Intrumentation

UNIT 1
Errors- Accuracy of measurement, accuracy, precision and repeatability, classification of errors,
normal law of error, standard deviation and probable error.
Laboratory standard- Standard of voltage, current resistance, inductance and their construction,
frequency errors in components residuals.
Unit -2
Advance treatment of bridge Bridge sensitivity, shielding, shielding of bridges, mutual inductance
bridges, ratio arm bridges, Tan delta measurement in transformer oil, wagner-earthing device.
Power system measurement- Resistivity of soil, design of ground and earth electrodes for AC and DC
(neutral and sub-station earthing), Types of faults in underground cable, Murray domain loop test,
Varley loop test, time domain reflectometer.
Unit-3
CRO- Deflection sensitivity of CRT, extension of frequency range, various types of oscilloscope, basic
principles of digital storage oscilloscope and application, types of sweep, advantages of pre-trigger,
compensation of probes, analog and digital measurement and their advantages and limitations,
accuracy, electronic instruments for voltage measurement, digital measurement of electrical
quantity V, I, VAR ,PF etc.
UNIT-4
Photometric measurement- Units, measurement of MHCP, MVCP, MSCP, integrating sphere.
Data acquisition system- Analog to digital & Digital to Analog conversion signal, conditioning,
instrumentation amplifier.
UNIT-5
Measurement of weight, displacement, torque, velocity using strain gauge measurement of
temperature using RTD, thermocouple, and thermistor. Study of LVDT, pyrometer and capacitor
transducer.