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دليل تصميـــم الجســــــور
دليل تصميـــم الجســــــور
دليل تصميـــم الجســــــور
.
.
.
.
.
.
2 :
:
2 1 .
2 2 .
2 3 ) ( .
2 4 .
2 5 .
:
.
.
.
.
3 :
3 1 :
:
3 1 1 .
3 1 2 .
3 1 3 :
3-1-3-1 .
3-1-3-2 .
*)
( .
3-1-4 :
3-1-4-1 ) (
3-1-4-1-1 ) 2.40
( 3.60 1.80 .
3-1-4-1-2 .
3-1-4-1-3 1.20 1.80 1.00
3-1-4-1-4 1.80 2.60
1.80 0.60 .
3-1-4-1-5 ) ( Through Traffic
1.80 1.40 .
3-1-4-1-6 1.80
1.40
.
3-1-4-1-7
2.40 3.00 .
3-1-4-1-8 ) (
).(2-3
3-1-4-2 ) (
15 75 .
.
3-1-4-2-1
Parapet 0.75 .
3-1-4-2-2 ) 75 (
0.75
1.45 .
3-1-4-2-3 30 .
3-1-4-2-4
.
3-1-4-2-5 ) (
0.75
0.5 .
3-1-4-2-6
.
) . ( 3 - 3
3-2 :
:
3-2-1 .
3-2-2
.
.
3-2-3 :
3-2-3-1 )
( 5.00
.
3-2-3-2 10
.
3-2-3-3
4.20 3.75
. ) ( Clearance ) . ( 1-3
*
4
1 4
1 1 4 .
2 1 4 .
3 1 4 .
4 1 4 [ ] .
5 1 4 .
2 4 ) (1- 4 ).(2-4
1 2 4 .
1 1 2 4 .
2 1 2 4 .
3 1 2 4 .
4 1 2 4 .
2 2 4 ) ( 3 4 ) 4 . ( 4
-1 2 2 4 .
2 2 2 4 .
3 2 2 4 ) ( 7 4
3 2 4 . ) ( 7 4
1 3 2 4 .
2 3 2 4 [ ] . ) ( 5 4
3 3 2 4 [ ] )(6 4
4 3 :
3 -4 1 [ . ] DECK Straight Bridge
4 3 2 [ . ] DECK Skew Bridge
4 3 3 [ . ] THROUGH Straight Bridge
4 3 4 [ . ] THROUGH Skew Bridge
4 4
4 4 1 :
Slump Test .
4 4 2 :
Cable Tendom
.
.
.
4 4 3 :
.
.
:
:
.
: 5
2 .
5
4 4 4
.
. .
. 3 1 5
4 4 5
4 4 5 1
.
.
.
4 4 5 2
.
.
4 4 5 3
) ( Soft Timber
( ( Hard Timber
.
4 4 5 4
.
.
5 :
5 1 :
.
.
5 2 :
5-2-1 :
5-2-1-1 .
5-2-1-2 ) .. ( .
5-2-1-3 .
5-2-1-4 .
5-2-2 :
5-2-2-1 .
5-2-2-2 .
5-2-2-3 ) ...( .
5-2-2-4 .
5-2-2-5 .
5-2-3 :
5-2-3-1 :
5-2-3-1-1 .
5-2-3-1-2 .
5-2-3-1-3 .
5-2-3-1-4 .
5-2-3-2 .
5-2-3-2-1 .
5-2-4 :
5-2-4-1 .
5-2-4-2 .
5-2-5 :
5-2-5-1 .
5-2-5-2 .
5-2-5-3 .
5-2-5-4 .
5-2-6 :
5-2-6-1 .
5-2-6-2 .
5-2-6-3 .
5-2-6-4 ) ... ( .
5-2-6-5 .
5-2-6-6 .
5-2-7 :
)
(
.
5-2-8 :
:
5-2-8-1 .
5-2-8-2 )
(.
5-2-9 :
DEPTH SPAN
RATIO
) ( ACI COMMITTEE - 343
..
5-2-9-1 Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridge
5-2-9-1-1 :
(1/15) ....
20/ 1 1/24
) 5 14 (
45 .
5-2-9-4-2 :
.
.
.
5-2-9-4-3 :
.
5-2-9-5
Precast Pretensioned Bridge
5-2-9-5-1 :
) 1/25 ( 1/33
) 6 10 ( .
) 10 25 ( .
5-2-9-5-2 :
.
.
5-2-9-5-3 :
) (Bearings .
5-2-9-6
5-2-9-6-1 :
) . ( 0.045
) . ( 0.040
) 25 30 (
5-2-9-6-2 :
.
T
.
5-2-9-6-3 :
.
5 2 9 7 ) T I
( .
PRESTRESSED PRECAST T AND I GIRDERS AND BOX SHAPED BRIDGES
) 5 . ( 4
5-2-9-7-1 :
) 9.0 50.0 ( .
.
) . ( 0.055
) . ( 0.050
5-2-9-7-2 :
.
.
.
.
5-2-9-7-3 :
.
5-2-10 :
ACI COMMITTEE 343
5-2-10-1 :
) ( L ) 5 ( 5
:
S ( 1/3 - 1/2 ) = L
= S .
= L
5-2-10-2 : ) 5 . ( 5
) . ( S
.
) ( T
2.10 3.30
2.40 4.80
) ( I
2.10 3.70
1.80 2.70
5-2-10-3 : ) 5 ( 5
)
( .
16.00
1.80
16.50
2.10
18.00
2.40
19.00
2.70
20.00
3.00
20.50
3.40
21.50
3.70
22.00
4.00
23.00
4.30
25.00
4.60
10
25.50
4.90
11
:
2.50 .
5.00 .
5-2-10-4 : ) 5 ( 5
B 30.00 ) (8 .
.
30.00 .
) ( H2 ) ( 1/16
) ( H 14 .
) (H2
.
BW 20
.
1.00 60
.
5-2-11 :
: ) ( Abutments
) . ( Piers
5-2-11 1 : ABUTMENTS
5-2-11-1-1 :
.
5-2-11-1-1-1 : OPEN END ABUTMENTS
) 5 ( 6
:
a - DIAPHRAGM TYPE
b - SEAT TYPE
5-2-11-1-1-2 : CLOSED END ABUTMENTS
) 5 ( 7
:
a - CANTILEVER TYPE
b - STRUITED TYPE
c - RIGID PORTAL FRAME TYPE
d - CELLULAR TYPE
e - GRAVITY OR SORIAL TYPE
5-2-11-1-2 :
:
1 ) ( .
2 .
3 .
2 -5-2-11 : Piers
5-2-11-2-1 :
0.75 1.00
1.00 1.25
1.25 1.50
1.50 2.00
2.00
2.50
5-2-11-2-2 :
) 5 ( 8
1 .
2 .
3 ) ( .
4 .
5 .
.
:
:
) 5 9
.(1
) ( :
:
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 ).( 2-9-5
) ( :
) 5 9 . ( 3
) ( ) ( :
.
) 5 9 . ( 4
) ( DIAPHRAGM TYPE
90.00
.
5-2-12 :
) (
.
.
:
1 -5-2-12 .
)
( .
5-2-12-2 .
) ( ) 1.0/
(2
) 5 5 10 ( 11 :
5-2-12-2-1 )
( .
5-2-12-2-2 )
( .
5-2-12 2 2 1 ) ( .
5-2-12 2 2 2 ) ( .
5-2-12-2 2 3 ) H . ( I
5-2-12-2 3 .
) ) 5
5 12 ( 13 :
5-2-12-2 3 1 .
5-2-12-2 3 2 .
5-2-12-2 3 3 .
5-2-12-2 3 4 .
-6 :
1 - 6 :
6-1-1 Dead Loads
6-1-1-1 ) ...( .
6-1-1-2 )
... ( .
6-1-2 Construction , Handling & Erection Loads
:
6-1-2-1 .
6-1-2-2 .
6-1-2-3 .
6-1-3 Deformation Effects
+ 4.44
1.1
+ 7.22
+ 1.66
+ 3.22
+ 7.22
6.67
6-1-3-4-4 .
6-1-3-4-5 .
6-1-3-5
6-1-3-5-1
.
6-1-3-5-2 .
6-1-3-6
6-1-3-6-1 .
6-1-4
:
6-1-4-1 ) ( KN 600
)( 1 - 6
6-1-4-2 32 ) (2 - 6
6-1-4-3 ) . ( 3 - 6
6-1-4-3-1 2 / .
6-1-4-3-2 15.3 22.43 .
6-1-4-4 .
6-1-4-5 ) (
) 3.65
( 0.83
.
.
:
- 1
.
Max. Shear (A) = P1h1 + P2h2 + P3h3
2
: :
:
Required Strength
++Loads
U = 1.4D + 1.7L
Impact (I)***
U = 1.4D + 1.7L
Dead, Live and Effects from Differential Settlement,
(i) U = 0.75 (1.4D + 1.4T + 1.7L)
Creep, Shrinkage, Expansion of Shrinkage(ii) U = 1.4 (D + T)
Compensating Concrete, or Temperature (T)
Where D or L reduces F
D, L, W, E, H, F, and T represent the designated service loads or their ++
.corresponding effects such as moments, shears, axial forces, torsion, etc
Weight and pressure of soil and water in soil. (Groundwater pressure is to be *
considered part of earth pressure with a 1.7 load factor)
Weight and pressure of fluids with well-defined densities and controllable **
.maximum heights
11 - 4 1 6
( ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN)
( ONE WAY SLAB )
: ( TWO WAY SLAB )
a = short span
b = long span
`r = b` / a
mb/ma=
: m
Fixed - Fixed
Hinged - Fixed
Hinged Hinged
Type of Supports
0.76
0.87
where: r > 1
if r > 2 one way slab
if r < 2 two way slab
:
: - 1
.
: - 2
:
and values for solid slabs
casted monolithically with beams ( = 0.35/r2)
2.00
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
.85
.80
.75
.70
.65
.60
.55
.50
.45
.40
.35
.08
.09
.11
.12
.14
.16
.18
.21
.25
.29
.35
2.00
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.00
.849
.830
.806
.778
.746
.706
.660
.606
.543
.473
.396
.053
.063
.077
.093
.113
.140
.172
.212
.262
.333
.396
2.00
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.00
.914
.928
.914
.893
.867
.834
.797
.742
.672
.595
.500
.059
.072
.086
.107
.133
.166
.203
.258
.328
.405
.500
:
`b` / a 1.5 < ( O . W. S )
`b` / a 1.5 > ( T . W. S )
:
( ONE WAY SLAB ) - 1
For : t1 = breadth of load perpendicular to the main steel
t2 = breadth of load parallel to the main steel
c = thickness of cohesive flooring
t = slab thickness
S1 = initial breadth for load distribution perpendicular to the main steel
S2 = initial breadth for load distribution parallel to the main steel
Then : S1 = t1 + 2c + t
S2 = t2 + 2c + t
6-1-5-3 W = Ce CW Q :
= CW :
) (CW ) (CW
1.20 1.90
0.10 0.30
1.60 1.80
0.10 0.50
2.40 2.80
0.10 1.70
= Ce
.
6-1-6 :
:
1 ) : ( EQ
:
EQ = C . F . W
:
EQ .
F
F = 1 .
F = 0.8
W .
C :
C =A. R . S / Z
A: ) (
:
0.9
0.22
0.50
= 980 / ( 2
R .
S .
Z .
2 :
) Modal
. ( analysis
6-1-7 :
400 /
.2
:
) / ( 2
400
7.60
300
7.60 30.50
"
= } 3.28) / 3 + 30 ({ } 55 ) 3.28 ({10.25/
. =
=
. 30.50
400/ 2
6-1-8 :
) ( % 5
.
1.80 .
6-2 :
6-2-1 :
6-2-1-1
) ( FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
6-2-1-2
) (AASHTO SPECIFICATION - SECTION 3.24
6-2-1-3 25 1.10 )
(AASHTO SPECIFICATION - SECTION 3.24
6-2-1-4 ) 28 / ( 2
.
6-2-1-5 5
6-2-1-6 15
6-2-1-7 0.002
412 ) / ( 2
412 ) / ( 2
0.0028 .
6-2-2 :
6-2-2-1
)
.. ( .
6-2-2-2 ) ( EC :
EC = 4700 F/C
EC F/C ) / . ( 2
) ( ES 200.000) / ( 2
6-2-2-3 0.0000099
6-2-2-4 . 0.0002
5-2-2-5
) ( . ) ( HAUNCH
.
6-2-2-6
6-2-2-7
- 1 ) %
20 ( R - R1 / Rb
) ( R ) ( R - R1 Rb 0.50 Rb
:
B1Fc\ = Rb 0.85 600
fy fy + 600
R = Ratio of nonprestressed tension reinforcement
= As / b d
R1 = Ratio of nonprestressed compression reinforcement
= As1 / b d
Rb = reinforcement ratio producing balanced
. strain condition
6-2-2-8
) ( T .
6-2-2-9
) ( T :
1/4 6-2-2-9-1 .
16 6-2-2-9-2 + .
6-2-2-9-3 .
6-2-2-10 ) ( f :
For Flexure
f = 0.90
For Shear and torsion
f = 0.85
For spirally reinforced compression member
f = 0.75
For tied
f = 0.70
For bearing
f = 0.70
6-2-2-11
bw-d fc\
4fy
) ( bw - d/fy 1.4
:
bw = web width
d = beam depth
fc\ = concrete cylinder compressive strength
fy = steel yield strength
6-2-2-12 ) ( T
bw d fc\
2fy
b d fc\ = b .
4fy
6-2-2-13 ) (10-2-2-6 ) ( 11-2-2-6
% 30
.
6-2-2-14 :
Rmax = 0.75 Rb
:
= Rb
= Rmax
B1Fc\ = Rmax 0.85 600
fy fy + 600
:
B1 = 0.85 fy 30 ) / (2
0.85) = B1 \Fc 0.05 (30 30 ) / (2
7
B1 = 0.65
6-2-3 :
6-2-3-1
.
6-2-3-2 ) ( Slenderness
. ACI - 318 - 95
6-2-3-3 % 1
. % 8
3 - 6 :
6 3 1 :
) 6 . ( 4
) ( Fixed Support
) . ( Hinged Support
) . ( Roller Support
6-3-2 :
) 6 ( 5 :
1 : .
2
.
) (
.
6 4 :
.
) . ( ACI - Detailing Manua 1994
) ( SI Units ) Metric
( Units
.
1 ) ( Slab Bridge
3 ) Prestressed Concrete I - ) ( I
( Beam Bridges
5 - 6 :
.
6-5-1 :
:
6-5-1-1
.
6-5-1-2
6-5-1-2-1
.
6-5-1-2-2
) ( :
)
(
.
6-5-1-2-3
.
6-5-1-2-4
.
.
6-5-1-2-5
.
6-5-1-2-6
.
.
-6-5-1-2
.
.
6-5-1-2-8
.
6-5-1-2-9
:
6-5-1-2-9-1 .
6-5-1-2-9-2 .
6-5-1-2-9-3 .
6-5-1-2-9-4
.
6-5-1-2-10
:
6-5-1-2-10-1
.
6-5-1-2-10-2
.
6-5-1-2-10-3
.
6-5-1-2-11
.
6-5-1-2-12
.
6-5-1-2-13
.
.
6-5-1-2-14
.
6-5-1-2-15
.
.
.
6-5-1-2-16
.
) (.
.
6-5-1-2-17
6-5-1-2-17-1
) ( .
.
6-5-1-2-17-2
.
6-5-1-2-17-3
.
6-5-1-2-18
.
.
:
. . .
.
. % 6
.
) ( .
.
6-5-1-3
:
6-5-1-3-1
6-5-1-3-1-1 10
) 5 10 5
( .
6-5-1-3-1-2
.
6-5-1-3-1-3
). (0.1
6-5-1-3-1-4
.
6-5-1-3-1-5 .
6-5-1-3-1-6 .
6-5-1-3-1-7 .
.
6-5-1-3-1-8 :
2
2
.
6-5-1-3-1-9 :
" . " ....
6-5-1-4
6-5-1-4-1
6-5-1-4-1-1
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-2
.
6-5-1-4-1-3
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-4
:
.
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-5 :
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-6 :
.
) "
... " ( .
6-5-1-4-1-7 :
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-8 :
.
.
6-5-1-4-1-9 :
.
6-5-1-4-1-10 :
.
6-5-1-4-2 :
6-5-1-4-2-1 :
.
6-5-1-4-2-2
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-3 :
:
.
.
6-5-1-4-4 :
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-4-1 :
.
.
6-5-1-4-4-2 :
.
.
6-5-1-4-4-3 :
.
6-5-1-4-4-4 :
.
6-5-1-4-5 :
6-5-1-4-5-1 :
.
6-5-1-4-5-2 :
" " .
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-5-3 ) ( :
:
.
.
.
) ... (
.
6-5-1-4-5-4
.
.
.
.
6-5-1-4-5-5
.
) (
.
6-5-1-4-5-6
.
6-5-2 :
:
6-5-2-1 .
6-5-2-2 .
6-5-2-3 .
6-5-2-4 .
6-5-2-5 .
6-5-2-6 .
6-5-2-7 .
6-5-2-8 .
6-5-2-9 .
6-5-2-10 .
6-5-2-11 .
6-5-2-12 .
6-5-2-13 .
6-5-2-14 .
6-5-2-15 .
6-5-2-16 .
6-5-2-17 .
6-5-2-18 .
6-5-2-19 .
6-5-2-20 .
6-5-2-21 .
6-5-2-22 .
6-5-2-23 .
6-5-2-24 .
6-5-2-25 .
6-5-2-26 .
6-5-2-27 .
6-5-2-28 .
6-5-2-29 .
6-5-2-30 .
6-5-2-31 .
6-5-2-32 .
6-5-2-33 .
6-5-2-34 .
6-5-2-35 .
6-5-2-36 .
6-5-2-37 .
6-5-2-38 .
6-5-2-39 .
6-5-2-40 .
6-5-2-41 .
6-5-2-42 .
6-5-2-43 .
6-5-2-44 .
6-5-2-45 .
6-5-2-46 .
6-5-2-47 .
6-5-2-48 .
6-5-2-49 .
6-5-2-50 .
6-5-2-51 .
6-5-2-52 .
6-5-2-53 .
6-5-2-54 .
6-5-2-55 .
6-5-2-56 .
6-5-2-57 .
6-5-2-58 .
6-5-2-59 .
6-5-2-60 .
6-5-2-61 .
6-5-2-62 .
6-5-2-63 .
6-5-2-64 .
6-5-2-65 .
6-5-2-66 .
6-5-3 :
6-5-3-1 .
6-5-3-2 .
6-5-3-3 .
6-5-3-4 .
6-5-3-5 .
6-5-3-6 .
6-5-3-7 .
6-5-3-8 .
6-5-3-9 .
6-5-4 :
:
6-5-4-1 :
6-5-4-1-1 .
6-5-4-1-2 .
6-5-4-1-3 .
6-5-4-1-4 .
6-5-4-1-5 .
6-5-4-1-6 .
6-5-4-1-7 .
6-5-4-1-8 .
6-5-4-1-9 .
6-5-4-2 :
6-5-4-2-1
6-5-4-2-2 .
6-5-4-2-3 .
6-5-4-2-4 .
6-5-4-3 :
6-5-4-3-1 .
6-5-4-3-2 .
6-5-4-3-3 .
6-5-4-3-4 .
6-5-4-3-5 .
6-5-4-4 :
6-5-4-4-1 .
6-5-4-4-2 .
6-5-4-5
6-5-4-5-1 .
6-5-4-5-2 .
6-5-4-6
6-5-4-6-1 .
6-5-4-6-2 .
6-5-4-7
6-5-4-7-1 .
6-5-4-7-2 .
6-5-4-7-3 .
6-5-4-8 .
6 - 6 ) ( :
:
6-6-1 :
:
6-6-1-1 .
6-6-1-2 .
6-6-1-3 .
6-6-1-4 .
6-6-1-5 :
6-6-1-5-1 .
6-6-1-5-2 .
6-6-1-5-3 .
6-6-1-5-4 .
6-6-1-5-5 .
6-6-1-5-6 .
6-6-1-5-7 .
6-6-1-5-8 .
6-6-1-5-9 .
.
6-6-1-6 .
6-6-1-7 .
6-6-2 :
:
6-6-2-1 .
6-6-2-2 :
6-6-2-2-1 .
6-6-2-2-2 .
6-6-2-2-3 .
6-6-2-2-4 .
6-6-2-2-5 .
6-6-2-2-6 .
6-6-2-2-7 .
6-6-2-2-8 .
6-6-2-2-9 .
6-6-2-2-10 .
6-6-2-2-11 .
6-6-2-3 .
6-6-2-4
6-6-2-4-1 .
6-6-2-4-2
.
6-6-2-4-3
.
6-6-2-4-4
6-6-2-4-5
.
6-6-2-4-6
.
6-6-2-4-7 .
6-6-2-4-8
.
6-6-2-4-9
.
6-6-2-5 .
6-6-2-6 .
6-6-2-7 .
6-6-2-8 .
6-6-2-9 .
6-6-2-10 .
6-6-2-11 .
6-6-2-12 .
6-6-2-13 .
6-6-2-14 .
6-6-2-15 .
6-6-2-16 .
6-6-2-17 .
6-6-2-18 .
6-6-2-19 .
6-6-2-20 .
6-6-2-21 .
6-6-2-22 .
6-6-2-23 .
6-6-2-24 .
6-6-2-25 .
6-6-2-26 .
6-6-3 :
:
6-6-3-1
.
6-6-3-2 .
6-6-3-3 .
6-6-3-4 .
6-6-3-5 .
:
6-6-3-6 ) ( .
6-6-3-7 .
6-6-3-8 .
6-6-3-9 .
6-6-3-10 .
6-6-3-11 .
6-6-3-12 .
6-6-3-13 .
7 :
. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges ( Thirteenth Edition -1983 ) - 1
. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete ( ACI 318 - 99 ) - 2
Irrigation Design ( II ) - Regulators & Barrages - 3
By Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hamdy El - Hateb , Faculty of Engineering
. Cairo University
Reinforced Concrete Design Hand Book , by Prof. Dr. Shaker EL Behairy - 4
) . , Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University ( Six th Edition - 2002
Foundation Engineering for Difficult Sub Soil Condition . by Leonarde - 5
) . ZEEVAERT ( Second Edition - 1983
Foundation Engineering Hand Book by HANS F . Winterkorn & Hsai - - 6
. YANG FANG
Reinforced Concrete Designer`s Hand Book , by Charles E Reynolds & - 7
) JAMES C Steedman ( Ninth Edition - 1979
ACI Detailing Manual - 1994 - 8
- 9