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Bending For Concrete PDF
Bending For Concrete PDF
Chng 4
l - nhp dm.
tiu chun ha kch thc ca dm, chiu cao nn chn l bi s ca 5cm khi
h 60cm, v l bi s ca 10cm khi h > 60cm, chiu rng b ca dm trong vng chu
ko c xc nh iu kin t ct thp chu lc vi khong gia cc ct thp l ti
thiu. Nn chn b l 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 cm v khi ln hn na th nn
chn bi s ca 10cm.
Btng dng trong cu kin chu un thng c cp bn B12,5; 15; 20, 25, (30,
35, 40, 45) tng ng vi mc M150, 200, 250, 350, (400, 450, 500, 600).
22
Bi ging: BTNG C S
4.1.2. Cu to v ct thp:
a). i vi dm:
Ct thp trong dm gm : ct dc chu lc, ct dc cu to, ct ai, ct xin.
Trong dm lun tn ti 4 ct dc 4 gc v ct ai; ct xin c th khng c (H 4.2).
Ct thp dc chu lc ca dm thng dng nhm AII, AIII hoc CII, CIII c
= 12 - 40 m.m v ct ai trong dm dng chu lc ngang t nht c ng knh =
4 m.m (nhm CI hoc AI)
Hnh 4.2
Hnh 4.3
to
to
ao2
ao1
23
Bi ging: BTNG C S
b). i vi bn sn:
Ct thp dc chu lc ca bn c ng knh t 6 n 12m.m v ct cu to
t thng gc vi ct chu lc c ng knh t 4 - 8m.m (hnh 4.4), khong cch gia
cc ct phn b thng khong 100 - 300m.m v khng c ln hn 350mm, ngoi ra
cc yu cu chung v cu to tit din cu kin, b tr ct thp .... cn tham kho c th
xem [2].
Hnh 4.4
Ct cu to
Lp bo v ct thp ao ca sn c ly nh sau:
o
o
24
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Rb
Rb
Db
zb
RsAs
a)
sAs
b)
RsAs
c)
Hnh 4.6 S trng thi ng sut bin dng trn tit din thng gc ca cu
kin chu un trong giai on ph hoi
a) Theo ct thp chu ko ; b) Theo btng chu nn
c) ng thi theo ct thp chu ko v theo btng chu nn.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un
25
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Trong tnh ton, ly trng hp th 3 (hnh 4.6c) lm c s cho trng thi gii hn
v cng trn tit din thng gc ca cu kin. S ng sut dng tnh ton tit
din ly nh sau:
ng sut ca min btng chu nn t n cng chu nn Rb; s ng
sut ca min xem l hnh ch nht.
ng sut min ko khng k n kh nng chu ko ca btng (v btng
b nt vo giai on ny); ct chu ko t ti cng chu ko tnh ton Rs :
Trong thc t, s ng sut ca min btng chu nn c dng ng cong, tr
s ng sut cc i ca min vt qu cng lng tr. Nu dng s ng sut
dng ng cong th vic tnh ton s tr nn phc tp, do ngi ta quy i s
thnh s ch nht, da vo hai iu kin sau y:
(1). Hp lc ca ng sut phn b theo hai s phi bng nhau
(2). B cao ca s ch nht phi chn sao cho cnh tay n ca ni ngu lc
ca 2 s phi bng nhau c nh th mi bo m c s bng nhau ca moment
Rb
max
b
un ca 2 s .
Rlt
x=2X
X
M
Hnh 4.7. Quy i s ng sut thc t
thnh s ng sut hnh ch nht
RsAs
dx Rb x
(a)
(b)
.dx . bmax . X
(c)
26
Bi ging: BTNG C S
bmax = Rlt
t :
(a)
(d)
Rlt X = Rb X = 2..Rb.X
Rb
Rlt
2
(e)
Rs As
Rb b
(g)
(h)
R A
M R s As ho 0,5 s s
Rb b
(i)
Rs As
M Rs As ho 0,5
Rlt b
(k)
Rb = 1,25. Rlt
1,25
2
(g)
b)
Rb
RbAb
Ab
x
ho
zb
As
RsAs
a
a
b
/ As
= 0 M = RbAb (h o - 0,5x)
M = Rbbx (ho - 0,5x)
(4.1)
27
Bi ging: BTNG C S
(4.2)
T (4.1) v (4.2) ta c:
M = RsAs (ho - 0,5x)
(4.3)
Trong :
x
x
R =
=
ho
ho
Rs
1
1
sc ,u 1,1
(4.4)
28
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Rb bx
R bh
R b o = As,max .
Rs
Rs
As
l hm lng ca ct thp trong tit din btng th:
bho
max =
As,max
bho
R Rb
Rs
(4.5)
(4.6)
(4.7)
(4.8)
3 cng thc (4.6), (4.7), (4.8) l 3 cng thc c bn dng gii cc bi ton ca cu
kin chu un tit din ch nht vi cc gi tr , , m tra ph lc 6, hay ta c mi
quan h gia chng nh sau:
m = (1- 0,5)
(4.9)
= (1- 0,5)
= 1- 1 2 m )
= 0,5(1+ 1 2 m )
(4.10)
(4.11)
(4.12)
29
Bi ging: BTNG C S
M
Rb bho2
(4.13)
T iu kin hn ch (4.4) c R, tc l m R.
o Nu m > R th ta phi iu chnh li tit din b, h (ch yu l h).
o Nu m R th ta tra bng ph lc 6 (hoc tnh t cng thc (4.11),
(4.12)) c hoc
Tnh As t cng thc (4.7) hoc (4.8):
(4.7) As =
Rb bho
Rs
(4.14)
(4.8) As=
M
Rs ho
(4.15)
As
*100%
bho
R Rb
*100%
Rs
Hnh 4.9
a1 As1 a 2 As 2
As1 As 2
hoc n gin hn :
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un
30
Bi ging: BTNG C S
21,88.10 5
M
=
= 0.431 > R= 0.429 khng tho iu kin
Rb bho2
115 * 20 * 47 2
M
21,88.10 5
=
= 0.352 < R= 0.429 Tho
Rb bho2 115 * 20 * 52 2
Hoc : As =
M
21,88.10 5
=
= 19.47 cm 2 .
Rs ho 0,772 * 2800 * 52
(Ta tnh As theo c 2 cch u c, nhng cho kt qu sai khc do sai s khi tra bng).
Kim tra hm lng:
As
19.52
*100% =
*100% = 1.88%
20 * 52
bho
31
Bi ging: BTNG C S
R Rb
0.623 * 115
*100% =
*100% = 2.56%
2800
Rs
B tr thp:
As = 19.52 cm2 chn 322+320 (As chn = 20.83cm2), b tr thp 2 lp nh
hnh di (vi lp trn l 320).
Kim tra lp bo v :
att = 2 + 2.2 +1.5 = 5.7cm > agt = 3cm khng tho
v cn tnh li, sau khi tnh li vi a=5.7cm ta c As=
21.62cm2 > As chn nn phi chn li thp 622 (As
22.81cm2), b tr nh hnh bn.
chn
M
M
~ 2*
Rb b
Rb b
(4.16)
32
Bi ging: BTNG C S
21.88 * 10 5
M
= 2*
= 60cm
115 * 20
Rb b
Rs As
Rb bho
(4.17)
Rs As 2800 * 22.81
= 0.511 < R= 0.623 Tho
Rb bho 115 * 20 * 54.3
33
Bi ging: BTNG C S
vng btng chu nn; tuy nhin v iu kin kinh t v an ton trong tnh ton ta khng
nn t ct nn qu nhiu, t ta c iu kin khng ch nh sau:
1. S ng sut:
a)
x/2
R m 0,5
As
b)
Rb
a
RscAs
RbAb
Ab
ho
As
RsAs
a
Hnh 4.10
b
S ng sut trng hp t ct kp
/ As
(4.18)
(4.19)
(4.20)
(4.21)
34
Bi ging: BTNG C S
R < m =
M
0,5
Rb bho2
T (4.21) As
M R Rb bho2
Rsc (ho a ' )
(4.22)
R Rb bho Rsc
A' s
Rs
Rs
(4.23)
As As/
*100%
bho
min max
R Rb
*100%
Rs
21,88.10 5
M
=
= 0.491 > R= 0.429 khng tho iu kin
Rb bho2
115 * 20 * 44 2
o Tnh As
R Rb bho Rsc
0.623 * 115 * 20 * 44 2800
2
A' s =
2.42 = 24.9cm
Rs
Rs
2800
2800
24.9 2.42
*100% = 2.55% ~ max
20 * 44
35
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Kim tra lp bo v :
att = 2 + 2.5 +1.5 = 6cm = agt tho v khng cn tnh
li, b tr nh hnh bn.
Kim tra khong thng thu gia 2 ct thp to :
to = 20 2*2 2.5*3 /2 = 4.25cm tho
b). Bi ton 2: Bit M, b, h, Rs, Rsc, As tnh As
T (4.20) m =
(4.24)
Rb bho
Rs
Rsc
A' s
Rs
(4.25)
(4.26)
(4.27)
Rs As Rsc A' s
Rb bho
(4.28)
C th xy ra cc trng hp sau:
o Nu > R , ly = R hay m = R tnh
(4.20) Mtd = R Rbb ho2 + RscAs (ho - a)
o Nu < 2a/ho (tc l x < 2a) th s dng cng thc (4.26) tnh Mtd.
o
2a'
< R , th t tra hoc tnh ra m ri tnh Mtd t cng thc (4.20)
ho
36
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Rs As Rsc A' s
2800( 22.81 3.08)
=
= 0.442
Rb bho
115 * 20 * 54.3
2a' 2 * 3
=
= 0.11< < R = 0.623
ho 54.3
bf
As
hf
Cnh trn
Sn
Cnh di
ho
hf
bf
As
As
Trong tnh ton tit din theo cng , phn cnh v sn trong min chu
ko khng xt tham gia chu lc bi v btng trong min chu ko trc khi n ph
hoi xut hin khe nt ri. V vy tit din ch I ca kt cu trong tnh ton xem nh
tit din ch T c cnh nm trong min chu nn. Tit din ch T c cnh nm trong
min chu nn, tit kim vt liu hn so vi dng tit din ch nht, v cnh lm tng
thm din tch chu nn ca btng.
37
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Trong thc t thng gp cc dng tit din hnh hp rng (hnh 4.12.a) hoc
dm lm vic chung vi sn (hnh 4.12.b), khi tnh ton ta i thnh dm ch T tng
ng.
bf
bf
a).
hf
hf
h
Sc
Sc
hf
hf
b1
b = 3b 1
bf
b).
Sn
hf
b
B
Dm
B
Cnh T theo chiu rng lm vic khng u nhau, khi Sc cng ln, th n
giai on no cnh v sn khng m bo cng chung lm vic vi nhau do mt n
nh cc b ca cnh hoc do cnh b vng qu ln. Do xt trong tnh ton quy
phm qui nh c th chiu rng cnh Sc nh sau:
o i vi dm T c lp:
Vi Sc l vn ca bn cnh (hnh 4.12.a) bf = 2Sc + b
1
S c .L (L l chiu di nhp dm ang xt)
6
1
S c .L .
6
38
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Sc
bf
hf
bf
hf
a).
Sc
Sc
Sc
b
Hnh 4.13
x=hf
bf
Rb
Rb bf hf
M
zb
h0 h
As
RsAs
a
T hnh 4.14 ta c:
/ As
= 0 M = Mf = Rb Ab Zb.
Mf = Rb bf hf (ho - 0,5hf )
(4.29)
39
Bi ging: BTNG C S
b).
Rb
c).
Rb
RbAbc
RbAbs
MS
bf
hf
h0
Abc
Abs
h0
MC
RsAs
RsAs
As
a
b
Hnh 4.15 S tnh trng hp TTH qua sn
d dng tnh ton ta tch vng nn thnh 2 vng: vng sn c din tch Abs,
vng cnh c din tch Abc (hnh 4.15.c), vi Abs = bx; Abc= (bf - b).hf.
Ta lp phng trnh cn bng cho c 2 trng hp trn (hnh IV.15.a,b), ta c:
/ As
X =0
(4.30)
(4.31)
(4.32)
(4.31)
RsAs = Rb b ho + Rb(bf - b) hf
(4.33)
Vi m v ging nh trn.
Hai cng thc (4.32) v (4.33) l 2 cng thc c bn tnh ton cu kin chu un
tit din ch T t ct n.
iu kin hn ch: R hay m R .
b). Cc dng bi ton:
i). Bi ton thit k: Bit M As
Chn vt liu, chn tit din nh bi ton tit din ch nht.
Kim tra vn cnh Sc nh mc 4.3.2.1.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un
40
Bi ging: BTNG C S
(4.34)
2
0
Rb .b.h
Rb
. .b.h0 (b 'f b).h 'f
Rs
(4.35)
M
21,88.10 5
=
= 0.066 < R= 0.429 tho K ct n
Rb b' f ho2 115 *120 * 49 2
Rb b' f ho
Rs
41
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Rs As Rb (b /f b ) h /f
Rb bho
Rs As
2800 * 14.51
=
= 0.128 < R = 0.623
Rb b' f ho 115 * 80 * 34.5
42
Bi ging: BTNG C S
>
Rb .b.h02
/ As
= 0 Mf = Rb bf hf (h o - 0,5hf ) + RscAs(ho-a)
(4.36)
Cc cng thc tnh ton c bn cho trng hp TTH qua sn, cn trng
hp TTH qua cnh tnh nh tit din ch nht t ct kp vi b = bf .
(4.37)
(4.38)
b)
a)
43
Bi ging: BTNG C S
44
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Hnh 4.17
Biu din ng ng ng sut
nn, ko trong dm chu un,
vng c vt nt nghing c
khoang trn
(4.40)
Es
,
Eb
(4.41)
As
(hm lng ct thp ai)
bs
45
Bi ging: BTNG C S
kc
Q
2,5Rbt
bh0
(4.42)
(4.43a)
(4.44)
(4.45)
Vi: C Cmax = 2h o.
(4.45a)
b3 l h s ly bng 0,6 i vi btng nng v bng 0,5 i vi btng
ht nh.
b4 l h s ly bng 1,5 i vi btng nng v bng 1,2 i vi btng
ht nh.
n l h s xt n nh hng ca lc dc trc (tham kho thm).
b4
lun 2; nn iu
b3
Qb
zs,inc2
Nb + RscAs
M
RswAs,inc1
zs
RswAs,inc2
RsAs
zsw
Hnh 4.18
S tnh ton cng trn tit din nghing
zsw 3
zsw
C
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un
46
Bi ging: BTNG C S
(4.46)
b 2 (1 f n ) Rbt bh02
C
(4.47)
(4.48)
(b 'f b) h 'f
bho
0,5
(4.49)
47
Bi ging: BTNG C S
(4.50)
b2
ho
b3
(4.51)
b2
(1 f n )ho
2,5
(4.52)
(4.53)
R
vi
sw
qsw =
Asw =
Rsw Asw
.C = qsw.C
s
(4.54)
Rsw Asw
s
(4.55)
b 2 (1 f n ) Rbt bh02
+ qsw.C
C
(4.56)
Theo (4.56) khi chiu di C tng ln th Qb gim v Qsw tng v kh nng chu
ct ca cu kin c mt gi tr cc tiu ng vi mt gi tr C no c gi l tit
din nghing nguy him nht Co. tm gi tr Co ch cn trit tiu o hm Qu i vi
bin s C, ta c:
b 2 (1 f n ) Rbt bh02
dQu
0 dC
C2
t :
+ qsw = 0
Mb
+ q sw = 0 Co =
Co2
(4.56a)
(4.57)
Mb
q sw
(4.58)
48
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Q 2 M b q sw = 2 M b
stt1
Rsw Asw
s
(4.59)
4M b Rsw Asw
Q2
(4.59a)
ng thi trn tit din nghing nguy him nht ly Co= 2ho, ct ai phi chu
c lc ct khng t hn kh nng chu ct ti thiu ca btng trnh ph hoi gin:
qsw.Co Qbmin qsw
(1 f n ) Rbt bh0
Qb min
Q
= b min = b 3
Co
2 ho
2 ho
(1 f n ) Rbt b
Rsw Asw
b3
s
2
Hay:
stt2
2.Rsw Asw
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b
(4.60)
h
2
h
v sct 30cm
3
v sct 15cm
49
Bi ging: BTNG C S
b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bho2
Q
(4.61)
50
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Tnh Smax =
b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bho2
;
Q
vi : Lp bo v ct ai ly bng 2cm
ho = 53cm
b4 l h s ly bng 1,5 i btng nng
n l h s xt n nh hng ca lc dc trc (bi ny n=0)
Smax =
1.5 * 1 * 9 * 20 * 53 2
= 43.3cm
17500
Tnh Stt1 =
4 M b Rsw Asw
Q2
2.Rsw Asw
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b
2 * 1750 * 0.566
= 18,3cm
0.6 * 9 * 20
h
= 18.3cm v 30cm.
3
Khong cch b tr l :
Min (Smax, Stt1; Stt2, Sct) = 13.08cm c th ly chn l 10cm.
Kim tra iu kin chu nn: Q 0,31b1Rbbho
Vi :
1 = 1 + 5 1,3
trong : =
Es
21.10 4
=
= 7.78
Eb 27 * 10 3
As
0.566
=
= 0.00283
bs
20 * 10
51
Bi ging: BTNG C S
1 = 1 + 5*7.78*0.00283 = 1.11
b1= 1 - Rb
= 0,01 i vi btng nng
Rb = 11.5 MPa.
b1= 1 0.01*11.5 = 0.885
0,31b1Rbbh o=0.3*1.11*0.885*115*20*53= 35.924 kgf > Q=17.500kgf
Tho iu kin chu nn
Kt lun: b tr ct ai 6, 2 nhnh, khong cch a=10cm cho on 1/4 2 u
dm, on 1/2 gia dm b tr 6a200.
4.4.4.2. Tnh ton ct xin :
Nhng on dm c lc ngang ln (Q > Qu), ngi ta t thm ct xin
tng kh nng chu lc ca tit din nghing. Ct xin thng l nhng on ca ct
dc c un xin ln sut chiu cao dm. Gc nghing thng l 45o khi dm c
chiu cao h 800 m.m; = 60 o khi dm c chiu cao h > 800m.m, cn trong bn = 30 o.
5cm
sinc1 smax
I/
II
a
h
I/
C1 II
sinc2
C2
C3
X
Biu lc ct ca
na dm chu lc
phn b
Qinc
Qinc2
Q1
Q2
Q3
Qu
L/2
Hnh 4.19. V tr cc tit din nghing dng khi tnh ton cu
kin c ct xin
52
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Xem hnh 4.19 ta thy tit din nghing nguy him nht c th l I-I, I-I
hoc II-II, trong tit din nghing I-I i qua 2 lp ct xin; Ta cha bit tit din
nghing nguy him nht l tit din no, nhng trong tnh ton an ton qui phm cho
php xem tit din nghing nguy him nht ch i qua 1 lp ct xin, tc l khi tnh lp
ct xin no th ch xt tit din nghing qua lp ct xin thi. C th nh trong hnh
IV.19 th khi tnh lp ct xin th nht (k t gi) th ta ch xt tit din nghing I-I c
hnh chiu l C1, cn khi tnh lp ct xin th hai th ta xt tit din nghing II-II c
hnh chiu l C3.
iu kin cng ca tit din nghing c dng:
Qi Qu R sw As ,inc sin
Xt trn tit din nghing I-I ta c:
Q1= Qu + RswAs,inc1 sin As ,inc1
Q1 Qu
Qinc1
Q2 Qu
Qinc 2
Qi Qu
Qinci
(4.62)
L/2
Q1
Q1
h a a'
, nu =45 o th
tg
sinc1= h - a - a.
B tr lp ct xin th 2 vi iu kin : im u lp ct xin
th 2 cch im cui lp ct xin th nht 1 on smax
sinc2
Ta tip tc b tr cc lp ct xin n khi no to ca chn
lp ct xin cui cng X, tc l :
5cm + sinc1 + smax + sinc1 + ... + sinc1 X.
o Tnh din tch yu cu ca cc lp ct xin theo cng thc (4.62).
o B tr ct xin bng cch dng ct dc un ln, lng ct dc un ln
trong tng lp phi As,inc.
Chng 4. Tnh ton cu kin chu un
53
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Biu lc ct (T)
Trc ht ta thy moment ln nht gia nhp 5m l 21.78T.m, gn bng vi
moment VD4.1, vy ta cng chn tit din dm l 20x55cm, th ta s c ct
dc nh sau:
o Vi momnet 21.78 T.m tnh c As= 21.75 cm 2, chn thp nh VD4.1
(622).
o Vi moment 9.56T.m, ta tnh c As= 7.71 cm2, c th b tr thp 222
+ 214 (As= 10.68cm 2) .
i vi lc ct, trong VD 4.7 ta cng bit tit din dm chu nn, lng ct
ai b tr phi Sct v Stt2, vy ta c th chn ct ai 6a100 b tr cho ton
dm, lng ct ai ny chc chn khng chu lc ct max l 21.16T (nh tnh
ton trong VD4.7), vy trong trng hp ny ta chn gii php tnh ct xin cho
dm chu ct (thay v c th tng ct ai).
Ta tnh c : qsw =
54
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Xc nh on X cn b tr ct xin:
Xt 2 tam gic ng dng ABC v CDE, ta c :
X
23.16 20.01
=
2.72
23.16
X = 0.37m = 370mm
B tr ct xin trong on X theo yu cu nh trong hnh 4.19, gc nghing ca
ct xin l 45o, n gin cho tnh ton v an ton ta xem lc ct max l ti
mp gi, sau khi b tr ta nhn thy v tr chn ca ct xin cch mp gi mt
on l 50 + 392 = 442mm > X = 370mm, vy ta ch cn b tr 1 lp ct xin l
chu phn lc ct cn li, tip theo ta ch vic tnh din tch ct xin yu cu
chu ct, tnh ton nh sau:
As ,inc
Q Qu
Rsw sin
23..160 20.010
2250 *
2
2
= 1.98cm2.
55
Bi ging: BTNG C S
56
Bi ging: BTNG C S
57
Bi ging: BTNG C S
0
W
As
As1
0
M1
M0
Q1
Q0
MA
Mgi
Hnh 4.20. Ct ct
dc chu ko ngoi
phm vi gi ta
QA
(4.63)
C2
MA M0
2
M A Mo
Qo
(C W )
M A M o Qo (C W ) q sw
q sw 2
C C
2Q0
C2
2
(4.64)
58
Bi ging: BTNG C S
q sw
C
2Q0
q C
Q
d q sw C 2
C 0 sw 1 0 C 0
dC 2Q0
Q0
q sw
Thay C vo (4.64) W
Q0
2q sw
0,8Q0
5d
2q sw
(4.65)
trong : d : ng knh ct b ct
q sw
Rsw Asw
s
vi
0,8(Q0 Qinc )
5d
2q sw
(As,inc l t As un ln)
59
Bi ging: BTNG C S
z1
2
(z1 + x)
2
2 z1 - z1 x
0,4142 z1 x
an ton v d dng trong tnh ton ta ly x h o/2
1
x ho/2
2
z1
RsAs
As,inc
2
zinc1
zinc
Biu bao ca vt liu
chu moment un
Biu moment
60
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Rs As
2800 * 22.81
= 0.563 < R= 0.623 Tho
Rb bho
115 * 20 * 49.3
Rs As
2800 * 11.40
Tnh on ko di ca thp b ct :
W
0,8Q0
5d
2q sw
61
Bi ging: BTNG C S
0,8Q0
0.8 * 8750
5 * 2.2 = 64 cm > 20d = 20*2.2 = 44 cm
5d =
2 * 66
2q sw
62
Bi ging: BTNG C S
m = (1 0,5)
RsAs= Rbbho;
= (1- 0,5)
Vi
M= RsAsh o;
= 1- 1 2 m ), = 0,5(1+ 1 2 m )
o Bi ton t ct kp:
M = m Rbb ho2 + RscAs (ho - a)
RsAs= Rbbho + RscAs
Lu bi ton thit k:
Bit: M; b, h; Rb; Rs; Rsc . Tnh As v As ?
Tnh ct n, tra
bng tm hoc
R bh
As = b o hoc
m R
Rs
M
As=
Rs ho
Rb bho
Rs
M
Rb bho2
Rsc
A' s
Rs
Ly
A/s
Tra bng tm
minbho
mR
Ly m = R
M R R R bho2
A' s
Rsc ( ho a ' )
m>R
A/s minbho
2a/ho
< 2a/ho
As
Ly x=2a
As =
R m0,5
B tr thp, k.tra
Tnh As
Tnh m =
Rb bho
Rs
R
sc A' s
Rs
Tnh
R Rb bho Rsc
As
A' s
Rs
Rs
M
R s ( ho a ' )
R Rb
*100%
Rs
63
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Tnh att ho
Tra bng ra m
Mtd = mRbb ho2
Tnh
> R
Rs As
Rb bho
Ly m = R
Mtd = RRbb ho2
m = (1 0,5)
RsAs = Rb b ho + Rb(bf - b) hf ;
iu kin hn ch: m R ; R
Lu bi ton thit k:
Bit: M; b, h; b f,hf; Rb; Rs. Tnh As?
Tnh
M Mf
Kim tra ;
B tr thp
k.tra att; to.
M > Mf
h'
M Rb .(b 'f b ).h 'f . h0 ' f
m
2
Rb .b.h0
m R
m > R
Bi ton
ct kp .
64
Bi ging: BTNG C S
Tnh nh tit
din ch nht
bfx h.
Kim tra
RsAs > Rb bf hf TTH qua sn (1)
RsAs Rb bf hf TTH qua cnh (2)
(2)
(1)
Tnh tit din ch T.
R
R s As Rb (b /f b) h /f
> R
Rb bho
Ly mR
Cc thng s:
1 = 1 + 5 1,3;
b1= 1 - Rb;
Es
,
Eb
As
bs
65
Bi ging: BTNG C S
2
o
b 4 (1 n ) Rbt bh
Q max
4 M b R sw Asw
stt1 =
2
Q max
2.R sw Asw
stt2 =
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b
smax =
Tnh li ct dc, ai
Tnh:
Bi ton thit k:
Chn trc thp ai : sw, s
nhnh ai n Asw
Tnh:
stt2 =
2.R sw Asw
b 3 (1 f n ) Rbt b
Tho
Khng tho
Tnh: qsw =
Kim tra iu kin chu nn: Khng
0,31b1Rbbho Qmax
tho
R sw Asw
s
Tho
B tr ct ai vi s = sbt
Khng
tho
As,inci
B tr ct ai vi s = sbt
Qi Qu
Qinci
66