17.

Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

1 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

z = cos0 + isin0.
cos120 + isin120

cos240 + isin240.

DM
BD = 2AC A

AM
z1

z2

z 2 z 1.

z2 z1

z2

(z 2 z 1)(cos90 + isin90)
z 3 z 1 = iz 2 iz 1 + z 2 z 1

BD

z 3.

i(z 2 z 1).

z2 z1

z 3 = iz 1 + (1 + i)z 2.

z4

z 2 = z 1(cos(120 + arg(z 1)) + isin(120 + arg(z 1)))

z 3 = z 1(cos(240 + arg(z 1) + isin(240 + arg(z 1)))
z 21 + z 22 + z 23 z 1z 2 z 2z 3 z 1z 3 = 0.
a 2 1 + 2ai + 1 b 2 + 2bi a + b abi i = 0

a b 2 a + b = 0 (a b)(a + b + 1) = 0

a=b

a+b= 1

a+b = 1

ab = 3
a=b
2a + 2b ab 1 = 0
4a a 2 1 = 0
a = 2 3

a = 2 + 3

z 1, z 2

a = b = 2 3.

z3

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

2 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

z1 z1 1

z2 z2 1 = 0

z3 z3 1

6i

3
z=

6i

6i + 6
2+1

= 2 + 2i

3
z=

4 2i

6i 6
= 6 + 6i
21

42 + 2 2 20

4 2i

zz = (4 + 2i)2 + (4 2i)z.
A(z1), B(z2)

C(z3)

P(x)

ACB = APB

ACB + APB =

arg

( ) ( )
z 3 z2

z 3 z1

arg

z z2

z z1

=0

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

3 of 11

arg

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

( ) ( )
[( )( )]

arg

arg

z 3 z2

z 3 z1

+ arg

z z1

z z2

z3 z2

z z1

z3 z1

z z2

[( )( )]
z3 z2

z z1

z3 z1

z z2

=0

( z3 z2 ) ( z z1 )
( z3 z1 ) ( z z2 )

z1

z 1

z2

z 2

1 =0

z3

z 3

z 1(z 2 z 3) + z 2(z 3 z 1) + z 3(z 1 z 2) = 0

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

4 of 11

ABC

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

PQR

BAC = QPR

arg

AB
PQ

AC

AC

PR

AB

( ) ( )
z3 z1

= arg

z2 z1

z 3 z 1
z 2 z 1

PR
PQ

z3 z 1
z2 z 1

z 3 z 1
z 2 z 1

r=

ca
ba

r=

u
vu

z
z1

z2

| z z1 | = | z z2 |

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

z1 + z2

5 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

z1 + z2
2

||

= z2

z1 + z2
2

z1 + z2
2

||

= z1

z1 + z2
2

|
|z z1 | = c |z z2|

z 1 = x 1 + iy 1

z 2 = x 2 + iy 2

|(x x ) + i(y y ) | = c |(x x ) + i(y y ) |

1

(x x 1) 2 + (y y 1) 2 = c 2{(x x 2) 2 + (y y 2) 2}

|z| = 1

|z| 2

=1

zz = 1

2zz = 2

2
= 2z.
z

| | | |2 = r21 + r22 + 2r1r2cos(1 2).

(|z1 | + |z1 |) 2 = (r21 + r22 + 2r1r2 ).

L. H. S. = z 1 + z 2 z 1 + z 2

cos( 1 2) = 0 arg(z 1) arg(z 2) = 2n.

|z 2 + 2i| = 1

(2, 2i)

(2, 2i)

+ i(

45 .

2)

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

6 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

|z 1| + 4
3|z 1| + 2

1
2

|z 1| > 10
(1, 0)
x2

z = x + iy
y=0
x=

x=

+ x + 1 + iy(1 + 2x) = 0

1
2

y2 =

y2

x=

(0, ia)

1
2

3
2

<y<

3
2

a + 4
(2, 0)

z
C 1C 2 < r 1 + r 2

a2 + 4 < 1 + a + 4.
a

Re(1 + i)z 2 = x 2 y 2 2xy > 0

b 1z 1 + b 3z 3 = (b 2z 2 + b 4z 4)

y=0

1 2x.

b 1 + b3 = (b 2 + b 4)

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

7 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

b 1z 1 + b 3z 3
b1 + b3

b 2z 2 + b 4z 4

b2 + b4

b3 : b 1

AC

b4 : b 2

BD

b 1b 2 z 1 z 2

|2 = b 3b4 |z3 z4 | 2
b 1b 2AB 2 = b 3b 4CD 2
b 1b 2(b 23 + b 24 2b 3b 4cos) = b 3b 34(b 22 + b 21 2b 1b 2cos)

b3

b4

b4

b3

AOB
A, B, C
D

COB

b1
b2
AO
OC

b2
b1

b3
b4

b2

OD

BOC

f (x) = k[(x ) 2 + 2 + (x )2(x )]

k[3x 2 2(a + 2)x + 2 + 2 + 2]

4( 2 + 2 3 2 2)
( ) 2 < 3 2

| | <

3||

BC

a = + i

DAO = OBC

f(x) = k(x )[(x )] 2 + 2]

f(x) = k(x )(x i)(x + i)

D<0

b1

BO

AOD

D = 4[( + 2) 2 3( 2 + 2 + 2)]

z = x + iy

az + az = 0

y=

x + y = 0

y=

( )

x.

xorx y = 0

( )( ) ( )( )

a+a
2

z+z
2

aa
2

zz
2

=0

az + az = 0
z=

+ t
( + t)z = + t (z )t = z
+ t

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

8 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

t=

z
z

z
z
=

z
z

( z)(z ) = ( z)(z )

( )zz + ( )z + ( )z = ( )

= 0

az + az = c

a = i()
a0

c = i( )
a=0

= 0

= =

= 0.

c = i( )
(3 + 3 +

5 2) 2

(2 + 6 +

z=
2 2)

(3 + 3 +

3 2

2 2) 2

+ t
+ t

(2 + 2 + 2 2 + 4)

4 4 4 = 0 3 = 1
(2 )(2 2)(2 10)(2 11)
= (2 )(2 2)(2 )(2 2)
= [(2 )(2 2)(2 )(2 2)] 2
= (4 2 2 2 + 3) 2

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

9 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/
2 2

= (5 2( + ))
= (5 + 2) 2 = 49

[(1 )(1 2)] 2

= [1 ( + 2) + 3] 2
= [1 ( 1) + 1] 2 = 9

( ) 5 + ( 2 2)5
= 32 2 32 = 32

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab bc ca
= a 2 + 3b 2 + 3c 2 + ( + 2)ab + ( + 2)bc + ( + 2)ca
= (a 2 + ab + ca 2) + (ab 2 + b 2 3 + bc) + (ca + bc 2 + c 2 3)
= a(a + b + c 2) + b 2(a + b + c 2) + c(a + b + c 2)
= (a + b + c 2)(a + b 2 + c)

x=
x=

1 1 1 . . . to
1 x

x2 = 1 x

x2 + x + 1

2.

a 2 ab + b 2 = a 2 + ( + 2)ab + b 2 3
a 2 + ab + ab 2 + b 2 3
a(a + b) + b 2(a + b)
(a + b)(a + b 2)
a 3 + b 3 = (a + b)(a ab + b 2)
a 3 b 3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b 2)
(a + b + c)(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab bc ca).

x2 + x + 1 = 0 x =

1 3
2

= or 2

x = x 3p + x 3q + 1 + x 3r + 2
= 3p + 3q + 1 + 3r + 2

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

= 1 + + 2 = 0

10 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/

x = 2 x 3p + x 3q + 1 + x 3r + 2
= 6p + 6q + 2 + 6r + 4
= 1 + + 2 = 0
x2 + x + 1
x 2 + x + 1.

2cos
z=

x r = cos

2 rr

+ isin

2r

4cos2 4
2

= cos isin

= e 2r

x 1x 2x 3. . . to
= e i

1
2

1
22

1
23

+...

= e i
= 1
L. H. S. =

[ { ( ) ( )}] [ { ( ) ( )}]
2 cos

+ isin

2 cos

sin

k=1

isin

2k
2k
icos
7
7

= i cos
k=1

2k
2k
+ isin
7
7

11/30/2016 6:06 AM

17. Complex Numbers Solutions Part 4 A Variable in Algebra

11 of 11

http://10hash.com/algebra/complex_numbers_solutions_4/
6

= i e

i2k
7

k=1

= i e

i2
7

= i

+e

i4
7

+.. +e

i12
7

[( ) ]
1 e 2

1e

i2

= i[0 1] = i

cot 1p =

cot = p
e 2mi

icot + 1
icot 1

= e 2moi

= e 2mi

( )
e i
i

= e 2mi

i(cot i)
i(cot + i)

cos isin
cos + isin

= e 2mi. e 2mi = e 0 = 1

11/30/2016 6:06 AM