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Buckling Strength of Thin Cylindrical Shells Under Localized Axial Compression PDF
Buckling Strength of Thin Cylindrical Shells Under Localized Axial Compression PDF
EM
2002
In addition, the buckling strength of a thin cylindrical shell under axial compression is known
to be very sensitive to geometric imperfections in the wall (Yamaki, 1984; Calladine, 1995). One
of the most detrimental and well-defined imperfections is a local depression due to the rolling
process of the steel plate and/or shrinkage of the weld (Bornscheuer, Hfner and Ramm, 1983;
Rotter and Teng, 1989; Teng and Rotter, 1992; Holst et al., 1999; Holst et al., 2000). A local
axisymmetric inward imperfection (Rotter and Teng, 1989) at the shell mid-height was therefore
used in the present study.
MODEL
The cylindrical shell under investigation has a height H = 30 m, radius R = 5 m, and thickness
t = 10 mm, which gives R/t = 500 and H/R = 6. The top and bottom boundaries of the shell are
held circular (S3) (Yamaki, 1984). However, since in this case the cylinder is long, the influence of
the edge boundaries is marginal. Fig.1 details the extent of the applied axial compression strip and
the cylindrical coordinate system.
z (u)
t
R
n
H/2
H/ 2
H
Weld depression
Local axial
)
(v
r ( w)
buckling
Half width of
strip load
Half height of
imperfection
(H/2)
l 0 / 4 .
Half circumference
cl = E
t
3(1 2 ) R
0.605 E
t
R
(1)
LOAD-DISPLACEMENT CURVES
Load-displacement curves are shown in Fig. 4 for a strip of circumferential extent 2n = 20o.
Curves for several different amplitudes of the imperfection are shown. Initially, the behavior is
linear but at a larger load and for a larger imperfection the behavior becomes moderately nonlinear
before the buckling load is reached. For the perfect shell the buckling load lies slightly above that
predicted by the classical theory. As the imperfection amplitude is increased, the buckling loads
gradually decreases. For larger imperfections a post buckling plateau is reached at = 0.55.
Cylin
(Sim
drica
ply s
l s he
uppo
ll circ
rted (
umfe
S3 ) b
rence
ound
a ry c
ondit
ion)
)
ht ion
eig ndit
h
o
ll
he y c
l s dar
a
n
c
i
ou
dr
lin c b
Cy etri
m
ym
(S
0,cr
n,cr
Cylin
0
drica
l she
(Sym
ll circ
metric
umfe
boun
rence
dary
cond
ition)
0,cr
n,cr
1.1
o
R/t=500,
n=10
0/t
0.9
0
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
4
6
8
10
Dimensionless radial displacement (w/t )
12
14
The axial membrane stress derived from shell membrane theory is compared in Fig. 3 with the
stress pattern from a finite element analysis, which incorporates bending effects. The maximum
axial membrane theory stress (at the mid-plane) is used to define the applied load and is termed the
nominal stress n here. At buckling, this nominal stress reaches the value n,cr. The stresses in
Fig. 3 are shown at the instant of buckling and it is clear that bending effects cause a significant
smoothing of the applied stress pattern.
BUCKLING MODES
Fig. 5 shows the deformed geometry of the shell in the post-buckling regime. For the case
discussed above (R/t=500, n=10o) a buckle has formed at the mid-plane of the shell and at the
center of the strip of load. This is defined by the term Strip center buckle. If however a wider
strip of load is applied, a completely different buckling mode is obtained. Thus for the case with
R/t=500 and n=45o the buckle occurs close to the strip edge and this mode is designated Strip
edge buckle.
50
analysis (GNA). The stress distribution according to membrane theory is shown for comparison.
It is clear that the effect of non-linearity is small in this case and this result is found in all other
cases considered also.
45
90
135
Circumferential coordinate =(in degrees)
180
REFERENCES
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Cai, M.J., Holst, J.M.F.G. and Rotter, J.M. (2002) Prediction of shell buckling strength under
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APPENDIX I. NOTATION
A.1 Symbols
E
Young's modulus of elasticity for cylinder
h
half height of strip load
H
length of total modelled cylinder
r
radial coordinate
R
middle surface radius of cylindrical shell
t
shell thickness
u
axial displacement component
v
circumferential displacement component
w
radial displacement component
z
axial coordinate with origin at mid-plane of cylinder
cr
dimensionless critical membrane stress = (n,cr / cl)
circumferential coordinate
half angle of strip load
n
Poisson's ratio
stress
A.2 Subscripts
cr
critical
cl
classical
n
nominal