Cc nh dng gi tin IPv6 bao gm a ch phn cp IPv6 v cc tiu cho php cc b nh tuyn c

hiu qu x l cc gi tin. a ch ny ln cho php p ng s pht trin mnh m ca Internet nh

hin ti v cung cp nhiu lp ca h thng phn cp.
Mt vi trng header c loi b. Loi b cc trng option v yu cu tt c cc router x l
trng option gip cho vic x l gi tin hiu qu hn. IPv6 di chuyn vic x l tu chn n phn
header m rng n c x l ch bi node cn thng tin.
1.

Biu

1.1.

din

Biu

din

ch

ca

IPv6

ch

a ch IPv6 di 128 bit, c chia lm 8 nhm, mi nhm gm 16 bit, c ngn cch vi nhau bng
du

hai

chm

:.

Mi

nhm

biu

din

bng

hexa.

d: FEDC:BA98:768A:0C98:FEBA:CB87:7678:1111

1080:0000:0000:0070:0000:0989:CB45:345F
Nhng a ch ny ln, kh nng cung cp a ch cho nhiu node v cung cp cu trc phn cp linh
hot, nhng n khng d vit ra. V vy cn c 1 s nguyn tc nhm rt ngn li cch biu din
a

ch

IPv6.

Sau

Cho

php

Thay

bng

y
cc
s

cc

quy

tc

nm

cho

trc

nhm

rt

mi
c

gn

IPv6:

nhm
ton

(octet).
s

0.

Thay bng du :: cho cc nhm lin tip nhau c ton s 0.

V

Cho

mt

nn

ch:

ch

IPv6:

1080:0000:0000:0070:0000:0989:CB45:345F

Da theo cc quy tc nu trn, c th nn a ch IP trn nh sau: 1080::70:0:989:CB45:345F hoc

1080:0:0:70::989: CB45:345F
Ch : Du :: ch s dng c 1 ln trong ton b a ch IPv6 (nhiu du :: c th gy ra s nhm
ln hoc khng th bit ng v tr ca cc octet trong a ch IPv6).
1.2.

Biu

din

ca

Address

Prefixes

Prefix ca a ch IPv6 c biu din tng t vi k hiu IPv4 CIDR. IPv6 prefix c biu din nh
sau: IPv6-address/

prefix-length

Trong

IPv6-address l bt k a ch c gi tr, Prefix-length l s bit lin k nhau c bao gm trong prefix.

V

d: Sau

quy

tc

biu

din

cho

56

bit

prefix

200F00000000AB:

200F::AB00:0:0:0:0/56
200F:0:0:AB00::/56
Ch vi a ch IPv6, k hiu :: c s dng 1 ln duy nht trong mi s biu din.
Theo

sau

cc

cch

biu

din

sai

ca

56

bit

prefix:

200F:0:0:AB/56
200F::AB00/56
200F::AB/56
Cch biu din u tin l khng hp l bi v cc s 0 theo sau trong vng mt trng 16-bit (AB00) b
mt, v a ch khng chiu di hp l. a ch IPv6 trn bn tri ca du gch cho / phi l mt a
ch IPv6 c chiu di y hoc c nn hp l. Cch biu din th hai v th ba l a ch IPv6
c

nn

hp

nhng

khng

gin

200F:0000:0000:AB00:0000:0000:0000:0000

ra

thnh

ch

chnh
gin

xc.

Thay

thnh

200F:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:AB00 v 200F:0000: 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:00AB, tng

ng.
2.

Phn

loi

ch

IPv6

Mt a ch IPv6 c th c phn thnh 1 trong 3 loi:

Unicast

Mt a ch unicast c nh ngha duy nht trn mt cng ca mt node IPv6. Mt gi tin c gi n

mt a ch unicast c a n cng c nh ngha bi a ch .

Multicast

Mt a ch multicast nh ngha mt nhm cc cng IPv6. Mt gi tin gi n a ch multicast c x l

bi tt c nhng thnh vin ca nhm multicast.

Anycast

Mt a ch anycast c ng k cho nhiu cng (trn nhiu node). Mt gi tin c gi n mt a ch

anycast l c chuyn n ch mt trong s cc cng ny, thng l gn nht.