The sum of the processes by which

humans, animals, and

plants
consume
and
use
food
is
NUTRITION.

Food supplies your body with nutrients, substances in

food that helps with body processes (regulate bodily
functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and
obtain energy).
There are six classes of nutrients: carbohydrates,
fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used by the
body as sources of energy.

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The foods you eat are your bodys energy source.

You need energy to maintain your body temperature,

keep your heart beating, and enable you to
understand what you read.

FUEL FOR YOUR BODY

When your body uses the nutrients in foods, a series
of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a
result, energy is released.
Metabolism is the chemical process by which your
body breaks down food to release as energy.
Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for
growth and repair of body tissue.

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WHAT ARE CALORIES?

The amount of energy released when nutrients are
broken down is measured in units called CALORIES.
The more calories a food has, the more energy it
contains.

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Slide 7 of 35

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Carbohydrates are nutrients

hydrogen, and oxygen.

made

of

carbon,

Carbohydrates supply energy for your body s

functions.
A nutrient that is the main source of energy for the
body is a CARBOHYDRATE.

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SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES
Simple carbohydrates are SUGARS that enter the
bloodstream rapidly and provide quick energy.
Simple carbs provide calories but few vitamins
and minerals.

Complex Carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates are made up of sugars that
are linked together chemically to FORM LONG
CHAINS.
Starch a food substance that is made and stored
in most plants
Provide long-lasting energy

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Simple Carbs

Complex Carbs

- Fruits

-Grains (bread & pasta)

- Honey

-Vegetables (potatoes & beans)

- Milk

-Rice

- Sugars added to cookies,

-Cereals

candies, soft drinks

-Wheat
-Tortillas
-Whole-wheat rolls

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Complex Carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates are made up of sugars that
are linked together chemically to FORM LONG
CHAINS.
Fiber
1. Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is
found in plants.

2. A high-fiber diet
helps prevent constipation
may reduce the risk of colon cancer
may help prevent heart disease
3. The part of grains and plant foods that cannot be
digested is called fiber.

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FIBER
Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found
in plants.
A high-fiber diet
helps prevent constipation
may reduce the risk of colon cancer
may help prevent heart disease
The part of grains and plant foods that cannot be
digested is called fiber.

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Insoluble

Soluble

Binds with water to help

Eating

produce
movements
constipation).

bowel
(prevent

Associated with reduced

foods
with
soluble fiber reduces
your blood cholesterol
level and your risk of
developing
heart
disease.

risk of colon cancer.

Good

sources: wheat
products,
leafy
vegetables, and fruits.

Good

sources: wheat,
bran, barley, rye, oats,
whole
grain
pasta,breads, cereals
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FIBER

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YOUR BODYS ENERGY RESERVES

At a meal, you usually eat more carbohydrates than
your body can immediately use.
The extra glucose is converted into a type of starch
called glycogen.
Glycogen is stored in the muscles and when you
need energy, it is converted to glucose.

If you eat so many carbohydrates that the bodys

glycogen stores are full, then the excess
carbohydrates are stored as FAT INSTEAD.
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DAILY CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE

Nutritionists recommend that 45-65% of a persons
daily calorie intake come from carbohydrates.
It is better to eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates
rather than simple carbohydrates.

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 Carmelization
Heating of sugars above melting point
Maillard Reaction
Involves carbohydrate
Carbonyl group of sugar combines with amino group
of a protein with removal of water. After additional
reactions brown pigments are formed
i.e. browning of bread during baking