INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL AND MEDICAL STUDIES

Exploratory factor analyses

(Phn tch nhn t khm ph)
Nguyn Trng Nam

Mc tiu
Gii thiu v factor analysis
Cc bc trong factor analysis
Thao tc thc hin
c kt qu
Cc phn tch khc sau khi thc hin factor
analysis

Ti sao cn Factor analysis

Mt

s bin c th o trc tip: tc , chiu

cao, cn nng
Mt s bin khc khng th o trc tip
bng mt cu hi: tnh sng to, hnh phc,
s hi lng, s thoi mi.
Cc bin ny cn c to ra mt cch gin
tip t nhiu cu hi khc nhau
Factor analysis s gip to ra cc bin ny

Factor analysis l g?

FA l cc phng php rt gn data

Tm mi lin quan ca cc bin lin tc da trn
mi lin quan ca chng
Phn tch nhiu bin v gii thch chng bng
vi nhn t hoc thnh t
Cc bin c lin quan vi nhau c nhm li
vi nhau v tch ra khi cc bin khc m n t
lin quan

Bn nhm cc gng mt ny theo cc cch no?

Factor Analysis
Bin quan st

Nhn t
Dch v

Thi ca bc s , y t nim n

0.59

M ca ng gi

0.65

Gip bnh nhn qua in thoi

0.62

S tin li

Khong cch t nh n bnh vin

gn

0.65

C ch u xe

0.86

C ca hng thuc bnh cnh

0.83

C dch v bui ti v cui tun

0.72

Gi c

Khng phi tr tin khm cho tr

em

0.73

Chi ph nm ni tr thp

0.85

c gim gi cho mt s xt
nghim

0.91

iu kin
Cc bin phi c lin quan vi nhau
Nu mi lin quan m nh- khng thch hp
cho phng php Factor Analysis
Test ma trn cc mi lin quan bng:

KMO test
Bartletts test of sphericity

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis

Factor analysis thng c 4 bc:
Bc 1: Tnh ma trn cc mi lin quan cho tt c cc
bin (correlation matrix)
Bc 2 : Factor extraction
Bc 3 : Factor rotation
Bc 4 : Ra quyt nh cui cng v s nhn t cn
gi li

Dr. Maher Khelifa

8

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis:

The Correlation Matrix

Bc 1: the correlation matrix

To correlation matrix cho tt c cc bin
Xc nh cc bin m khng c lin quan vi bin
khc
Nu mi lin quan gia cc bin nh, chng c th
khng chung mt nhn t- FA khng ph hp
Correlation coefficients 0.3- OK.

Dr. Maher Khelifa

9

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis:

The Correlation Matrix
The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO)
Bartlett Test of Sphericity:

- KMO l mt ch tiu xem xt s thch hp ca FA Nu 0.5 KMO 1

th phn tch nhn t l thch hp
- Kim nh Bartlett xem xt gi thuyt H0: tng quan gia cc bin s
quan st bng 0. Nu kim nh ny c ngha thng k (sig <0.05) th cc
bin c tng quan vi nhau trong tng th
Dr. Maher Khelifa

10

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis:

Factor Extraction
Bc 2: Factor extraction
Mc ch chnh ca bc ny l xc nh cc nhn t.
Thng dng phng php Principal components

analysis xc nh cc nhn t.
The 1st principal component l phc hp gii thch c nhiu
bin thin nht trong qun th (1st extracted factor), sau
gim dn nhn t th 2, 3

Dr. Maher Khelifa

11

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis:

Factor Extraction

xc nh gi li
bao nhiu factor, cn
c vo 2 yu t:
Eigen Values >1
The Scree Plot.

Total Variance Explained

Extraction Sums of Squared

Initial Eigenvalues

Loadings

% of

Cumulativ

% of

Cumulativ

Variance

e%

Variance

e%

Comp
onent

Total

Total

3.046

30.465

30.465

3.046

30.465

30.465

1.801

18.011

48.476

1.801

18.011

48.476

1.009

10.091

58.566

1.009

10.091

58.566

.934

9.336

67.902

.840

8.404

76.307

.711

7.107

83.414

.574

5.737

89.151

.440

4.396

93.547

.337

3.368

96.915

10

.308

3.085

100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Dr. Maher Khelifa

12

Cc bc trong Factor Analysis:

Factor Extraction- scree plot

dc cho thy cc factor

ln.
Khi ht dc, thng cc
factor cn li c gi tr Eigen
<1.
Ngoi cc test thng k, cn
da vo thc tin v y vn
Giai on ny cha kt lun s
nhn t.

Dr. Maher Khelifa

13

Steps in Factor Analysis:

Factor Rotation
Bc

3: Factor rotation.
bc ny cc factors c rotated n c
ngha hn
C nhiu phng php rotation
Phng php hay dng nht l Varimax
rotations.

Dr. Maher Khelifa

14

Steps in Factor Analysis:

Factor Rotation

Chn cc factor c tr s ln nht v nhm chng thnh nhm, ri t tn cho

chng
Rotated Component Matrixa
Component
1

I discussed my frustrations and feelings with person(s) in school

.803

.186

.050

I tried to develop a step-by-step plan of action to remedy the problems

.270

.304

.694

I expressed my emotions to my family and close friends

.706

-.036

.059

I read, attended workshops, or sought someother educational approach to

.050

.633

.145

I tried to be emotionally honest with my self about the problems

.042

.685

.222

I sought advice from others on how I should solve the problems

.792

.117

-.038

I explored the emotions caused by the problems

.248

.782

-.037

I took direct action to try to correct the problems

-.120

-.023

.772

.815

.172

-.040

-.014

.155

.657

correct the problem

I told someone I could trust about how I felt about the problems
I put aside other activities so that I could work to solve the problems

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations.

Dr. Maher Khelifa

15

Steps in Factor Analysis:

Quyt nh cui cng

Bc 4: Quyt nh
Chn cc factors c ngha thc tin nht
Chn cc nhm bin s c ch s ln cho cng mt factor
t tn cho factor theo ngha ca cc bin

Sau :
-Cc factor ny c ngha khng? C ph hp vi y vn trc
y khng?
- Nn dng ch s factor hay ch s thng trong cc phn tch
tip theo?
Dr. Maher Khelifa
16

Mt Factor tt

Makes sense
will be easy to interpret
simple structure
Lacks complex loadings

Thc hnh trn my

Bc 1: T thanh menu ca SPSS chn

Analyze
Dimention reduction
Factor
Khi hp Factor
analyses xut
hin:
- a cc bin
cn phn tch
thnh nhn t
vo khung
Variables
- Sau ln lt
chn cc nt:
- Descriptives
- Extraction
- Rotation
- Scores

Factor Analysis Descriptive

Statistics:
-Univariate descriptive: mean,
SD
- Initial solution:
communalities, eigenvalues,
% of variance explained

KMO and Bartlett's Test of

Sphericity: Test factor model
is appropriate

Factor Analysis Extraction

Khi chn Extraction, chn

phng php mc nh ca
SPSS l Principle
components

Factor Analysis Rotation

Trong hp Rotation, nh
du Varimax nu phng
php l Principle
components

Factor Analysis Scores

Khi bm nt Scores, hp
Factor Analyes:
Factor Scores xut
hin
Chn Save as variables
nu bn mun lu li
nhn s ( chun ha)
ca tng nhn t

Factor Analysis Options

Chn Sorted by size

sp xp cc bin quan st
trong cng mt nhn t
ng gn nhau
Chn Suppress absolute
value les than nu
khng th hin cc nhn
t c gi tr tuyt i nh
hn mt gi tr no
(v d 0.3)

c kt qu

- KMO 0.5 KMO 1

- Bartlett test of Sphericity <0.05: cc bin c tng quan vi nhau
trong tng th

c kt qu

Con s 53% cho bit 3 nhn t gii thch c 53% bin thin ca cc
bin quan st hay ca d liu

c kt qu

c kt qu
Factor loading ln nht phi ln
hn hoc bng 0.5. Nu n nh
hn 0.5, nn loi tng bin quan
st mt

Quyt nh cui cng

Nh vy cc bin quan st a vo FA c
rt gn thnh 3 nhn t. Bn cng bit mi
nhn t gm cc bin no.
Bn s cn phn tch xem cc bin ny c
ngha g, t t tn cho nhn t. Tn cn
i din cho cc bin quan st ca nhn t

Nhn s
Trong Hp Factor Analysis, chn nt scorre,
sau Regression lu li cc nhn s
ca nhn t mt cch t ng. Nhn s ny
c chun ha.
Sau dng nhn s ny nh mt bin
trong cc phn tch tip theo

- Hoc tnh nhn s ca nhn t bng phng

php trung bnh cng

Cc phn tch sau khi thc hin phn

tch nhn t
Tin hnh cc phn tch thng thng khc:
ANOVA, regression
C th dng nhn s chun hoc tnh nhn
s

Cc vn vi Factor Analysis

N mang tnh ngh thut nhiu hn

khoa hc
C nhiu phng php extraction (PCA,
FA, etc.)
C nhiu phng php rotation
(Orthogonal, Oblique)
S cc factors c chn? T

Chnh v vy m y l phng php

rt hay!