$24.95 PANZER TRACTS No.3-1 Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf.A, B, C, und D development and production from 1934 to 1938 plus the Leichttraktor and Krupp’s M.K.A. Created by Thomas L. Jentz and Hilary Louis Doyle Featuring 1/35th scale drawings of the Krupp and Rheinmetall Leichttraktor and the Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.A, B, C, and DFront Cover Photos: Unlike grainy 35 mm film, there is sufficient contrast in this photo from a glass plate negative to reveal the camouflage pattern on this new clean Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.D. Like all field equip- ment (not just Panzers) produced from early 1938 to mid-1940, this Pz.Kpfw.III was painted at the facto- ry with patches of matt Dunkelbraun (RAL 45) covering about 1/3rd of the surface and matt Dunkelgrau (RAL 46) covering the remainder. (NA) Scale prints by Hilary Louis Doyle, drawn on the board originally in 1/24 scale, have been reduced to 1/35 seale using a 3000 mm long scale bar with graduations at 1000 mm intervals. The seale prints of the Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.A, B, C, and D were drawn at full scale using a CAD program and printed at 1/35 seale, ‘Thanks are especially due to Karlheinz Muench (9), John Prigent (7), Wolfgang Schneider (2), George Fanesovits (1), Marcus Jaugitz (1), Stefan De Meyer, and Thomas Anderson for providing copies of rare and unique photos. Photos were also obtained from the Bundesarchiv-Bildarchiy (2) and Militaerarchiv (14), the Archives of Modern Conflict (5), The Tank Museum (6), Krupp Archives (2), Daimler-Benz Ar- chives (2), and the National Archives (7). Published by Panzer Tracts P.O.Box 334 Boyds, MD 20841 © Copyright Thomas L. Jentz 2006 ISBN 0-9771643-4-9 www.panzertracts.com All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced in any fashion or by any means without the express written permission of the publisher.Introduction Now for the first time, we have compiled an ac- curate account of Germany’s prewar development of the Pz.Kpfw.lIl Ausf.A to D and the predecessor Leichttrak- tor. This documentary is based solely on primary source documents created by those who designed, produced, and employed the Panzers. Previous attempts at writing this history have been based on British Intelligence reports written during and directly following the war. Unfortu- nately, having been based on “guesses”, these intelligence reports contain numerous errors (such as, 30-mm-tiick armor overall on the Pz.Kpfw.HII Ausf.D, and that the Krupp’s M.K.A. was a predecessor to the Pz.Kpfw.I11). Therefore, these intelligence reports were purposefully rejected because they do not qualify as primary sources. Interested in German technology at the end of the war, the British School of Tank Technology carted off the correspondence files between Krupp’s design office and the Heeres Waffenamt (German Army ordnance depa ment). It was very fortunate that the files on the M.K.A. ‘were among these records and therefore survived. These original project records reveal Krupp’s plans for creating a series of tanks for export to foreign countries. At the same time that these original records were in the hands of the School of Tank Technology, M.I.10 was erroneously re- porting that the M.K.A. was a predecessor to the Pz.Kpfw. TIL. The true story of the development of this M.K.A. for export is revealed now for the first time. Relatively few pre-war records on the develop- ment of the German Panzers have survived. Tt was a fortunate stroke of luck when we discovered that the details of Krupp’s pre-war activities survived because they ‘were gathered as evidence of war crimes for the Nuern- berg trials, This action preserved Krupp’s annual reports ‘with details on their achievements in weapons design and production each year. Additionally, original records were obtained from the Daimler-Benz archives and Waffenamt and operational records obtained from the U.S. National Archives and Bundesarchiv Minitaerarchiy. Knowing the role of the players involved is key to understanding the development history. ‘The German Army had established a well-controlled weapons develop- ment and procurement system involving Inspecktorat 6 (in.6), Wattenpruefwesen 6 (Wa.Prv.6), and contractors. In.6 was responsible for creating performance require- ments for new vehicles wanted by the troops. 1n.6 also approved the final designs for series production. Wa.Prw.6 created the design specifications, awarded design con- tracts, and held meetings to control the projects. The com- mercial designers were informed of the specifications that they had to meet and which components to use. Krupp, M.AN., Rheinmetall, and Daimler-Benz were awarded contracts by Wa.Prw.6 to develop the detailed designs and produce test vehicles. ‘The results were then inspected by In 6 prior to approving further development. ‘As with all German weapons developed over a period of several years, the names evolved with time. To avoid confusion created by using inexact words like pro- totype, this history maintains the correct ames for each period as they were used in the original documents. A name like “Krupp Leichttraktor” doesn’t mean that Herr Krupp or any of his employees actually invented the tank It merely means that Krupp’s design office was responsible for the exacting details needed to get the contraption to work, As used in this history, the names Daimler-Benz, Krupp, Rheinmetall, Alkett, etc. refer to the firms or th representatives and not the founding father. It is a major mistake to belittle these light tanks with their smaller weapons and light armor by unfavorably comparing them to heavier gun-armed tanks produced later during the war. These were the best tanks that the current technology and limited funding could produce at the time. ‘They were not simply knock-offs of cheap junk imported from other companies, but were a serious attempt to create an improved weapons system based on well-thought-out tactical requirements. At the time there was no reason to give these light tanks thicker armor than that needed to, stop armor-piercing bullets fired by machineguns. It was the machineguns that had halted mobility in World War I, and therefore immunity to sweeping machinegun fire was all that was needed to regain mobility. The fact that the Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.A to D armor could be easily penetrated by Polish 37 mm anti-tank guns was well known before the campaign started and came as no surprise. The real mistake was trying to increase armor protection to make the Panzers immune to single-shot anti-tank weapons. This simply started a race between thicker armor and improved single-shot armor-piereing weapons - a race that armor has not won to date. Since to date no surviving Pz.Kpfw.ll Ausf.A to D have been found, the new drawings in this documentary ‘were created from component drawings printed in origi- nal manuals, with details added as found on photographs. We have found that while the original overview drawings contain substantial errors (like those used as a basis for lubrication charts), component drawings are quite reliable, Fortunately, all of the component drawings needed to ere~ ate an accurate turret have survived. Also, nine original Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.D chassis component drawings could be precisely fitted together to create for the first time accurate 4-view drawings. PS. Don’t use the track contact lengths listed in the orig nal manuals for the Pz.Kpfw.2I Ausf.B, C, and D asa basis for scaling their overall size. Apparently, the longer length from partial sinking was being used to improve the results of ground pressure calculations. 3-1Leichttraktor (L.Tr.) originally named Kleintraktor ‘The first indication that Germany was trying to develop a light tank (originally code-named Kleintraktor) ‘was found in a Wehramt meeting record dated 14 March 1928. The intended extent of their secret plans was re corded in the Kraftfahr Ruestungsprogramm (motorization program) dated 17 April 1928: Subject: Kleintraktor: Deliver the first Versuchsstuecke (trial pieces) in October 1929 for testing in 1930. Starting in 1931, as achievable with available funds, acquire a company of 17 vehicles at a cost of about 50,000 Marks per Kleintraktor. ‘When a new military vehicle (in this case a secret light tank) was desired by the German Army, a controlled development and procurement procedure was set into motion. First In 6 (K) in the Wehramt prepared basic functional characteristics for a light tank These functional requirements were then given to the Heereswaffenamt Pruefwvesen 6 along with authorization to proceed with the development of Versuchsstuecke (trial pieces). Wa Prw 6 then created conceptual guidelines and technical specifica- tions to provide a basis for detailed designs and awarded development contracts to design companies. The design contractors prepared overview drawings and a general description of their proposed design. The proposals were reviewed and changes requested by Wa Prw 6 and In 6 (K) prior to awarding development contracts. The requesting organization - in this case In 6 (K) - controlled the funding so that the technocrats in Wa Prw 6 couldn’t go nuts with their desire to create fantastic toys. In 6 (K) development and procurement programs for new combat vehicles w approved as line items in the annual budget for overall military expenditure. De roposal Re During a meeting on 25 April 1928 at Fried Krupp A.G. in Essen, attended by Ritter, Hagelloch, and. Woelfert from Krupp and Gaissert, Austmann, Pirner, and Kniepkamp from Wa Prw 6, Krupp was invited to design and build two Kleintraktor: Oberstlt. Gaissart and Hauptmann Pirner had developed specifications for the design of two Kleintraktor and provided Krupp with a written description and drawing. Individual points were discussed in detail. In conclusion, Krupp was requested to state their position on the following questions: a. Is Krupp ready to undertake the design and construc- tion of both Kleintraktor? The complete gun turret and rubber-band tracks as well as the other devices and tools needed for military use were to be delivered by Wa Prw. Design work for installation and mounting special mili- tary equipment is to be included (by closely adhering to the design work for the Grosstraktor) and the test vehicles built so that the special equipment can be installed without further changes. ». Ifyes, a fixed price for delivery is to be settled. ¢. How much is this fixed price? Oberstit. Gaissert remarked that a final decision on which company would be involved in the design and construction had not yet been made. He stated that the costs for preliminary work would be paid in the event that a decision was made that Krupp wouldn't take part in this project. On 8 May 1928, Herr Hagelloch (Abteilung Antillerie Konstruktion of Fried. Krupp A.G.) replied: We are pleased and ready to undertake the design and produc- Krupp Leichttraktor in 1930 32tion of two Kleintraktor in accordance with the specifi- cations in the protocol dated 25 April 1928, During the ‘meeting on 25 April, we brought up that the planned 60 horsepower engine was too small for the desired speed of 40 km/hr, We will quickly prepare a proposal for a larger engine. It will be very useful to hold another meeting on the proposal before we provide a fixed price and delivery date for both Kleintraktor. thanged Requirements Changes to the requirements for development of the Kleintraktor were noted in a meeting between Hauptmann Pimer (Wa Prw 6) and Ritter, Hagelloch, and Woelfert (Abt.A.K., Krupp) on 26 May 1928: Because an even smaller light tank is to be de- veloped, the name Kleintraktor has been changed fo Leichttraktor (L.Tr). The requirements given to Krupp on 25 April have changed in the interim. The front and side armor is to be 14 mm thick. The number of rounds of 3.7 em ammunition is to be increased from 100 to 200. Instead of two men, three or four are fo man the tank. Maximum weight is not 10 exceed 6000 kg. Maximum speed is 40 km/hr on good roads and 20 km/hr off-road on dry, firm pastureland. The vehicle is to climb a 60% slope. 150 liters of fuel are to be carried. A Vernebelungspapparat (smoke dispensing device), a Gasfilter (poison gas filter) and a Funk- Telegraphie-Geraet (radio set with telegraph key) are to be installed. Wa Prw 6 will take over payment of the design costs of the 3.7 em Turm and installation of the weapon. Herr Ritter stated that Krupp was very much interested and would gladly take over the work. In addition, he re- ferred to the necessary modification to the loading device for the Rheinmetalt-Kanone. Preliminarily, six Leichttraktor are to be built, each by Krupp, Daimler, and Rheinmetall. From previ ously explained reasons, the vehicles were to be ready for driving trials by I June 1929. The overall weight of the Leichttraktor consists of 1500 kg for armor, 800 kg for roadwheels and suspension, 1500 kg for drive train, fuel, and radiator, 1240 kg for 3.7 em Turm, machinegun, and amnumition, 300 kg for four men, 100 kg for air filter and smoke dispenser, and 430 kg for tools and equipment for a total weight of 6000 kg. Other than as a gun armed tank, the L.Tr. should also be used for Verflegungsnachschub (ration supply), Munitionstransport (ammunition transport), and in the Wirtshaft (industrial applications). Suitable superstruc- tures are to be proposed. On 10 June 1928, In 6 (K) sent the following letter to the Wa A with a copy sent directly to Wa Prw: The requirements for the construction of the Leichttraktor are attached. Based on these requirements, Wa Prw is requested 10 (1) award contracts to Daimler, Krupp, and Rheinmetall for each to design and produce two vehicles, (2) send a copy of the expanded technical specifications, and (3) send design proposals from the three companies so that they can be quickly agreed upon. If Daimler doesnt accept the contract, it is re~ quested that a contract be awarded to one of the two remaining companies for a third Fahrgestell as a gp. Nachschubfahrzeug (supply vehicle chassis) and the other company a third Fahrgestell as a 3.7 cm Kampfivagen- Abwehr-Selbstfatrlaftette (3.7 cm anti-tank self propelled © ma.voyere Rheinmetall Leichttraktor in 1930carriage). Attachment - Leicht-Traktor I. General Requirements 1. The Kleintractor is a light tank. The name is from now on Leicht-Traktor. 2. At the same time, the chassis should fulfil various Heeresmotorisierung (army motorization) tasks (1) as a load carrier (self-propelled 3.7 em gun, ammunition and ration supply vehicle to the front lines with a special armor superstructure) and (2) as a towing vehicle for light and if possible medium loads. 3. The possibility of adopting the chassis for industry is to be strived for Ul, Armament 1, 3.7 em Kanone, at first half-cutomatic (measurements ‘for full automatic are to be determined) coupled with a ‘heavy machinegun in an armor turret with 360 degree tra- verse, with the largest possible elevation and depression. At least 150 rounds of tracer ammunition for the gun and 3000 for the heavy machinegun. Ifmore can be stowed, ‘gun ammunition has preference. 2. Crew of four men - a Kampfwagen-Schuetze (gun- ner) and a Kampfwagen-Kommandant (commander) in the turret, and a Fahrer (driver), anda Funker (radio operator). 3. Armor - Proof against S.im.K. (armor-piercing bullets). Strive to protect the important operating parts against 13 mm bullets. 4. Capabilities a. Speed - average of 25 to 30 km/hr on roads, 20 km/hr cross-country, sustained 150 kilometers in 6 hours b. Climb 60% (31 degrees) on a stretch of at least 1 ki- Jometer at a minimum speed of 3 kin/hr. Increasing the climbing ability isto be strived for Climb a step and ford, both 600 mm Cross a trench at least 1500 mm wide Ground clearance at least 300 mm Range of 150 kilometers with one tank of fuel, strive for 200 kilometers e. Complete terrain crossing ability on ground that is good going for the infantry (0.5 kg/em2 ground pressure) . Signals equipment - radios equipped for both voice and telegraph with a stationary range of 3 kilometers by voice and 17 kilometers by telegraph and a mobile range of 2 kilometers by voice. e. Poison gas defense - protection against all types £. Smoke equipment - 20 minute smoke screen duration g Swimming ability - desired with help from attached devices. 5. The total weight is to be as low as possible, not over 7.5 tons. *s Original Proposal Krupp submitted their original design proposal in a letter from Ing, Hagelloch to Wa Prw 6 dated 3 July 1928: In reference to the meeting with Hauptmann Pirner in Essen on 26 May 1928, we are reporting the re- sults of our determinations and proposals as follows: Kn‘This Page and Below Left: The assembled Fahrgestell (chassis) for a Rheinmetall Leichttraktor in 1930. (BAMA)The new requirements for a higher speed of 40 kan/hr on level roads and the thicker armor resulting in a total vehicle weight of 6000 kg, result in a need for a 100 horsepower engine. 83 horsepower are needed to climb a 60% slope on solid ground. One can also choose between a 100 horsepower Maybach or a 15/70/100 horsepower Daimler engine with an injector. The Maybach engine has the advantage of less noise because of its speed of 1900 rpm as compared to 2800 rpm for the Daimler engine with injector. However, the Maybach engine weighs 400 kg in comparison 10 362 kg for the Daimler and is 884-830 = 50 mm higher and significantly wider. Furthermore, the Maybach is more expensive but is more fuel efficient than the Daimler. Because the external dimensions of the L.Tr. mit 3.7 em Turm are to be as small as possible, we vote for the Daimler engine. Description of the Lei ated 3 July 1928 “The L.Tr. is a tracked vehicle with a fixed track drive and a narrow armor hull between the tracks. The en- gine (15/70/100 horsepower Daimler) is positioned at the front with the cooling system to the right and the fuel tank and steering to the left. The engine has a starter, magneto, and electrical generator, If the starter fails, the engine can be turned over with a hand crank, A Scheinwerfer (head- light) is centered on the front, and two position lights can ‘be mounted to the right and left on the front wall of the Munitionsausbauten (ammunition panniers). The radia- tor is almost horizontal and protected against shots by an armor grating. Cooling is provided by a fan with a belt drive from the engine. An auxiliary water container hold- ing 20 liters aids in cooling. ‘The fuel tank holding about 150 liters is accessible along with the carburetor through, an upper flap. ‘The exhaust muffler is located above the right track. A Krupp 4-speed 3-ton truck transmission is, flanged to the engine along with an auxiliary 2-speed trans- fer case, providing a total of 8 forward and two reverse ‘gears. in Krupp drawing SK.99 A drive shaft with two universal joints connects the transfer case to the rear drive housing that, with the aid of a differential and two spur gears, transfers the power to the rear track drive wheels. For steering and braking there are two brake drums with Cletrac auxiliary wheels on both sides of the differential which hinder the tracks when the brakes are applied ‘There are two Gummiraupen (rubber tracks). Experimentation with cable or fasteners will decide which type. 2.x 3 roadwheel pairs are mounted on each side that, with swinging arms and springs, are designed to provide a soft suspension for driving on roads and crossing ob- stacles. An additional fixed roadwheel is located below the idler wheel and provides the track with a good support while crossing obstacles. Both idler wheels are adjust- 3-6 able and have spring tensioners to prevent the track from breaking when driving over obstacles. The track returns forward over a track box and two support rollers. The track box itself is bolted to the hull and serves to hold the springs and for equipment stowage. The driver sits on the left and has vision slits (optical glass) in an armored Kopfgehaeuse (head hous- ing). The 3.7 em Gesehuetz-Turm is mounted on the roof of the armor hull behind the driver. The Richtkanonier (gunner) and Kommandant/Ladekanonier (commander! loader) sit in the turret. 150 rounds of 3.7 em ammunition are stowed in armor panniers to the left and right between the tracks, 3 x 20 rounds are stowed in removable holders and 2 x 15 rounds are stowed horizontally in individual packing. The ammunition for the machinegun is stowed, under the floor plates and in the side track boxes, where the smoke dispenser is also located. The Funker (radio operator) sits close to the floor to the right and somewhat ‘behind the driver. The sender and receiver sets are in front ofhim. Behind him is located the 12-volt rechargeable battery, while the starter, rectifier, anode battery, and two 4-volt rechargeable batteries are located in the right track box. The deck for the armor ull in front of the turret is somewhat curved over the engine and raised above the sender but not so far as to interfere with the driver’s view to the right. The 80 amp-hour battery for vehicle lighting and for the air filter is located on the floor directly behind the driver’s seat. The air filter, driven by a 12-volt electric motor, is fastened to the rear access hatch and can be dismounted in order to achieve a more comfortable entry. The intake opening is in the rear hatch, and a short pipe delivers the ccleaned air into the hull, A plug for the small electric mo- tor can be plugged into an outlet inside the hull to turn the device on. A rubber gasket is provided to seal the locked door for the crew hatch. ‘A firewall, on which the instrument panel for the driver is mounted, completely seals the engine compart- ment from the rest of the hull so that positive pressure is maintained in the crew compartment by the air filter. Due to the high mounting for the cooling system, the vehicle can ford rivers up to 80 em deep, The main dimensions for the vehicle are available on the drawing, The total weight is about 6000 kg when fully outfitted with crew. The technical data that vary somewhat fiom the previous requirements are as follows: Total length about 3900 mm Total width about 1850 mm Total height about 2000 mm Total weight 6000 kg Engine 100 horsepower Speed 4-40 knv/hr Slope climbing about 65% Track width 250 mmsep ROD ce Shwerunkislage des Kj.L.Tk compl. G-7900kg. "182% Original drawings created to show the center of gravity of the Krupp Leichttraktor (above) and the Rheinmetall Leichttraktor (below) - B21 an - Sehwerpuntislage des, Rh'l. Tr compl. G+ Sooalg 16 3-7‘Track contact length about 2 x 2500 mm Ground pressure 0.48 kg/om2 Ground clearance 300. mm Step 600 mm high Ford 800 mm Trench 1400 mm Fuel capacity 150 liter Armor proof against S.m.K. We have the following thoughts about use of the vehicle in an industrial application. If one subtracts the additional weight for military applications, an industrial tracked vehicle would weigh a maximum of 4000 kg, including a flexible tow coupling for a plow and a su- perstructure for a winch, tools, and carrying a load. As shown in drawing Sk 99a named leichte Zugmaschine (LZ), a 50 horsepower engine is sufficient for a maximum road speed of 30 km/hr. The transmission and drive train are calculated for a 60 horsepower engine and are strong enough for a 100 horsepower Daimler engine, which delivers about 58 horsepower at 2100 rpm without its compressor: Because the agricultural industry prefers a slower running engine, they musi be won over with propaganda to a faster engine by referring to the more favorable efficien- 1 While the shorter tractors built by Cletrae and Holt have steel tracks with cleats (weighing about one third of the total vehicle weight) to provide traction in sandy ground, the longer contact length of the rubber tracks on the leichte Zugmaschine (L.Z,) should provide better trac- tion. In addition, the rubber tracks have an advantage on roads because they are less destructive to the road surface and therefore can be driven at faster speed. The design layout of the engine, transmission, radiator, and fuel tank forward and the track drive al the rear results in a tractor that is favorably front heavy, which reduces rearing when pulling a heavy load. Without any additional changes, the L.Tr. without a turret can be used as a Munitions- und Ersatzfahrzeug. Drawing Sk 112 shows a L.Tt with an armor superstruc ture to carry 15 men including the driver. The driver is seated higher so that the vehicle doesn't have to be length- ened. Eventually, a radio operator with radio sets can be added. Without benches, the vehicle can be used to trans- port rations. An additional superstructure is shown in drawing Sk 107 for an armored Beobachtungswagen (observation vehicle) which has a hinged and extendable observation ‘mast as its main feature. The hatches to the stowage com- partment are opened partially outward and partially in- ward. Washbasins and folding tables can be carried on the rear doors, Packs and blankets can be stowed on the roof, There is space for a medic or doctor beside the driver and «a co-driver can fit into Raum IV, which can also hold ad- ditional equipment, In addition, two helpers ean be seated 38 at the rear on folding seats. When halted, the rolled-up tarp on the roof can be mounted on poles to provide shelter from the sun and rain. A proposal for a L.Tr. as Selbstfiahrer fuer 3.7 em Kanone (self-propelled gun) is still being worked on. However, itis improbable that with its current dimensions that the L. Tr. will be suitable for use as a Selbstfahrer fuer 7.5 cm Feldkanone because of the lack of space for the crew and ammunition. echnical Specification: Pruefwesen 6 prepared the following detailed Technische Auftragbedingungen (technical specifications) dated July 1928 as guidance for Leieht-Traktor design and construction: 1 General 1. The following technical specifications along with draw- ings, further clarifications and other supporting documents are to be viewed as contract stipulations. 2. The L.Tr. is to be built as a Kettenfahrceug (tracked vehicle). 3. In addition to its tise as a Kleinkampfwagen (small tank), the vehicle is to be used as a Selbstfahrlafette fuer 3.7 em (self-propelled 3.7 em gun), as a Schlepper ‘fuer leichte und mittlere Lasten (towing vehicle for light ‘and medium loads), as a Munitions- und Verpflegungs- Nachschubfahezeug (ammunition and ration supply ve- hicle) with a special armored superstructure for deliveries {o the forward combat zone. 4. The acceptance of the chassis for commercial applica tions is to be strived for. This is to be taken into consider- ation for the entire design of the vehicle. 5. The technical specifications for Lastkrafowagen apply 10 ouffitting the vehiele with equipment. 6. As far as possible, commercially available components (engine, transmission, etc.) are to be used. 7. Driving noise should be held to the minimum possible. I, Materials and Construction Specifications (Normal military/industrial specifications and practices were referenced in this part) M1. Capabilities: 1. Speed: Highest on level roads 35 km/hr Lowest when climbing 3 kinv/hr Sustained 150 km in 6 hours An average speed of 25 to 30 km/h is to be achieved on an open road without remarkable slopes 2a. Climbing at least 60% = 31 degrees b. Step 600 mm ©. Ford 600 mm «i. Trench crossing 1500 mm e. Ground clearance 300 mm f, Range & Ground pressure 200 km on a single tank of fuel 0.35 to 4 kglem23. Armament: 3.7 cm Halbautomatik-Kanone coupled with a schweren Dreyse M.G. in the Panzerturm with 360 degree traverse and largest possible elevation and depres- sion. At least 150 rounds of 3.7 em Leuchtspur (tracer) ammunition for the gun and 3000 rounds for the s.M.G. 4. Crew of four men 1 Kampfwwagen-Kommandant (commander) also support ing the Kanonier in Panzerturm 1 Kampfwagen-Kanonier (gunner) in Pancerturm 1 Kampfwagenfahrer (driver) 1 Kampfivagenfunker (radio operator) 5. Armor: Secure against 7.92 mm S.m.K. (steel core ar mor-piercing bullets). Strive for armor fo protect the im- portant functioning parts against 13 mm bullets. 6. Additional technical equipment a. Communication Punkgeraet (radio sets) for both Tetefonie and Telegraphie with a stationary range of 3 km by voice and 17 km by telegraph and when moving 2 km by voice and 7 kun by telegraph . Air filters for protection against poison gases ©. Vernebelungsgeraet (smoke discharger equipment) sustainable for 20 minutes. This is the same signal, air filtration, and smoke discharge equipment planned for the Grosstraktor with the same volume and weight. The ex- ternal dimensions of the air filter will probably be smaller - about 1/3rd shorter with the same face area. 7. Fahrgestell (chassis) a. Motor - A commercially available engine is to be used. It must operate at a 35 degree tilt without oil entering the cylinder heads and lubrication feilure. Trochenschmierung (dry sump lubrication) is preferred. 11 must be oufitied with effective air and oil filters. The oit temperature under continuous full load must not exceed external air temperatures by 50 degrees C. A special oil cooler is planned. Cooling is to be measured so that the exit temperature of the coolant doesn t exceed the external air temperature by 70 degrees C. The cooling air intake is to be laid out so that the fresh air passes through the ra- diator first. All parts whose function is hindered by water (batteries, magneto, electrical generator, starter, carbure- tor, exhaust muffler, etc.) are to be configured and installed so that the machine can function without problems even when 80 cm deep water is forded. b. Getriebe und Kraftuebertragung (transmission and drive train) A commercially available transmission is to be used that is coupled with an auxiliary transfer gear. If possible, both are to be shifted with a stick shift. The matin value is placed on quick shifting. The Lenkgetriebe (Cletvac streering unit) is to be designed so that the smallest turning circle (measured out- ward) does not exceed 9 meters. Steering must be so finely adjustable that large curves can be driven for a long time. The steering must be easily adjusted and designed so that it ean double as emergency brakes. In addition, a separate independent braking system is to be installed. Care is t0 be given for adequate brake cooling. ce. Laufiwerk (suspension) 250 mm wide Gummiketten (rubber tracks) are to be used. Springing should be mechanical and use light metals. Tragrollen (support wheels) can be counterbal- anced with arms instead of having springs. High value is placed on quickly changing tracks and simplified care of the tracks d. Rahmen (frame) - A tow couping is to be located on the rear: In addition, two recovery hooks are to be located at the front and rear. ¢. Allgemine Anordnung (general layout) - The engine compartment is to be separated from the fighting compart- ‘ment and made airtight from the other spaces in the veht cle interior. Negative pressure is to be maintained to pre vent the entry of ignitable or poison gases into the fighting comparinent. The negative pressure created by sucking out cooling air should be sufficient. Important functioning parts must be easily accessible at all times f, Outer measurements and total disposition should be kept to.a minimum. Conceptual sketch G 7 from Wa Prw 6/V provides an approximate example. 8. Gewichte (weight) isto be kept as low as possible. A ‘maccimnum of 6.5 tons when ready for operation. Individual weights: 1800 kg for armor 1000 kg for suspension 1300 kg for drive train and fuel 1020 kg for 3.7 cm Turm with gun and ammunition 300 kg for crew 130 kg for radio equipment 100 kg for air filter and smoke dispenser 350 kg for equipment 6000 kg total weight 9. Schwimmfachigheit (swimming ability) is not required but should be viewed as desired. The necessary displace- ‘ment can be achieved with special auxiliary flotation devices. 10, The layout of the crew hatches is left to the design firms. However, easy entry and dismount ability must be achieved. Additional Development Decisions During a meeting and examination of the Holzmodell at Krupp on 9 October 1928, Wa Prw 6 clari- fied: The compressor engine that Krupp intends to instal is not the right choice, The new 80/100 horsepower Daimler engine is much better. Wa Prw 6 cannot agree with the location of the radiator on the side. In both the Wirtschafes (industrial) and Militaer models the radiator must be installed directly 39in front of the engine. The Militaerfahrzeug can have a special protective plate which can be dropped from the Wirtschaftsfahrzeug. This layout results in a relatively easier installation of the radio equipment. Although the steering unit built by Linke-Hofmann is 100 weak to be used in the L.Tr., Wa Prw is in agree- ‘ment that the same Cletrae principle is to be used in the Lenkgetriebe (steering unit) designed and built by Krupp. Krupp wanted to use the 6-speed gearshift Schaltgetriebe (transmission) from their normal 3 track. Wa Prw remarked that while this fulfilled the important requirement to use commercially available components, it is not suitable and does not fulfill the requirement for driving. From the Wa Prw perspective, the Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen-Getriebe mit Klauenschaltung (trans- mission with claw shifting) may be the most suitable. The space to install the necessary radio equipment is available. The main requirement is fulfilled that the eves of the radio operator be about 22 to 25 cm away from the ‘face of the sender and receiver units. The important capabilities of the 80/100 horse- power Daimler engine were discussed during a meeting between Wa Prw 6 and Krupp on 16 October 1928: The 6-cylinder, 7 liter Daimler-Benz Lkw:-Motor Type M 36 can achieve 50 hp at 800 rpm, 63 hp at 1000 rpm, 75 hp cat 1200 rpm, 90 hp at 1500 rpm, and 100 hp at 1900 rpm. The maximum torque of 45 mkg, is achieved at 600 - 1200 rpm with 40 mkg at 1800 rpm. On 18 October 1928, Abteilung A.K. replied that the 70/100 horsepower Daimler-Geblasemotor M 836 would be a better choice for installation in the L.Tr. than the 100 horsepower Daimler-Motor Type M 36. The M 836 was smaller (1250 mm long, 470 mm wide, 815 mm. high) than the M 36 (1380 mm long, 610 mm wide, 910 mm high), which doesn’t fit into the previously sized en- gine space. The M 836 also weighed less at 350 kg (versus 434 kg for the M 36) and had a much lower torque rat- ing (20 kg versus 45 kg) and a much higher engine speed (2800 rpm versus 1900 rpm). The final decision by Hauptmann Pirner and Dr. Stadie (Wa Prw 6) on the engine was made in a meeting with Hagelloch, Woelfert, and Hendel (Abt.A.K.) on 31 October 1928: 1. Kuehler (radiator) Dr. Stadie proposed a vertical radia- tor orientation with the upper edge beveled so that vision was not impeded. Both fans could be installed behind the radiator to meet the requirement that with the breathing air filter system, a positive overpressure of 6 to 8 mm wa- ter between the crew compartment (at 10- 12 mm water) and the engine compartment (at about 4 mm water) be achieved, 2. Motor The Daimler-Kompressormotor M 836 will not hhold up under full load. In comparison the Daimler-Motor 'M 36 (100 horsepower at 1950 rpm, 105 mm bore, 150 3-10 mm stroke) is better suited for commercial use because itis more robust and has higher elasticity at lower en- gine speeds. The normal Daimler-Motor M36 was to be installed and eventually the water and exhaust pipes modified. 3. Getriehe (transmission) The 3-speed Friedrichshafen Soden-Getriebe with claw shifting is to be installed, ‘but with a hand-shifting lever instead of a cable. A Zusatzgetriebe (auxiliary gear) designed by Krupp is also to be installed. 4, Instead of a Stroboskop, a Beoboachtungskuppel (ob servation cupola) with Kinonglas (protective glass) was to be added. 5. The same type of suspension brackets and arms for the Grosstraktor were to be used for supporting the Laufrolien (roadwheels).. rupp, Rheinmetall, and Daimler-Benz On 16 June 1928, Oberstlt. Gaissert (head of Wa Prw 6) sent a letter to Fried.Krupp A.G., Abt. A.K., Essen, Rheinmetall, Duesseldorf, and Daimler-Benz, z.Hd. Dr. Porsche, Stuttgart-Unterturkheim with a proposed contract between the Heereswaffenamt and the firms for the design and production of two Klein-Traktoren. Abteilung A.K. responded on 9 October 1928: Our offer for the design and delivery of two Leichttraktoren (L.Tr.) as Zugmaschinen in accordance with drawing SK.99a with a carbon steel hull is the fixed price of 230,000 Goldmark at our plant in Essen. The measurements for both LTr. are to be in accordance with the Wa Prw 6 Technischen Auptragsbedingungen (technical specifications) for con- siruction of a L.Tr. dated July 1928. However, this does znot include the parts for the vehicle of a military character consisting of the armament, 14 mm thick armor, and addi- tional technical equipment. The contract between Krupp and the Heereswaffenamt was signed by Generalmajor Buchholz on 15 October and Herr Hageloch from Krupp on 24 October 1928: Wa Prw 6 awards Krupp a contract for the design and delivery of two L.Tr. in accordance with their offers dated 26 July and 9 October 1928. A fixed price of 230,000 Goldmark is agreed upon. Acceptance will take place in Unterluess. The final assembly of the chassis and military superstructure can be conducted in Unterluess. Rheinmetall also signed a contract with the Heereswaffenamt to design and produce the Leichttraktor. Daimler-Benz decided not to take part in this project and emphatically declined the development contract in July 1928. Contract .sichttraktor Holzmodell ‘On 9 October 1928, Krupp reported: The Holzmodell (wooden model) is being completed. For work10 continue, it is absolutely necessary to have detailed information on the gun turret and the crew compartment inside the vehicle. Hptm. Pirner requested that work be stopped until questions about the engine and turret have been clarified. On 13 October 1928, Abteilung A.K. advised Wa Prw 6: The costs for completion of a Holzmodell for the L.Tr. will be about 1500 RM. We have already began work based on the verbal orders during the meeting here on 6 October: On 19 October 1928, Wa Prw 6 signed the contract for Krupp to deliver a Holzmodell fora L.Tr. The com- pleted L.Tr, Holzmodell was examined by Wa Prw 6 in Essen on 19 February 1929. Demonstration of a Krupp Leichttraktor Fahrgestell During 1929, Krupp proceeded with the design, parts procurement, and production of three Leiehttraktor chassis in automotive working order. A meeting on the Leichten Traktor, held at Krupp’s facilities in Meppen on 14 January 1930, was attended by the following key deci- sion makers: Generallt. yon Vollard-Bockenberg and Hauptmann von Seydlitz,(Waffenamt) Oberst Karlewski, Oberstlt, a.D. von Bowhard, Oberst Gaissert, and Major Doerfiier (Wa Prw 6) General von Stuelpnagel, Oberst Lutz, and Hauptmann von Hauenschild (In 6 (K)) Direktor Ritter, Ingenicur Hageloch, and Ingenieur Woelfert (Krupp) Minutes of the meeting following demonstration of the Leichttraktor were recorded by the Heereswaffenamt, as follows: Oberst Karlewski thought that the demonstrated Leichten Traktor was excellent. Only the test in heavy clay is still to be done. He considered it to be useful for the military. Conversion for the purpose of industrial sales is secondary in nature, General von Stuelpnagel asked if the three ‘Traktoren that had been ordered were ready for delivery - one to Kummersdorf and the other two to Unterluess for mounting the superstructures and turrets, Ingenieur Hageloch answered that mounting the superstructures in Unterluess will take about 6 to 8 weeks; however, this is without the turrets, which were being completed by Rheinmetall, Major Doerffer responded that Wa Prw will apply pressure to get the turrets completed by mid-February. General von Bockelberg stated that the first ‘Traktor would be completed with a turret on 1 April and the second Traktor on I May 1930. Wa Prw, In 6 (K), and Krupp representatives seconded this statement. General von Bockelberg asked: What is the ar- mament? Major Doerffer responded: A 3.7 em gun in an armor turret, General von Bockelberg asked if the vehicle noise could be reduced, Oberst Gaissert thought that this could be achieved. Ingenieur Hageloch explained that the noise was caused by only having one tooth for every second track link to prevent sand from packing in the strengthen- ers. He thought that the noise could be reduced. General von Boekelberg (seconded by In 6 (K) and ‘Wa Prw) expressed his special pleasure with the speed and handling shown by the Traktor, He could only express his thanks for such good service from Krupp. Final Assembly in Unterluess All four Leiehttraktor (two each from Krupp and Rheinmetall) were assembled in great secrecy in the Rheinmetall facilities at Unterluess. Rheinmetall was responsible for development and assembly of all four Leichttraktor gun turrets. The following excerpts from the Entwicklungsgeschichte des L:Tr, (development history of the L.Tr) written by Krupp in May 1935 reveal when the Leichttraktoren Krupp assembly was completed: 15Feb30 The first L.Tr. with superstructure parts was sent to Unterluess to complete assem- bly and mount the superstructure 25Feb30 The second L.Tr. was sent to Unterluess Sor final assembly 27Mar30 Both Fahrgestell (chassis) were inspected and accepted 29Mar30 Contract to assemble the Militaerishe Aufbau (military superstructure and turret) 264pr30 Demonstration of @ L.Tr. mit Aufbau in- side the assembly plant and a L.Tr. ohne Aufbau in open terrain with good results Description of the Rheinmetall Leichttraktor ‘After observing the assembly of the Leiehttraktor in Unterluess, on 27 February 1930 Herr Woelfert (Krupp) recorded specific details in which the design of the Rheinmetall Leichttraktor differed from the Krupp design: The fuel tanks are located in the track boxes. Thereby only small openings remain in the side walls for dirt to be shed from the tracks. By locating the fuel tanks in the side boxes, the driver and radio operator can sit be- side the engine. This results in better view to the front and access to the engine. The hull bottom is reinforced with ribs. The sender is in front of the radio operator with the receiver to his left above the transmission. It has a heavy duty model 4-speed Soden transmission, assembled with the transfer case. Two short shift levers are located on top of the lid. Final drives for the track drive wheels are lo- cated outside the hull. Large brake drums for brake bands ‘are mounted on the inside of the hull side. These can be 3-11This and Opposite Page: A Rheinmetall Leichttraktor as it was originally assembled in 1930 with a frame antenna for the radio set. (BAMA)‘This and Opposite Page: A Rheinmetall Leichttraktor as it was originally assembled in 1930 with a frame antenna for the radio set. (BAMA)used 10 aid in steering. Normally, air for engine cooling is pulled in by both fans and pushed through the radiator into the engine compartment. In poison gas zones the fans pull the air out of the engine compartment to create negative pressure. The air slit for the radiator is very narrow. Two horizontal pipe oil coolers are fastened above the water radiator A {fan for the breathing air filter, driven by a belt from the left cooling fan, is on the floor in front of the driver. In addition 1o both turret hatches, there is a hatch in the hull rear wall, a hatch above the radio operator and a hinged rectangular Sehkuppel (vision cupola) above the driver. Kinonglas blocks are mounted behind vision slits on three sides of the Sehkuppel. The width of these vi- sion slits can be adjusted from 3 t0 20 mm wide by sliding plates. The weight of the Setkuppel is counterbalanced by a coil spring. Testing i In May 1930 all four Leiehttracktor (Nr.37 and 38 from Krupp and Nr.39 and 40 from Rheinmetall) were trans- ported to Russia to a base near Kasan (the capital of the Tartar Republic), where they arrived in June 1930. After two years in Panzererprobung Kama (the secret tank test- ing program) they were shipped back to Germany in the late Summer of 1932. The following registered distances in kilometers were covered by each of the Leichttraktor during this testing program: 1930 1931 1932 Total Nr.37 Krupp 365 697 598, 1660 Nr.38 Krupp 534 371 1095 1800 Nr.39 Rheinmetall 382 708 715 1865 Nr.40 Rheinmetall 290 513 932 1735 Upon returning to Germany, the Leichttraktor were sent to Heereszeugamt Spandau for overhaul Further testing took place in Wustrow during the Summer of 1933. During the Winter of 1934/35 the Leichttraktor were stored near Berlin, All four Leichttraktor took part in the major maneuvers to test the concept of a Panzer- Division at Truppenuebungsplatz Munster Lager (troop training grounds) in the Summer of 1935. After comple- tion of these maneuvers, the Leichttraktor were trans- ferred to the newly established Panzerschiessschule Putlos (tank gunnery school) near Oldenburg/Holstein, Here they were used in training tank crews for several more years. The Leichttraktor were also continuously modified to aid in experimentally testing new designs for the future light tank development,‘Turret Design Improvements The important lessons that would greatly influence future turret design were recorded in the following experi- ence report from Dipl.Ing. Dr. Hesselbach on his visit to Kasan in 1932: Four Geschuetzturm (gun turrets) with 3.7 em Kanonen LAS (two for the L.Tr(Rh.) and two for the LTr(Kp.) are being tested in Kasan. Most of the modi- ications could be completed by the middle of this year’s training period, so that during my visit often four L.Tr were available for combat exercises and gunnery training. Based on the experience gained in Kasan and my personal impressions, the M.G. mounted to the right of the ‘main gun results in greatly decreasing the rate of fire. The Ladekanonier (loader) must get into a contorted position in order to load the M.G. A different mounting for the MG. and a larger turret ring diameter could reduce this problem. The space problem is also associated with the type of MG. The newly installed FLZM.G.15 results in a significant improvement. The wish to relocate the M.G. to the Richtkanonier (gunner) side in order to gain improved space for the loader (and also to reduce the distance be- tween the sight and the M.G.) was not successful because of space restrictions when it was attempted in the wooden ‘model available in Kasan. The following relate to the general questions on turret design: From experience gained in Kasan, the Kommandant (commander) belongs in the main turret and may not be hindered by any other tasks. The original plans to have a Kommandant in the turret proved to be im- possible in practice because of lack of space. During tac- tical exercises the Ladekanonier had to undertake the role of Kommandant. This led to a reduction in the rate of fre during combat exercises and also made it questionable as to whether guns firing at the tank would be quickly spotted. In addition, contact with the other tanks was lost. In addition to a Rundblickfernrohr (panoramic periscope), the Kommandant needs a Sehkuppel (vision cupola) on the turret top that allows an unobstructed view Below Right and Below: The interior of the Leichttraktor Turm designed and produced by Rheinmetall in 1930 with the panoramic periscopic gunsight and water-cooled coaxially mounted machinegun with drum magazine. (Krupp Archives)10 all sides through large adjustable vision slits protected by shatter-proof glass and secure against lead splash. His place is behind the Richtkanonier. But this can't be achieved because of space considerations. In new designs the Kommandant can be positioned behind the gun, as has already been planned for the L.Tr. A strong steel plate ‘must be Installed as a partition, and in addition the recoil cylinders must be designed with the utmost safety factor. If possible, the Kommandant must have a traversable seat that allows him to view to all sides. The Richtkanonier position is very tight. The location of the traverse and elevation handwheels in the L.Tr, have proven successful. The Ladekanonier space is very restricted because of the MG. While the gun is firing he must stand to get ammunition out of stowage. Because his seat isn't sus- pended from the turret like that for the Richtkanonier, a traversable platform must be installed. This is especially important when using an electrically driven traversing mechanism. The seat for the Ladekanonier proved to be suitable while driving. In the L.Tr. a deflector and spent cartridge sack proved to be successful. The crew were not hindered by spent propellant fumes. But a high rate of fire did not oc- cur ina closed turret. For safety reasons, in Kasan the hatches were always open when driving and firing. The spent cartridge sack also appears to be suitable for use with a 5 em gun, All these requirements lead to increasing the size of the turret ring and realigning the turret front to about 10 degrees (and therefore thicker armor). Ifthe commander in a turret with a 7.5 om gun is relocated to a position be- hind the gunner, and if in a turret with a 3.7 or 5.em gun the M.G. is disconnected from the main gun and fired from a separate ball mount, it won't be possible to prevent bulg- es, as can be seen in the wooden model at Kasan. No experience was gained in Kasan on the ques- tion of whether to use rivets or welds, because the turrets were not made of armor steel but only completed using normal steel. In the future, high value needs to be placed on good seals against lead splash, especially in the design of vision ports. Vision slits widened to 4 mm proved to be sufficient in size for a large view. The size of the crew hatches in the L.Tr. proved to be acceptable. The locks for retaining the opened hatch lids must be releasable from inside. The current design, where the crew must lean way out of the hatch in order to close them, is not acceptable. The Blinkgeraet (light signaling device) in the tu ret can be dropped in the future. On the one hand there is radio communication; on the other, the crew have difficulty using it because it must be aimed. In future, a 12-Uhr-Zeigersystem (12-hour clock) 318 is needed for communication between the Kommandant and Fahrer that, through a mechanical linkage, provides the Kommandant with the direction of travel while the tur- ret is traversed. It has proved to be absolutely necessary to have electrically driven as well as hand-cranked turret traverse, especially for the type of turrets on the L.Tr. The transfer _from fast speed (for target acquisition) to slow speed (for “fine adjusiment aiming and firing) requires the gunner to take his hand off the traversing wheel in order to change the speed. In practice this has proven to be impossible. Therefore, in Kasan both the Gr.Tr. and L.Te. were fired using only the slow speed traverse. The Kommandant needs a Turmrundblickfern- rohr (traversable periscope) mounted in the highest po- sition on the turret. Already in 1930 and 1931, reports complained about the large dead space in the connection linkage to the gun and the low magnification. A 2.5.x mag- nification with 29 degree field of view is desired instead of the current 1.2.x magnification with 58 degree field of view. In principle, the Turmrundblickfernrohr can be retained. However, itis desired that the periscope be removable so that a damaged glass can be replaced. If this is not pos- sible, at least the periscope should be easily replaceable, The eyes of the Richtkanonier should be posi- tioned at or above the tank's center of gravity so that, if possible, his body remains still. This will prevent the sight picture from appearing to move about as the gunner sways back and forth while trying to look through the sight as is presently the case. Also it is requested that the sight for the Richtkanonier should have 2.5 x magnification and 29 degree field of view. The aiming device should be similar 10 the Zielfernrohr (telescope) proposed by Zeiss, mounted parallel to the gun and secured to the turret roof. In order 10 prevent damage to the optics from hits, the forward end of the telescope should be mounted a short distance behind the turret front plate. The hole in the turret front plate should be protected against bullet splash. It still has to be determined (possibly by test firing) if the lenses in the sight provide sufficient eye protection for the Richtkanonier, or ifthe sight has to be designed with an offset. Modifications Based on documentation available at the time, in May 1935 Krupp prepared the following Entwicklungsgeschichte des L.Tr. (development history) that listed details of the testing program and the numerous ‘modifications: 7May30 23Jul30 Two L.Th sent to Kama in Russia Asa result of the report on driving trials dated 23 July 1930, the following modifi- cations were made: strengthening the ra- diators, replacing the Soden transmission with a normal transmission, converting tody steering brakes, modifying the driving and new track worked well. brakes, strengthening the suspension, and 12Feb31 Contract for two Sehkuppel and various replacing the drive wheels with harder improvements ones. 12Mar31 Test drive for the Nachschub-Fahrzeug 20Aug30 ‘Meeting in Berlin on the experience with after installing the steering unit and idler L.Tr in Kama, with a decision to install a wheels with rubber tires. new suspension 16Mar31 Contract for two Aphon transmissions 0ct30 Oberingenieur Hagellach visited Kama 26Mar31 Contract for two strengthened steering 3Nov30 Cables replaced with hydraulic actuated units with oil coolers steering brakes 30Apr31 Meeting in Kummersdorf on strengthening JINov30 ‘Meeting with In 6 to discuss various im- several suspension parts provements and installing an Aphon trans- 26May31__Sent the strengthened steering units to ‘mission in the Nachschub-Fahrzeug Kama. 1Dec30 The Nachschub-Farzeug was sent from Spring3 The tracks tend to climb off because of the Kummersdorf to Essen for installation of rear drive and the sprung idler wheel. The a new suspension, new tracks, strength- forged steel track links break. The rub- ened cooling, larger brake drums, and dry ber tires separate from the roadwheels. steering brakes. Later, these same parts ‘Steering with the new hydraulic unit is were sent io Kama for both L.Tr. good. 2iJan31 Sent parts for hydraulic steering to Kama 2Jun31 Report on the driving trials with the 31 Jan31 Two new suspension ordered for the L.Tr. Nachschub-Fahrzeug revealed lower (L.Tr.B with 8 double roadwheels, 2250 ‘resistance with the Aphon transmission, mm track contact length, weight increased steering unit, and rollers in the drive 10 7,500 kg) wheels. The idler wheel mounting and 4Feb3t Driving trials of the Nachschub-Fahrceug roadwheel caps are to be modified. in Meppen in which the new suspension 24Jul31 Both Sehklappen completed and accepted. se I ye an ern Tare or — = orate Seca me ‘Sectzbasls =» 1850 t Rica oj Ee 940 & Bodenauflage 2575 x ¥80 Z ~ 4295 * Schirerpunktslage cles Kp. L. Above: Original drawing created to show the center of gravity after modifying the suspension for the Krupp Leichttraktor 3-19Below: Krupp Leichttracktor (registration number 38) in 1933 after the suspension was modified. (BAMA)Above: A Krupp Leichttracktor after a shield was added in front of the radiator. (AMC) © Hitdopte78 ‘The Krupp Leichttracktor after the suspension was modified in 1933 3-2124dug31 Sep31 10Sep31 Dec3! MJan31 Summer32 3-22 Meeting in Berlin on the new suspen- sion and improving linear stability with a Ionger track contact length and shock ab- sorbers. Improvements to the idler wheel suspension. Obering. Woelfert visited Kama As reported from Kama, the Aphon trans~ mission is working well. The location of the engine is unfavorable, as it taxes the driver. Necessary modifications include changing the driving brakes to splined shafts, installing a longer and improved suspension with new drive wheels (L.Tr. Kp.C with 9 double roadwheels, 2575 mm track contact length, and weight increased 10 8,400 kg), and enlarging the air filter. Nachschub-Fahrzeug suspension modi- ‘fied by Daimler in Berlin-Marienfelde The new suspension on the Nachschub- Fahrzeng proved successful during driving trials in Kummersdorf. A new ‘method of mounting the roadwheels (with H-shaped arms without caps) was agreed upon. After the lengthened suspension was in- stalled, good linear stability was achieved during driving trials in Kama. Fall32 Both L.Tr, were overhauled in Heereszeugamt Spandau Assembly of the chassis revealed low stress. Driving trials were interrupted. Ata meeting in Essen, Krupp proposed to install a coil spring suspension in the Nachschub-Fahrzeug. During trials with both L.Te. in Wustrow gears broke in the steering unit. A coil spring suspension was installed as the sus- pension for the Nachschub-Fahrzeug in Kummersdorf Repaired steering units installed in both L.Tr. in Wustrow Improved roadwheel seals needed. L.Tr. transported back to Berlin. Before September 1932, the suspension of the L.Tr.Rhm had been modified by widening the 12 dou- ble roadwheels from 86 to 90 mm for the wider Kgw. '50/280/130 track links with lubricated bearings. The weight of the L.Tr.Rhm remained unchanged at 8,600 kg Experimentation with a torsion bar suspension in a Leichtiraktor was discussed on 16 May 1933, Photographic evidence reveals that 2 L.TeRhm ‘was modified to have four large-diameter double road- wheels on each side with a coil spring suspension. 19Dec32 22Dec32 Summer33 Oct34 29Nov34 Rheinmetall Leichttracktor modified after 1933 with an experimental suspensionAbove: A Rheinmetall Leichttraktor (registration number 40) after the suspension was modified before September 1932. (BAMA) Below: After returning to Germany, one of the two Rheinmetall Leichttraktor was modified by replacing the entire suspension with large-diameter roadwheels with a large coil spring for each swingarm (similar to the suspension used initially for the Zugfuehrerwagen project). (HM)‘Technical Data ‘The following Leichttraktor data from re- ports dated October 1932 and August 1933 reveal many of the differences between the Krupp and Rheinmetall designs. ae ~@ Leichttraktor Technical Data \* ‘Name. Lrkp. | LTrRhm. | [Fes ‘ Number built 2 2 ‘Armament in turret 37em | 3.7em 1sMG | 1sM.G. 2 ee ee ae 3.7 em ammunition 150 150 MG. ammunition 3000 _| 3000 _ ‘Armor (carbon steel) $14 | 514mm = SS mm : Crew 4 4 | Engine M36 | _M36 i h Daimler | Daimler als 4-cyl. 4-cyl 78 liter | 7.8 liter ar Horsepower 100 100 Boe Power to weight ratio 115 hpit| 11.2 hpit Maximum speed (km/hr) 30 30 Above: Measurements of the Rheinmetall Leichttracktor | Fuel capacity (liters) 220 220 after modification before September 1932 Range (kilometers) 137 137 Below: Measurements of the Krupp Leichttraktor [Transmission ‘speed | 4speed after modification in 1931 Steering Gletrac | Clete Length (meters) 4350 _|_ 4320 « [Width (meters) 2370 | 2.260 2 [Height (meters) 2.350 [2.270 * [Wheelbase (meters) L810 |_1.800 Total Weight (metric tons) [8&7 8.96 $ [Roadwheels per side 9 12 * [Pairing 2-4-2-1 [3x4 ‘Number of support points 4 3 . [Roadwhee! diameter (mm) | 400, | 210 260, 300 Roadwheel width (mm) 95 85 _ [rack type Dry pin | Bearings ; Track width (mm) 266 270 | Track pitch (mm) 130 130 4 5 _ We im __ [ack links per side Th 2 aa Track length (meters) 9.360 [9.360 | | | Track contact length (meter) | 2.565 | 2.720 ,& Support length (meters) 1.850 | 1.980 lS ———|-F§] [Ground pressure (kg/em2) | 0.73 O71 Ground clearance (mm) 305 250‘Zugfuchrerwagen (Z.W.) .W. Development The first indication that the German Army was interested in developing a new series of tanks has been found in the Technischer Bericht (technical report) section of Krupp’s Geschaeftsjahresbericht 1932/1933 (fiscal year business report) from the Kriegsmaterial-Abteilung dated 29 December 1933: The small tank klein Traktor (now named La.S.) has been accepted as standard equipment by the army. Its size and weight only allow machineguns as armament with armor that protects it against similar op- ponents. Therefore, the Waffenamt is striving to acquire a new, somewhat heavier and larger tank with a 2 em gun as armament that can penetrate armor that is proof against armor-piereing bullets. The design contract for this tank is going to Daimler-Benz, while we are to get a contract for a new 10 ton tank with a 3.7 em gun and machineguns for armament This report was based on secret preliminary design discussions between Wa Prw 6 (automotive design of- fice of the Heereswaffenamt), Krupp, and Daimler-Benz. While accurately projecting the course taken for turret, design, it did not reveal who would be design, ‘The tactical need for these two new series of light tanks (later known as the Pz.Kpfw.Il and Pz.Kpfw.IT1) was formulated by the Inspektion der Kraftfahrtruppen (In 6 - inspector for motorized troops) under the Allgemeine Heeres Abteilung (general army department). In 6 cre~ ated the tactical requirements, which they passed on to Wa Prw 6 with the request to proceed with conceptual designs. However, the decision to authorize the project and allocate development funds did not occur until the Amtschef (de- partment head!) meeting held on II January 1934. At this meeting, plans for procurement of all types of weapons and equipmentsfor the army - not just tanks - were discussed by the general staff officers to determine which were the high- est priority items that the army could afford within strict budget constraints. On 27 January 1934, In 6 gave Wa Prw 6 an authorization order to proceed with the developme of a Gefechtskampfwagen (lank) in the 10 ton weight class with a 3.7 em Kanone in the turret. Preliminary wolved in chat Above: A full-scale wooden model created at the conceptual design stage for the Zugfuehrerwagen project. Krupp was contracted to design a turret but not the chassis. (TTM) 3-25inquiries were held on which companies would be avail- able to participate in this new tank project. As noted by Obering.Hagelloch (Krupp) at a meeting attended by Generalleutnant Lutz (head of In 6), Major Breith (In 6), and Dipl.Ing. Blasberg (Wa Prw 6) on 24 February 1934: Lutz asked if we could also take over design of a 10 ton tank, I answered yes without naming a delivery date. Altogether, four different companies - Daimler- Benz, Krupp, M.AN., and Rheinmetall - were invited by Wa Prw 6 to submit proposals on this new tank project code-named Zugfuehrerwagen (platoon leader's tank), abbreviated Z.W. How rapidly this program was advane- ing is partially revealed in notes on a telephone con- versation between Herr Reif (M.A.N.) and Hauptmann ‘von Wilke (Wa A) on 18 June 1934: A proposal for the La.S.100 and drawing for the Z.W. should be delivered to Berlin before 30 June 1934. As stipulated in the technical specifications, Wa Prw 6 required a maximum speed of 40 km/hr and speci- fied that the water-cooled Maybach HL 100 engine rated at 300 horsepower, 6-speed Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen SSG 75 transmission, and Wilson Cletrac steering unit, and Ritcher Kgs. 65/326/100 tracks would be used. Wa Prw 6 compared the characteristics of the pro- posed designs for a Z.W.-Fahrgestell (chassis) from all three companies: ‘Development Firm DB MAN. Rhm. Total weight (kg) 12000 12000 12000 Length (mm) 5335 5400 5100 Width (mm) 2605 2600 2600 Height (mm) 2390 2420 Ground clearance (mm) 350350400 Wheelbase (mm) 2280 ©2275-2150 Track contact length (mm) 3200 3200 3200 Following evaluation of the proposals, Wa Prw 6 awarded contracts for detailed design and construction of trial chassis and turrets to the following firms 2 Versuchs-Fahrgestell (trial chassis) to Daimler-Benz 1 Versuchs-Fahrgestell (trial chassis) to M.A.N. 1 Versuehs-Turm (trial turret) to Rheinmetall 2 Versuchs-Turm (trial turret) to Krupp As recorded by Krupp in their annual business re- port for 1933/34, these contracts had been awarded before the end of 1934. Krupp’s Abteilung Heres (army depart- ment) reported that work had progressed on: development ofa wooden model and detailed design for the ZW. And Krupp’s K.M.Abteilung (war material department) report- ed: Among the new designs underway that will be built by us: A 3.7 em Turm (turret) for a tank (Zugfuehrerwagen) that is being built by other companies. Yersuchs-Turm (trial turrets) from Krupp Krupp designed and constructed their two Yersuchs-Turm at facilities in Essen and completed these 3-26 turrets in August 1934. On 24 August 1935, Wa Prw 6 sent Krupp a list of modifications that they wanted incorporated into series production turrets, as follows: The inspection of both Z.W.-Turm at the accep- tance firing trials on 20 August 1935 in Meppen resulted in the following picture: The overall design of the turrets meets the require- ments. These Z.W.-Turm from Krupp are to be used as the basis for series production and should be reworked to incorporate the smallest detail. The list of desired changes presented to Krupp includes: 1. Install a single row high-shoulder ball-bearing race. Proposals are to be requested from Kugelfischer and the Vereinigten Kugellagerfabriken. 2. Sealing frames for the Sehklappen (vision ports) are 10 be fastened by 6 mm countersunk bolts. All other coun- tersunk bolts are to be replaced with hex head bolts of me~ dium hardness and high ductility 3. The 12-Uhr-Anzeiger (azimuth indicator) on the turret traverse mechanism is to be lighted and moved to the left. Relocate it after the Zielfernrohr arrives in about October 1935, 4, Switch the positions of the Zielschiene (open sights) and Zielfernrohr (telescopic sight) if this is necessary based on the shape of the Zielfernrohr. 5. Allelectrical cables in the turret are to be Panzerkabel. 6. Fasten both ends of the electrie cable for the firing cir- cuit securely. 7. The switch lever for changing the turret traverse speed needs to be redesigned and based on a Wa Prw 6 proposal. 8, The alignment rods for the Zielschiene can be made weaker 9. The gears for the turret traverse mechanism need to be adjustable. 10. The signal light box is to be replaced with a smaller model. 11. The locks for the Signalklappen (signal ports) need to be perpendicular to the direction of travel. 12. The hand grip for the elevation mechanism needs to be stronger. 13. The location of the Seitenzurrung (traverse lock) is very uncomfortable; above all itis difficult 10 see. 14. The lock for the lid to the MG auxiliary mount needs 10 be stronger: 15. The retainer for the commander's seat needs to be modified. 16, The pivoting commander * seat should be secured in its lowered position. 17. The holding rails for the Schiebeklappen in the Kommandantenkuppel (commander cupola) won't with- stand a hit, 18. The grip on the lid to the Kommandantenkuppel is, too close to the numbered circle. 19. The retainers for the opened Turmlukendeckeln(side hatch lids) and the left half of the lid for the Kommandantenkuppel are to be modified. 20, All retainers to hold hatch lids (Turmlukendeckel and Kommandantenkuppel) open with a 5 cm gap for ventila- tion are to be designed so that they will prevent accidental closure, 21. The Daimler design for firing the machinegun is to be used. 22. The possibility of adding a removable or hingedi/stow- able auxiliary seat for the Ladeschuetce (loader) is to be investigated. 23. The armor shield protecting the gun is to be com- pleted. 24. The overhang of the lid for the Kommandantenkuppel is fo0 narrow: 25. The machinegun mount is fo be modified to accept Doppeltrommetn (double ammunition drums). Use the Daimter machinegun mount The test firing trial was not satisfactory. After core recting the failures, Krupp is to again test-fre a turret in Meppen at their own expense. Both the EMG 34 Nr55 and 56 left with Krupp are to be sent as soon as possible to Soemmerda for repair at Krupp expense. It is requested that care be taken to prevent this type of damage to valuable weapons in future. Both Z.W.-Tuerme are to be completed with all re- quired parts in Essen. After this is completed, Turm Nr.2 is to be sent to M.A.N. in Nuernberg. It is not necessary 0 complete all the major modifications before the turret is sent away, Afier being test-fired again, Turm Nr. 1 is to be retained in Essen as a model for further development. The status of turret and chassis completion were discussed in a meeting between Hauptmann Olbrich (Wa Prw 6) and Dr. Ritter and Dr. Mueller from Krupp: fn regard to the discussion about acceptance of the turrets, Olbrich remarked that after some minor changes the Z.W.- Turm was to be accepted. These changes are high priority because the first series production turrets must be deliv- ered next year. The chassis should already be completed, However, the Maybach 300 horsepower engine is still be- ing developed. On 22 February 1936, in a meeting between Major Dr. Olbrich (Wa Prw 6) and Krupp: Olbrich asked for the costs for redesigning the gun mantle for the Z.W. It is im- erative that the deadline of 15 April 1935 for completing the modified Z.W.-Turm be met. ‘The original form for the gun mantel was an external curve. This was to be replaced with a half-eylinder with welded ends. An external fixed mantle was to be designed to cover the gaps between the internal mantle and the turret front. ‘The fact that In 6 and Wa Prw 6 had not yet settled ona five-man crew for the Z.W. and were still searching for alternative turret designs was revealed in Krupp's an- Above: An original drawing from Rheinmetall for a Zugfuehrerwagen-Turm 3-27nual business report for 1934/35. The K.M.Abteilung re- ported that they were working on a proposal for a 2-Mann ‘Turm for the Z.W. with 3.7 em Kanone L/4S Further development history of their Versuchs- ‘Tuerme were reported in the Krupp technical annual re- port for 1935/36 as follows: The following contracts have been awarded: Geschuetzturm fuer Z.W. mit 3.7 em K. L/S. Both of these Versuchstuerme were delivered and the working drawings completed for the first production series of IS Geschuetzturm fuer Z.W. verstaerkt mit 3.7 cm K. LAS. A contract has been awarded for a single trial turret with increased armor which is currently being built. Geschuetzturm fuer Z.W. mit 3.7 cm K. L/S und 2 statt 3 Mann Bedienung. A trial turret for a crew of two is being built In a consolidated report listing all of their produc- tion completed for the army up to September 1939, Fried. Krupp A.G. reported that the following 3.7 em Versuchs- Tuerme had been completed at their facilities in Essen: 3. Z.W.-Tuerme mit Waffe 3.7 em | Versuchsturm V.T.37 mit Waffe 3.7 em 1 Versuchsturm V.1.371 mit Waffe 3.7 em Versuchs-Fahrgestell (trial chassis) from Daimler-Benz. On 15 January 1936, Wa Prw 6 reported that the first Versuchs-Fahrgestell had been completed in August 1935. In addition to the original contract for two trial chassis, Daimler-Benz was awarded additional con- tracts for the design and construction of two additional Versuchs-Fahrgestell “Z.W.3” and “Z.W.4”. Versuchs- Fahrgestell Z.W.3 was the test vehicle for the design that evolved into the 2./Z.W.Serie (later known as Pz.Kpfw. HIT Ausf-B) and Z.W.4 was the test vehicle for the design that evolved into the 3/2.W.Serie (later known as the Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.C and D). The following data table reveals the difference between the Versuchs-Fahrgestell designed by Daimler-Benz. Daimler-Benz Z.W. Versuchs-Fahrgestell ZW Z.W3 ZW4 Motor HL 100 HL 108 HL 100 Radiator 160 mm wide 160 mm wide 160 mm wide Cooling fans old Koenig FrAug.Huette | Koenig Fr.Aug-Huette Air filter 2.VM4 Delbag 2. VM4 Delbag 2. YMA Delbag Fuel tanks 4 4 a Cluteh 2 plates 3 plates 2 plates Transmission 6 speed 5 speed 6 speed rubber hard wood rubber Drive shaft between transmis- DB. with D.B. with Rheinmetall sion and steering unit hard bushing, hard bushing needle bearings Wilson steering unit old strengthened strengthened Brakes old strengthened strengthened Roadwheels 5 per side 8 per side 8 per side Springs single 2 groups per side 3 groups per side coil springs leaf springs leaf springs Drive sprocket wheel 21 teeth welded 21 teeth cast 21 teeth cast 809 mm diameter 809 mm diameter 809 mm diameter Idler wheel welded welded welded 670 mm diameter 770 mm diameter 770 mm diameter Track test tracks test tracks series tracks 360 mm wide 360 mm wide 380 mm wide Shock absorbers DB. Rus. Bus. 2 per end wheel 4 per side 4 per side 1 per middle wheel Wanne (hull) ‘armor plate carbon steel carbon steel Aufbau (superstructure) carbon steel carbon steel carbon steel Gratings none none with 3-28Fé Kop WG. 4 (4 fem) CARA ATA RO RAY? Above: The Rheinmetall Versuchs-Turm (trial turret) with the side hateh lid hinges at the rear mounted on a Daimler-Benz Versuchs-Fahrgestell for the Zugfuehrerwagen project. (BAMA) Below: The Krupp Versuchs-Turm with the side hatch hinges at the front and an external gun mantle mounted on a different Versuchs-Fahrgestell for the Zugfuehrerwagen project. (NA) 3-29Official Names The code name Zugfuehrerwagen (abbreviated ZL.W.) was used to identify the design projects authorized by In 6 and carried out by Wa Prw 6 and the designer/pro- duction contractors. As In 6 authorized additional produc- tion series, a series number was applied to identify each new project resulting in a total of eight series numbered from L.Serie/Z.W. to 8.Serie/Z.W. Tactical names were also used to identify the type of Panzer and its armament. ‘These evolved with time as follows: Gefechtskampfwagen 3.7 cm (Vskf7.619) (D601+, June 1934) 3.7 em Geschuetz-Kampfwagen (Chef der Heeresleitung, 120ct34) 3.7 em Geschuetz-Panzerwagen (Vsktz.619) (In 6, 28May35) 3.7 em Geschuetz Pz.Kpf.Wg. (In 6, 29Nov35) 3.7 em Pz.Kpf.Wg. (In 6, 15Jan36) The subject of Bezeichnung der gepanzerten. Eahrzeugen (names for armored vehicles) was pub lished in the A.H.M. (general army bulletin) dated 20 December 1935. In 6 divided Panzerfahrzeuge (armored vehicles) into three categories: Panzerkampfwagen (tanks), Panzerspaehwagen (armored cars), and Panzertransportwagen (armored transport vehicles). Panzerkampfwagen were further divided into three cat- ‘egories based on their armament (not weight), as follows leichte Panzerkampfwagen were armed with machine- guns or guns up to 7.5 cm, mittlere Panzerkampfwagen were armed with guns from 7.5 em to 10.5 em, and schwere Panzerkampfwagen were armed with 10.5 em guns and above Finally the name that would be retained through its entire wartime service was announced in the A.H.M. (general army bulletin) in a notice from In 6 dated 3 April 1936: New names have been selected for the following Panzerfahrzeuge (armored vehicles) that are from now on to be used in correspondence, new manuals, etc. The current manuals, etc. will not be changed until they are reworked. Previous Name: Gesch.Kpfi. (3.7 em ) (Vshfi.619) New Name: Panzerkampfiwagen IH (3.7 em) New Kfz.Nrs (Sd.Kfe141) Above: A Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.A with the 2.Kompanie/Panzer-Regiment 1 in the 1. Panzer-Division in Poland in 1939. (NA) 3-30Panzerkampfwagen III (3.7 cm) (Sd.Kfz.141) Ausfuehrung A Fahrgestell Nummer Serie 60101 - 60110 ‘The Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.A was very similar in de- Elektrische Ausruestung (electrical equipment) sign to the Versuchs-Fahrzeug “ZWW1", but almost every Located in the rear area of the hull, the engine is component had been changed as they strived for improve- flanked by a radiator and fan on both sides. The two 150- ments. The follo description from the secret German liter fuel tanks are mounted lower in the hull below the Army instruction manuals provides a valuable insight into radiators and are protected from the engine heat by fire the design of the Pz.Kpfw.IIL walls. The engine compartment is also separated from the ‘The Panzerkampfwagen III (3.7 em) (Sd.Kfz. crew compartment by a firewall with the necessary open- 141) Ausfuehrung A consists of three major components: ings for the main drive shaft, control rods, and electrical the Fahrgestell (chassis), the Panzerkastenobertell (su- lines. Two air filters for the engine and two batteries are perstructure), and the Turm (turret). The Fahrgestell and located in the crew compartment. Panzerkastenoberteil are bolted together along flanges The main drive shaft in a tunnel crosses the crew ‘compartment to the main clutch, which is flanged to the sis) transmission, A Kegeltrieb on the front of the transmis- ‘The Fahrgestell consists of the following main sion transfers power left and right with two slidable drive ‘components shafts to steering units with brakes, Panzerwanne (armor hull) ‘The steering units are bolted to the inside of the ‘Motor (engine) hull and connected to the final drives bolted to the outside Kraftstoffhehaelter (fuel tanks) of the hull. The final drives carry the drive wheel with Kuebler (radiator) sprockets to propel the tracks, ‘Zwischenwelle (drive shaft) The Leitraeder (idler wheels) are mounted in Hauptkupplung (main clutch) adjustable crank arms on both sides of the huill at the rear. Schaltgetriebe (transmission) ‘There are five Laufrollen (roadwheels) on individual Lenkgetriebe (steering unit) swing axles with coil springs mounted in boxes along Bremsen (brakes) the side of the hull. Two Stuetzrollen (return rollers) Seitenvorgelege (final drive) are positioned above the roadwheels. The Gleiskette Laufwerk (suspension) (tracks) running around all these wheels is covered by T — re Panzerkampfwagen III (Sd.Kiz.141) Aust.A ‘Copyright Panzer Tracts 2006 i= L 3-31Kettenabdeckbleche (track guards). The Fahrersitz (driver's seat) is on the left side of the transmission and the Funkersitz (radio operator's seat) ison the right, Gas, brakes, and clutch pedals are in front of the driver and steering levers on both sides of the seat. ‘The Panzerwanne (armor hull) encompasses the enclosed Bugpanzer (forward armor compartment), the open Wannenmittelteil (middle hull section), and the open Heekraum (rear area). The hull is constructed by welding together armor plates with the following th nesses and at the following angles to vertical: Plate Thickness Angle Glacis 10 mm. 87 Upper hull front 14.5 mm 50 Hull front 14,5 mm 20 Lower hull front 10 mm. 68 Sides 14.5 mm 0 Rear 14.5 mm 0 Belly 5mm 90 ‘The armor plates are made out of rolled, homoge- neous, nickel-free armor steel with 153 kg/mm? hardness {equal to 435 to 465 Brinell Hardness). This armor (in- cluding weld seams) was designed and tested to be proof against 7.92 mm S.m.K. (steel-core bullets) fired from rifles or machineguns at a range of 30 meters and striking at 0 degrees, Rigidity of the side walls was improved by cross members. There is a reinforcing bar extending across the back of the glacis plate and a stiffener across the belly at the front of the rear area. Strong stiffeners running across the outside of the hull rear also aid in securing the idler wheel axle. A flange for bolting on the superstructure runs along both upper edges of the side walls and across the rear. The belly is reinforced with formed stripes running both across and front to rear. These also serve to secure the drive train components and act as a tunnel for channe!- ing the brake cooling air. Boxes are welded onto the out- side of the side walls for mounting the roadwheel swing- arms and the idler wheel axle. The following ports and hatches are available for access and to service the automotive components: Inthe Bugpanzer: two adjustable 2-piece hatches for the driver and radio operator, and two bolted plates over, square holes for servicing the brakes and the drive shafts On the rear: two flaps for the fuel fillers, one bolted cap for the starter crank to the Schwangkraftanlasser (inertial starter), two bolted caps for the idler axle box On the belly: three bolted caps to drain oil under the Kegeltrieb, transmission, and engine; one bolted cap to service the oil filter and electric generator; and four bolted ope under bs fel tanks ¢ firewall betw: miata ais bole partition made up to several parts with various openings to service engine components 3-32 In addition, there are two tow couplings on the front (also used for stowing a tow cable) and one on the rear. Rippled deck plates cover the track guards. The front and rear end of the track guards are hinged so that they can be swung up when driving across a shell-cratered area. Clamps and holders on the deck plates are used to stow tools and equipment. The 12-cylinder Maybach HL 108 TR Motor (gas- line engine) has dry sump lubrication. The 10.8 liter e «gine has calculated rating of 300 horsepower at 2800 rpm and maximum calculated torque of 75 mkg at 2000 rpm. The engine is mounted at three points on rubber bushings. ‘The engine housing is made up of four parts: the V-form, block, the lower block, and the two cylinder heads. ‘The crankshaft is mounted in roller bearings be- tween the block and lower block. The connecting rods ‘mounted in pairs on the crankshaft have exchangeable bearing sleeves. The pistons, made out of light metal, have swimming connecting pins. ‘The valves are driven by the camshafts mounted at seven points on each of the cylinder heads, The camshaft gear is driven by a interim gear. Pivoting rockers open and close the hanging valves. The tachometer and magnetos are driven by the camshafts. The following auxiliary devices are mounted in and on the engine: 2 oil pumps in the block, 2 circulating oil pumps in the oil tank, 1 oil filter, | water pump and 1 electrical generator driven by belts and pulleys from the crankshaft, | two-barrel Fallstrom carburetor with a starter carburetor, 2 magnetos, driven by the camshafts, I electri- cal starter, and 1 inertial starter. ‘Two air filters and two electrical fuel pumps are mounted separately from the engine. ‘The Sehaltgetriebe (transmission) is designed for 300 horsepower and a maximum torque of 75 mkg. It is named SFG 75, the letters and numbers associated with the Synchronisiert (synchronized), Funf-Ganggetriebe (5-speed transmission) rated at 75 mkg. The transmission has five forward and one reverse gear with the following ‘gear ratios and vehicle speed at a 3000 rpm: 1, Gear $5.2 km/hr 2. Gear 10.5 km/hr 3. Gear 16.6 km/hr 4. Gear 24.8 km/hr 5. Gear 35.2 km/hr Reverse 5.5 km/hr The gears were changed by a stick shift mounted cn the side of the transmission. All gears with the excep- tion of first and reverse were synchronized. All five for- ward gears were beveled and constantly engaged. Reverse ‘gear was square cut. Synchronization made it easier to shift and is easier on the transmission. The Kegeltrieb (differential) housing with a gear ratio of 1:1.235 is boltedBelow: A parade in Berlin with a Pz.Kpfw.1II Ausf.B leading (wo Pz.Kpfn The cooling air intake for the en; and through openito the front of the transmission. There are additonal gear reductions of 1:2.27 in the Lenkgetriebe (steering unit) with its planetary gear and 1:4.4 in the Seitenvorgelege (final drive). ‘The Triebrad (drive wheel) has two sprockets with 21 teeth that engage side holes in the 360 mm wide track links, The track pins are 380 mm long with a head ‘on the inner end and a S-shaped retainer on the outer end. With a track pitch of 120 mm, the unlubricated cast tracks are designated as Kgs 6109/380/120. For maximum trac- tion, each track link has a gripper bar. They are cast as, skeleton track links for self-cleaning. A 100-mm-high tooth, cast onto the middle, guides the track link between the double roadwheels and aids in preventing the track from being thrown in heavy clay. ‘The Fahrgestell has a 12 volt Bosch electrical sys- tem. A 12 volt Bosch generator with a maximum output of 600 watts feeds the system and loads both 12 volt Varta 105 amp-hour batteries. Both batteries are connected by the starter switch in series to provide the 24 volts needed for the engine’s electrical starter motor. Panzerkastenoberteil (superstructure) The superstructure includes the Bugpanzer (front armor) and the Heckpanzer (rear armor). A machinegun is mounted in a Kugelblende (ball mount) in the super structure. A special periscope and two Sehklappen (vision ports) are provided for the Fahrer (driver), The Funker (radio operator) who also mans the machinegun, only has a sight in the Kugelblende. A radio antenna is mounted on the right side. ‘The main components in the Panzerkastenober- teil are: Bugpanzer (front armor) Heckpanzer (rear armor) Kugelblende (ball mount) Fahrersehklappe (driver's visor) Fahreroptik (. i. . oa . : ea SS Above: An Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.C can be recognized by the two Fichtel & Sachs Stossdaempfer (shock absorbers) mounted inside the front and rear return rollers. (WS) Below: There is a mixture of Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.A, B, C, and D in this parade. The engine cooling air in- take and exhaust arrangement on the rear deck of an Ausf.C was similar to the Ausf.B. (NA)Above: Unlike the vertical rear on an Ausf.B, the hull rear on an Ausf.C was inclined at an angle. There was still a centered tow bracket but without long strengthening ribs to the sides. (JP) Below: Not only did it have the same Kommandantenkuppel, the Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.C had the same drive sprocket wheels and idler wheels as the Pz.Kpfw.IL Ausf.D. (KHM)Panzerkampfwagen III (3.7 cm) (Sd.Kfz.141) Ausfuehrung D Fahrgestell Nummer Serie 60221 - 60225 und 60316 - 60340 ‘The Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.D was very similar to the ‘Ausf.C. Components that were redesigned for the Ausf.D included the Kraftstoffpumpe (fuel pumps), the Kuehler (radiators), Luefter (cooling fans), Kraftstoffbehaelter (fuel tanks), Laufwerk-Federung (suspension), Leitrad- Lagerung (idler mount), and Heekpanzer (rear deck). A new 6-speed transmission was also introduced with the Ausf.D. Armor protection remained unchanged from the previous Ausfuehrung. Panzerwanne (armor hull) - The access ports, drains, and tow brackets for the hull had again been changed, as follows: On the rear: The two fuel filler caps were dropped and there were only two instead of four holes with bolted caps on the box for the idler wheel axle, used to remove and install the shear pins. A bolted cap was added to cover the Luefterantriebscheibe (operating rod for the cooling fan drive). On the belly: Four holes with bolted caps were newly installed under the radiators to drain the coolant. ‘There were also two drain holes with bolted caps under the fuel tanks and two drain holes bolted caps under the drain valves. Motor und Kuehlanlage (engine and cooling sys- tem) - Two mechanical Kraftstoffpumpen (fuel pumps) driven by the engine replaced the electrical fuel pumps. To improve cooling, two Blockkuehler (radiators) were installed upright, instead of being slanted at an angle. Louvers, controlled from inside the crew compartment, were installed in front of each radiator to regulate airflow based on changes in the outside air temperature. Fuel was stored in four independent 75-liter Kraftstoffbehaelter (fuel tanks) with two located in pairs behind each other on both sides of the engine. The fuel tanks were protected on all sides by armor walls. Each tank had a separate filler accessed by opening a hatch on the engine deck. In addition, a Bodenventil (bottom valve), operated from inside the crew compartment, was added to each side in order to drain out leaking fuel in an emergency. ‘Schaltgetriebe (transmission) - The new 6-speed. synchronized Zahnradfabrik, Friedrichshafen SSG 76 transmission was rated for 76 mkg torque. The ratios for each individual gear were: 1:9.02 for 1 gear, 1:4.68 for 2M gear, 1:2.76 for 3% gear, 1:1.82 for 4* gear, 1:1.29 for 5 gear, 1:1 for 6" gear, and 1:7.3 for the reverse gear. Because gear ratios for the other drive train components remained the same, the maximum speed remained un- changed - but acceleration would have improved. Laufwwerk (suspension) - Retaining the same 2-4-2 3-50 layout as the Ausf.C, the anchored pivot points for the for- ward and rear swing arms were moved toward the middle (instead of the front and rear), and the forward and rear short leaf spring bundles changed to a slanted orientation. Improved single-action Daimler-Benz Stossdaempfer (shock absorbers) were mounted to the front and rear of the Stutzrollen (return rollers). ‘Heckpanzer (reat deck) - The Heckpanzer (021 B 23050) was redesigned to accommodate chang- ¢s to the radiators, cooling fans, and fuel tanks. The Lufteintriffsrahmen (cooling air inlet frames), located ‘on both sides of the Heckpanzer, were open at the side instead of on top. There weren’t any air intake holes cut into the hatch lids or the rear deck itself. Cooling air in- take could be increased by opening the Motor-Klappen (engine hatches). The Heckpanzer was extended (o the rear, creating an overhang past the hull rear for cooling air discharge Fliegerauslegearm (anti-aircraft pivoting mount = During the Ausf.D production run on 12 February 1938, Wa Prw 6 ordered: The Fliegerauslegearm is to be dropped from all La.S.100, Z.W. and B.W. vehicles. Orders for materials are to be canceled. Already complet- ed Auslegearme should still be mounted Last five 3b.Serie/Z,W. Fahrgestell - The first 25 Pz.Kpfw.IH Ausf.D,(Fgst.Nr.60316 to 60340) had the same Turm (021815001) and Kommandantenkuppel (021B5105) as the Ausf.C. However, completion of the last five 3b.Serie/Z.W. chassis (Fgst.Nr.60221 to 60225) with leftover 2.Serie/Z.W. Turm und Panzerkas- tenoberteil was delayed until October 1940, Instead of or- dering the manufacture of all outdated parts, these last five chassis were unique in having a few improved parts used for their assembly, such as the idler wheel designed for the 3c Serie/Z.W. (Pz.Bef,Wg. Ausf.D), 30 mm Kugelblende (machinegun ball mount) from the 4.Serie/Z.W. (Pz. Kpfw.1II Ausf.B), and the Notek Tarnscheinwerfer and Abstandlicht (black-out headlight and convoy taillight).| — Panzerkamptwagen II i (Sd.Kiz.141) Ausf.D © « #2 =a. (a O eet eee) Copyright Panzer Tracts 2006 Copyright Panzer Tracts 2006 Copyright Panzer Tracts 2006 3-51Above: As can be seen on this clear photo of a new Pz.Kpfw.lII Ausf.D, like all Panzers produced from early 1938 to mid-1940, a camouflage pattern (13rd Dunkelbraun and 2/3rds Dunkelgrau) was applied at the assembly plant. (NA) Below: The hull rear of the Pz.Kpfw-III Ausf.D was completely changed from its predecessor the Ausf.C. ‘The tail plate was set at a different angle. There were different track tension adjustors and exhaust mufflers, and two tow brackets were bolted to the hull sides and rear. (AMC)eft: a Packkasten f. Ueberzuege b- Sender ¢- Empfaenger d-M.G.Werkzeug -tasche e- M.G.Werkzeug ~tasche f- Kasten f. Dop- pelfernhoer g- Gasmaske h- Kasten mit besttuecher 1- Gepaeckbundel m - Gepaeckbundel n- Laufbehaelter 34 0 - Segeltucheimer Below: a- Kasten f. 12 Patronen f. Leuchtpistole, b - Kasten f. 3 Schutzglaeser, ¢ - 6 Magazine f. M.P. in Tasche, d- Kasten £. 60 Patr, f. 3.7 em Kw.K., ¢ - Verbandkasten, f- 2 Pistolen 08, g - 3 Feldflaschen, h - Signalflaggen, i - Fuehrerwimpel, k - Doppelfernrohr 6x30, | -Schutzglas, m - Leuchtpistole, n - Kasten f. Doppelfernhoerer, 0 - Gasmaske, p - 24 Patronentromme! 34, q - 4 Patronentrommel 34Kurbel f. Kuehle Schutzgl c- Oclkanne d- Gasmaske €- 2 Schutzglaeser a g- Fettpresse h-2 Spritzkannen i- Magnetlampe k- Steckschluessel 1- EE, (Vorrat) Halter MG.Left: =» 3.7 em KwK. und 2 M.G.34 im Turm = oe a- Gasmaske ey b - Laufbehaelter 34 | ¢~MaschinenpistoleAbove: a- S-Haken, b - Wagenwinde, c - Feuerloescher, d - Brechstange, e - Kettenspanner, f= grosse Drahtschere, g - Stahldrahtscil. Andrehkurbel und 5 Nebelkerzen in Abwurfvorrichtung hinten an der Panzerwanne (not shown) ~ Feuerloescher, k - Wischer mit Wischerueberzug (fuer 3.7 em Kw.K.), l- langer Spaten und halblange Axt, m - Werkzeugkasten III, n - Unterlegklotz f. WagenwindeAbove and Below: Photographed at the Daimler-Benz assembly plant in June 1940, these are two of the five Pz.Kpfw.IlI Ausf.D chassis (Fgst.Nr.60221 to 60225) from a contract extension ordered to mount Ausf.B superstructures and turrets left over after five Ausf.B chassis were diverted for Versuchs- ‘Sturmgeschuetz. The 3b/Z.W. Fahrgestell (above) has a sheet metal superstructure that was used for test drives prior to acceptance. These 3b./Z.W. Fahrgestell have idler wheels that were designed for the 3c./Z.W. (Pz.Bef.Wg. Ausf.A) and the rear shock absorber was mounted lower than at the front. (DB)Above and Below: Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.D (Fgst.Nr. 60221 to 60225) with Ausf.B turrets, completed in October 1940 and issued to Panzer Abteilung z.b.V.40, have unique features such as a Notek Tarnscheinwerfer and Rueckabstandslicht (convoy light) and a 30 mm Kugelblende (ball mount) for the M. MC, NA)Modificatio: series of improvements were introduced after the Pz. Kpfw.III Ausf.A and D were completed and issued to units. Among these modifications was a Nebelkerzen- abwurfvorrichtung (smoke grenade discharge rack) back- fitted to the rear of the Panzer, starting in August 1938. An operating rod connected to a cam shaft is used to release the smoke grenades one at a time. Chains are attached to the pins so that when the smoke grenades drop, the pins pull out and the grenade discharges to create a smoke- screen, Up to September 1938, Pz.Kpfw.llI had been is- sued without a Kurskriesel (gyroscopic compass) because their delivery had been delayed. The missing Kurskriesel ‘were then sent directly to the units from the production plant. On 25 February 1939, In 6 reported on the ac- tions taken to correct reported deficiencies along with the intended or already implemented improvements to the Pz.Kpfw.lll, as follows: 1. 10 meter Abschleppseil (tow cable) breaks because of sharp bends at the Zughaken (tow hooks). Correction = 10 meter long cable was divided into two 5 or 4.5 meter cables of the same length. Tow cables with associated stowage holders on the vehicle have been implemented. 2. Lights on the instrument panel blind the driver. Correction - The light bulbs are to be replaced with blue bulbs. This deficiency has been corrected in the 4.Serie Pz.Kpfw.lll Ausf.E, 3. High spark plug replacement. Correction - Replace the plugs with a new model W 225/24 with a strengthened middle electrode. 4, Shock absorbers leak and the body cracks. Correction ~ This deficiency is corrected in the Ausf.A by installing a nozzle, Ausf.B and Ausf.C have different shock absorb- ers. This deficiency was corrected on the Ausf.D. 5. Damage to the brakes in the 1. and 2.Serie Pz.Kpfw.IIL ‘AusfA and B. Correction - The damage can be prevented by correctly adjusting the brakes. The size of the brake drums was increased by 25% in the 3.Serie Pz. Kpfw.lIl Ausf.C and D and 50% in the 4.Serie. 6. Electrical fuel pumps fail because the contacts burn. Correction - The problem was corrected by different con- tacts, Mechanically driven fuel pumps are installed start- ing with the Aust. 7. Handle for the driver on the flange below the driver's, visor. Correction - A handle backfitted as a modification has been implemented for the 1. to 3.Serie Pz.Kpfw.1IT Ausf.A to D. This improvement is already planned to be installed starting with the Aust, 8. Engine cooling is not sufficient because of the tilted ra- diators. Correction - This problem can’t be corrected with a backfit. The radiators are installed standing upright start- ing with the Ausf.D. 3-60 9. Increased wear on the roadwheels starting with the 2.Serie. Correction - This is a natural occurrence with smaller diameter roadwheels. Wear will be less on the larger diameter roadwheels installed starting with the Aust-E. 10, Breaks occur in the bearings for the double swing arms. Correction - This problem has been corrected by ex- actly shaping the core of the cast piece. Different bearings are installed starting with the Ausf.E. LL, Shafts shear in the SSG 76 transmission. Correction - Cause of the problem is still not known. A different trans- mission is being installed starting with the Ausf.E. 12, The signal light is located in an unfavorable position, for the commander. Correction - The signal light has been relocated to a position where it can be seen by the com- ‘mander. This improvement is to be implemented starting with the 4.Serie Pz.Kpfwalll Ausf-E. 13, Outfitting the Pz.Kpfw.111 with an adjustable com- mander’s seat is necessary. Correction - A change would bbe most difficult and therefore not implemented. The defi- ciency is to be corrected by adding pillows onto the seat. 14. A hole in the belly to eject spent shell casings is needed. Correction - A modification is not foreseen. Spent shell casings can be ejected from the ventilation holes in the roof or by opening the hatches on the turret sides. The turret should be turned so that the loader is protected against enemy fire. A bottom hole for spent shell casings is planned for new P2.Kpfw.III chassis. 15. Debris is sucked into the engine compartment. Correction - The user units can backfit wire screens on the ir intake openings. 16. A backrest is desired for the loader’s seat. Correction - A backfit modification is planned. Starting with the Serie, the loader will sit on a seat above an ammunition bin. 17. Connecting cables in the mechanism for firing the ma- cchineguns haven’t worked out. Correction - Starting with the 3.Serie, this was corrected by installing a rod-cable-rod linkage mechanism.Weapons Data: In Turret: Elevation: Traverse: Gunsight: In Hull Ammunition: Crew: Communication: Measurements: Length, overall Width, overall Width, Hull Height, overall Firing Height: Wheel Base: ‘Track Contact: ‘Combat Loaded: Fuel Capacity: Armor Protection: Hull: Driver's Front Plate Glacis Hull Front Lower Front Plate Superstructure Side Hull Side Hull Rear Deck Belly Turret: Cupola Gun Mantle: Turret Front Turret Sides Turret Rear Deck Panzerkampfwagen III (3.7 cm) (Sd.Kfz.141) Ausf.D Fgst.Nr.Serie 60316 - 60340 1-3,7 om Kw.K. (L/46.5) 2-7.92 mm M.G.34 ~10, + 20 degrees 360 degrees T.Z.Fa (2.5 x 25 degrees) graduated to 1200 meters 1-7.92 mm M.G.34 121 -3.7 om Pzgr 4500 - 7.92 mm Smk in 60 drum magazines ‘Commander Gunner Loader Radio Operator Driver FuS and Fu2 Intercom 5.920 m 2.820 m 4.860 m 2415m 1.680 m 2.386 m 3.255 m 16 metric ton 300 liters: 14.5 mm/9 degrees 10 mmis7 degrees 14.5 mm/19 + 51 degrees 10 mmi68 degrees 14.5 mm/0 degrees 14.5 mmi0 degrees 14.5 mm/10 + 34 degrees 10 mm/88 + 76 degrees 5 mmv/90 degrees 30 mm/0-round 16 mmvround 16 mm/15 degrees 14.5 mm/25 degrees 14.5 mm/25 degrees 10 mm/81 + 90 degrees Automotive Capabilitie Maximum Speed: ‘Avg. Road Speed Cross Country: Range on Road: Cross Country: Grade: Trench Crossing Step: Fording Depth: Ground Clearance: Ground Pressure Power R Steering Ratio: 36 kevhr 22 kmvnt 40-12 krn/hr 465 km 95 km 30 degrees 26m 57.5om 80cm 37.5.0m 0.65 kglom? 15.6 HPi/ton 1.36 Automotive Components: Motor: Transmission: Reverse 1. Gear 2. Gear 3. Gear 4. Gear 5. Gear 6. Gear Steering: Drive: Roadwheels: Tires: Suspension: Track: Links per side: Maybach HL 108 TR V-12, water-cooled 108 liter gasoline 250 HP @ 2800 rpm SSG 76 4.8 km/hr 3.9 km/hr 7.5 km/hr 12.8 km/hr 19.3 krvhr 27.3 km/hr 35.2 kmihr Differential Front sprocket 8x2 per side Rubber Leaf springs kgs.6109/380/120 Dry pin 360 mm wide with 120 mm pitch 96 3-61Pz.Kpfw.1II Aust Production In early 1936, General Beck, Chef des Generalstab des Heeres (chief of staff) had questioned why In 6 was still ordering large numbers of M.G.Pz. Kpfw. and 2 em Pz.Kpfw. instead of 3.7 em Geschuetz-Pz.Kpfw. when tanks armed with guns having better armor penetration were needed and more than sufficient light tanks had al- ready been produced to fill the light platoons in the Panzer- Regiments organization. In a letter dated 28 January 1936, Inspektion der Kraftfahrkampftruppen und fuer Heeresmotorisierung (In 6) under the Allgemeine Heres Abteilung (AHA) explained why the 3.7 em Geschuetz~ Pz.Kpfw. couldn't go into mass production immediately: AHA is of the opinion that the 3.7 em Geschuets- Pz.Kpfiw. is not a mature design and won't be before 1 April 1937, so we can not responsibly order the monthly production of 100 of this type of tank starting in January 1938, This is based on: At this time the two first Versuchs (trial) 3.7 em Pz.Kpfiw. are being tested. These two Versuchsstuecke (trial pieces) are in no way an adequately wide technical foundation upon which to base the immediate production of several hundred Pz.Kpfw. at a price of about 150,000 Marks each ‘Twenty-five 3.7 em Gesch.Pz. Kpfw. are to be de- livered to the troops by I April 1937. These are O-Serie vehicles, that are purposefully called Versuchs-Serie (trial series). These trial vehicles will certainly have deficien- cies that must be recognized and corrected. All previous experience supports the view that the technical exploita- tion of the Versuchs-Serie can't be expected to be complet- ed until the Fall of 1937. In addition, tactical experience has an important influence on the technical design of the Pc.Kpfw. This tactical input can't be depended on until the Summer of 1937. After completion of technical and tactical testing of the 3.7 em Pz.Kpfv. Versuchs-Serie, the detailed design drawings must be worked on. Since by experience this takes about four months, the drawings won t be delivered 10 the production plants until the turn of the year 1937/38. Fabrication can be started once the drawings are com- pleted, at which point it takes another nine months before the first examples of a mass production series can be deliv- ered. Therefore, at the earliest it will be the Fall of 1938 when the first 3.7 em Gesch.Pz. Kpfw. from a Gross-Serie (mass production) contract will be given t0 the troops. AHA believes that this view of the technical situa- tion has been optimistically reported. AHA can't condone the use of available funding to acquire weapons in large numbers that can very easily fail because of technical defi- We must refer to the often repeated directive from 3-62 the Ob.d.H. that high value combat equipment may be pro- duced in large series only after itis really Fertigungsreif (a mature design, ready for production). In conclusion, it still remains to be remarked that without question units, consisting of only M.G. and 2. cm Gesch.Pz. Kpfiw. have a very significant combat value. wsuchs-Serie Production Pla Wa Prw 6 reported that contracts for production of the 0-Serie had been awarded in December 1935, with delivery scheduled to begin in October 1936. ‘As reported during a meeting with Major Dr Olbrich (Wa Prw 6) on 22 January 1936: Krupp is now to receive a contract to produce the armor components for five Z.W.Tuerme (turrets) for delivery to Krupp Grusonwerk assembly plant, which is to complete 10 turrets. The other five sets of armor components are to be produced by a different company (Deutsche Edelstahlwerke A.G., Werk Hannover). Olbrich foresees giving more contracts to Krupp in 1937. A large contract for ZW. is expected, because the ratio of Z.W. to B.W. production is 3 to 1. In a meeting between Obering. Woelfert (Krupp) and Blasberg (Wa Prw 6) on 17 June 1936:-Blasberg stated in confidence that 25 Z.W. are to be produced, of which 10 are to have Schraubenfedern (coil springs) and the rest Blatifedern (leaf springs). Great difficulties are occurring with the costs of production and design changes because a final Versuchs-Fahrgestell mit Aufbau (trial tank) isn't available. On 30 September and 8 October 1936, the status of Panzer production was reported as: Af this time, 65 Px. Kpfw.lI have been ordered. Delivery to the troops of the first few Pz.Kpfiw. IM from the 0-Serie of 25 should oc- cur in February 1938. 20 Pz.KpfwllL from this 0-Serie are scheduled to be delivered hetween February and I August 1937. In addition, four of the O-Serie Fahrgestell (chassis) are to be used for testing Sturmgeschuetz mit Holzaufban (7.5 cm assault guns with wooden superstruec- tures) in April and May and one example Sturmgeschuetz in steel in July 1937. After completion of this O-Serie by the end of July 1937, delivery of a 2,Versuchs-Serie of 40 Ps. Kpfw.II1 is scheduled to occur from November 1937 10 1 April 1938. The first examples of a Gross-Serie are not expected to be delivered to the troops before the Fall of 1938. 1 Serie/Z.W. - Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.A Producti Wa Prw 6 awarded contracts to Daimler-Benz Werk 40 for assembly of ten L-Serie/Z.W.Fahrgestell (chassis with Fgst.Nr.60101 to 60110) and Panzerkastenoberteile (superstructures). Krupp- Grusonwerk received Wa Prw 6 contract Nr. 66884/36 for assembly of ten 1.Serie/Z.W. Tuerme (turrets) with TurmNr. 60101 to 60110. ‘The assembly plants were responsible for install- ing components and equipment into the armor bodies to create functioning turrets and chassis. While some of the parts and components needed for assembly were produced at the assembly plant, most of the parts and components were completed by other subcontracted companies and delivered to the assembly plant for final installation, More than 100 subcontractors were involved in the L.Serie/ ‘ZW. project ranging from batteries from Accumulatoren Fabrik A.G. to transmissions from Zahnradfabrik, Friedrichshafen, The following subcontracts produced the important components for the Pz.Kpfw.LII Ausf.A: Askaniawerk - K.RRII (driver’s periscope) Continental - Gummi-Bereifungen (rubber for road- wheels) Daimler-Benz - M.G.-Kugelblende (ball mount) Deutsche Edelstahlwerke - 5 armor bodies for turrets and 10 armor hulls Ernst Leitz - T.Z.F'Sa (telescopes) Hans Windhoff - Kuehler (radiators) Maybach Motornenbau - HL 108 TR Motor Ritscher - Ketten (track links) Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen - SFG 75 transmission Daimler-Benz Werk Marienfelde reported on their attempts to complete the first two 1.Serie/Z.W. chassis in November 1936, as follows: 160ct36 - Two chassis are to be completed in November, predicated on the punctual delivery of materials. 270ct36: Herr Oberlaender had purchased the list of miss- ing materials. He was doubtful that two chassis would be completed in November. Direktor von Hentig is attempt- ing to pull together all the measures that will be needed to complete at least one chassis by the end of next month. 3Nov36: Herr Oberlaender stated that one chassis will be completed in November. Herr Wunderlich reported that Hauptmann Wollenhaupt had telephoned and informed him that Daimler-Benz should plan on completing 12 to 13 ‘Z.W.-Fahrzeuge per month from October 1937 to April 1938. On 6 October 1936, OKH reported that they ex- pected to have three complete Pz.Kpfw.III delivered to the troops by 1 April 1937. However, delays in produc- tion occurred and the OKH did not report having a single Pz.Kpfw.lIL in their inventory on 1 May 1937. A total of 12 P2.Kpfw.IIl were recorded in the OKH inventory re- ported on 1 October 1937, and therefore it can be assumed that the Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.A had been completed and de- livered to army units between May and September 1937 ‘These ten Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.A. were reported as being on hand with the following units on 2 November 1937. 5 in Kraftfahrkampftruppenschule Wunsdorf (motor- ized combat troop school) (Fgst.Nr.60101, 60103, 60104, 60105, and 60106) 1 in Kraftfahrkampfturppenschule Schiesslehrgange (gunnery school) Putlos 2 with Pz.Rgt.5 in Wunsdorf (Fgst.Nr.60107 and 60108) 2.with Pz.Rgt.t in Erfurt 2.Serie/Z.W. - Pz.Kpfw.LII Ausf.B Production ‘The Heeres Waffenamt awarded contracts to Daimler-Benz Werk 40 in Berlin Marienfelde for assembly of 15 2.Serie/Z.W. Fahrgestell (chassis) Fgst.Nr.60201 to 60215 with Panzerkastenoberteil (superstructures) Krupp-Grusonwerk was awarded contract Nr. 6994/36 for assembly of five 2.Serie/Z.W. Panzertuerme (turrets) to be delivered to Daimler-Benz, Berlin-Marienfelde. Additional subtractors were pulled into produe- tion of components for the Z.W.-Programm, including Rheinmetall, Unterluess to produce five 3.7 em Kw.K. and Stahlwerke Harkort-Bichen GmbH, Hagen to produce ar- mor components for turrets. Krupp, Essen steel plants also received contracts for production of 10 turret armor bodies and five 3.7 em Kw.K. By 9 November 1937, eight Pz.Kpfw.1l Ausf.B. with 3.7 em turrets had been delivered to and were present, with the following units: six to Kraftfahrkampftruppen- schule Schiesslehrgange (gunnery school) Putlos and two (o Pz.Rgt.5 in Wunsdor? (Fgst.Nr.60212 and 60213). At this time, the last two Pz.Kpfw.11I Ausf.B (Fgst.Nr.60214 and 60215) were still in the assembly plant but were re- ported to be with Pz.Rgt.1 in Erfurt on 6 December 1937 rielZ.W. = IHL Ausf.C and D Producti Daimler-Benz Werk 40 in Berlin Merienfelde received Heres Waffenamt contracts for assembly of 15 3a.Serie/Z.W. Fahrgestell (chassis) Fgst.Nr.60301 to 60315 with Panzerkastenoberteil (superstructures) for the Pz.Kpfw.LII Ausf.C and contracts for assembly of 25 3b.Serie/Z.W. Fahrgestell (chassis) Fgst.Nr.60316 to 60340 with Panzerkastenoberteil (superstructures) for the Pz.Kpfw.lII Ausf:D. Krupp-Grusonwerk received a contract for assembly of four 3.Serie/Z,W.Panzertuerme and Alkett, Berlin-Tegel received a contract to assemble the other 36. Additional subtractors pulled into the Z.W. pro- duction program included: Deutsche Edelstahlwerk AG, Werk Hannover, Eisen und Huettenwerk, AG, Bochum, Krupp, Essen, and Stahhwerk Harkort-Bichen GmbH, Hagen for armor components Krupp-Essen for four 3.7 em Kw.K. and Rheinmetall, Unterluess for 36 3.7 em Kw.K. Completion of the four 3.7 em Kw.K. by Krupp, Essen and the related four 3./Z.W. turrets by Krupp- Grusonwerk, Magdeburg were reported as: 270c137 - Four Z.W. Kw-K. Nr. 26 to 29 from Krupp, Essen arrived in Magdeburg. 3-6325Nov37 - The acceptance firing trials for the four 3./ Z.W.Tuerme is to occur in Meppen on 6 and 7Dec37. 2Dec37 - The following four Z.W.Tuerme with assembly stands were sent from Magdeburg to the firing range in Meppen: Turm Nr.14 mit Geschuetz Nr:29, Turm Nr.13 mit Gesehuetz Nr.27, Turm Nr.18 mit Geschuetz Nr.28, ‘and Turm Nr.20 mit Geschuetz Nr:26. 13Dec37 - The four 3.7 em Z.W. were sent from Meppen to Grusonwerk. 25Jan38 - Grusonwerk is to deliver their Z.W.Aufbauten on 31Jan38, 10Feb38 - The four 3.7 em Kw.K, Rohr Nr.26 to 29 were accepted and released by Heereswaffenamt inspectors. 21Feb38 - Major Kreckel requested that the third turret could be shipped by itself, because it was urgently needed. ‘The fourth turret can be sent on as soon as the replacement ball-bearing race is received. 28Mar38 - The contract for 3/Z.W.Aufbauten has been completed by Krupp-Grusonwerk As reported on 4 January 1938, the first four 3.Serie/Z.W.Tuerme, completed by Alkett, had alread been inspected by the Heeres Abnahmestelle (acceptance inspectors) at Daimler-Benz. A total of 23 Pz.Kpfw.1I (G.7 em) were reported as being in the OKH inventory on | January 1938. Therefore, at least three Pz.Kpfw.IIT Ausf.C (with Fgst.Nr-Serie 60301 to 60315) had been completed and issued to a unit in December 1937, A report dated 7 September 1938 listed 42 Pz.Kpfw.IUL (3.7 em) in the inventory on I April 1938, another 18 delivered between I April and 30 June, and an additional 2 between I July and 30 September 1938. A separate report from Wa J Rue records that 19 Pz.Kpfw. IIL had been completed between | April and 30 November 1938, 42 plus 18 plus 2 equals 62, and 42 plus 19 equals 61. Since only 60 out of the 65 were completed as Pz. Kpfw.lll (3.7 em) (five Ausf.B chassis diverted for the Sturmgeschuetz 0-Serie), 42 in the inventory on | April 1940 is several too high. This could have been due to In 6 reporting an inventory with some that had been ordered to be issued but not actually delivered yet (as sometimes oc- curred), Additional surviving OKH inventory records report 56 Pz.Kpfw.llT on I July 1938, 59 on | October 1938, and 60 on I March 1939. From the few surviving production and inventory reports, it can be derived that the last of the 25 Pz. Kpfw.IIl Ausf.D with Fgst.Nr.60316 to 60340 had been completed by September 1938 (and prob- ably as early as July 1938). 2.Serie/Z.W.Turm on 3c./Z.W.Fahrgestel Since five 2.Serie/Z.W.Fahrgestell (chassis) were diverted for completion of the 0-Serie Sturmgeschuetz, there were five 2.Serie/Z.W.Tuerme and Bugpanzer left over from the Ausf.B assembly contract, The Heeres 3-64 Watfenamt contracted with Daimler-Benz to assemble another five 3b./Z.W. chassis as replacements. But these were delayed when priority was given to completing the 4. to 6.Serie/Z.W.Fahrgestell contracts at Daimler-Benz. Their final assembly was delayed for over two years until after Daimler Benz completed their Pz.Kpfw.Il Ausf.G contract, These five 3b./Z.W.Fahrgestell (Fgst.Nr.60221 to 60225) with 2.Serie/Z.W.Panzertuerme were reported by Wa J Rue as the last five Pz.Kpfw.LIL with 3.7 em Kw.K. completed in October 1940 with a clarifying note “Nachlieferung 2./Z.W.”. Organization and Issue Plans for outfitting units with new Panzers re- flected production schedules. On 6 October 1936, the OKH planned to create the first units with six Pz.Kpfw.LIL that would be available for troop trials in the Summer of 1937. ‘Two provisional le.Pz.Kp.(a) cach with a Zug (pla- toon) of three Pz.Kpfw.lII (3.7 em) (Sd.Kfz.141) ,were to be created before the official K.St.N.1171a was re- leased. Panzer-Regiment 5 in Wunsdorf (near Berlin) and Panzer-Regiment I in Erfurt were chosen as the first spe~ cial demonstration units with this provisional organization and were the first combat units to be issued new Pz.Kpfw. MI Ausf.A and B. ‘As shown in the following table, on 27 June 1939 In 6 released a list detailing their plans for issuing Panzers to all units by 15 August 1939. As reported by the O.Qu. (supply department), the number of Pz.Kpfw.HIT actually available with each unit at the start of the campaign against Poland on | September 1939 is shown in the third column. These reports did not identify the Pz.Kpfw.III by model types. A separate report reveals that the I.Abteilung/ Panzer-Lehr-Regiment had been issued mainly Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf.E. Pz.Kpfw.III with the other Panzer-Regiments were mostly Ausf.C and D, with a few Ausf.A and B, Plans for Available Unit 1SAug39 — 1Sep39 PzRgt.l 16 20 PuRgt2 8 6 Pz.Rgt3 3 3 PzRetd 3 3 PzRgts 3 3 PZRBl6 3 3 P2Rgt.7 3 3 Pz.Rgt8 3 3 L/Pz.Rgt.10 z 3 Pz.Rat15 3 3 L/Pz.Lehr-Rgt. 40 37 Schiesslehrg. 4 nt Total: 92 98 *in Ersatzheer and Schulen (replacement training units and schools)Above: After being taken out of service in February 1940 these two Pz.Kp{w.III Ausf.D (Fgst.Nr. 60321 left) and (Fgst.Nr. 60339 right) were issued to Pz.Ers.u.Ausb.Abt. (training units). (KHM & WS) Below: Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.C had the same 3./Z.W. turret as the Ausf.D - Sehklappen (vision ports) without, vision slits on the turret sides and conical headed bolts securing the vision slit on the side hatches. (JP)Combat Service With the exception of those left behind with schools such as the Schiesslehrgang (gunnery training, unit) and Panzer-Ersatz-Abteilungen (replacement train- ing units), most of the 60 Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.A to Ausf.D completed by the Fall of 1938 were used in combat during the campaign in Poland starting on 1 September 1939. A total of 30 Pz.Kpfw.lIl were reported as having been lost by 24 September 1939. Most of these were not complete writeoffs and included mechanical breakdowns as well as damage in combat requiring higher echelon repairs above the ability of the Panzer-Regiments own maintenance com- panies. As reported by the Chef Heeresrustung und Befehishaber der Ersatzheeres on 19 February 1940 on the Austausch von Pz.Kpfw.II neuester Art gegen Pz.Kpfw.IIl Serie 1-3 (exchange of the newest model Pz.Kpfw.III for Pz.Kpfw.IH Ausf.A-D) program: The scheduled delivery from Heereszeugamt Magdeburg is about four each day, because all the new Pz.Kpfw.1I must be modified at the Heereszeugamt before they can be loaded for rail transport. On 29 February 1940, the Chef H.Rue u, BdE reported: The exchange of Pz.Kpfw.III with thin armor for newly produced Pz.Kpfw.III with stronger armor has mainly been completed, 34 Pz.Kpfw.1L were taken out of service for major overhaul in February 1940, After being refurbished, these Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.A to Ausf.D were issued to Panzer Ausbildungs und Ersatz- Abteilungen to be used for training replacement crews. ‘As part of this exchange program, four Pz.Kpfw. TIL Ausf, issued to Panzer-Regiment 15 on 14 February 1940, left the H.Za Magdeburg on train number 138091 on 27 February 1940. Four Pz.Kpfw.lll (Fgst.Nr.60315, 60328, 60329, and 60334) from Panzer-Regiment 15 were turned in and loaded on the same railears and train. On 27 March 1940, Panzer-Regiment 2 reported that they had been issued 14 new Pz.Kpfw.II from H.Za. Madgeburg in mid-February 1940 and had turned in five Pz.Kpfw.Ill alter Art. Last Pz.Kpfw.I1 Ausf.D/B in Action ‘Some (if not all five) of the Pz.Kpfw.IL Ausf. D Fahrgestell with Ausf.B turrets, completed in October 1940, were issued to the independent Heerestruppen unit, Panzer-Abteilung z.b.V.40. As the name z.b.V. (for special assignment) implies, this unit was assigned to the XXXVI. Armee Korps under A.O.K. Norwegen for special operations in the muskeg and tundra in the far north start- ing in the Summer of 1941 Above: This Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.B with damaged suspension in Poland has tactical number I101 revealing that it had been assigned to the commander of the U.Abteilung of a Panzer-Regiment. (JP) 3-66Above: This Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.C was penetrated twice by 37 mm anti-tank guns on the front near the driver’s visor and once on the superstructure side by a 7.92 mm anti-tank rifle. (GF) Below: This Pz.Kpfw.1I Ausf.D w: f Abt.z.b.V.40 has either broken down orAbove: This Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.D being used in a landing boat exercise had been penetrated on the front by three hits from 37 mm anti-tank guns. (KHM) Below: As corroborated by this Pz.Kpfw.III Ausf.D with tactical number 431, in 1938 and 1939 most Pz.Kpfw.III were assigned to a single leichte Zug (platoon) in the single “leichte Kompanie a” of a Panzer-Abteilung (with the exception of Pz.Rgt.1, Pz.Rgt.2 and the Pz.Lehr.Abt.). (JP) me 5mittlerer Kampfwagen fuer Ausland (M.K.A.) also known as 4.5 cm K.A.V A summary history of Krupp’s efforts to design and produce a series of tanks for export was recorded in their Kriegsmaterial Abteilung fiscal year (1 October to 30 September) reports as follows: 1936/1937 - For the same reason as artillery pieces, the relatively heavier types of Kampfwagen (tanks) developed for the German Army are difficult to push in Joreign countries. We have commenced development of Auslands-Kampfwagen (tanks for foreign sale) that are lighter than the German types We are designing the gun turret for the 3.7 em Kampfwagen for the German Army. The chassis comes from Daimler. It weighs 15 metric tons. We have started design of a similar tank for e port, The tank weighs 12 tons, with thicker armor than the German Army 3.7 em Kampfwagen, A 4.5 cm Kanone 1/50 is planned as the main armament. 1937/38 - We are designing a 4.5 cm mittlerer Kampfwagen L/S0 turret and chassis for export. The de- sign of the chassis for the 4.5 cm Kampfwagen is almost completed. A Versuchsgeraet is being completed. 1938/39 - Assembly of the 4.5 em mKA (Wersuchsturm) with armor 25 and 16 mm thick was started. An experimental mittlerer Kampfivagen (medium tank) chassis, named MKA, has been produced and tested with good results. 1939/40 - In the export tank series, the Versuchsturm for the 4.5 cm mKA L/SO with 25 and 16 mm thick armor was completed. Details of their export tank development program are preserved in two of Krupp’s Abieilung A.K, correspon- dence files, as follows: The first export tank named “mittlerer Kampfwagen Ausland” (m.K.A.) was mentioned in a meeting in Essen attended by Mueller and Woelfert on 5 October 1936. Air attempt is to be made to determine ifa mackinegun and a 2.¢m Automat ean be mounted in the leichte Kampfwagen Ausland. Thus the m.K.A, will mainly be a variant of the LK.A. But Krupp had changed their plans by 5 February 1937, when the Kampfwagen Ausland program was sum- Inarized as follows The following types are being planned: 1. LK.A.T weighing 4.5 tons and armed with two machine. guns, named M.G.KA. 2. LK.A.2 weighing 5.2 tons and armed with a 2.em M.G. ‘and one machinegun, named 2 em K.A. 3. The same chassis as the LK.A.2 but with thicker armor weighing 7 tons, named 2 em K.A.v. 4. M.A, weighing 7 tons and armed with 4.5 em Kanone and two machineguns, named 4.5 em KA. J. The same chassis ay the m.K.A. but with “verstaerk- tem’ (thicker) armor weighing 10 tons, named 4,5 cm KAw. 6. s.KA, weighing 14 tons and armed with a 7.5 em Kanone and two machineguns, named 7.5 em K.A. We are already commencing to attempt to install stabilized machineguns. As discussed in a meeting on 17 March 1937, the Kampfwagen Ausland program had been changed as fol- lows ‘The construction program was again discussed and decisions made on the following names and types: Type Engine Armament Armor 1.MGKA — V8air-cooled 2MG 13 normal (LKA1) Kp 85 PS 2.2emKA —V8air-cooled 2cm MG normal (KA2) Kp85PS_ 1 MG13 The same chassis for both Kampfwagen. If demanded, a 90 horsepower water-cooled Ford V8 engine is planned. 3. 2emKAv V8 air-cooled 2m MG thicker Kp 130PS_— 1 MG 13. 4.45emKA VB air-cooled 4.5cmK. normal (mKA) Kp 130PS_— 2MG13 The same chassis for both Kampfwagen. [fdemanded, a Maybach water-cooled engine is planned 5. 4.5m Kav 300 PS 4.SemK. thicker 2MG 13 6. 7.5emKA 300 PS 7.5emK. normal 2MG13 The same chassis for both Kampfwagen. A decision must still be made on the engine type. In regard to the 4.5 cm to 7.5 cm guns, Hageloch proposed that a muzzle velocity be chosen that isn't too high (about 500 m/s), because the combat range of these tanks will usually be less than 1000 meters and sufficient penetration can be achieved at this muzzle velocity. Also he proposed single-shot weapons, because only a small amount of ammunition can be stowed due to limited space and weight considerations, The armament question is to be clarified in a special meeting. Abteilung Woelfert had already started work on the proposal for the 2.em K.A.v. and 4.5 cm K.A., which were to have the same chassis (130 PS/V8 Krupp Motor). Abteilung Heerlein is to send the conceptual sketches for the turrets to Abt. Woelfert by 10 April. The frontal armor Jor the 2 em K.A.v. is to be 30 mm thick, with relatively thinmer sides As shown in the following table, after taking into account the latest requirements and available designers, the construction program was again altered on 28 April 1937 during another meeting on the Kampfwagen Ausland Programm attended by Mueller, Hageloch, and Woelfert. 3-69Krupp’s Kampfwagen Ausland Programm 28 April 1937 Type Weight | Engine ‘Armament ‘Armor | Max. Speed (tons) (HP) (ken/he) 1 MG KA (LKA1) 45 90/100 2M.G.13 normal, 50 2._| 2emKA (LKA2) 55 90/100, 2 em MG (Rhm), 1M.G.13 normal 30 3._| 45emKAv (MKA)| 11-12 | 180/200 4.5 om Kan., 2 M.G.13 thicker 40 4 | 25emKAv (KAy) i 130 2.5 em Tankbuechse, 1M.G.13__|_ thicker 40 35._|_75emKA (SkA) | 16-18 300 7.5 em Kan, 2M.G.13 normal 35 The following decisions were also made during, Elevation are -10, +20° this meeting on 28 April 1937: Traverse 360° Design of the M.K.A. is to be completed by Crew 4men December 1937 and a test vehicle completed by June Range 200 km 1938. A 180-200 horsepower Maybach engine (still being Engine horsepower 180-200 hp developed) is being considered but still hasn't been re- Power ratio about 16 hp/ton leased by the Waffenamt. Another meeting is to be held in October to make a decision based on further developments as to whether the K.A.y. and S.K.A. are to be built. Rough sketches of these ‘hwo tanks are to be prepared for preliminary sales by 1 July 1937. For the time being the $.K.A. won t be consid- ered for export because it is too expensive. Trials with the Krupp V8 and the Ford engines are to be completed in a dummy under the same conditions as in the tanks with air pressure equivalent to 4000 meter el- evation and temperatures up to 40 degrees C. The following neutral abbreviated names (L10 for MG K.A., L 20 for 2 cm K.A., M10 for 4.5 cm KA.v., etc.) are to be used in correspondence with the assembly plant and contractors, The names based on armament such as MG KA, 4.5 cm K.A.¥., etc. are to be retained for correspondence with the Waffenamt and foreign countries. On 3 June 1937, the characteristics of the 4.5 cm K.A.v. were: Weight, outfitted with crew 12 tons Length, overall 5.100 m Length, without track guards 4.900 m Width, overall 2.380 m Height 2.030 m Track contact length 2.900 m Track width 325 mm Ground pressure 0.64 Kg/om? ‘Track centers 2.000 m Ground clearance 325 mm, Maximum speed 40 kov/hr Slope 35° Step 700m Trench 19m Ford 10m Armor thickness up to 25 mm ‘Armament 4.5 cm Kanone and 2 M.G Firing height 1.720 m 3-70 On 21 June 1937, Mueller, Hageloch, and Woelfert met and decided: Begin work on the design of the 4.5 cm K.A.x. (M.K.A.) uniil further contracts are received from Wa Prw 6. Obtain another engine in case the Maybach engine is not released. Completion of the first chassis is possible by March 1938. Hagelloch and Woelfert met with Oberstt, Phillips (head of Waffen-Pruefwesen 6) on 10 August 1937 to dis- ‘cuss the release of the 200 horsepower Maybach HL 76 Motor: Krupp representatives referred to the last meet- ing on 17 June in which Oberstlt. Phillips agreed that the Krupp Konstruktionsbuero fuer Tanks (design bureau for tanks) must be maintained and not reduced. However, with regard to the fact that currently Pruefwesen 6 cannot give Krupp design contracts, it was necessary for Krupp to de- sign tanks at their own cost and begin to develop a medium tank for export. Whether this tank may be released for ex- port has yet to be determined. Maybe Krupp s design can be used by the German Army. Further evolution of this design requires the release of a Maybach-Motor, namely the HL 76 rated at 200 horsepower. Oberstit. Phillips stated that just like all other offices, Pruefiesen 6 strived to support export and from this standpoint has no objections to releasing the engine 10 Krupp. However, he withheld a final decision until he could again speak with his specialists. ‘On 31 August 1937, Krupp was advised by Wa Prw 6: Due to the long period until the HL 76 Motor is available, Kniepkamp recommended the expedient in- stallation of the Maybach D.S.0.8 Motor rated at 155 horsepower at 2600 rpm which had worked well in Zugkraftwagen (towing vehicles). On 4 October 1937, Krupp decided to develop a ‘weapon for the m.K.A.v with the following specifications: 4.5 cm caliber semi-automatic Kanone with a L/50 caliber length, weighing 1,385 kg, achieving a muzzle velocityof 750 mps with armor penetration capability of 40 mm at 1000 meters at 90°, The drawings were to be completed by 20 October 1937, turret design completed by March 1938, and turret produced by 1 August 1938, In order to protect their inventions and improve- ments from being released to and copied by foreign coun- tries, on 7 October 1937 the Heres Waffenamt sent Krupp the following list of restrictions on the design of Panzers to be sold to foreign countries: 1. Only a straight monocular or fixed angular telescopic gunsight (such as the Ceha - telescope from Askania) or a periscopic gunsigh without removable head can be used. 2. Slip ring contacts are allowable for conducting electric- ity 10 the turret 3. Visors for vision ports can have internal hinges but cannot have overlapping edges exceeding ! mm wide. Additional locks are not to be used. 4. Rigidly mounted protective glass up to 12 mm thick is allowed behind the vision slits. The vision slits are to be cut into flat visor plates and are not to be less than 5.5 mm wide. External ridges to protect the vision slits are to be sloped at less than 4 degrees. 5. Sealing frames for the visors are not to have rubber in- serts. Armor plates for covering the vision slits are not to be delivered. 6. The detailed design of the gun manile is to be presented for approval on a case-by-case basis. It can be patterned ‘after the first model of the gun mantle for the Pz Kpfis.I. 7. Rigidly mounted rod antenna without springs or rigid frame antenna are allowable. 8. Ifaradio is requested, expanding rubber stripes are allowable in the mounting. 9. All types of hinges are to be made out of normal steel, not armor. 10. It is allowable to use the model of traversing gear for the Pz.Kpfiwl. Steel cables are to be used as the connect- ing linkage for firing the machineguns. 11. Only a simple ball-bearing race can be used for the turret mounting. 12. Only normal bolts with heads or countersunk can be used. 13. The turret design must be either round with 10 degree sloping sides or a symmetrical truncated pyramid shape. 14, The German model for mounting an anti-aircraft ma- chinegun is not to be used. ‘On 9 October 1937, Oberstlt. Phillips sent a let- ter to Krupp on their decision to not approve the 4.5 em K.A.y design for export: The Oberkommando des Heres (Heereswaffenamt, Pruefivesen 6) does not agree with the planned model as shown in drawing KMK 24530 because of 1. Armor plates thicker than 13 mm needed for proof against S.m.K. (7.92 mm armor-piercing bullets) 2. Engine compartment and cooling system design closely match the latest findings of the Heereswaffenamt that have been achieved by difficult and costly testing and being uti- lized in the newest German Kampfwwagen. ‘Mueller, Hagelloch, Woelfert and others from Above: Krupp only completed one export M.K.A. in fiscal year 1939/40 which they had designed and produced by themselves completely independent of any German Army Panzer development program. (tTM) 3-71Krupp met on | February 1938 to discuss the status of contracts for trial vehicles and new Panzerkampfwagen development: 0 mit ‘kter Panzerung, 4. cm KL/S0 und 2 MG (4,5 cm KA.v. The Versuchsfahrceug is to be developed and built without further regard to the Waffenamt. A control number ‘must be obtained soon from the office for foreign export. As released by the Waffenamt, the road wheel mounts are 10 be designed like the L.K.A.2. However, the patent ap- plication for the 4.5 em K.A.v. road wheel mounts is to be declared secret, as requested by the Waffenamt. Armor is to be 25 mm thick on the front and 18 ‘mm thick on the sides. The vehicle weight is 12 tons (with- Se heieiaienil fat Pettitt Raha Bet aA ADA eae, out reserve). A Maybach HL 98 Motor (weighing 200 kg more) rated at 230 horsepower is to be currently installed, and later replaced by the Maybach HL 76 Motor. The schedule for completing the 4.5 cm K.A.v is: Kanone fired on I September 1938, Versuchsfahroeug (without turret) completed in September 1938, and the tur- ret completed by the end of December 1938. As revealed in the fiscal year 1938/1939 report from the Kriegsmaterial Abteilung, the experimental mitt- lerer Kampfwagen (medium tank) chassis had been com- pleted and tested with good results. Assembly of the 4.5 em mKA (Versuehsturm) with armor 25 and 16 mm thick ‘was started in fiscal year 1938/1939 and completed in fis- cal year 1939/1940, Above: With its 4.5 cm Kanone, 25 mm thick frontal armor, and 180 horsepower engine the M.K.A. was intended to be a better export tank than those being offered by foreign comp: rs, such as the CKD TNH series, the Renault R35, and the Vickers 6-ton tank. (TTM) 3-72GLOSSARY OF GERMAN MILITARY TERMS, Abteilung Aufbau ‘Ausfuehrung Begleitwagen Bugpanzer Ersatz Fahrer Fahrersehklappe Fahrgestell Fahrzeug Funk Gepanzerte Geraete Geschuetz Grosstraktor Holzmodell KER. KA. Kleintraktor Kraftfahrzeug KStN. Kugelblende Kw.K. KZ. Ladeschuetze Laufwerk Leichter Leichttraktor lerer M.KA, Nebelkerzen Panzergranaten Richtschuetze Rohr Scheinwerfer Schwere Sa.Kfz. S.KA, Sam. Sturmgeschuetz TLE Versuchs Vskfz. Watfenamt Wa Pruef 6 or Wa Prw 6 Zug Zugfuehrer Zugfuehrerwagen battalion with less than 5 companies or a unit, superstructure Ausf. - model designation BW. - code name for the Pz.Kpfw1V superstructure replacement driver driver's visor Fgst. - chassis vehicle Fu- radio set gep. or gp. - armored equipment, device gun code name for a medium tank with a 7.5 em gun ‘wooden model driver's twin periscopes Kampfwagen Ausland verstaerkt - code name for M.K.A. KLTr. - first code name for the Leichttraktor Kfz, - motor vehicle organization table ball mount for machinegun tank gun Kugelzielfernrohr - machinegun sight loader suspension le. = light ‘code name for a light tank with a 3.7 em gun m. - medium mittlerer Kampfwagen Ausland - Krupp’s medium tank for export smoke grenades Pagr. - armor-piercing shells gunner R-gun headlight s- heavy special motorized vehicle schwerer Kampfwagen Ausland - Krupp’s heavy tank for export 7.92. mm armor-piercing bullet assault gun ‘Turmzielfernrohr - telescopic gunsight ‘Vers. - experimental Versuchskrafifahrzeug - experimental vehicle ‘ordnance department automotive design office under the Waffenamt platoon platoon leader ZW, - code name for the Pz.Kpfw.LILPANZER TRACTS No.1-1 No.1-2 No.2 No.3-1 No.4 No.5-1 No.5-2 No.5-3 No.5-4 No.6 No.7-1 No.7-2 No.7-3 No.8 No.9-3 No.10 No.L1-1 No.11-2 No.12 No.13 No.14 No.15-2 No.15-3 No.16 No.17 No.18 No.19 No.20-1 No.20-2 No.21-1 No.21-2 Panzerkampfwagen I. Panzerkampfwagen Panzerkampfwagen IT Panzerkampwagen III Panzerkampfwagen IV Panzerkampfwagen Panther Panzerkampfwagen Panther .... Panzerkampfwagen Panther Panzerkampfwagen Panther Schwere Panzerkampfwagen Panzerjaeger Panzerjaeger Panzerjaeger Sturmgeschuetz Jagdpanzer Artillerie Sfl Panzerbeobachtungswagen . Aufklaerungspanzerwagen Flak Sfl. and Flakpanzer Panzerspachwagen . .. Gepanzerte Pionier Fahrzeuge . Schuetzenpanzerwagen . Schuetzenpanzerwagen . Bergepanzerwagen . .. Gepanzerte Nachschub Fahrzeuge . Panzerkampfwagen 35(t)/38(t) . Beute-Panzerkampfwagen Paper Panzers . Paper Panzers . Staende mit Pz.Kpfw.Tuermen Pantherturm I und II. KLTr. to Ausf.B KLPz.Bef.Wg. to VK 18.01 La.S.100 to VK 16.01 L.Tr., Pz.Kpfw.II Ausf.A to D, & M.K.A. GriTr. to Pz.Bef.Wg.1V Ausf.Jd Panther Ausf.D and Fgst.Nr.V2 Panther Ausf.A Panther Ausf.G Panther I and Panther Ausf.F D.W. to E 100 3.7 em Tak to Pz.Sfl.le 7.62 cm F.K.(r) auf gp.Sfl. to 7.5 cm Pak 40/3 7.5 cm Pak 40/4 to 8.8 em Waffentraeger s.Pak to Sturmmoerser Jagdpanther 15 em sIG to 60 em Karl Sd.Kfz.253 to Pz.Beob.Wg.Panther H8 H to Volikettenaufklaerer 38 Sd.Kfz.10/4 to 8.8 em VFW. Sd.Kfz.3 to Sd.Kfz.263 Goliath to Raeumer S Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.A to C 1939 to 1942 Sd.Kfz.251 Ausf.C & D 1943 to 1945 Bergepanzer 38 to Bergepanther VK 3.01 to schwere Wehrmacht-Schlepper L.TSk. to Pz.Kpfw.38(t) Ausf.G Polish TK to Russian KW I Pz.Kpfw., Stu.G., & Jagdpz. Aufkl., Beob., and Flak-Pz. Pz.Kpfw.-Turm I to F.Pz.D.1.4814 O.TStahlunterstand to Holzunterbau Includes data on over 350 German armored vehicles from 1925 to 1945 Illustrated with scale prints drawn by Hilary Louis Doyle and photographs selected for clarity of detail and rarity of model. Development history, unique characteristics, major modifications, data sheets, and armor specifications all based solely on original documents and existing vehicles. ISBN 0-9771643-4-9