© Passor Econ, pubshng os Farsen Prt Hal. lights send Name Chapter 11 + A Text Reference Section 11.3 _ PRECIPITATION REACTIONS Date Class Chemical Reactions EXPERIMENT PURPOSE ‘To determine which combinations of ions form water-insoluble BACKGROUND Iwo colorless solutions, cadmium chloride (CACI,) and potassium suifide (K,S), are poured together. As the solutions mix, a bright yellow solid forms. This insoluble compound, cadmium sulfide (Cas), was once used as a yellow pigment for oil paint. The paint was called cadmium yell ‘An insoluble substance that “falls out" precipitate. The formation of p ofien less dramatic. For example, the scum that forms a ring around the ‘bathtub is in part, a precipitate formed by the reaction of calcium ions in the bathwater with soap ions. Whenever you mix solutions containing ions, you may obtain new combinations of ions. If one or more of these new ion combinations happens to be insoluble in water. it falls out of the solution asa precipitate, Inthis experiment, you will mix pairs of six different ionic soluti all possible combinations to determine which pairs result in preci formation, Based upon your results, you will infer what reactions have ‘occurred and write complete and net ionic equations for each reaction that has taken place, MATERIALS (PER PAIR) safety goggles plastic wash bottle spot plate or 15 small test tubes 6 dropper pipets sass stirring rod distilled water Set1 0.1Mbarium nitrate, Ba(NO,) O.1M sodium sulfate, No,SO,0.1M magnesium chloride, 0.1Maluminum sulfate, MgCl, alyso,); E]E] 0.1M aluminum chloride, 0.1M magnesium nitrate, ‘atc, EC) MetNO3, Set2 0.1M potassium chloride, KCI 0.2M sodium hydroxide, O.1M magnesium chloride, NaOH MgCl, o.1M barium chloride, Bach, (LE) 0.LM sodium sulfate, Na,SO, 0.1. magnesium sulfate, MgSO, Experiment 17 Precipitation Reactions. 109OM magnesium nica, MatNO4) 02M sodium chromate, Ne,ci0, 7] SAFETY FIRST! In this lab, the solutions you use may contain hermfual materials. Never touch any of the chemicals. In the event of a spill, inform your teacher immediately. Observe all precautions, especially the ones listed below. If ‘you see a safety icon beside astep in the Procedure, refer tothe list below for its meaning, ‘Caution: Wear your safety goggles. (All steps) BY _Cautln: Potassium chromate, sodium chromate, and sodium hydroxide are toxic, corrosive substances that can cause severe skin and eye injury. (Steps 1, 2.) Caution: Aluminum chloride is an irritant, Avoid skin contact, Caution: Silver and barium compounds are poisonous. Silver nitrate will stain skin and dothing, Avoid contact with these chemicals and wash your hands thoroughly after use. GQ) EE repre ofall mata scoring the instructions of your teacher. (Step 3.) (Rig Note: Wash your hands thoroughly after competing his experiment, PROCEDURES ‘As you perform this experiment, record your observations in DataTable 1. 1, Obtaina spot plate and a set of chemicals in dropper bottles. (The tests may be done in small test tubes.) 2. Using Data Table 1 as a guide, mix every possible pair of solutions in a set in a separate spot plate depression or test tube. Use two drops of each solution. Do not contaminate the individual droppers with different solutions. Mix the solutions \with a stirring rod. Rinse the rod with distilled water after each mixing. Observe each mixture carefully for signs of a precipitate. (Some precipitates are light in color and hard to see.) Note the color of any precipitate formed. Record the results in Data Table 1 Bey etre ese tre oe oper pon of the materials. V0 Chemistry Laboratory Manual ‘ya 8064 9 youn sfuty Pu ona coy Boyd”‘© Peason Edo, la, ubtingos Fase Pats Hal. Al ight esened. Name Date Class OBSERVATIONS DATA TABLE 1: MIXING PAIRS OF IONIC SOLUTIONS TO TEST FOR PRECIPITATE FORMATION Solution A Solution B Results of Mixing A and B | setts 1 Ba(Noy, 2_NaSOy [Bano 3 AL (S09) TBaNO}), 4 MgiNO3) T BatNO3)s 5 MgC, T BatNO3) -AIch, 2 Na,S0y T ALSO, ZNa,S0, a MaiXO,) 7 Nas0, 5 MgC, 2 NasO, AIC, | 3 ALGO) a MgtNODs ‘3AL(S0, 3M Hratsos: —|—e ae 1 MNO: ‘5 MgCl 4 Mg 6 AICI SNe each Set2: 1 KCL 2 MgQ, T KCI 3Na,SO, T KCL 4 NaOH, T KCL 5 Bac, 1 KCI 6 — 2 Mgd, 3 Na,S0, 2-Mgd, | 4 Nal om 3 Bach, Gwe MgSO, SNaS0, @NaOH, 3Na,S0, 3_BaCh, 3-Na,50, 8 MgSO, Nar, 3 Bac, a Naolt 6 MgSO, 3 BaG, MgSO, Set3: 1 Ba 2 MgiNO)), T bah S_Na,CO, Thad, 4 ALIS) 1 Bad, B_KCIO, Tad, AgNO, 2 MgNOD; 3 Na,CrOy Z MgINOy 4 ALGO,)y = MgNO}). 5 KCO, 7 MgiNO,); 6 AgNO, 3 Na,Cr0, 4 A809, 3 Na,cr0, 5_K.C0, 3 Na,Cr0, 5 ARNO, ALGO): 3_KCiOy ~ ~ 4 AL,60)), 6 AgNO; 5 Kcr, ‘6 AgNO, Experiment 17 Precpitation Reoctions 111Name Date Class ANALYSES AND CONCLUSIONS 1. For each combination of solutions that gave a precipitate, write correct formulas for the two new compounds that could form from the ions present, (Remember to balance the ionic charges!) Entor these formulas in Data Table 2. DATA TABLE 2: PRECIPITATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS | Solution Pais Yielding Formulas of Possible Precipitates Precipitates (Circle Choice) Reason for Choice Set Set 2: Set 3: 112. chemistry Laboratory Manual jos On ny as UO SNE(© Peoson dain, psig as Porson Pic Ho rigs ree, Name Date Class 2. For those combinations that produced a precipitate, decide which of the nwo new compounds is the precipitate by eliminating the other. Remember that all compounds in your sets are soluble, so they cannot be precipitates in any of the reactions. Also, a combination of ions will either always form a precipitate or never form one. Circle the formula of each compound you believe to be a precipitate, and record the reasons for your choices in Data Table 2. 8. Write complete ionic equations forthe precipitation reactions that you observed. ‘Show the reactants as ions, the precipitate as a solid, and the spectator ions as unchanged. Balance each equation for mass and charge. The total charge should be zero on each side of the equation. 4. Write the net ionic equations for each reaction in the preceding question. Experiment 17 Preciptation Reactions 113Name Date Class '5. What is the function of spectator ions in a precipitation reaction? 6. Explain in your own words why a precipitate forms. 7. How does a complete tonic equation differ from a net ionic equation? GOING FURTHER Develop a Hypothesis ‘Suppose you are given three different solutions containing Na,PO,, Ba(NO,);, and K,CO,, respectively. Based on the results of this lab, hypothesize about which combinations of these solutions will produce insoluble precipitates. (Hint: Use your observations of the behavior of the compounds studied in this lab to develop general statements about the solubility of ionic compounds containing Na*, Ba**, K*, NO; and CO,*~) 114. Chemistry Laboratory Manual yous efi yt sey Ba DALE(© Peas doin, pushing os Posen Pet Ha lis reed Name Date Class Design an Experiment Propose an experiment totest your hypothesis, Ifresources are availableand youhave ‘your teacher's permission, perform the experiment. Experiment 17 Preciptation Reactions 115