thc khong: Na2MgO12H8S2

Cng thc khong

Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O 2,0

02 of 08

Cu 4: Tinh th ng kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm din.

a) Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng ny
b) Tnh cnh lp phng a() ca mng tinh th, bit nguyn t Cu c bn knh bng 1,28
c) Xc nh khong cch gn nht gia hai nguyn t Cu trong mng
d) Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu theo g/cm3
CCH GII

KT QU

IM

a) Mng t bo c s ca Cu (hnh v)
A

1,0
C

Theo hnh v, s nguyn t Cu l

1
tm nh lp phng = 8 = 1
8
1
6 mt lp phng = 6 = 3
2
Vy tng s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng
= 1 + 3 = 4 (nguyn t)
b) Xt mt lp phng ABCD ta c: AC = a 2 = 4 rCu

4 rCu

1,0

4 1,28 A

3,63
2
2
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t l on AE:
AC a 2
AE =
= 2,55

2
2
d) + 1 mol Cu = 64 gam
+ Th tch ca 1 t bo c s = a3 cha 4 nguyn t Cu
+ 1 mol Cu c NA = 6,02 1023 nguyn t
64
m
Khi lng ring d =
=4
23
6,02 10 (3,63 108 )3
V
= 8,88 g/cm3
a=

4 (nguyn t)

a = 3,63

1,0

khong cch
= 2,55

1,0

Khi lng ring:

= 8,88 g/cm3

1,0

03 of 08

Cu 5: Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Ca 200C, bit ti nhit khi lng ring

ca Ca bng 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca c hnh cu, c c kht
l 74%.
CCH GII
40,08
Th tch ca 1 mol Ca =
= 25,858 cm3,
1,55

KT QU

IM

V = 25,858 cm3

1,0

V = 3,18 1023 cm3

2,0

r = 1,965 108 cm

2,0

mt mol Ca cha NA = 6,02 1023 nguyn t Ca

Theo c kht, th tch ca 1 nguyn t Fe =

25,858 0,74
6,02 1023

= 3,18 10

23

T V =

cm

4
r 3
3

Bn knh nguyn t Ca = r =

3V
=
4

3 3,18 1023
4 3,14

= 1,965 108 cm

Cu 6: Bit rng mono clobenzen c momen lng cc 1 = 1,53 D.

a) Hy tnh momen lng cc o ; m ; p ca ortho, meta, para diclobenzen.
b) o momen lng cc ca mt trong ba ng phn c = 1,53 D. Hi l dng no
ca diclobenzen?
CCH GII

KT QU

IM

clo c m in ln, 1 hng t nhn ra ngoi

1,0

ortho

para

meta

= 3
=
Cng vect s dng h thc lng trong tam gic

=0

a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos A
Dn xut ortho: o =

212 212 cos600 = 1 3

Dn xut meta: m =

212 212 cos1200 = 1

Dn xut para: p = 1 1 = 0
b) Theo u bi =1,53D = 1 l dn xut meta -diclobenzen

1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0

04 of 08

Cu 7: Tnh pH ca dung dch benzoatnatri C6H5COONa nng 2,0 105 M. Bit hng s

axit ca axit benzoic bng 6,29 105.

CCH GII

KT QU

IM

C6H5COONa Na + C6H5COO

C6H5COOH
C6H5COO + H+

Ka1

H+ + OH
H2O
Kw

T hp 2 phng trnh cho:

C6H5COOH + OH
C6H5COO + H2O

Ktp

Kw
1014
=
= 1,59 1010
5
Ka
6,29 10
Ktp = 1,59 1010
Do nng u ca C6H5COO nh; mt khc hng s ca qu
trnh khng ln hn nhiu so vi 1014 nn phi tnh n s
in li ca nc.

C6H5COOH + OH Ktp (1)

C6H5COO + H2O

1,0

H+ + OH
H2O
Kw (2)

Theo nh lut bo ton in tch: [OH ] = [C6H5COOH] + [H+]

hay [C6H5COOH] = [OH] [H+]
1014
= [OH]
OH

1,0

Ktp =

2,0 105 [OH]

1,0

thay vo biu thc hng s cn bng ca (1):

1014
OH
OH

C 6 H5COOH OH
OH
K=
=
C 6 H 5COO
C 6 H 5COO
K = 1,59 1010
2

OH 1014

= 1,59 1010
5

2 10 OH

[OH]2 + 1,59 1010[OH] 13,18 1015 = 0

[OH] = 1,148 107 pOH = lg(1,148 107) = 6,94
pH = 7,06

1,0

1,0

05 of 08


2NH3 (k) c Kp = 1,64 104.
Cu 8: Ti 4000C, P = 10atm phn ng N2(k) + 3H2(k)

Tm % th tch NH3 trng thi cn bng, gi thit lc u N2(k) v H2(k) c t l s mol theo
ng h s ca phng trnh
CCH GII

KT QU

IM

2NH3 (k)
N2(k) + 3H2(k)

PN
nN
1
2
Theo PTHH:
2
PH
nH
3
2

Theo gt: P NH3 + P N 2 + P H 2 = 10

P NH3 + 4P N 2 = 10
V Ta c: Kp =

(PNH )2
3

(PN )(PH )
2

PNH

(PN )2

P NH + 4P N = 10

(1)

(PNH3 )2
3

(PN2 )(3PN2 )

= 1,64 104

6,6510 .

PNH

(PN )

6,65102

1,0

Thay vo (1) c:
6,65 102(P N )2 + 4P N 10 = 0
2

1,0

1,0

P N 2 = 2,404 v P N 2 = 62,55 < 0

1,0

Vy, P N = 2,404
2

P NH = 10 4P N = 0,384 atm chim 3,84%

3

3,84%

1,0

06 of 08

Cu 9: Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc, mch thng, to thnh t cng mt ru B vi 3 axit

hu c, trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no cha mt lin

kt i. X phng ho hon ton 14,7 gam A bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui
v p gam ru B. Cho p gam ru B vo bnh ng natri d, sau phn ng c 2,24 lt kh
thot ra v khi lng bnh ng natri tng 6,2 gam. Mt khc t chy hon ton 14,7 gam
A, thu c 13,44 lt CO2 v 9,9 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca tng este trong
A. (Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun).
CCH GII
Xc nh ru B: v este n chc nn ru B n chc
1
R OH + Na R ONa +
H2
2
0,2
0,1 mol
tng KL = KL (R O) = 6,2 g
6,2
KL mol (R O) =
= 31 R + 16 = 31
0,2
R = 15 l CH3 Ru B: CH3OH

KT QU

IM

1,0

Cng thc ca 2 este no l: C n H 2n 1 COOCH3

s mol = x
Cng thc ca este cha no l CmH2m1COOCH3
s mol = y
3n 4
O2 ( n + 2) CO2 + ( n + 2) H2O
2
x
( n + 2) x
( n + 2) x
3m 3
CmH2m1COOCH3 +
O2 (m + 2) CO2 + (m + 1) H2O
2
y
(m + 2) y
(m + 1) y

C n H 2n 1 COOCH3 +

ta c h pt:

x + y = 0,2
( n + 2) x + (m + 2) y = 0,6
( n + 2) x + (m + 1) y = 0,55

(1)
(2)
(3)

Gii h pt cho x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 v 3 n + m = 4

Do n 0 v m 2 nn 2 m 3
bi ton c 2 nghim m = 2 v m = 3
2
Vi m = 2 n = ng vi nghim CH2=CH-COOCH3
3
v HCOOCH3 ; CH3COOCH3
1
Vi m = 3 n = ng vi nghim C3H5-COOCH3
3
v HCOOCH3 ; CH3COOCH3

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

07 of 08

Cu 10: Nitrosyl clorua l mt cht rt c, khi un nng s phn hu thnh nit monoxit v

clo.
a) Hy vit phng trnh cho phn ng ny
b) Tnh Kp ca phn ng 298K(theo atm v theo Pa).
H 0298 (kJ/mol)
S 0298 (J/K.mol)

Nitrosyl clorua
51,71

Nit monoxit
90,25

Cl2
?

264

211

223

c) Tnh gn ng Kp ca phn ng 475K

CCH GII

KT QU

IM

2NO + Cl2.
a) 2NOCl

b) Hng s cn bng nhit ng lc hc c tnh theo phng

trnh G = RTlnK
Trong G = H T. S
H = [(2 90,25. 103) + 0 (2 51,71. 103 ) = 77080 J/mol

1,0

S = [(2 211) + 233 (2 264)

= 117 J/mol
G = 77080 298 117
= 42214 J/mol
42214
v ln K =
= 17
8,314 298
8
3
Kp = 3,98. 10 atm v Kp = 4,04. 10 Pa
c) Tnh gn ng:
Kp (T2 ) H 1 1
ln
=

R T1 T2
Kp (T1 )

1,0

77080 1
1

+ lnKp(298)
8,314 298 475
ln Kp (475) = 5,545
Kp = 4,32. 10 3 atm hay Kp = 437Pa

1,0

1,0

lnKp(475K) =

* Hng s phng x: k =

ln 2
t1
2

t=

1,0

1 N0
ln
k Nt

K P (T1 ) H 1 1

K P (T2 ) RT T2 T1
* Cc nguyn t khi: Fe = 55,85; Ca = 40,08; Al = 27; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Cu = 64;
Cl = 35,5; S = 32; O = 16; C = 12; H = 1
* Hng s kh: R = 8,314 J.K-1.mol-1; p = 1atm = 1,013. 105 Pa ; NA = 6,022. 1023
* G = H TS ; G = RTlnK v ln

08 of 08