Bi ging: BTNG C S

Chng 4

TNH TON CU KIN CHU UN

Cu kin chu un l nhng cu kin chu tc dng ca moment un v lc ct

hoc ch moment un thun ty (t gp thc t); Cu kin chu un ca btng ct
thp dng trong xy dng chim 1 t l ng k trong ton b kt cu btng ct thp.
l kt cu mi, sn, ca khung v cc loi dm khc.v.v... v kt cu bn.
4.1. c im cu to
4.1.1. Cu to v hnh hc:
Cu kin chu un thng dng tit din ch nht, ch I, T i khi dng tit din
hnh hp, hnh thang, hnh trn (c hay rng) v cc dng tit din khc (hnh 4.1).

Hnh 4.1: Mt s tit din ngang

thng gp ca cu kin chu un.

Cng thc kinh nghim chn s b tit din dm:

1 1
h l
8 20
1 1
b h
2 4

Trong : h - chiu cao dm ; b - rng dm;

l - nhp dm.

tiu chun ha kch thc ca dm, chiu cao nn chn l bi s ca 5cm khi
h 60cm, v l bi s ca 10cm khi h > 60cm, chiu rng b ca dm trong vng chu
ko c xc nh iu kin t ct thp chu lc vi khong gia cc ct thp l ti
thiu. Nn chn b l 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 cm v khi ln hn na th nn
chn bi s ca 10cm.
Btng dng trong cu kin chu un thng c cp bn B12,5; 15; 20, 25, (30,
35, 40, 45) tng ng vi mc M150, 200, 250, 350, (400, 450, 500, 600).

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

22

Bi ging: BTNG C S

4.1.2. Cu to v ct thp:
a). i vi dm:
Ct thp trong dm gm : ct dc chu lc, ct dc cu to, ct ai, ct xin.
Trong dm lun tn ti 4 ct dc 4 gc v ct ai; ct xin c th khng c (H 4.2).
Ct thp dc chu lc ca dm thng dng nhm AII, AIII hoc CII, CIII c
= 12 - 40 m.m v ct ai trong dm dng chu lc ngang t nht c ng knh =
4 m.m (nhm CI hoc AI)

Hnh 4.2

Lp bo v ct thp ao c nh ngha l khong cch t mp ngoi btng

n mp ct thp (ao1 l lp bo v ct ai, ao2 l lp bo v ct dc), lp bo v m
bo ct thp khng b r st. Khong cch thng thy to gia 2 ct thp l khong cch
t mp ct thp ny n mp ct thp
kia, m bo khi btng khng b kt
( 1x2), xem hnh 4.3. Qui nh v
kch thc nh sau:

Hnh 4.3

ao1 1,5cm khi h > 25cm.

to

o ao1 1cm khi h 25cm;

a = ao2 + 1cm

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

to

ao2

ao2 2cm khi h > 25cm.

ao1

o ao2 1,5cm khi h 25cm;

23

Bi ging: BTNG C S

b). i vi bn sn:
Ct thp dc chu lc ca bn c ng knh t 6 n 12m.m v ct cu to
t thng gc vi ct chu lc c ng knh t 4 - 8m.m (hnh 4.4), khong cch gia
cc ct phn b thng khong 100 - 300m.m v khng c ln hn 350mm, ngoi ra
cc yu cu chung v cu to tit din cu kin, b tr ct thp .... cn tham kho c th
xem [2].

Hnh 4.4
Ct cu to

Lp bo v ct thp ao ca sn c ly nh sau:
o
o

ao 1cm i vi bn c chiu dy 10cm,

ao 1,5cm i vi bn c chiu dy > 10cm.
Ct chu lc

4.2. S lm vic ca cu kin chu un:

Quan st s lm vic ca dm t lc mi t ti n lc ph hoi, s din bin ca

dm xy ra nh sau:
Khi ti trng cha ln th dm vn cn nguyn vn, tip cng vi s tng ca
ti trng, xut hin ca khe nt thng gc vi trc dm ti on dm c moment ln v
nhng khe nt nghing on dm gn gi ta l ch c lc ngang ln (hnh IV.5), khi
ti trng ln th dm b ph hoi hoc ti tit din c khe nt thng gc, hoc ti tit
din c khe nt nghing. Trong sut qu trnh t ti, vng ca dm c tng ln.
Trong trng thi gii hn ca dm theo kh nng chu lc (tc l theo cng )
c c trng bng s ph hoi theo tit din thng gc vi trc dm hoc theo tit
din nghing nh hnh 4.5, v vy tnh ton cu kin chu un theo kh nng chu lc
bao gm tnh ton trn tit din thng gc v trn tit din nghing.
2

Hnh 4.5 : S lm vic ca dm khi chu ti trng

1 - tit din thng gc ; 2 - tit din nghing.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

24

Bi ging: BTNG C S

4.3. Tnh ton cng trn tit din thng gc:

4.3.1. Tnh ton cu kin c tit din ch nht :
C 2 trng hp t ct thp : trn tit din ca cu kin ch c ct chu ko (gi
tt l tit din t ct n) hoc c c ct chu ko ln ct chu nn (gi tt l tit din
t ct kp).
4.3.1.1. Tit din t ct n :
1. c im ph hoi theo tit din thng gc v gi thit tnh ton :
Trong chng 3 ni v 3 giai on ca trng thi ng sut bin dng trn tit
din ca cu kin chu un. C th xy ra my trng hp sau:
a) Trng hp th nht: ph hoi trn tit din thng gc do ng sut trong min
chu ko t n gii hn chy sm Rs, cn trong btng ca vng chu nn
cha t n gii hn cng chu nn khi un (hnh 4.6a).
b) Trng hp th hai: ph hoi trn tit din thng gc do ng sut trong min
btng chu nn t n cng chu nn khi un Rb cn cng ca ct
thp chu ko cha tn dng ht (hnh 4.6b).
c) Trng hp gia hai trng hp trn : khi cu kin chu un b ph hoi
do min chu ko v chu nn ca cu kin ng thi t n gii hn cng
(hnh 4.6c) trong trng hp ny i vi tit din c biu ng sut hai
u, vn b tr ct thp chu lc c tit kim nht.

Rb

Rb
Db
zb

RsAs
a)

sAs
b)

RsAs
c)

Hnh 4.6 S trng thi ng sut bin dng trn tit din thng gc ca cu
kin chu un trong giai on ph hoi
a) Theo ct thp chu ko ; b) Theo btng chu nn
c) ng thi theo ct thp chu ko v theo btng chu nn.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

25

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Trong tnh ton, ly trng hp th 3 (hnh 4.6c) lm c s cho trng thi gii hn
v cng trn tit din thng gc ca cu kin. S ng sut dng tnh ton tit
din ly nh sau:
ng sut ca min btng chu nn t n cng chu nn Rb; s ng
sut ca min xem l hnh ch nht.
ng sut min ko khng k n kh nng chu ko ca btng (v btng
b nt vo giai on ny); ct chu ko t ti cng chu ko tnh ton Rs :
Trong thc t, s ng sut ca min btng chu nn c dng ng cong, tr
s ng sut cc i ca min vt qu cng lng tr. Nu dng s ng sut
dng ng cong th vic tnh ton s tr nn phc tp, do ngi ta quy i s
thnh s ch nht, da vo hai iu kin sau y:
(1). Hp lc ca ng sut phn b theo hai s phi bng nhau
(2). B cao ca s ch nht phi chn sao cho cnh tay n ca ni ngu lc
ca 2 s phi bng nhau c nh th mi bo m c s bng nhau ca moment
Rb
max
b

un ca 2 s .

Rlt

x=2X
X
M
Hnh 4.7. Quy i s ng sut thc t
thnh s ng sut hnh ch nht
RsAs

T hnh 4.7, gi x v X l b cao ca s ng cong v s ch nht, Rb l

ng sut quy i ca s ch nht. Ta phi xc nh Rb v X do iu kin 1.
x

dx Rb x

(a)

Trng tm ca s ng sut dng ng cong cch mp trn ca tit din 1 on

l .X, do iu kin th 2 ta c:
x = 2..X

(b)

Cn c vo nh l v tr s trung bnh, v tri ca ng thc (a) c th vit thnh:

x

.dx . bmax . X

(c)

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

26

Bi ging: BTNG C S

bmax = Rlt

t :
(a)

(d)

Rlt X = Rb X = 2..Rb.X

Rb
Rlt
2

(e)

Khi quy i v s ch nht, ta c hai phng trnh cn bng sau:

RsAs = Rb.b.x x =

Rs As
Rb b

(g)

M = RsAs (ho - 0,5 x)

(h)

Thay (g) vo (h) ta c:

R A
M R s As ho 0,5 s s
Rb b

(i)

Thay (e) vo (i) ta c:

Rs As

M Rs As ho 0,5

Rlt b

(k)

Dng (k) phn tch cc kt qu th nghim ngi ta tm c:

Do :

Rb = 1,25. Rlt

1,25
2

(g)

C Rlt t (g) x dng s ch nht l tin li hn c v cng khng a li

sai s ng k so vi th nghim.
2. Lp cng thc tnh ton:
a)
x/2
x/2
M

b)

Rb

RbAb

Ab

x
ho

zb

As
RsAs
a

a
b

Hnh 4.8 S ng sut trn tit din ch nht

Phng trnh moment ca cc lc i vi trc i qua im t hp lc ca ct
chu ko (hnh 4.8).

/ As

= 0 M = RbAb (h o - 0,5x)
M = Rbbx (ho - 0,5x)

(4.1)

Vi ho= (h - a) : l chiu cao tnh ton ca cu kin;

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

27

Bi ging: BTNG C S

X = 0 RsAs= RbAb RsAs= Rbbx

(4.2)

T (4.1) v (4.2) ta c:
M = RsAs (ho - 0,5x)

(4.3)

Trong cc cng thc trn th :

M: l moment ln nht m cu kin phi chu.
Rb: l cng chu nn tnh ton ca btng (ly theo ph lc 4)
Rs: l cng chu ko tnh ton ca thp (ly theo ph lc 2)
ho: l chiu cao tnh ton ca cu kin = (h - a).
x : l chiu cao vng btng chu nn.
As: l din tch tit din ngang ca ct thp chu ko.
iu kin hn ch: m bo xy ra ph hoi do th ct thp As khng
c qu nhiu, tng ng l phi hn ch chiu cao vng nn x. Cc nghin cu thc
nghim cho bit rng trng hp ph hoi do s xy ra khi:
=

Trong :

x
x
R =
=
ho
ho

Rs

1
1

sc ,u 1,1

(4.4)

c trng tnh cht bin dng ca vng btng chu nn

= - 0,008Rb ;
= 0,85 vi btng nng, i vi btng nh v btng ht
nh ly theo iu 6.2.2.3 [3].

sc,u - ng sut gii hn ca ct thp trong vng btng chu nn,

c ly nh sau:
+ i vi ti trng thng xuyn, ti trng tm thi di hn,
ngn hn - ly bng 500 MPa.
+ i vi ti trng ngn hn v ti trng c bit - ly bng
400 MPa.
Gi tr R trong mt s trng hp c th c cho trong ph lc 5.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

28

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Thay (4.4) vo (4.2) ta c:

As =
Nu ta gi =

Rb bx
R bh
R b o = As,max .
Rs
Rs

As
l hm lng ca ct thp trong tit din btng th:
bho

max =

As,max
bho

R Rb
Rs

(4.5)

l hm lng ti a ca ct thp trong tit din btng, nu b tr thp

vt qu hm lng ny th cu kin d xy ra ph hoi dn. ng thi nu ct
thp qu t s xy ra ph hoi t ngt ngay sau khi btng b nt (ton b lc
ko do ct thp chu), trnh iu cn phi m bo: min = 0,05%
(thng ly = 0,1%)
3. Cc dng bi ton:
T iu kin (4.4) ta ly x = .ho thay vo cng thc (4.1) ta c:
M = Rbb..ho(ho - 0,5.ho) = Rb.b ho2 (1- 0,5)
t m = (1- 0,5), ta c:
M = m Rbb ho2

(4.6)

Thay x vo cng thc (4.2) ta c:

RsAs = Rbbho

(4.7)

Thay x vo cng thc (4.3) ta c:

M = RsAs(ho - 0,5ho) = RsAsho (1- 0,5)
t = (1- 0,5), ta co:
M = RsAsho

(4.8)

3 cng thc (4.6), (4.7), (4.8) l 3 cng thc c bn dng gii cc bi ton ca cu
kin chu un tit din ch nht vi cc gi tr , , m tra ph lc 6, hay ta c mi
quan h gia chng nh sau:

m = (1- 0,5)

(4.9)

= (1- 0,5)
= 1- 1 2 m )
= 0,5(1+ 1 2 m )

(4.10)
(4.11)
(4.12)

Phi hp iu kin hn ch (4.4) v cng thc (4.9), ta c th vit li iu kin hn

ch theo m nh sau: m R = R (1- 0,5R)
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

29

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Trong tnh ton kt cu chu un ta thng gp cc dng bi ton sau:

a). Bi ton 1: bi ton thit k, bit moment M tnh As
Thc hin bi ton ny theo cc bc sau:
Cu to:
Chn vt liu:
o Chn cp bn btng : thng dng B15 hoc B20 tra ph lc 5
Rb, R, R.
o Nhm ct thp : thng dng AII hoc CII Rs.
Chn tit din b, h v lp bo v agt theo I.1 v I.2 ca chng ny
ho= h - agt
Tnh ton:
T cng thc (4.6) ta co: m =

M
Rb bho2

(4.13)

T iu kin hn ch (4.4) c R, tc l m R.
o Nu m > R th ta phi iu chnh li tit din b, h (ch yu l h).
o Nu m R th ta tra bng ph lc 6 (hoc tnh t cng thc (4.11),
(4.12)) c hoc
Tnh As t cng thc (4.7) hoc (4.8):
(4.7) As =

Rb bho
Rs

(4.14)

(4.8) As=

M
Rs ho

(4.15)

Kim tra hm lng:

min max

As
*100%
bho

R Rb
*100%
Rs

Hm lng kinh t vo khong 0,9 - 1,5%.

B tr ct thp, kim tra to, att theo yu cu nh
trong mc I.2.a ca chng ny. u tin b tr 1 lp thp,
nu to khng tho phi b tr 2 lp, lc ny att c tnh
nh sau (xem hnh 4.9):
att =

Hnh 4.9

a1 As1 a 2 As 2
As1 As 2

hoc n gin hn :
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

30

Bi ging: BTNG C S

att = a02+ + to/2 = a02 + + 1,5 (cm)

(a02 l lp bo v ca ct dc ngoi cng)
+ Nu att agt tho.
+ Nu att > agt cn tnh li vi agt = att.
V d 4.1: cho dm chu lc q=7T/m nh hnh v, hy tnh v b tr thp cho dm
M = qL2/8 = 7*52/8 ~ 21.88 T.m

Cc thng s tnh ton:

o Chn btng B20 (tra PL4) Rb = 11.5MPa = 115 kgf/cm2; Rbt=
0.9MPa=9 kgf/cm2; Eb=27.103 MPa.
o Chn thp CII (tra PL2) Rs= 280Mpa = 2800 kgf/cm2; Es=21.104 MPa.
o Tra PL 5R=0.623; R=0.429.
o Chn tit din: h = L/10 = 50cm, b= 20cm, lp bo v agt=3cm ho=503=47cm
Tnh m=

21,88.10 5
M
=
= 0.431 > R= 0.429 khng tho iu kin
Rb bho2
115 * 20 * 47 2

hn ch ca bi ton ct n. Ta phi iu chnh tit din hoc cng btng

(cp bn), y ta iu chnh tit din h=55cm ho=55-3= 52cm.
Tnh li m=

M
21,88.10 5
=
= 0.352 < R= 0.429 Tho
Rb bho2 115 * 20 * 52 2

Tra bng PL6 = 0.457 v = 0.772.

As =

Rb bho 0.457 * 115 * 20 * 52

=
= 19.52 cm2 .
2800
Rs

Hoc : As =

M
21,88.10 5
=
= 19.47 cm 2 .
Rs ho 0,772 * 2800 * 52

(Ta tnh As theo c 2 cch u c, nhng cho kt qu sai khc do sai s khi tra bng).
Kim tra hm lng:

As
19.52
*100% =
*100% = 1.88%
20 * 52
bho

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

31

Bi ging: BTNG C S

min = 0.1 max

R Rb
0.623 * 115
*100% =
*100% = 2.56%
2800
Rs

B tr thp:
As = 19.52 cm2 chn 322+320 (As chn = 20.83cm2), b tr thp 2 lp nh
hnh di (vi lp trn l 320).
Kim tra lp bo v :
att = 2 + 2.2 +1.5 = 5.7cm > agt = 3cm khng tho
v cn tnh li, sau khi tnh li vi a=5.7cm ta c As=
21.62cm2 > As chn nn phi chn li thp 622 (As
22.81cm2), b tr nh hnh bn.

chn

Kim tra khong thng thu gia 2 ct thp to :

to = 20 2*2 2.2*3 /2 = 4.7cm tho
b). Bi ton 2: bi ton thit k, bit moment M tnh ho, As
bi ton 1 vic chn tit din b, h lm cho bi ton c th khng tho iu kin
m R, ta phi chn li b, h n khi tho iu kin, khng phi thc hin tnh ton
nhiu ln ta c bi ton 2, thc hin bi ton ny theo cc bc sau:
Cu to:
Chn vt liu:
o Chn cp bn btng : thng dng B15 hoc B20 tra ph lc 5
Rb, R, R.
o Nhm ct thp : thng dng AII hoc CII Rs.
Chn tit din b v lp bo v agt theo mc 4.1.1 v 4.1.2 ca chng ny, b
thng chn theo yu cu cu to v yu cu kin trc.
Chn theo iu kin m bo m R, thng chn nh sau:
o = 0,1 - 0,25 i vi bn sn.
o = 0,3 - 0,4 i vi dm.
C ta tra ph lc 6 c m.
Tnh ton:
T cng thc (4.6) ta c : h o =

M
M
~ 2*
Rb b
Rb b

(4.16)

Chiu cao tit din h = ho + agt chn chn theo yu cu cu to ca dm

nh mc 4.1.1 ca chng ny.
C h ta thc hin tnh ton nh bi ton 1 trnh by.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

32

Bi ging: BTNG C S

V d 4.2: cho dm nh VD 4.1 nhng ta tnh h m khng chn trc.

Ta c ho = 2 *

21.88 * 10 5
M
= 2*
= 60cm
115 * 20
Rb b

Nu chn lp bo v agt = 6cm, th ta c th chn h = 65cm.

Tnh nh bi ton 1 ta c As = 15.83cm2 v = 1.34%.
Vy nu ta chn tit din 20x55 th hm lng ct thp khong gn 2%, cn tit
din 20x65 th hm lng l 1,34% vi hm lng ny th hp l hn v mt kinh t.
c). Bi ton 3: bi ton kim tra tit din; bit b, h, As Mtd
S liu tnh ton:
o Bit mc btng, nhm ct thp Rb, R, R, Rs.
o T b tr thp thc t att ho.
Tnh ton:
T cng thc (4.7)

Rs As
Rb bho

(4.17)

o Nu R tra bng (hoc tnh t (4.9)) ra m

(4.6) Mtd = m Rbb ho2
o Nu > R tc l ct thp b tr qu nhiu, btng vng nn b ph
hoi trc, kh nng chu lc ca tit din Mtd c tnh theo cng
ca btng vng nn, tc l ly = R hay m = R .
(4.6) Mtd = RRbb ho2
V d 4.3: cho dm c tit din v b tr thp nh hnh bn, hy
tnh kh nng chu lc ca dm (Mtd). S liu v BT v thp ly
nh VD 4.1.
T hnh b tr thp ta c: att = 2 + 2.2 +1.5 = 5.7cm .
ho = 60 5.7 = 54.3cm
Dm b tr thp 622 As = 22.81cm2 .

Rs As 2800 * 22.81
= 0.511 < R= 0.623 Tho
Rb bho 115 * 20 * 54.3

Tra PL6 ta c m = 0.380

Tnh Mtd = m Rbb ho2 = 0.380*115*20*54.32 = 25.8 T.m
4.3.1.2. Tit din t ct kp :
Trong tnh ton ct n, nu m (t cng thc (4.13)) > R tc l iu kin
hn ch (4.4) khng c m bo, lc ny ta c th t thm ct thp chu nn As vo
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

33

Bi ging: BTNG C S

vng btng chu nn; tuy nhin v iu kin kinh t v an ton trong tnh ton ta khng
nn t ct nn qu nhiu, t ta c iu kin khng ch nh sau:

1. S ng sut:

a)

x/2

R m 0,5
As

b)

Rb
a

RscAs

RbAb

Ab

ho

As
RsAs

a
Hnh 4.10

b
S ng sut trng hp t ct kp

Nh hnh 4.10 vi:

Rsc: ly nh trong ph lc 2.
a: lp bo v ct chu nn ly nh mc 4.1.2.a
2. Lp cng thc c bn:
T hnh 4.10, ta lp phng trnh cn bng nh sau:

/ As

= 0 M = RbAb (h o - 0,5x) + Rsc As (h o - a)

M = Rbbx (ho - 0,5x) + RscAs (h o - a)

X = 0 RsAs= RbAb + RscAs

RsA s= Rbbx + RscAs

(4.18)
(4.19)

Thay x = ho vo cc cng thc (4.18), (4.19) ta c:

(4.18) M = m Rbb ho2 + RscAs (ho - a)

(4.20)

(4.19) RsAs= Rbbh o + RscAs

(4.21)

2 cng thc (4.20), (4.21) l 2 cng thc c bn tnh bi ton ct kp.

iu kin hn ch : ngoi iu kin hn ch nh trng hp t ct n (iu
kin (4.4)) cn iu kin ring cho trng hp t ct kp, nhm m bo ng sut
trong ct thp chu nn t n Rsc phi tho mn iu kin : x 2a.
3. Cc dng bi ton:
a). Bi ton 1: Bit M, b, h, Rs, Rsc tnh As v As
Trc ht phi kim tra iu kin tnh ton ct kp:
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

34

Bi ging: BTNG C S

R < m =

M
0,5
Rb bho2

Nu m > 0,5 th nn tng tit din hoc tng cp bn ca btng.

tn dng ht kh nng chu nn ca Rsc ta c th chn m = R tc l =
R tnh, t cng thc (4.20) ta c:
A' s

T (4.21) As

M R Rb bho2
Rsc (ho a ' )

(4.22)

R Rb bho Rsc

A' s
Rs
Rs

(4.23)

Kim tra hm lng ct thp:

As As/
*100%
bho

min max

R Rb
*100%
Rs

V d 4.4: cho dm nh VD4.1, tit din 20x50, lp bo v chn l a=6cmho = 44cm

Cc s liu b sung gm c: cng chu nn ca thp Rsc = Rs = 2800kgf/cm2
lp bo v ca thp chu nn a = 3cm.
Tnh m=

21,88.10 5
M
=
= 0.491 > R= 0.429 khng tho iu kin
Rb bho2
115 * 20 * 44 2

hn ch ca bi ton ct n, nh VD 4.1 ta iu chnh tit din, nhng bi

ton ny ta khng iu chnh tit din m tnh ct kp.
V R < m < 0.5 nn ta tnh ct kp theo bi ton 1:
o Tnh A' s

21.88.10 5 0.429 * 115 * 20 * 44 2

M R Rb bho2
=
= 2.42cm 2
2800(44 3)
Rsc (ho a ' )

o Tnh As

R Rb bho Rsc
0.623 * 115 * 20 * 44 2800
2

A' s =

2.42 = 24.9cm
Rs
Rs
2800
2800

o Kim tra hm lng ct thp:

24.9 2.42
*100% = 2.55% ~ max
20 * 44

B tr thp: thp chu nn As = 2.42cm 2 chn 214 (3.08cm2); As = 24.9 cm2

chn 325+322 (As chn = 26.13cm2).

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

35

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Kim tra lp bo v :
att = 2 + 2.5 +1.5 = 6cm = agt tho v khng cn tnh
li, b tr nh hnh bn.
Kim tra khong thng thu gia 2 ct thp to :
to = 20 2*2 2.5*3 /2 = 4.25cm tho
b). Bi ton 2: Bit M, b, h, Rs, Rsc, As tnh As
T (4.20) m =

M Rsc A' s (ho a ' )

Rb bho2

(4.24)

Nu m > R chng t As l cha m bo cng ca vng nn, ta

c th thc hin li nh bi ton 1.
Nu m R th tnh hoc tra bng ra v xt tip cc trng hp sau:
o Nu x = h o 2a th:
T (4.21) As

Rb bho
Rs

Rsc
A' s
Rs

(4.25)

o Nu x = h o < 2a th ng sut trong ct thp As ch t n sc < Rsc, lc

ny ta ly x = 2a tnh v lp phng trnh cn bng moment qua Rsc ta
c (t hnh 4.10, vi x = 2a):
M = RsAs (ho - a)
M
As =
Rs (ho a' )

(4.26)
(4.27)

Kim tra hm lng ct thp nh trn.

c). Bi ton 3: bi ton kim tra tit din; bit b, h, As, As Mtd
T (4.21)

Rs As Rsc A' s
Rb bho

(4.28)

C th xy ra cc trng hp sau:
o Nu > R , ly = R hay m = R tnh
(4.20) Mtd = R Rbb ho2 + RscAs (ho - a)
o Nu < 2a/ho (tc l x < 2a) th s dng cng thc (4.26) tnh Mtd.
o

2a'
< R , th t tra hoc tnh ra m ri tnh Mtd t cng thc (4.20)
ho

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

36

Bi ging: BTNG C S

V d 4.5: cho dm c tit din v b tr thp nh VD4.3, hy tnh kh nng chu lc

ca dm (Mtd) theo bi ton ct kp.
Tnh

Rs As Rsc A' s
2800( 22.81 3.08)
=
= 0.442
Rb bho
115 * 20 * 54.3

2a' 2 * 3
=
= 0.11< < R = 0.623
ho 54.3

Tra PL6 ta c m = 0.344

Tnh Mtd = m Rbb ho2 + RscAs (ho - a)
= 0.344*115*20*54.3 2 + 2800*3.08(54.3 3) = 27.75 T.m
So vi VD4.3 kt qu ny ln hn l do kt cu c s tng cng ca thp
chu nn th trn.
4.3.2. Tnh ton cu kin c tit din ch T, I hnh hp:
4.3.2.1. c im cu to:
Dm tit din ch T (I) gm cnh v sn (hnh 4.11), ph thuc vo chiu
tc dng ca moment un, min chu nn ca tit din ch T v ch I c th nm
phn trn hoc phn di ca tit din.
As

bf

As

hf
Cnh trn

Sn

Cnh di

ho

hf
bf

As

As

Hnh 4.11 Tit din ch T, I

Trong tnh ton tit din theo cng , phn cnh v sn trong min chu
ko khng xt tham gia chu lc bi v btng trong min chu ko trc khi n ph
hoi xut hin khe nt ri. V vy tit din ch I ca kt cu trong tnh ton xem nh
tit din ch T c cnh nm trong min chu nn. Tit din ch T c cnh nm trong
min chu nn, tit kim vt liu hn so vi dng tit din ch nht, v cnh lm tng
thm din tch chu nn ca btng.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

37

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Trong thc t thng gp cc dng tit din hnh hp rng (hnh 4.12.a) hoc
dm lm vic chung vi sn (hnh 4.12.b), khi tnh ton ta i thnh dm ch T tng
ng.
bf

bf

a).
hf

hf
h

Sc

Sc

hf

hf
b1

b = 3b 1
bf

b).

Sn

hf
b
B

Dm
B

Hnh 4.12 i tit din thc t thnh tit din ch T tng ng

Cnh T theo chiu rng lm vic khng u nhau, khi Sc cng ln, th n
giai on no cnh v sn khng m bo cng chung lm vic vi nhau do mt n
nh cc b ca cnh hoc do cnh b vng qu ln. Do xt trong tnh ton quy
phm qui nh c th chiu rng cnh Sc nh sau:

o i vi dm T c lp:
Vi Sc l vn ca bn cnh (hnh 4.12.a) bf = 2Sc + b

1
S c .L (L l chiu di nhp dm ang xt)
6

Khi hf 0,1h ly Sc 6hf

Khi 0,05h hf < 0,1h ly Sc 3hf
Khi hf < 0,05h Sc = 0 ( b qua phn nh ca cnh chu nn ).
o i vi dm lm vic chung vi sn:

1
S c .L .
6

Sc Bo/2 ( vi Bo l khong cch thng thu gia 2 dm Bo= B-b,

hnh 4.12.b)
Khi hf 0,1h ly Sc 9hf
Khi hf < 0,1h ly Sc 6hf
o Ly Sc nh nht trong cc gi tr trn tnh ton.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

38

Bi ging: BTNG C S

4.3.2.2. Tnh ton trng hp t ct n:

y ta ch xt trng hp t ct n, cn trng hp t ct kp c tnh
ton theo trnh t ging nh tit din ch nht t ct kp, cc cng thc c bn cho
trong phn (4.3.1.2).
1. Xt v tr trc trung ho (TTH):
Vic xc nh v tr TTH l rt quan trng v khi TTH qua cnh (hnh 4.13.a)
th vng nn l hnh ch nht (bf x x), cn khi TTH qua sn (hnh 4.13.b) th vng nn
l hnh ch T ta s chia ra tnh.
b).

Sc

bf

hf

bf

hf

a).

Sc
Sc

Sc
b

Hnh 4.13

xc nh c khi no TTH qua cnh hay qua sn ta xt trng hp cn

bng khi TTH qua gia cnh v sn (x = hf )

x=hf

bf

Rb

Rb bf hf
M

zb

h0 h

As
RsAs
a

Hnh 4.14 S tnh ca tit din ch T xc nh TTH

T hnh 4.14 ta c:

/ As

= 0 M = Mf = Rb Ab Zb.
Mf = Rb bf hf (ho - 0,5hf )

(4.29)

Mf gi l moment gii hn trong trng hp TTH qua gia cnh v sn, ta so

snh Mf vi moment ngoi lc M :
o

Nu M Mf th TTH qua cnh, ta tnh ton nh tit din ch nht (bf x h)

Nu M > Mf th TTH qua sn, tnh nh tit din ch T.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

39

Bi ging: BTNG C S

2. Tnh ton trng hp TTH qua sn:

Ti y ta ch xt trng hp TTH qua sn, v trng hp TTH qua cnh mi
cng thc tnh ton ging trng hp tit din ch nht, nhng thay b bng bf.
a). Lp cng thc c bn:
a).

b).

Rb

c).

Rb
RbAbc

RbAbs
MS

bf

hf

h0

Abc

Abs

h0

MC
RsAs

RsAs

As
a

b
Hnh 4.15 S tnh trng hp TTH qua sn

d dng tnh ton ta tch vng nn thnh 2 vng: vng sn c din tch Abs,
vng cnh c din tch Abc (hnh 4.15.c), vi Abs = bx; Abc= (bf - b).hf.
Ta lp phng trnh cn bng cho c 2 trng hp trn (hnh IV.15.a,b), ta c:

/ As

= 0 M = Ms + Mc = RbAbs (ho - 0,5x) + RbAbc (ho - 0,5hf )

M = Rbbx (h o - 0,5x) + Rb(bf - b) hf (ho - 0,5hf )

X =0

(4.30)

RsAs = RbAbs + RbAbc

RsAs = Rbbx + Rb(bf - b) hf

(4.31)

Thay x = ho vo 2 cng thc (4.30) v (4.31) ta c:

(4.30)

M= m Rb b ho2 + Rb(bf - b) hf (ho - 0,5hf )

(4.32)

(4.31)

RsAs = Rb b ho + Rb(bf - b) hf

(4.33)

Vi m v ging nh trn.
Hai cng thc (4.32) v (4.33) l 2 cng thc c bn tnh ton cu kin chu un
tit din ch T t ct n.
iu kin hn ch: R hay m R .
b). Cc dng bi ton:
i). Bi ton thit k: Bit M As
Chn vt liu, chn tit din nh bi ton tit din ch nht.
Kim tra vn cnh Sc nh mc 4.3.2.1.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

40

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Kim tra v tr TTH, di y xt trng hp TTH qua sn:

T (4.32) m

M Rb .(b 'f b).h 'f . h0 0,5h 'f

(4.34)

2
0

Rb .b.h

Nu m R tnh (hoc tra bng) ra

o T (4.33) As

Rb
. .b.h0 (b 'f b).h 'f
Rs

(4.35)

o Kim tra cc iu kin hm lngnh trn.

Nu m > R th tng tit din, tng cp bn ca BT hoc t thm ct
thp chu nn.
V d 4.6: s liu nh VD4.1 nhng
dm lc ny l dm trong h thng sn
(sn trn, sn di), b sung thm
cc thng s: khong cch thng thu
gia 2 dm Bo = 3.6m; chiu dy sn
hs=10cm; chn lp bo v agt=6cm.
Kim tra vn cnh Sc : (dm T lm vic chung vi sn)
o Sc L/6 = 500/6 = 83.3cm
o Sc Bo/2 = 180cm
o hf = hs= 10cm > 0.1h = 0.1*55 = 5.5cm Sc 9hf = 9*10 = 90cm .
o Vy chn Sc = 50cm .
bf = 2 Sc + b = 2*50 + 20 = 120cm.
Kim tra v tr trc trung ho:
Tnh Mf = Rb*bf*hf (h o 0.5hf) = 115*120*10 (49 0.5*10) = 6.072.000kgf.cm ~
60.72 T.m > M =21.88T.m Trc trung ho qua cnh, tnh nh tit din ch nht.
Tnh m=

M
21,88.10 5
=
= 0.066 < R= 0.429 tho K ct n
Rb b' f ho2 115 *120 * 49 2

Tra bng ra = 0.068

As =

Rb b' f ho
Rs

0.068 * 115 * 120 * 49

= 16.42 cm2 .
2800

So vi VD4.1 th lng thp yu cu t hn, do vng nn c tng cng bi 2

cnh (sn), ging nh tit din ch nht c tng cng ct thp chu nn .

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

41

Bi ging: BTNG C S

ii). Bi ton kim tra : Bit b, h, As Mtd

Kim tra TTH qua sn hay qua cnh:
o Nu RsAs > Rb bf hf TTH qua sn, tnh nh bn di.
o Nu RsAs Rb bf hf TTH qua cnh, tnh nh ch nht (vi b = bf ).
T cng thc (4.33)
o

Rs As Rb (b /f b ) h /f
Rb bho

Nu R tra bng (hoc tnh) ra m.

(4.32) Mtd = m Rb b ho2 + Rb(bf - b) hf (ho - 0,5hf )

o Nu > R , ly = R hay m = R tnh.

(4.32) Mtd = R Rb b ho2 + Rb(bf - b) hf (h o - 0,5hf )
V d 4.7: Cho dm chu lc phn b q nh hnh di (dm I c lp, khng lm vic
chung vi sn), c tit din v b tr thp nh hnh, hy cho bit dm chu c lc [q]
ti a l bao nhiu? s liu v BT v thp ly nh cc VD trc.

Kim tra vn cnh Sc : dm I c lp nh hnh,

c cnh trn chu nn, nn ch tnh vi cnh trn (hf = 10cm) b cnh di.
o Sc L/6 = 500/6 = 83.3cm
o hf = 10 > 0.1h = 0.1*40 = 4cm Sc 6hf = 6*10 = 60cm .
o Sc = 30cm < 83.3 v 60cm nn tho v ly Sc = 30cm.
bf = 2 Sc + b = 2*30 + 20 = 80cm.
Kim tra v tr trc trung ho: b tr thp nh hnh ta c As=9.42+5.09 =
14.51cm2, lp bo v att=2+2+1.5 = 5.5cm ho=40 5.5 = 34.5cm
RsAs = 2800* 14.51 = 40.628 kgf.cm

Trc trung ho qua cnh

Rb bf hf = 115*80*10 = 92.000 kgf.cm

Ta c:

Rs As
2800 * 14.51
=
= 0.128 < R = 0.623
Rb b' f ho 115 * 80 * 34.5

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

42

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Tra bng ra m = 0.120

Mtd = m Rb bf ho2 = 0.120*115*80*34.52 = 1.314.036 kgf.cm ~ 13.14 T.m
Dm chu lc nh hnh nn c :
M = qL2/8 q = 8M/L2 [q] = 8*13.14/25 = 4.2 T/m.
4.3.2.3. Tnh ton trng hp t ct kp:
iu kin tnh ton: m

M Rb .(b 'f b).h 'f . h0 0,5h 'f

>

Rb .b.h02

Cng thc xc nh v tr TTH (s dng hnh 4.14 nhng c thm ct chu

nn Rsc th nn) :

/ As

= 0 Mf = Rb bf hf (h o - 0,5hf ) + RscAs(ho-a)

(4.36)

Nu M Mf th TTH qua cnh, ta tnh ton nh tit din ch nht (bf x h)

Nu M > Mf th TTH qua sn, tnh nh tit din ch T.

Cc cng thc tnh ton c bn cho trng hp TTH qua sn, cn trng
hp TTH qua cnh tnh nh tit din ch nht t ct kp vi b = bf .

M = m Rb bho2 + Rb(bf - b) hf (ho - 0,5hf ) + RscAs (h o a)

(4.37)

RsAs = Rb bho + Rb(bf - b) hf + Rsc As

(4.38)

Thc hin bi ton ging nh trng hp tit din ch nht t ct kp vi 2

cng thc c bn (4.37) v (4.38).
4.4. Tnh ton cng trn tit din nghing:

Hnh 4.16 S ph hoi trn

tit din nghing

b)

a)

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

43

Bi ging: BTNG C S

S ph hoi ca cu kin chu un c th xy ra khng ch theo tit din thng gc

m cn theo tit din nghing i vi trc ca cu kin, lc ct nh hng rt ln n
s lm vic ca tit din nghing. Do khe nt nghing xut hin ti ch c lc ct
ln, tc l gn gi ta v ti im c ti tp trung ln.
4.4.1. Kho st s ph hoi trn tit din nghing:
T lc mi t ti n lc ph hoi ti tit din nghing cng nh ti tit din
thng gc, tri qua 3 giai on ca trng thi ng sut - bin dng.
Trc khi xut hin khe nt nghing (giai on I v Ia)
Sau khi xut hin khe nt nghing (giai on II)
Trc khi cu kin b ph hoi theo khe nt nghing (giai on III)
S ph hoi ca dm theo tit din nghing xy ra theo 1 trong 2 s sau, phn
nh 2 trng thi gii hn.
S 1: (hnh 4.16.a) Khe nt nghing ca dm tch cu kin thnh 2 mnh ni
vi nhau bng btng ca min chu nn ngn khe nt v bng cc ct dc, ct ai v
ct xin i ngang qua khe nt. Hai mnh ca dm quay chung quanh khp chung t ti
trng tm ca min btng chu nn. Khe nt pht trin rng min nn thu hp li,
khi cc ct thp t ti gii hn chy hay b ko tut ra v neo b hng, btng b ph v
v dm b ph hoi tng t nh tnh hnh ph hoi trn tit din thng gc: y l s
ph hoi gy theo tit din nghing chu tc dng ca moment un.
S 2 : (hnh 4.16.b) Khi thp nhiu v neo cht th s quay ca hai mnh dm
b cn tr. Dm b ph hoi khi min btng chu nn pha trn khe nt b ph v do tt
c ct thp ngang nm ct qua khe nt nghing vt qu cng . S ph hoi do tc
dng chung ca lc ct cui khe nt nghing v lc nn dc. Hai phn ca cu kin
chuyn ng tng i theo hng tc dng ca lc ct v khe nt, y l s ph hoi
trt ca tit din nghing chu tc dng ca lc ct. Ngoi chu moment (M) v lc
ct (Q) ta cn kim tra cng ca min btng chu nn trn tit din nghing di
tc dng ca cc ng sut nn chnh.
4.4.2. iu kin khng ch khi tnh ton tit din nghing :
4.4.2.1. iu kin m bo kh nng chu nn :
ng sut nn chnh tch bng dm thnh nhng di nghing, cc di nghing
c th b v nt v ng sut nn chnh. Thng thng th ng sut nn chnh khng vt
qu cng chu nn Rb (nn mt trc) v btng khng b ph hoi. Tuy nhin, bng
dm chu ng sut nn v ko theo 2 phng vung gc, iu lm gim kh nng
chu nn ca btng v ta cn phi lu (xem hnh 4.17).
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

44

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Hnh 4.17
Biu din ng ng ng sut
nn, ko trong dm chu un,
vng c vt nt nghing c
khoang trn

Cc kt qu th nghim chng t rng, cng chu nn ca di nghing

bng dm nm gia cc khe nt s c m bo khi tho mn iu kin:
Q 0,31b1Rbbho

(4.40)

Vi : 1 l h s xt n nh hng ca ct ai t vung gc vi trc ca

cu kin, c xc nh theo cng thc :
1 = 1 + 5 1,3
trong : =

Es
,
Eb

(4.41)
As
(hm lng ct thp ai)
bs

As - din tch tit din ngang ca cc nhnh ai ct qua tit din

nghing.
b - chiu rng ca tit din ch nht, chiu rng sn ca tit din
ch T, I.
s - khong cch gia cc ct ai.
b1 - h s xt n kh nng phn phi li ni lc, c tnh nh sau:
b1= 1 - Rb
= 0,01 - i vi btng nng v btng ht nh
= 0,02 - i vi btng nh
Rb - cng btng (MPa).
Nu khng tha mn iu kin (4.40) phi tng kch thc tit din hoc tng cp
bn ca btng.
4.4.2.2. iu kin m bo kh nng chu ct :
Khe nt nghing xut hin khi ng sut ko chnh kc t ti Rbt. S hnh thnh
khe nt nghing trong a s cc trng bt u gia mt cnh ca tit din, ti ng
sut tip do lc ct gy ra t tr s cc i, ti cao trnh trc trung ha kc = . S phn
b ng sut tip nh vy ch xy ra khi cc ct ai c neo tt, cn tr s quay ca 2
phn cu kin v cu kin b ph hoi do s dch chuyn tng i ca 2 phn .
Theo th nghim, khi chu ct thun tu, do tnh do ca btng nn ng sut tip
phn b u theo chiu di tit din v nu xy ra iu kin:
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

45

Bi ging: BTNG C S

kc

Q
2,5Rbt
bh0

(4.42)

th khng xut hin khe nt nghing, tc l kh nng chu ct ln nht ca btng l:

(4.43)

Qb max 2,5 Rbt bh0

Biu thc (4.43) cn dng khng ch gi tr Qmax mp gi ta khi khng c

ct ngang v chu lc tp trung gn gi ta , tc l :
Q Qb max 2,5Rbt bh0

(4.43a)

ng thi, trong trng hp chung, khi khng c ct ngang cn tho mn cc

iu kin sau:
b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bho2
Q
C

(4.44)

v v phi (4.44) phi tho:

b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bho2
b 3 (1 n ) Rbt bho
C

(4.45)

Vi: C Cmax = 2h o.
(4.45a)
b3 l h s ly bng 0,6 i vi btng nng v bng 0,5 i vi btng
ht nh.
b4 l h s ly bng 1,5 i vi btng nng v bng 1,2 i vi btng
ht nh.
n l h s xt n nh hng ca lc dc trc (tham kho thm).
b4
lun 2; nn iu
b3

Ta thy: cho d dng BT nng hay BT ht nh th t s

kin (4.45) tr thnh (4.45a)
4.4.3. iu kin cng ca tit din nghing :
zs,inc1

Qb

zs,inc2

Nb + RscAs

M
RswAs,inc1

zs

RswAs,inc2

RsAs

RswAsw RswAsw RswAsw

zsw

Hnh 4.18
S tnh ton cng trn tit din nghing

zsw 3
zsw

C
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

46

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Trong hnh 4.18 th:

- M, Q:l moment v lc ct ngoi lc
- Qb : l kh nng chu lc ct ca btng min nn.
- Nb + RscAs: kh nng chu lc nn ca btng min nn v thp chu nn.
- C: l hnh chiu ca tit din nghing ln phng // trc dm
- : gc nghing ca ct xin ln phng trc dm.
- Rsw : l cng chu lc ca ct ai v ct xin, ly theo bng ph lc 2.
- Asw, As,inc: l din tch cc lp ct ai, xin i qua vt nt nghing.
- Zsw, Zs,inc, Zs : l cnh tay n t ng lc ct ai, xin, dc n tm vng nn.
- s : l khong cch gia 2 ct ai.
S ph hoi trn tit din nghing c lin quan n c moment v lc ct, nhng
do tnh cht phc tp ca bi ton nu tnh ng thi c hai yu t trn, nn tiu chun
thit k cho php tch ring moment v lc ct khi tnh ton trn tit din nghing.
Da vo hnh 4.18, ta c:
iu kin cng th I (theo moment un), lp phng trnh cn bng moment
ly tm quay l tm vng btng chu nn:
M Ms+ Msw+ Ms,inc

M Rs Fs Z s R sw Asw Z sw R sw As ,inc Z s.inc

(4.46)

iu kin cng th II (theo lc ct), lp phng trnh cn bng hnh chiu ln

phng vung gc trc dm (phng Y):
Q Qs+ Qsw+ Qs,inc

Q Qb Rsw Asw Rsw As ,inc sin

Theo quy phm : Qb =

Trong :

b 2 (1 f n ) Rbt bh02
C

(4.47)
(4.48)

b2 l h s ph thuc vo loi btng

b2 = 2,0 i vi btng nng v btng t ong,
b2 = 1,7 i vi btng ht nh.
f l h s xt n nh hng ca cnh tit din ch T, I khi cnh
nm trong vng nn, c tnh nh sau:
f 0,75

(b 'f b) h 'f
bho

0,5

(4.49)

ng thi ly bf b + 3hf v ct thp ngang phi c neo

vo cnh
Trong mi trng hp phi khng ch gi tr (1+f +n) 1,5

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

47

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Gi tr Qb tnh theo (4.48) phi b khng ch nh sau:

Qb Qbmin = b3(1+f +n)Rbtbho

(4.50)

T (4.48) ta thy rng kh nng chu ct ca btng Qb ph thuc chiu di hnh

chiu ca tit din nghing C. Tuy vy khi C tng, Qb khng th gim v hn m phi
m bo Qb Qbmin. T (4.48) v (4.50) ta rt ra c:
C

b2
ho
b3

(4.51)

ng thi khi C gim th Qb khng th tng v hn m phi m bo :

Qb Qbmax= 2,5Rbtbho
T suy ra:

b2
(1 f n )ho
2,5

(4.52)

4.4.4. Tnh ton tit din nghing chu lc ct :

4.4.4.1. Tnh ton tit din nghing ch c ct ai (khng ct xin) :
a). Lp cng thc tnh ton :
Khi khng c ct xin iu kin cng (4.47) tr thnh:
Q Qb R sw Asw

(4.53)

vi Qsw Rsw Asw c th vit li thnh:

R
vi

sw

qsw =

Asw =

Rsw Asw
.C = qsw.C
s

(4.54)

Rsw Asw
s

(4.55)

Phi hp (4.48), (4.53), (4.54), ta c:

Q Qu =

b 2 (1 f n ) Rbt bh02
+ qsw.C
C

(4.56)

Theo (4.56) khi chiu di C tng ln th Qb gim v Qsw tng v kh nng chu
ct ca cu kin c mt gi tr cc tiu ng vi mt gi tr C no c gi l tit
din nghing nguy him nht Co. tm gi tr Co ch cn trit tiu o hm Qu i vi
bin s C, ta c:
b 2 (1 f n ) Rbt bh02
dQu
0 dC
C2

t :

+ qsw = 0

Mb = b2(1+f + n)Rbtb ho2

(4.56a) -

Mb
+ q sw = 0 Co =
Co2

(4.56a)
(4.57)

Mb
q sw

(4.58)

Thay C=Co vo (4.56), bin i, rt gn, ta c:

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

48

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Q 2 M b q sw = 2 M b

stt1

Rsw Asw
s

(4.59)

4M b Rsw Asw
Q2

(4.59a)

ng thi trn tit din nghing nguy him nht ly Co= 2ho, ct ai phi chu
c lc ct khng t hn kh nng chu ct ti thiu ca btng trnh ph hoi gin:
qsw.Co Qbmin qsw

(1 f n ) Rbt bh0
Qb min
Q
= b min = b 3
Co
2 ho
2 ho

(1 f n ) Rbt b
Rsw Asw
b3
s
2

Hay:

stt2

2.Rsw Asw
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b

(4.60)

b). Yu cu v b tr ct ai trong bn v dm:

i vi tm c, tm rng c sn c chiu dy < 300 m.m v trong dm c
chiu cao < 150 m.m cho php khng t ct ngang.
i vi tm c, tm rng c sn c chiu dy 300 m.m v trong dm c
chiu cao 150 m.m phi t ct ngang. Yu cu v cch thc b tr ct ngang nh sau:
Trn on c lc ct ln (thng l gn gi ta):
o Khi chiu cao dm h 45cm: sct

h
2

o Khi chiu cao dm h > 45cm:sct

h
v sct 30cm
3

v sct 15cm

Trong on c lc ct nh m bo vic nh v ct dc v nh hnh tit

din th b tr vi khong cch s h v 500m.m (thng ly 300m.m).
Ta c th thy trong dm chu lc phn b u on c lc ct ln ly bng 1/4
nhp, cn dm chu lc tp trung th bng khong cch t gi ta n im t lc tp
trung u tin, nhng khng nh hn 1/4 nhp (xem hnh di):

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

49

Bi ging: BTNG C S

ng thi khong cch ct ai phi tho iu kin khong cch ti a cho

php, da vo trng hp vt nt nghing nguy him (c hnh chiu Co) khng
i qua ct ai no, tc l ta s dng cng thc (4.44) vi C = s, ta c:
smax
v

b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bho2
Q

(4.61)

smax 2ho (theo (4.45a))

c). Bi ton tnh ton ct ai (ct ngang) :

i). Bi ton thit k: chn sw, s nhnh n khong cch b tr
Tin hnh tnh ct ai theo cc bc sau: c sw, s nhnh n Asw, ta ln lt
tnh cc khong cch s nh sau:
Tnh stt1 theo (4.59a), tnh stt2 theo (4.60).
Tnh sct theo yu cu trong mc 4.4.4.1.b trn.
Tnh smax theo (4.61).
Chn khong cch b tr sbt l MIN(stt1, stt2, sct, smax).
Kim tra iu kin chu nn ca tit din nghing theo (4.40). Nu khng tho
cn phi tng tit din hoc tng cp bn ca btng (cn tnh li ct dc).
ii). Bi ton kim tra : c sw, s nhnh n, khong cch sct kim tra kh nng
chu lc ca tit din nghing, tc l phi tho QmaxQu.
Thc hin bi ton theo cc bc sau:
Tnh sct, stt2, ly gi tr min.
Kim tra iu kin chu nn nh trn.
Tnh qsw theo (4.55), tnh Mb theo (4.57).
Kim tra iu kin cng theo (4.59), nu khng tho cn iu chnh ct ai
(tng , gim s, tng s nhnh ai n) tnh li n khi tho.
V d 4.8: Cho dm nh VD4.1, tit din 20x55cm, hy v biu lc ct, tnh v b
tr ct ai cho dm; b sung cc s liu sau: cng chu ko ca BT B20 l Rbt=
0.9MPa = 9 kgf/cm2, modul n hi Eb = 27.10 3 MPa, thp ai dng nhm CI c Rsw=
175MPa = 1750 kgf/cm2, modul n hi Es = 21.104 MPa.
Dm c biu v gi tr lc ct nh hnh bn.
Chn ct ai 6, 2 nhnh (asw = 0.283cm 2, n=2)
Asw=0.283*2=0.566 cm2.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

50

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Tnh Smax =

b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bho2
;
Q

vi : Lp bo v ct ai ly bng 2cm
ho = 53cm
b4 l h s ly bng 1,5 i btng nng
n l h s xt n nh hng ca lc dc trc (bi ny n=0)
Smax =

1.5 * 1 * 9 * 20 * 53 2
= 43.3cm
17500

Tnh Stt1 =

4 M b Rsw Asw
Q2

Vi: Mb = b2(1+f + n)Rbtb ho2

b2 = 2,0 i vi btng nng
B qua nh hng ca cnh T f = 0.
Mb= 2*1*9*20*532 = 1.011.240 kgf.cm
Stt1 =
Tnh Stt2=

4 * 1.011.240 * 1750 * 0.566

= 13.08cm
17500 2

2.Rsw Asw
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b

Vi: b3 l h s ly bng 0,6 i vi btng nng

Stt2=

2 * 1750 * 0.566
= 18,3cm
0.6 * 9 * 20

Chiu cao dm h=55cm > 45cm Sct

h
= 18.3cm v 30cm.
3

Khong cch b tr l :
Min (Smax, Stt1; Stt2, Sct) = 13.08cm c th ly chn l 10cm.
Kim tra iu kin chu nn: Q 0,31b1Rbbho
Vi :

1 = 1 + 5 1,3
trong : =

Es
21.10 4
=
= 7.78
Eb 27 * 10 3
As
0.566
=
= 0.00283
bs
20 * 10

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

51

Bi ging: BTNG C S

1 = 1 + 5*7.78*0.00283 = 1.11
b1= 1 - Rb
= 0,01 i vi btng nng
Rb = 11.5 MPa.
b1= 1 0.01*11.5 = 0.885
0,31b1Rbbh o=0.3*1.11*0.885*115*20*53= 35.924 kgf > Q=17.500kgf
Tho iu kin chu nn
Kt lun: b tr ct ai 6, 2 nhnh, khong cch a=10cm cho on 1/4 2 u
dm, on 1/2 gia dm b tr 6a200.
4.4.4.2. Tnh ton ct xin :
Nhng on dm c lc ngang ln (Q > Qu), ngi ta t thm ct xin
tng kh nng chu lc ca tit din nghing. Ct xin thng l nhng on ca ct
dc c un xin ln sut chiu cao dm. Gc nghing thng l 45o khi dm c
chiu cao h 800 m.m; = 60 o khi dm c chiu cao h > 800m.m, cn trong bn = 30 o.
5cm

sinc1 smax

I/

II
a
h

I/

C1 II

sinc2

C2
C3
X
Biu lc ct ca
na dm chu lc
phn b

Qinc
Qinc2

Q1
Q2
Q3

Qu

L/2
Hnh 4.19. V tr cc tit din nghing dng khi tnh ton cu
kin c ct xin

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

52

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Xem hnh 4.19 ta thy tit din nghing nguy him nht c th l I-I, I-I
hoc II-II, trong tit din nghing I-I i qua 2 lp ct xin; Ta cha bit tit din
nghing nguy him nht l tit din no, nhng trong tnh ton an ton qui phm cho
php xem tit din nghing nguy him nht ch i qua 1 lp ct xin, tc l khi tnh lp
ct xin no th ch xt tit din nghing qua lp ct xin thi. C th nh trong hnh
IV.19 th khi tnh lp ct xin th nht (k t gi) th ta ch xt tit din nghing I-I c
hnh chiu l C1, cn khi tnh lp ct xin th hai th ta xt tit din nghing II-II c
hnh chiu l C3.
iu kin cng ca tit din nghing c dng:
Qi Qu R sw As ,inc sin
Xt trn tit din nghing I-I ta c:
Q1= Qu + RswAs,inc1 sin As ,inc1

Q1 Qu
Qinc1

Rsw sin Rsw sin

Xt trn tit din nghing II-II ta c:

Q2= Qu + RswAs,inc2 sin As ,inc 2
Hay tng qut ta c: As ,inci

Q2 Qu
Qinc 2

Rsw sin Rsw sin

Qi Qu
Qinci

Rsw sin Rsw sin

(4.62)

Trnh t tnh ton ct xin nh sau:

o Xc nh on cn b tr ct xin (on X trn hnh 4.19) l on c
Q>Qu , lp t l:
Q Qu Qinc1
X
X
1

L/2
Q1
Q1

o B tr ct xin trong on X theo cc yu cu sau (xem hnh 4.19):

im u lp ct xin th nht cch mp gi ta 5cm,
B tr lp ct xin th nht sinc1=

h a a'
, nu =45 o th
tg

sinc1= h - a - a.
B tr lp ct xin th 2 vi iu kin : im u lp ct xin
th 2 cch im cui lp ct xin th nht 1 on smax
sinc2
Ta tip tc b tr cc lp ct xin n khi no to ca chn
lp ct xin cui cng X, tc l :
5cm + sinc1 + smax + sinc1 + ... + sinc1 X.
o Tnh din tch yu cu ca cc lp ct xin theo cng thc (4.62).
o B tr ct xin bng cch dng ct dc un ln, lng ct dc un ln
trong tng lp phi As,inc.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

53

Bi ging: BTNG C S

V d 4.9: Cho dm nh hnh di, c biu moment v lc ct nh hnh, hy tnh v

b tr thp (ct dc, ct ai, ct xin) cho dm, vi cc thng s v BT v thp nh cc
VD trc.

Biu moment (T.m)

B

Biu lc ct (T)
Trc ht ta thy moment ln nht gia nhp 5m l 21.78T.m, gn bng vi
moment VD4.1, vy ta cng chn tit din dm l 20x55cm, th ta s c ct
dc nh sau:
o Vi momnet 21.78 T.m tnh c As= 21.75 cm 2, chn thp nh VD4.1
(622).
o Vi moment 9.56T.m, ta tnh c As= 7.71 cm2, c th b tr thp 222
+ 214 (As= 10.68cm 2) .
i vi lc ct, trong VD 4.7 ta cng bit tit din dm chu nn, lng ct
ai b tr phi Sct v Stt2, vy ta c th chn ct ai 6a100 b tr cho ton
dm, lng ct ai ny chc chn khng chu lc ct max l 21.16T (nh tnh
ton trong VD4.7), vy trong trng hp ny ta chn gii php tnh ct xin cho
dm chu ct (thay v c th tng ct ai).
Ta tnh c : qsw =

Rsw Asw 1750 * 0.566

=
= 99 kgf/cm.
s
10

Mb = b2(1+f + n)Rbtb ho2 = 2*1*9*20*532 = 1.011.240 kgf.cm

Tnh c kh nng chu ct ca ct ai:
Qu = 2 M b * q sw = 2 1.011.240 * 99 = 20.011 kgf = 20.01T

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

54

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Xc nh im B trn biu lc ct (im c lc ct bng 0) tnh t gi tri:

B
23.16
=
B = 2.72m
5 23.16 19.34

Xc nh on X cn b tr ct xin:
Xt 2 tam gic ng dng ABC v CDE, ta c :

X
23.16 20.01
=
2.72
23.16

X = 0.37m = 370mm
B tr ct xin trong on X theo yu cu nh trong hnh 4.19, gc nghing ca
ct xin l 45o, n gin cho tnh ton v an ton ta xem lc ct max l ti
mp gi, sau khi b tr ta nhn thy v tr chn ca ct xin cch mp gi mt
on l 50 + 392 = 442mm > X = 370mm, vy ta ch cn b tr 1 lp ct xin l
chu phn lc ct cn li, tip theo ta ch vic tnh din tch ct xin yu cu
chu ct, tnh ton nh sau:
As ,inc

Q Qu
Rsw sin

23..160 20.010
2250 *

2
2

= 1.98cm2.

Vi lng thp yu cu l 1.98cm2 ta c th un 222 (As= 7.60cm 2) lp trn

(cy s 3) lm ct xin, xem hnh trang sau.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

55

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

56

Bi ging: BTNG C S

4.4.5. Tnh ton tit din nghing chu moment :

Trng thi gii hn ca tit din nghing chu tc dng ca moment un cng
tng t nh trng thi gii hn ca tit din thng gc khi un vic tnh ton tit din
nghing chu moment un da trn c s iu kin cng .
M Rs Fs Z s R sw Asw Z sw R sw As ,inc Z s.inc

M trong cng thc trn l moment ca tt c cc ngoi lc tc dng ln on

dm c tch ra bi tit din nghing, moment ny ly i vi trng tm ca min
chu nn ca tit din nghing.
Thng thng tit din nghing chu moment un khng phi l tit din nguy
him nu tit din thng gc i qua im t hp lc nn trn tit din nghing
kh nng chu moment, ti 1 s v tr sau - xt n m bo cng chu un ca tit
din nghing.
o Ti ch ct dc chu ko ngoi phm vi gi ta.
o Ti ch ct dc chu ko un ln thnh ct xin.
o Ti ch neo ct dc chu ko ti gi ta t do.
o Ti ch chiu cao ca dm thay i t ngt.
phm vi gio trnh ta xt 3 trng hp u.
4.4.5.1. Ct ct dc chu ko ngoi phm vi gi ta :
tit kim thp, ngi ta thng ct bt mt s ct dc chu ko ch m
theo tnh ton vi tit din thng gc th khng cn dng n na. Trong trng hp
ny ct dc cn phi c ko di ra ngoi im ct l thuyt (tc l ra ngoi tit din
thng gc m ti y thanh ct thp khng cn cn thit chu moment un Mo
na) mt on W m bo cng chu un cho bt c tit din nghing no chu
moment ln hn hay bng Mo. Di y chng minh ti sao lm vy v tm cng thc
tnh W.
Gi s ti gi ta, din tch ct thp dc chu ko dng chu moment gi l
As. Ti tit din 0 - 0 (xem hnh 4.20) theo tnh ton vi Mo trn tit din thng gc th
khng cn n ct s 1 na (As1), tc l:
Mo = Rs (As - As1) zs

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

57

Bi ging: BTNG C S

0
W

As

As1
0

M1

M0

Q1

Q0

MA

Mgi

Hnh 4.20. Ct ct
dc chu ko ngoi
phm vi gi ta

QA

Ti tit din ny, tit kim thp ta c th ct bt thanh ct s 1 y l im

ct l thuyt. Nhng nu ct ngang ti y th cha c v cng chu un ca tit
din nghing khng m bo (chng hn tit din nghing AB, AC).
Thc t, moment trn tit din nghing AB, AC l MA > Mo. Nhng ct dc
chu ko vn l As - As1. Ngoi ra, ch c thm mt t ct ai m thi, l l do ko di
ct s 1 mt on W. Xt tit din nghing AC bt k c hnh chiu l C, ta c phng
trnh cn bng moment trn tit din .
MA Rs (As - As1)zs + RswAswzsw MA M0 + Rsw Asw zsw

(4.63)

i lc trong ct ai thnh lc phn b u RswAsw zsw = qsw .C2/2

thay vo (4.63) q sw

C2
MA M0
2

Theo Sc bn vt liu th dc biu moment chnh l lc ct ti ti :

M A Mo
Qo
(C W )

M A M o Qo (C W ) q sw

q sw 2
C C
2Q0

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

C2
2

(4.64)

58

Bi ging: BTNG C S

q sw
C
2Q0

Mun an ton th W phi ln hn hoc bng tr cc i ca

q C
Q
d q sw C 2
C 0 sw 1 0 C 0

dC 2Q0
Q0
q sw

Thay C vo (4.64) W

Q0
2q sw

V thanh b ct khng phi c th tham gia chu lc ngang t u mt ca n,

nn an ton ly nh sau:
W

0,8Q0
5d
2q sw

(4.65)

trong : d : ng knh ct b ct
q sw

Rsw Asw
s

Qo : tr s lc ngang ti v tr ct l thuyt, cng l dc biu moment

Nu trn tit din nghing cn c ct xin th W :
W

vi

0,8(Q0 Qinc )
5d
2q sw

Qinc R sw Asw sin

Ngoi ra theo yu cu neo ct thp W 20d.

4.4.5.2. V tr im un ca ct dc chu ko :
Ti tit din thng gc (1-1) (hnh 4.21) ct dc chu ko As c tn dng ht
kh nng chu lc, nu ti tit din ny ta un ct dc thnh ct xin th cng
chu un ca tit din nghing (2-2) khng m bo, v tit din thng gc (1-1) v tit
din nghing (2-2) u cng chu mt tr s moment un nhng trn tit din (1-1) th
ct dc As lm vic vi cnh tay n z1 cn trn tit din (2-2) ct xin lm vic vi
cnh tay n zinc1
zinc1= z1 cos < z1
Mun cng ca tit din nghing (2-2) bng hoc ln hn cng tit din
thng gc (1-1) th ta phi di ct xin ra xa hn, sao cho : zinc > zinc1 v zinc > z1 tc l:
M1-1 = Rs As z1 M2-2 = Rs Ainc zinc
As,inc = As

(As,inc l t As un ln)

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

59

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Vy mun tha mn yu cu trn th im un ca ct dc phi cch xa tit din

(1-1) mt on l x hay :
z1 zinc = z1.cos + x.sin
vi = 45o

z1

2
(z1 + x)
2

2 z1 - z1 x

0,4142 z1 x
an ton v d dng trong tnh ton ta ly x h o/2
1
x ho/2
2
z1

RsAs

As,inc

2
zinc1

zinc
Biu bao ca vt liu
chu moment un

Biu moment

Hnh 4.21. V tr im un ca ct xin

4.4.5.3. Neo ct dc chu ko ti gi ta :

Vn ny c ngha rt quan trng, c c neo cht th ct dc pht huy c
ht kh nng chu lc ca n. Nu neo khng tt th ng sut trong ct dc cha t n
cng chu ko m b tut. C th ni rng, trong on neo ct thp c kh nng
chu lc thp hn nhng on khc. Do tit din nghing m khi im ti on
neo c th tr thnh tit din nguy him. trnh iu , vic neo ct dc chu ko
phi tun theo cc quy nh :
Khi tho iu kin (4.43a) v (4.44) th lneo 10d,
Khi khng tho iu kin (4.43a) v (4.44) th lneo 15d.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

60

Bi ging: BTNG C S

V d 4.10: Cho dm nh VD4.1, nhng chu lc tp trung P sao cho moment vn l

21.88T.m, tnh ton ct thp cho dm.
moment bng nhau th P = qL/2 = 17.5 T, vi
lc tp trung gia th M = PL/4 = 17.5*5/4 =
21.88 T.m. Dng biu nh hnh bn.
Nh VD4.1 ta bit dm c tit din 20x55cm,
b tr 622 chu lc. Theo l thuyt ta bit, biu
moment gim dn v gi, ln nht gia, lng thp ta tnh ton trn l ng
vi gi tr moment max ti gia dm, vy nu lng thp trn b tr chy dc
sut dm th on gn gi s ph vt liu (thp), ta s ct bt lng thp ny,
tnh ton nh sau:
Trc ht ta tnh ton kh nng chu lc (Mtd) ca dm vi 622:
T hnh b tr thp ta c: att = 2 + 2.2 +1.5 = 5.7cm .
ho = 55 5.7 = 49.3cm
Dm b tr thp 622 As = 22.81cm2 .

Rs As
2800 * 22.81
= 0.563 < R= 0.623 Tho

Rb bho
115 * 20 * 49.3

Tra PL6 ta c m = 0.405

Tnh Mtd = m Rbb ho2 = 0.405*115*20*49.32 ~ 22.64 T.m
Ct bt 322 lp trn, tnh Mtd :
T hnh b tr thp ta c: att = 2 + 1.1 = 3.1cm .
ho = 55 3.1 = 51.9cm
Dm b tr thp 322 As = 11.40cm2 .

Rs As
2800 * 11.40

= 0.267 < R= 0.623 Tho

Rb bho
115 * 20 * 51.9

Tra PL6 ta c m = 0.230

Tnh Mtd = m Rbb ho2 = 0.230*115*20*51.92 ~ 14.25 T.m
Tnh v tr ct thp l thuyt : xt 2 tam gic ng dng ABC v ADE ta c:
X
14.25
=
X = 1.63 m = 1630 mm
2.5 21.88

Tnh on ko di ca thp b ct :
W

0,8Q0
5d
2q sw

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

61

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Trong : d : ng knh ct b ct (2.2cm)

Qo : tr s lc ct ti v tr ct l thuyt, cng l dc biu moment,
Qo= 17.5/2 = 8.75 T
Vi gi tr lc ct ch bng so vi VD 4.7, ta thy rng ct ai trong
trng hp ny c th b tr l 6a150, vy:
q sw

Rsw Asw 1750 * 0.566

=
= 66 kgf/cm
s
15

0,8Q0
0.8 * 8750
5 * 2.2 = 64 cm > 20d = 20*2.2 = 44 cm
5d =
2 * 66
2q sw

V tr ct thp thc t cch gi ta 1 on l : 1630 640 = 990 mm ~ 1/5 L

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

62

Bi ging: BTNG C S

TM TT TNH TON CU KIN CHU UN

1. BI TON TIT DIN CH NHT

Cc cng thc c bn:

o Bi ton t ct n:
M= mRbbh o2;

m = (1 0,5)

RsAs= Rbbho;

= (1- 0,5)

Vi

M= RsAsh o;

= 1- 1 2 m ), = 0,5(1+ 1 2 m )

o Bi ton t ct kp:
M = m Rbb ho2 + RscAs (ho - a)
RsAs= Rbbho + RscAs
Lu bi ton thit k:
Bit: M; b, h; Rb; Rs; Rsc . Tnh As v As ?

Tnh ct n, tra
bng tm hoc
R bh
As = b o hoc

m R

Rs
M
As=
Rs ho

Rb bho
Rs

M
Rb bho2

Rsc
A' s
Rs

Ly

A/s

Tra bng tm

iu chnh tit din

b, h hoc tnh ct kp

Tnh ct kp dng bi ton

cha bit A/s

A/s < minbho

minbho

mR

Ly m = R
M R R R bho2

A' s

Rsc ( ho a ' )

m>R

A/s minbho

2a/ho

< 2a/ho
As

Ly x=2a
As =

R m0,5

Tnh ct kp dng bi ton

bit A/s

B tr thp, k.tra

Tnh As

Tnh m =

Rb bho
Rs

R
sc A' s
Rs

Tnh
R Rb bho Rsc
As

A' s
Rs
Rs

M
R s ( ho a ' )

Kim tra hm lng min max

R Rb
*100%
Rs

Chn thp v b tr thp, kim tra a, a, to

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

63

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Lu bi ton kim tra cng :

Bit: b, h; Rb; Rs; Rsc; As v As . Tnh Mtd ?

Tnh att ho

Tra bng ra m
Mtd = mRbb ho2

Tnh

> R

Rs As
Rb bho

Ly m = R
Mtd = RRbb ho2

2. BI TON TIT DIN CH T ( I, HP ) T CT N

Cc cng thc c bn (trng hp tnh ton tit din ch T):

M= m Rb b ho2 + Rb(bf - b) hf (ho - 0,5hf );

m = (1 0,5)

RsAs = Rb b ho + Rb(bf - b) hf ;
iu kin hn ch: m R ; R
Lu bi ton thit k:
Bit: M; b, h; b f,hf; Rb; Rs. Tnh As?

Tnh bf, hf.

Tnh nh tit
din ch
nht bfx h.

Tnh
M Mf

Kim tra v tr TTH

Mf = Rb bf hf (ho - 0,5hf )

Kim tra ;
B tr thp
k.tra att; to.

M > Mf

h'
M Rb .(b 'f b ).h 'f . h0 ' f

m
2
Rb .b.h0

m R

Tra bng tm tnh:

R
As b . .b.h0 (b 'f b).h'f
Rs

m > R
Bi ton
ct kp .

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

64

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Lu bi ton kim tra cng :

Bit: b, h; b f,hf;att ; Rb; Rs; As . Tnh Mtd ?

Tnh bf, hf.

Tnh nh tit
din ch nht
bfx h.

Kim tra
RsAs > Rb bf hf TTH qua sn (1)
RsAs Rb bf hf TTH qua cnh (2)

(2)

(1)
Tnh tit din ch T.
R

R s As Rb (b /f b) h /f

> R

Rb bho

Ly mR

Tra bng ra A v tnh:

Tra bng ra Ao v tnh:

Mtd =m Rb b ho2 +Rb(bf - b)hf (ho -0,5hf )

Mtd = R Rb b ho2 + Rb(bf - b) hf (ho - 0,5hf )

3. BI TON TNH CT AI v CT XIN

Cc thng s:
1 = 1 + 5 1,3;
b1= 1 - Rb;

Es
,
Eb

As
bs

= 0,01 - i vi btng nng v btng ht nh

= 0,02 - i vi btng nh.

b2 = 2,0 i vi btng nng v btng t ong, = 1,7 i vi btng ht nh.

b3= 0,6 (i vi btng nng; = 0,5 /v BT ht nh)
b4 l h s ly bng 1,5 i vi btng nng v bng 1,2 i vi btng ht nh.

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

65

Bi ging: BTNG C S

Lu tnh ton :Bit Qmax, Rb, Rbt, Rsw .

Bi ton kim tra:
Chn trc thp ai : sw, s
nhnh ai n Asw

2
o

b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bh
Q max
4 M b R sw Asw
stt1 =
2
Q max
2.R sw Asw
stt2 =
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b

smax =

Tnh li ct dc, ai

Tnh:

Tng tit din (b,h)

Bi ton thit k:
Chn trc thp ai : sw, s
nhnh ai n Asw

sct theo mc IV.4.1.b

Khng
tho
sbt = min (smax, stt1, stt2, sct) 10cm

Tnh:
stt2 =

2.R sw Asw
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b

sct theo mc IV.4.1.b

s chn l min ca 2 gi tr trn

Kim tra iu kin chu nn:

0,31b1Rbbho Qmax
Tho

Tho
Khng tho

Tnh: qsw =
Kim tra iu kin chu nn: Khng
0,31b1Rbbho Qmax
tho

R sw Asw
s

Tnh: Mb = b2(1+f + n)Rbtb ho2

Tho
B tr ct ai vi s = sbt

Khng
tho

Kim tra iu kin :

Qmax 2 M b q sw
Tho

iu chnh sw, s, n tnh li t u

hoc tnh ct xin:
Xc nh on dm cn t ct xin
(on c Q > Qu).
B tr ct xin trong on .
Xc nh s lp ct xin.

As,inci

B tr ct ai vi s = sbt

Qi Qu
Qinci

Rsw sin Rsw sin

Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un

66