Tai Lieu Mon Giai Tich Mach Tren May Tinh

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.
H CH MINH
KHOA IN IN T
B MN IN T CNG NGHIP
---oOo---
Ti liu phc v mn hc:
GII TCH MCH TRN MY TNH

GV: TRNG NGC ANH
TP. H CH MINH
Thng 06/2012
GII TCH MCH TRN MY TNH

GV: Trng Ngc Anh
anhtnspkt@gmail.com
* NI DUNG:
- Gii tch mch: Tnh ton thng s, phn tch nguyn l
cc mch in t trong mn hc lin quan (Mch in 1,2; in t
c bn 1,2; K thut s; Vi x l 1) Mch Tng t, mch s,

Mch S + iu khin bng chng trnh (Vi iu khin).
- Trn my tnh: S dng cc phn mm c sn tnh ton
v phn tch mch h tr cho vic thit k.

Phn mm:
1.
ORCAD PSPICE (9.2) Tng t, s
2.
PROTEUS ISIS (7.4 SP3) hoc (7.6 SP4)

Tng t, S, Vi iu khin
* MC CH:
V S NGUYN L (V t s nguyn l c sn
do ta thit k s b).
PHN TCH MCH Quan st c kt qu Hiu

chnh thit k theo yu cu.
* THI:
- Thi vit Trnh by cc thao tc thc hin trn my, nhp
cc thng s cn thit phn tch, cc loi linh kin, cng c
thng s dng trong phn tch mch.
- Thi trn my tnh: V chi tit v y thng tin theo
mch nguyn l cho sn v phn tch mch theo yu cu.
- Thi gian: 60ph
giay - tren may tinh - 30 - 40 phut
- Khng c s dng ti liu.
GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .
Trang 2
PHN 1: ORCAD PSPICE

SPICE l 1 mch m phng tng t hoc hn hp gia tng t v s
(Analog or Mixed A/D), c dng kim tra vic thit k mch & d on nguyn
l hot ng ca mch. l 1 phn c bit quan trng trong mch tch hp (IC).
ng Berkeley l ngi nghin cu ra SPICE u tin ti phng th nghim trng
i hc ca California. V vy m n c tn l Simulation Program for Integrated
Circuits Emphasis.
SPICE c th thc hin nhng mch phn tch khc nhau, y l nhng mch
quan trng nht:
Phn tch mch DC khng tuyn tnh: phn tch ng cong dch chuyn
DC.
Phn tch chui Fourier & in p phi tuyn: tnh ton in p & dng
in theo thi gian. Khi 1 tn hiu rng c s dng, phn tch chui
Fourier s cho bit dy quang ph ca tn s.
Phn tch ng tuyn tnh AC: phn tch ng ra theo chc nng ca
tn s (bin tn, pha tn). Thit lp biu bode.
Phn tch nhiu.
Phn tch nhy.
Phn tch bin dng.
Phn tch Fourier: tnh ton v v biu ph ca tn s.
Phn tch Monte Carlo.
Thm vo PSpice c nhng th vin tng t v s ca nhng linh kin
tiu chun (nh l NAND, NOR, flip-flops, MUXes, FPGA, PLDs, v cn nhiu linh kin
s khc na). y l 1 cng c hu ch cho vic m rng ng dng s & tng t.
Tt c s phn tch ny c th c thc hin nhng nhit khc nhau.
Nhit mc nh 27oC.
Mch in c th bao gm nhng linh kin sau :
Ngun dng v ngun p c lp & ph thuc

in tr
T in
Cun cm
Cun cm ng tng h (h cm)
ng truyn tn hiu
Khuch i thut ton
Cng tc
Diode
Transistor lng cc
Transistor MOS
JFET
MOSFET
Cng s
V nhng linh kin khc
Trang 3
BI 1:
V S NGUYN L
C H TR PHN TCH (PSPICE)
1. V S NGUYN L:
- Yu cu: V mch in sau v tnh ton cc gi tr dng i qua cc nhnh
v in p ti cc nt.
R1
1k
R2
R3
R4
220
330
R8
2K
3.5K
R5
100
R6
R7
680
5K
V1
12Vdc
Hnh 1.1: Mch in trong thc t.

* Trnh t cc thao tc:
Bc 1: To file s nguyn l c h tr phn tch (PSPICE).
1. File New Project
Hnh 1.2
Trang 4
2. Nhp tn file (<255 k t), chn ch c h tr phn tch (Analog or

Mixed A/D), nhp ng dn ni lu file.
Hnh 1.3
3. Chn Create a blank project (To mt d n thit k mi hon ton)
OK.
Hnh 1.4
Bc 2: Ly linh kin c h tr phn tch (chn cc th vin trong th mc
PSPICE).
* Mt s th vin c bn: (V d trong mch in tr c 2 linh kin: in

tr v ngun in mt chiu)
ANALOG: R, C, L
SOURCE: (NGUN TN HIU)

a. VDC: Ngun 1 chiu.
b. VSIN: Ngun tn hiu sin.
Trang 5
c. VAC: Ngun xoay chiu.

* Qui trnh:
1. Chn
Menu Place Part
Hoc
Phm tt: P hay Shift + P
Hoc
Biu tng (shortcut):
Hnh 1.5
2. Chn Add Library (thm th vin) Chn th vin Anlalog Nhp R
vo mc Part chn linh kin.
Hnh 1.6
Trang 6
Bc 3: Sp xp linh kin.
- Sp xp linh kin ngay khi ly linh kin.
Hoc - Di chuyn (Drag & Grop Ko v th).
Cng c l: Select - Xoay Rotate : Phm tt R hoc nhp phi chut Chn Rotate.
Bc 4: Ni dy.
- Cng c Wire W
Bc 5: t thng s cho linh kin.

* Mt s nguyn tc ghi gi tr:
- k,K:
kilo
(E3)
- m,M:
mili
(E-3)
- Meg:
Mega
(E6)
- u:
micro -
(E-6)
- G:
Giga
(E9)
- p:
pico
(E-9)
- T:
Tera
(E12)
- n:
nano
(E-12)
- f:
femto
(E-15)
- ng vi tng linh kin th ta c n v chun m khng cn ghi ra.

VD:
R (-ohm)
100
100 ohm
C (F Farad)
10u
10uF
VD: 1 t in c gi tr 225 picofarad c biu din:

225P, 225p, 225pF, 225pFarad, 225E-12, 0.225N
- Nguyn tc c bn: Cn g th chn .
Trang 7
Bc 6: Phn tch.
Hnh 1.7 Thanh cng c phn tch mch.

* Qui trnh:
1. To ch phn tch mi. Chn biu tng :
New Simulation Profile
2. t tn phn tch ty . VD: Tinh dong ap Chn Create.
Hnh 1.8
Trang 8
3. Chn ch phn tch: BIAS POINT (Tnh ton tt c thng s

dng v p trong mch).
Hnh 1.9
4. Chy phn tch Chn Run PSPICE
5. Quan st kt qu phn tch.

- Ch BIAS POINT Xem kt qu trang v s nguyn l.
Trang 9
2. CCH NHN DNG LI KHNG NI DY HOC THIU GND:
Hnh 1.11 Thng bo li khi phn tch.

- nhn bit c li ta quan st trong trang thng tin li.
Hnh 1.12 Thng tin li chi tit.

Trang 10
- Ta phn tch 2 dng lnh sau:
Trong :
R
: Loi linh kin.
: Du cch (loi linh kin v tn linh kin).
R1, R2
: Tn linh kin.
N00215, N00249
1k, 2K
: L im ni ca 2 chn ca in tr
do phn mm t gn s.
: Gi tr ca linh kin.
* Nhn xt: Theo cch ghi nh trn ta thy 2 linh kin c cng s th t
chn nn 2 linh kin ny s c ni song song vi nhau. y chnh l nguyn tc
m phn mm hiu c nguyn l ca mch thng qua dng lnh.
Nh vy: Vi thng tin li (ERROR Node N00215 is floating) ngha l b
li ti 1 chn ca in tr R1 hoc R2.
Kt lun: Trong trng hp ny ta quan st trong mch nguyn l nu

khng b li cha ni dy th y chnh l trng hp mch thiu GND. V PSPICE
cho rng ngun VDC ch c dng ngun v m ngun khng c GND nn h mch.
3. VN GND TRONG MCH:
TRONG BT C MCH IN
PHN TCH NO TH CHNG
TRNH PSPICE LUN YU CU
PHI C MASS (GND) CA TN
HIU.
- Chn menu Place
Ground (phm tt G)
Hoc
- Chn biu tng
0/SOURCE.
Hnh 1.13
Trang 11
R1
1k
R2
R3
R4
220
330
R8
2K
3.5K
R5
100
R6
R7
680
5K
V1
12Vdc
Hnh 1.14 Mch sau khi thm GND.
R1
1.696mA
1k
R3
R4
220
R2
330
2.544mA
848.1uA
2K
2.544mA
9.744V
2.544mA
R8
10.30V
3.5K
R5
120.0mA
100
R6
17.65mA
680
R7
12.00V
5K
2.400mA
V1
142.6mA
12Vdc
Hnh 1.15 Kt qu sau khi phn tch Bias Point (hin th in p v dng)
Trang 12
4. MT S TH VIN THNG DNG:
ANALOG: cha nhng linh kin th ng (R,L,C), h cm , dy dn
SOURE: cung cp nhng ngun dng v ngun p khc nhau nh:
SOURCSTM: cung cp nhng ngun tn hiu cho phn tch s.
EVAL: cung cp diode (D), transistors lng cc (Q), MOS
in sng, ngun dng v ngun p ph thuc (in p ph thuc

ngun p E, dng in ph thuc ngun dng F , in p ph thuc
ngun dng G v dng in ph thuc ngun p H).
Vdc, Idc, Vac, Iac, Vsin, Vexp, pulse, piecewise linear v.v c lt
qua th vin thy nhng gi tr thch hp.
transistors, JFETs(J.) opamp thc t nh 4741, cng tc (SWtClose, SW-tOpen), nhng cng s & nhng linh kin khc nhau.
ABM: cha nhng php ton ng dng nh l: php nhn

(MULT), php tng (SUM), cn bc hai (SWRT), Laplace (LAPLACE),
arctan (ARCTAN), v nhiu hn na.
SPECIAL: cha nhng linh kin trng thi khc nhau nh PARAM,
NODESET, v.v
5. CC PHM TT THNG S DNG KHI V MT S NGUYN L:

Phm R,H,V: xoay linh kin.
Phm I : Phng to bn v.
Phm O: Thu nh bn v.
Phm T: Bin son vn bn.
Phm Ctrl + Z: B qua lnh va thc hin.
Phm Delete: Xa.
Trang 13
BI 2:
PHN TCH MCH
1. CC CH PHN TCH MCH C BN:
BIAS POINT: Tnh ton tt c thng s cc mc p DC ti cc nt v dng

in chy qua cc nhnh. Dng xc nh iu kin phn cc DC ca mt mch
in.
DC Sweep: Thay i hng lot cc gi tr (dng, p, gi tr linh kin, nhit ,

thng s linh kin) v o cc gi tr dng DC (dng, p, cng sut,). Dng
phn tch cc c tnh ca cc linh kin in t, nh v cc ng cong c
tnh ca Diode, Transistor, SCR, Triac (Volt-Ampere, Vo-Ra,).
AC Sweep/Noise: Thay i hng lot gi tr tn s v o cc gi tr chu s

nh hng ca tn s (p bin tn, gc lch pha pha tn, dng, ). Dng
phn tch cc tn hiu trn mch in theo bin tn s v gc pha (trc X ly
theo bin tn s).
Time Domain (Transient): Phn tch mch theo thi gian xc nh (o dng
sng ca tn hiu, qu trnh qu ). Dng phn tch cc mc p trn cc
im ca mch in ly theo bin thi gian (trc X ly theo bin thi gian).
Phn tch ny c cng dng nh dng mt my hin sng (dao ng k).
2. PHN TCH MCH KHUCH I:

2.1. V mch nguyn l:
V2
12Vdc
R1
R3
22k
5.6k
C2
C1
Q1
Q2
10uF
R6
10uF
Q2SC1815
R5
5K
Q2SC1815
V1
VOFF = 0V
VAMPL = 10mV
FREQ = 1kHz
56k
C3
R2
R4
1k
220uF
1.2k
Hnh 2.1 Mch khuch i ghp trc tip.
Trang 14
- Cc bc thc hin v mch tng t nh bi 1.

- Nhng linh kin mi trong mch:
- T in:
Analog.
- T in c cc tnh:
C_elect
Analog.
- Ngun sin:
VSIN
Source.
- Transistor:
Q2SC1815 Jbipolar.
- Tm kim th vin v linh kin:

- Chn Place Part chn
Part Search.
- Trng hp 1: Nu bit tn
linh kin chnh xc nhng khng nh th
vin.
+ Nhp tn linh kin
Chn Begin Search Xem kt qu.
Tn chnh
Q2SC1815.
VD: Transistor 2SC1815

xc theo phn mm
Hnh 2.2
- Trng hp 2: Nu khng bit
tn linh kin chnh xc theo phn mm.
+ Nhp tn linh kin v
phi hp vi du * thay th nhng
k t khng nh.
VD: Transistor 2SC1815.
Tn thng s dng l: C1815.
+ Lc tm ta thm du *:
*C1815: Tm tt c
linh kin c cha chui k t C1815 pha
sau cng.
*C1815*: Tm tt
c linh kin c cha chui k t
C1815 gia.
Hnh 2.3
Trang 15
2.2. Phn tch BIAS POINT:

* Yu cu: Phn cc cho transistor sao cho mch lm vic ch khuch i.
- Nhn xt: Transistor phi c phn cc ch khuch i. Nh vy,
khi phn cc ta phi tha mn iu kin sau:
- mi ni B-E phn cc thun
VB > V E
- ni B-C phn cc nghch
VB < V C
Nh vy,
VE < VB < VC
tha mn c biu thc trn ta o in p ti 3 chn E, C, B ca 2

transistor Q1 v Q2 (6 im in p).
Chn phn tch BIAS POINT (tnh ton thng s dng, p, cng sut,
cho ton mch).
* Cc bc thc hin:
1. V hon chnh mch nguyn l. Trong trng hp phn tch Bias Point th
ta khng cn quan tm n t v t s b h mch i vi tn hiu DC. Nh
vy, t c hay khng trong mch khng nh hng n kt qu phn tch
gi nguyn mch nguyn l mc 2.1.
2. To v chn ch phn tch.
- New Simulation Profile
Nhp tn: Phn cc Create.
- Trong mc Analysis Type (kiu phn tch) Chn BIAS POINT

OK.
3. Nhp thng s phn tch: Khng cn nhp thm thng s no.
4. Xc nh im cn o: Khng cn xc nh v t ng tnh ton ton mch.

- Xem kt qu trang v s nguyn l.
ip p
Dng in
Cng sut
Trang 16
- C th di chuyn cc gi tr in p, dng in, hay cng sut qua v

tr khc d quan st.
V2
12.00V
12Vdc
R1
R3
22k
0V
5.6k
C2
2.053V
5.843V
Q1
C1
Q2
10uF
R6
10uF
Q2SC1815
R5
5K
Q2SC1815
0V
V1
VOFF = 0V
VAMPL = 10mV
FREQ = 1kHz
1.153V
447.8mV
56k
C3
R2
R4
1k
0V
0V
0V
220uF
1.2k
0V
Hnh 2.4 Kt qu in p ti cc nt.

V2
452.1uA
R1
1.099mA
R3
22k
5.6k
12Vdc
1.552mA
C2
C1
Q1
Q2
444.8uA
10uF
1.099mA
3.060uA
10uF
R6
7.394uA
Q2SC1815
-447.8uA R5
0A
V1
VOFF = 0V
VAMPL = 10mV
FREQ = 1kHz
0A
3.060uA
447.8uA
R2
56k
0
1.104mA
R4
1k
5K
Q2SC1815
-1.107mA
C3
220uF
1.2k
Hnh 2.5 Kt qu dng in ti cc nhnh.

* Nhn xt: in p ti cc chn E, C, B ca transistor Q1, Q2 tha mn
biu thc VE < VB < VC nn mch hot ng ch khuch i.
Trang 17
2.3. Phn tch DC SWEEP:

* Yu cu: Xc nh in p ngun cung cp no th mch bt u lm vic ch
khuch i.
- Nhn xt: gi tr no ca ngun cung cp tha mn biu thc VE < VB <

VC ca transistor Q1 v Q2 th mch bt u khuch i. V transistor bt u lm
vic ch khuch i mch khuch i.
Nh vy, ta phi thay i ngun cung cp v o cc gi tr in p ti 3 chn
E, C, B ca 2 transistor Q1 v Q2.
Theo kinh nghim, ta c th ch cn o 2 tn hiu V C v VB ca transitor Q2
(ng ra ca mch khuch i ghp trc tip ny).
Ngun cung cp VDC
VC (Q2)
VB (Q2)
0V
p1
m1
1V
p2
m2
2V
p3
m3
24V
pn
mn
- th biu din mi quan h ca ngun cung cp VDC v in p VC v VB ca Q2.
VC
VB
p3
p2
p1
0V
1V
2V
... 24V
VDC
Chn phn tch DC Sweep (thay i hng lot gi tr ngun cung cp

Sweep v o in p ti cc chn VC, VB).
* Cc bc thc hin:
1. V hon chnh mch nguyn l. Trong trng hp phn tch ny cng
tng t Bias Point nn ta khng cn quan tm n t v t s b h mch
i vi tn hiu DC.
Nhp tn: Ngun cung cp Create.
- Trong mc Analysis Type (kiu phn tch) Chn DC Sweep OK.
Trang 18
3. Nhp thng s phn tch:
Hnh 2.6
Trong :
Sweep Variable:
Bin (i tng) thay i gi tr
Voltage Source:
Tn hiu l ngun p
Current Source:
Tn hiu l ngun dng
Global parameter:
Tn hiu l gi tr linh kin
Model parameter:
Tn hiu l thng s ca linh kin
Temperature:
Tn hiu l nhit
Name:
Tn bin (i tng) cn thay i
Sweep Type:
Kiu thay i gi tr
Linear:
Tuyn tnh (c qui lut)
Logarithmic:
Logarit (biu din theo dng biu loga)
Value List:
Danh sch gi tr (khng cn qui lut)
Start Value:
Gi tr bt u phn tch
End Value:
Gi tr kt thc phn tch
Increment:
Bc tng theo quy lut (dng l tng, m l gim)
Trang 19
4. Xc nh im cn o:
- o in p VC v VB ca Q2 nn ta dng que o in p.
- t que o ngay chn linh kin c kt qu tng ng.

- Xem kt qu trang th.
15V
15V
5V
10V
10V
0V
5V
(6.1380,1.6841)
0V
0V
V(Q2:c)
5V
4V
V(Q2:b)
8V
12V
16V
20V
24V
V_V1
5V
Hnh 2.7
Trong :
0V
Trc X :
Ngun cung cp V_V2 (0V 24V)
Trc Y:
Gi tr in p ca VC v VB
* bit ng th no ca tn hiu no ta quan st gc tri di cng ca th.
0V
0V
0V
V(Q2:c)
V(Q2:c)
4V
V(Q2:b)
4V
8V
12V
V(Q2:b)
in
p chn C ca Q2 (c k hiu hnh vung)
8V
12V
V_V2 16V
in p chn B ca Q2 (c k hiu hnh thoi)
V_V2
* Nhn xt: Quan st trn th, in p trn 6,138V tr i mch bt u

khuch i v VC > VB.
Trang 20
7. Mt s cng c h tr trong th:

- Toggle
Cursor: Bt/Tt bng ta .
15V
10V
+ Ch quan tm dng s 1 khi quan st 1

im.
+ Quan st bng ta ti dng 1 theo nguyn tc ta

10V
5V
(x,y).
VD:
A1 (6.1257,1.6755)
Trong :
V2
= 6.1257 V (ngun cung cp)
VC = VB
= 1.6755V
+5V
Mun0V
xem gi tr trn th no ta chn vo k t i
din ca ng th .
0V
V(Q2:c)
4V
V(Q2:b)
8V
+0V
Mun xa ng th no ta chn vo tn ng th
ri nhn Delete.
0V
V(Q2:c)
4V
V(Q2:b)
8V
V_
- Mark Label: Hin th v tr ca ta .

+ C th di chuyn gi tr hin th theo nguyn tc ko & th.
+ C th xa bng cch chn (tt con tr - Toggle Cursor
trc khi xa) v Delete.
Trang 21
2.4. Phn tch AC SWEEP:

2.4.1 Bin tn:
* Yu cu: Xc nh vng tn s no th bin ng ra n nh v gc lch pha nh
nht.
- Nhn xt: Thay i tn s ng vo v o tn hiu ng ra (bin ), hoc

gc lch pha.
- Ta chn vng tn s kho st t 10 Hz 1 Mega Hz.
- Bin ng ra Gi tr in p o trn in tr ti.
- Chn ch phn tch l: AC Sweep.
* Cc bc thc hin:
1. V hon chnh mch nguyn l. Trong trng hp phn tch
ny ta dng ngun tn hiu VAC ngun vo tn hiu (tn
s thay i, bin khng i). Trong : VAC bin
ca tn hiu; VDC thnh phn DC ca tn hiu AC.
V2
12Vdc
R3
5.6k
R1
22k
C2
Ngo_Ra
C1
Q1
Q2
10uF
R6
10uF
5K
Q2SC1815
R5
Q2SC1815
V1
1Vac
0Vdc
56k
C3
R2
R4
1k
220uF
1.2k
Hnh 2.8
Nhp tn: Bin tn Create.
- Trong mc Analysis Type (kiu phn tch) Chn AC Sweep OK.

Trang 22
Hnh 2.9
Trong :
AC Sweep Type:
Kiu thay i gi tr
Linear:
Tuyn tnh (c qui lut)
Logarithmic:
Logarit (biu din theo dng biu loga)
Start Frequency:
Gi tr bt u phn tch
End Frequency:
Gi tr kt thc phn tch
Points/Decade:
S im ly mu/1 decade (khong chia)
4. Xc nh im cn o:
- o in p VRti (VR6) nn ta dng que o in p.
- t que o ngay chn linh kin hoc t tn cho ng dn.
- xc nh chnh xc tn ca tn hiu ta t tn cho ng tn hiu .
Cng c : Net Alias
ng dn cn t tn.
Nhp tn Nhp tri chut vo
Trang 23
Hnh 2.10

4.0V
(66.746,3.1489)
(8.8423K,3.1359)
(100.000K,2.6722)
3.0V
(78.453K,2.8263)
2.0V
1.0V
0V
10Hz
V(NGO_RA)
100Hz
1.0KHz
10KHz
100KHz
1.0MHz
Frequency
Hnh 2.11
Trong :
Trc X :
Tn s ngun tn hiu (10Hz 1 Mega Hz)
Trc Y:
Gi tr in p ng ra (bin ) trn Rti.
Trang 24
* Nhn xt:
- Trong vng tn s 66.746 Hz n 8.84233 KHz, bin ng ra gn nh
khng i (n nh).
- Ti tn s 100 KHz, bin ng ra suy gim 15% (3.14 V 100%, 2,67V
85%).
- Nu cho phm vi bin n nh 10% th ta c vng tn s mi c gii
hn trn l 78.453 kHz (3.14V 100%, 90% 2,826V a con tr n ti gi tr
ny bit c tn s).
2.4.2 Pha tn:
o gc lch pha tn hiu ng ra so vi tn hiu ng vo khi thay i tn s
xc nh vng tn s c gc lch pha nh nht theo yu cu.
* Cc bc thc hin:
- Tng t cc bc phn tch bin tn.
- Xc nh gi tr cn o (bc 4):
+ Trng hp 1: t que o gc pha. Chn menu Pspice Chn
Marker Advanced Phase of Voltage (VP).
Trang 25
Hnh 2.12
+ Trng hp 2: Thm tn hiu cn o trn trang th.
Hnh 2.13
Trang 26
2.4.3. Cc lu khi hin th nhiu ng th:

- hin th 2 ng th trn cng mt h trc c chung trc X v khc
trc Y. VD:
+ ng th bin tn: c trc X l tn s, trc Y l in p.
+ ng th pha tn: c trc X l tn s, trc Y l gc lch pha .
Nh vy, khi hin th ta cn tch ring trc Y cho tng ng th.
Thm trc Y: Menu Plot Add Y Axis.
Hnh 2.14
Thm ng th trn trc Y mi: Menu Trace Add Trace
Kt qu:
Hnh 2.15
Trang 27
2.5. PHN TCH TIME DOMAIN:

* Yu cu: o v hin th dng sng ng ra ca mch khuch i.
- Nhn xt: o dng sng ng ra ca mch khuch i l o VRti. (VR6).

Cp tn hiu sin ng vo v o dng sng tn hiu ng ra xc nh n nh
ca tn hiu.
- Chn ch phn tch l: Time Domain. (o dng sng)
* Cc bc thc hin:
1. V hon chnh mch nguyn l. Trong trng hp
phn tch ny ta dng ngun tn hiu VSIN
ngun vo tn hiu vo (tn s c nh, bin
thay i). Trong : VOFF thnh phn DC trong
tn hiu sin; VAMPL bin ca tn hiu; FREQ
tn s ca tn hiu.
V2
12Vdc
R3
5.6k
R1
22k
C2
Ngo_Ra
C1
Q1
Q2
10uF
R6
10uF
5K
Q2SC1815
R5
Q2SC1815
V1
VOFF = 0V
VAMPL = 10mV
FREQ = 1kHz
56k
C3
R2
R4
1k
220uF
1.2k
Hnh 2.16
Nhp tn: o dng sng Create.
- Trong mc Analysis Type (kiu phn tch) Chn Time Domain OK.
Trang 28
Hnh 2.16
Trong :
Run to Time:
Thi gian phn tch (Tphn tch)
VD: Tphn tch = 60003 ms : Tng thi gian phn tch l 60003 s.
Start saving data after: Thi gian bt u hin th tn hiu (Tcho php)
VD: Tcho php = 60s (60000ms) : Sau 60s th bt u hin th.
Maximum step size:
VD: Tmu
Thi gian ly mu (Tmu).
0.01ms : Sau mi 0.01ms th o 1 ln.
Ngha l trong 3ms ta o 300 ln (3ms/0.01ms = 300 mu)

* Nguyn tc:
TGphn tch = TGcho php + TGcn hin th
* Thi gian cn hin th tnh theo chu k ca tn hiu:
Chu k T = 1/ftn hiu (s)
VD: ftn hiu = 1kHz T = 1ms
Nh vy, hin th r rng trn mn hnh ta ch cn 3-5 chu k hnh sin
quan st 3-5 chu k T 3-5 ms.
Trang 29
4. Xc nh im cn o:
- o in p VRti (VR6) nn ta dng que o in p.
Hnh 2.16

Hnh 2.17
Trong :
Trc X :
Thi gian cn phn tch 4ms. (Ch hin th 3ms t 1-4ms)
Trc Y:
Bin ca tn hiu ng ra.
Trang 30
* Nhn xt:
- Tng t kt qu ca my hin sng (dao ng k) ta c th o c bin
nh nh ca tn hiu ng ra.
- ng thi, ta cng c th xc nh c tn s ca tn hiu qua vic xc
nh thi gian ca 1 chu k. (f = 1/T)
* Ghi ch:
- o bin nh-nh hay gi tr gia 2 im cn o, ta dng bng
ta xc nh.
1. Bt Toggle Cursor.
2. Di chuyn n im o u tin v nhn phm phi chut chn Quan
st dng s 2 trong bng ta .
3. Di chuyn n im th 2 quan st dng s 1 trong bng ta .
4. Quan st dng th 3.
Hnh 2.18 Bin nh nh dng s 3.
Hnh 2.19 Thi gian ca 1 chu k T - dng s 3.
Trang 31
2.5. O DNG SNG NG RA NG VI MT S GI TR CA IN TR

TI.
* Yu cu: o v hin th dng sng ng ra ca mch khuch i ng vi 2 gi tr
ca in tr ti Rti l 5k v 10k.
* Nhn xt: Chn ch phn tch Time Domain (o dng sng).

* Qui trnh: Tng t mc 2.5. Cn lu :
1.
Th gi tr linh kin bng 1 bin s. C dng: {tn bin}.
Hnh 2.20
2.
Khai bo thng s cho bin mi t. Menu Pspice Place

Optimizer Parameters Nhp chut tri ra mn hnh Nhp 2 ln
chut tri nhp thng s.
Hnh 2.21
Trang 32
3.
Chn ch phn tch v nhp thng s theo yu cu.
Hnh 2.22
* Trong :
- General Setting: Tng t mc 2.5 (Time Domain).
- Parametric Sweep:
+ Start Value: V 1 ng th ng vi gi tr ny.
+ Cng Start Value + Increment V 1 ng th theo gi tr sau khi cng.
+ Nu gi tr sau khi cng > End Value th dng li.
VD:
Start Value: 5k
End Value:
10k
Incement:
5k
4.
t u d (que o) vo im cn o.
5.
Thc hin phn tch.
6.
Quan st kt qu phn tch.
* Ch thch cho th: Menu Plot Label

5.0V
R_Tai = 5k
R_Tai = 10k
0V
-5.0V
0s
0.5ms
V(NGO_RA)
1.0ms
1.5ms
2.0ms
2.5ms
3.0ms
3.5ms
4.0ms
Time
* xem thng tin ca ng th ta dng cch sau:

- Di chuyn n ng th v nhn chut phi Chn Information
Trang 33
PHN 2: PROTEUS ISIS

Phn mm Proteus l phn mm cho php m phng hot ng ca
mch in t bao gm phn thit k mch v vit chng trnh iu khin cho
cc h vi iu khin nh MCS-51, PIC, AVR, Proteus l phn mm m
phng mch in t ca Lancenter Electronics, m phng cho hu ht cc linh
kin in t thng dng, c bit h tr cho c cc MCU nh PIC, 8051, AVR,
Motorola.
Phn mm bao gm 2 chng trnh: ISIS cho php m phng mch v
ARES dng v mch in. Proteus l cng c m phng cho cc loi Vi iu
Khin kh tt, n h tr cc dng VK PIC, 8051, PIC, dsPIC, AVR, HC11,
MSP430, ARM7/LPC2000 cc giao tip I2C, SPI, CAN, USB, Ethenet,
ngai ra cn m phng cc mch s, mch tng t mt cch hiu qu.
Proteus l b cng c chuyn v m phng mch in t. Cc phn mm
(cng c) trong b l:
* ISIS Schematic Capture:
ISIS c nghin cu v pht trin trong hn 12 nm v c hn
12000 ngi dng trn khp th gii. Sc mnh ca n l c th
m phng hot ng ca cc h vi iu khin m khng cn thm
phn mm ph tr no. Sau , phn mm ISIS c th xut file
sang ARES hoc cc phn mm v mch in khc.
Trong lnh vc gio dc, ISIS c u im l hnh nh mch in
p, cho php ta ty chn ng nt, mu sc mch in, cng
nh
thit
k
theo
cc
mch
mu
(templates)
Nhng kh nng khc ca ISIS l:
o Chy trn nn Windows 98/Me/2k/XP/Win7.
o T ng sp xp ng mch v v im giao ng mch.
o Chn i tng v thit lp thng s cho i tng d dng.
o Xut file thng k linh kin cho mch.
o Xut ra file Netlist tng thch vi cc chng trnh lm
mch in thng dng.
o i vi ngi thit k mch chuyn nghip, ISIS tch hp
nhiu cng c gip cho vic qun l mch in ln, mch
in c th ln n hng ngn linh kin.
o Thit k theo cu trc (hierachical design).
o Kh nng t ng nh s linh kin.
Trang 34
* ARES PCB Layout:

ARES (Advanced Routing and Editing Software) l phn mm v mch in
PCB. N v mch da vo file nestlist cng cc cng c t ng khc.c
im chnh:
o C c s d liu 32 bit cho php chnh xc n 10nm,
phn gii gc 0.10 v kch thc board ln nht l +/- 10
mt. ARES h tr mch in 16 lp.
o Lm vic thng qua cc menu ng cnh tin li.
o File netlist t phn mm v mch nguyn l ISIS.
o T ng cp nht ngc ch s linh kin, s i chn, i
cng mch in sang mch nguyn l.
o Cng c kim tra li thit k.
o Th vin y t l khoan mch n linh kin dn.
* Simulation (ProSPICE/VSM):
PROTEUS VSM l s kt hp gia chng trnh m phng mch in
theo chun cng nghip SPICE3F5 v m hnh linh kin tng tc ng
(animated model). N cho php ngi dng t to linh kin tng tc ng v
thc ra c rt nhiu linh kin loi ny c to ra m khng cn code lp
trnh. Do , PROTEUS VSM cho php ngi dng thc hin cc m phng
c tng tc ging nh hot ng ca mt mch tht.
Thm na, chng trnh cung cp cho chng ta rt nhiu m hnh linh
kin c chc nng m phng, t cc vi iu khin thng dng n cc linh
kin ngoi vi nh LED, LCD, keypad, cng RS232 Do cho php ta m
phng t mt h vi iu khin hon chnh n vic xy dng phn mm cho
h thng p ng cc giao thc vt l.
Trang 35
I. V MCH NGUYN L:
- Giao din ca module v mch nguyn l ISIS trong phn mm Proteus.
Trang 36
* Yu cu: M phng 1 mch m BCD (0-9) dng IC 74LS90 v IC to xung 555.
* Cc bc v mch nguyn l:
1. Ly linh kin.
- Linh kin s dng trong mch:
1. 555 555 Analog IC (Phn loi Category)
2. in tr - RES Generic (l tng) Resistors
3. T in CAP Generic CAP-POL Capacitors
4. IC m 74LS90 74LS90
5. Led 7 on gii m 7seg + BCD
(Optoelectronics - Cc linh kin pht quang).
* Ly linh kin:
- Menu Library Pick Device
- Hoc chn biu tng Component Mode
Sau chn P trong ca s

- Trong ca s linh kin ta nhp tn linh kin cn tm kim vo Keywords.
- Quan st Result xem kt qu tm kim. Nhp i chut tri vo linh
kin a linh kin vo danh sch hoc OK.
Trang 37
- Gim s lng kt qu bng cch chn thm ct phn loi (Category phn
loi cp 1; Sub-Category phn loi cp 2; Manufacturer nh cung cp phn
loi cp 3).
- a linh kin ra trang v: Chn linh kin nhp chut tri ra trang v di
chuyn n v tr theo yu cu v nhp chut tri t linh kin vo trang v.
2. Sp xp linh kin.
- Di chuyn -
- Select Mode Chn linh kin Drag & Drop.
- Xoay
Rotate , Mirror
3. Ni dy.
- Di chuyn chut n chn linh kin th phn mm s chuyn sang ch ni dy.
* Ni ngun v Mass cho mch:
- Biu tng
- Terminal Mode
- Ngun: Power
- Mass: Ground
4. t thng s cho kinh kin.
- Nhp 2 ln chut tri vo gi tr ca linh kin hoc k hiu ca linh kin
(hiu chnh tn v gi tr cng 1 lc thay i 2 dng u tin ca hp thoi
Component Reference (dng 1) v dng 2 l gi tr ca linh kin.
- Cc dng gi tr tng t nh Orcad. Lu : Gi tr ca t in lun l
u, khng dng U.
5. Thc hin m phng mch.
RUN
STEP PAUSE
STOP
Trang 38
* Mt s thao tc thng gp:

- Copy:
Chn 1 linh kin hoc nhiu linh kin (qut khi).
Phm phi chut Block Copy (Cc tn linh kin s t ng thay i
khng b trng tn).
- Di chuyn:
+ Nhp phm phi chut ln linh kin Chn Drag Object
+ Hoc chn linh kin v di chuyn (Drag & Drop).
- Nhp tn v gi tr cho linh kin:
- Nhp phm phi chut ln linh kin
Edit Properties
Component Reference (Tn)
Component Value (Gi tr)
- Xa:
+ Chn linh kin Nhn phm Delete
+ Hoc nhp phm phi chut ln linh kin Chn Delete object
+ Hoc nhn 2 ln phm phi chut ln linh kin.
- Phc hi thao tc sai:
+ Chn Menu Edit Undo.
+ Hoc nhn phm tt Ctrl + Z
Trang 39
II. M PHNG MCH S:

* V d mt mch m trong mn thc tp k thut s: (Bi s 6: Mch m gii
m hin th, trang 49)
* Nhn xt:
- Ngun cung cp 2 chn s 5 (VCC) v s 10 (GND) trong m
phng, mc nh cc ngun cung cp cho IC (GND v VCC) lun c sn,
khng cn kt ni.
- Ngun xung Clock (CLK):

+ Trong thc t: ta phi s dng mt mch to xung, v d: dng IC
555 nh v d trong phn v s nguyn l. Tuy nhin, trong thc tp, mch to
xung c sn, ta ch cn kt ni vi mch to xung m khng cn phi lp rp
(gim thi gian lp rp tp trung thi gian thit k v phn tch mch)
+ Trong m phng: gim thi gian thit k v phn tch ta khng
cn v li mch to xung dng IC 555 m ta dng nhng cng c h tr c sn
to xung (mc 2.1).
Trang 40
- Mch Reset mc cao (RST_H) v cng tc Switch (SW1):
R1
150k
4
VCC
U1
3
DC
R2
14
1
2
3
6
7
CV
GND
680k
6
Mch Reset mc cao
Khi mi cp in, 2 bn cc t in cn bng in p

nhau (V+ = V- = 5V) nn ng ra RST_H 5V (mc 1)
To tn hiu reset mc cao; sau mt thi gian th t
C1
c np y Ng ra RST_H 0V (mc 0) v chn 1uF
(-) ca t tin v 0V T ng reset 1 ln khi cp

in (Auto Reset High).
Khi nhn nt Reset Ng ra RST_H 5V (mc 1)

Reset mc cao, v ng ra s ni v ngun 5V, ng
thi t in x in.
Khi nh nt nhn Reset Ng ra RST_H 0V (mc

0) v sau mt thi gian t c np in li.
TR
TH
Mch cng
tc
555
Cng tc h Ng ra
SW1
5V (mc 1) v ni v
ngun 5V.
C2
10nFng Ng ra
Cng tc
SW1 0V (mc 0) v ni v
ngun mass - GND.
XUNG CLOCK
U3
14
1
1Hz
2
3
6
7
0
0
0
0
Mch Reset mc thp
CKA
CKB
R0(1)
R0(2)
R9(1)
R9(2)
74LS90
Mch m phng
2 mch trn c cng 1 chc nng l to ra mc logic 0 v 1.

Trong thc tp, 2 mch ny c rp sn ta ch cn ni gim thi gian
lp rp. Trong m phng, ta thay cc mch trn bng cc cng c to mc
logic (mc 2.2)
Trang 41
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
12
9
8
11
- Ng ra mch m:
+ Trong thc tp, mch led kt ni sn ta ch cn kt ni gim thi gian

lp rp tp trung quanU1
st v phn tch nguyn
l lm vic ca mch.
U2
R1
VCC
150k
Q
DC
R2
14
1
7
2
3
6
7
CV
TR
TH
GND
680k
C1
C2
1uF
10nF
CKA
CKB
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
12
9
8
11
R0(1)
R0(2)
R9(1)
R9(2)
74LS90
555
+ Trong m phng, ngoi vic kt ni led ta c th thay th ng ra ca mch

bng cng c hin th mc logic (mc 2.2) v kt qu ghi trong bng trng thi
thng l ghi mc logic 0 v 1.
XUNG CLOCK
U3
14
1
1Hz
0
0
0
VD: 0
2
3
6
7
CKA
CKB
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
12
9
8
11
R0(1)
R0(2)
R9(1)
R9(2)
?
?
?
?
74LS90
Input
Output
CLK
Q1
Q0
(Trng thi ban u ca mch

Chn trng thi Reset)
Trang 42
2.
Mt s cng c h tr phn tch mch s:
2.1.
Ngun to xung clock:

- Phn loi: SIMULATOR PRIMITIVES
- CLOCK: To ngun cung clock.
+ Component Reference: Tn i tng

+ Component Value: Gi tr ca i tng (ch hin th)
+ Clock Frequency: Tn s (gi tr thc ca i tng).

Hoc
- DCLOCK: Xung clock cho mch s
: Generator Mode
Trang 43
+ Generator Name: Tn ngun pht

+ Clock Type: Kiu tc ng (Low-High-Low Clock: Thp-Cao-Thp)
+ Digital Type: Dng tn hiu s (Clock Xung clock)
+ Frequency (Hz): Tn s ngun pht.

2.2.
Cng c to v o mc logic:
- DEBUGGING TOOLS (Cng c g ri)
+ To ra mc logic 0, 1. Cng c: LOGICSTATE.
(Nhp chut
vo i tng thay i trng thi).
+ o mc logic. Cng c: LOGICPROBE.
Trang 44
Hnh: S nguyn l trong thc tp.
Hnh: S nguyn l trong m phng c IC m v led hin th.
Hnh: S nguyn l trong m phng ch c led hin th (v trong m phng nn tn

hiu ng ra IC m 74LS90 vn dng iu khin led)
Hnh: S nguyn l trong m phng ch dng cng c LOGICPROBE hin th

mc logic tp trung vic phn tch mch.
Trang 45
2. Label (t tn ng dn) v Bus:

*LABEL:
- t tn cho ng dy dn - LABEL: Chn
dn nhp hoc chn tn.
Chn ng dy
- Tn khng c php c khong trng. VD: Q0, Q1 (ng); Q 0, Q 1 (Sai).
- Ch cn t tn cho dy dn u tin nhng dy dn sau mun

t cng tn th ch cn chn trong danh sch (khng nhp li).
*BUS:
- V ng BUS:
- V ng ni t chn linh kin vo ng BUS. Kt hp nhn phm Ctrl khi
v v ng dn i cho.
v nhanh cc ng dn song song, c kch thc v hnh dng ging

nhau ta s v 1 ng dn u tin sau cc ng dn sau ta ch cn nhp
i chut tri vo chn linh kin k tip.
- t tn cho ng BUS v ng dn va ni - LABLE:
Chn ng BUS hoc ng dy dn nhp hoc chn tn.
+ Cng c t tn t ng: Property Assignment Tool

Trang 46
Hnh: Thit lp thng s t tn t ng.

+ String: Chui lnh thit lp tn.
NET: Tn ng dn.
+ Count:
Q:
Tn t t.
#:
Hin th s th t.
S m bt u.
+ Increment: Bc tng s m.
+ Action:
Loi tc ng (Assign: gn gi tr)
+ Apply To: iu kin thc hin (On click: khi nhp chut tri)
* Lu : Sau mi ln gn tn, bt u li s th t ban u ta chn li

lnh gn trn. Phm tt l A.
Trang 47
III.
C TI LIU DATASHEET:
1. Tn (chc nng) ca IC.
VD: 74LS90 Decade Counter

B m 10 (s trng thi)
2. M t ngn gn linh kin. Description
- 4 bit (m nh phn)
- 0000 1111 (16 trng thi).
- m 10 trng thi: 0000 1001 (0-9)
- IC m chia lm 2 phn.
- Divide-by-two: Mch chia 2 (2 trng thi)
2 trng thi 0,1
Mch chia tng ng 1 mch m 1 bit.
- Divice-by-five: Mch chia 5 (5 trng thi)
000 100 (0-4) (ch cn 3 bit)
Tng ng mch m 3 bit.
- HIGH-to-LOW: cnh xung
74LS90 s c 2 b m c lp:
- 1 b m 2 - 1 bit (2 trng thi)
- 1 b m 5 3 bit (5 trng thi)
Ta c th ni 2 mch m 2 v m li vi nhau thnh b m 10 (0000 1001),

10 trng thi, hay cn gi l b m BCD (0-9).
Ni li bng cch ng ra b m 2 ni vi ng vo chn cp xung clock (CP
Clock Pulse) ca b m 5.
Trang 48
* Mt s thng s k thut cn quan tm:

- ip p cung cp.
- Cng sut tiu th.
- Tn s lm vic.
in p v cng sut Thit k b ngun.
3. S chn (Logic Symbol) v tn chn (Pin Name).
Trang 49
4. Bng trng thi, bng s tht, bng ch .

- State Table, Truth Table, Mode Table, Functions Table (bng chc nng). Quan
h ca cc ng vo ra.
5. Dng ng ra: Dng kt ni vi ti ng ra.
IOH : Dng ng ra mc cao.

IOL : Dng ng ra mc thp.
VD: Thay i cu trc mch m BCD mch m 5 (5 trng thi ).
- Nguyn tc:
Ng ra: 0000 0100
(0 4: 5 trng thi)
0101 (trng thi k tip 5) c chn Reset v 0000.
Trang 50
IV. M PHNG MCH VI IU KHIN:

1. S nguyn l (phn cng):
Hnh: S nguyn l kt ni ti thiu cho vi iu khin trong thc t.

- Ngun cung cp: VCC, GND
- Mch dao ng thch anh: XTAL1, XTAL2
- Mch Reset mc cao.
- Chn b nh chng trnh EA\ (External Access):
EA\ = 0: Chn b nh ngoi
EA\ = 1: Chn b nh ni
Trang 69
RES NET
* Linh kin:
1. Vi iu khin:
2. IC m:
3. in tr ko ln:
4. Led n (xanh):
5. in tr DIP:
AT89C51
74HC245
RESPACK-8
LED-GREEN
RES16DIPIS
Hnh: S nguyn l trong m phng.

Trang 51
- Ngun cung cp: Mc nh phn mm ni sn. (Khng cn kt ni thm)

- Mch dao ng thch anh: Khai bo thng s bn trong vi iu khin (khng
dng thch anh). Nhp i chut tri vo vi iu khin Chn Clock Frequency:
Nhp 12 MHz.
- Mch Reset mc cao: Tng ng vi thao tc Stop Run (chy li

chng trnh t u).
RUN
STOP
- Chn b nh chng trnh EA\ (External Access): Mc nh lun chn b

nh ni (khng cn kt ni thm).
Trang 52
2.
PHN MM LP TRNH CHO VI IU KHIN:
2.1.
Phn mm SPKT:
1. To th mc TAM a C ( phc v cho chng trnh lp trnh cho vi

iu khin).
2. Khi ng phn mm SPKT-8051.exe
3. Nhp chng trnh vo v lu vo th mc nh trc (ty ngi
dng):
hng)
- Dng phm Caps Lock (vit hoa) v phm Tab (chnh cc dng thng
ORG 00H
TUDAU:
MOV
P0,#00001111b
CALL DELAY
;0 led tt 1 led sng
MOV
P0,#11110000b
CALL DELAY
JMP
TUDAU
;CHUONG TRINH CON DELAY

DELAY:
MOV
R6,#255
DEL:
MOV
R7,#255
DJNZ
R7,$
DJNZ
R6,DEL
RET
END
4. Bin dch chng trnh.
- Dng t hp phm Ctrl + A hoc biu tng

- Phi xut hin 2 mn hnh mu en (mi mn hnh c khong 2-3 dng
ch). Nu khng thy th phi khi ng li phn mm.
- Nu c li th chn vo
ca s ban u.
xem li, cn vic chnh sa th
- 2 li thng dng:
+ Syntax error: Li lnh u tin kim tra v tri (lnh).

VD:
MOV P0,#00H
V tri
V phi
+ Undefined Symbol: Li khng xc nh c tn v tr (v phi).
Trang 53
5. Ghi (Np) chng trnh cho Vi iu khin.

- Quay tr li mn hnh phn mm PROTEUS (ISIS).
- Nhp i chut tri vo Vi iu khin.
- Nhp chut vo v tr mi tn (dng Program File) Chn th mc lu file

chng trnh nhp bc 3 Chn file c phn m rng .hex (m hex m
my v vi iu khin ch hiu cc m nh phn 0 v 1).
- Clock Frequency: Tn s lm vic cho Vi iu khin. (Thng thng l
12MHz).
6. M phng chng trnh ghi cho vi iu khin.
Run
Step
Pause
Stop
Chn Run m phng chng trnh.
Ghi ch:
- K t ln th 2 ta thay i chng trnh (bc 3 chnh chng trnh, bc
4 bin dch li), ta khng cn phi thc hin li bc 5 v thc hin ngay bc 6.
- cho d dng trong vic qun l, ta nn lu chng trnh v file m phng
chung 1 th mc.
Trang 54
2.2. Phn mm MIDE-51:
Hnh: Giao din phn mm MIDE-51.

* Cc bc vit chng trnh:
1. Menu File New Nhp chng trnh.
2. Lu chng trnh. Lu : Tn file + .ASM (VD: LED_DON.ASM)
3. Bin dch chng trnh.

- Chn Menu Build Build hoc dng phm tt F9 hoc dng biu tng
Trang 55
- Nu c thng bo li, ta s xem v tr bo li sa li.
* Ta c th tch hp chng trnh np chy t ng vo trong phn mm MIDE-51:

- Chn menu Edit Preference Chn tab Programmer Chn chng
trnh np cho vi iu khin nh v d trong hnh.
* Mt s bi luyn tp:
Bi 1: Ta c th copy li nhng ni dung ging nhau v chnh sa li (Ctrl + C:
Copy v Ctrl + V: Paste Dn)
ORG
TUDAU:
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL
MOV
CALL
JMP
00H
P0,#00001111b
DELAY
P0,#11110000b
DELAY
P0,#01010101b
DELAY
P0,#10101010b
DELAY
;0 led tt 1 led sng
;0 led tt
1 led sng
TUDAU
Trang 56

DELAY:
MOV
R6,#255
DEL:
MOV
R7,#255
DJNZ
R7,$
DJNZ
R6,DEL
RET
END
_________________________________
Bi 2: tn dng nhng ni dung ging nhau trong nhng file trc ta thc hin
cc bc sau:
- M bi 1 Chn menu File Save As Nhp tn file mi vd:
Bai 2 OK
Nh vy ta s to ra 1 file c ni dung ging bi 1 (tn file mi) nhng bi

1 vn gi nguyn.
ORG 00H
TUDAU:
MOV
CALL
MOV
LAP: SETB
MOV
RLC
MOV
CALL
DJNZ
JMP
P0,#0
DELAY
R0,#8
C
A,P0
A
P0,A
DELAY
R0,LAP
TUDAU

DELAY:
MOV
R6,#255
DEL:
MOV
R7,#255
DJNZ
R7,$
DJNZ
R6,DEL
RET
END
_________________________________
Bi 3:
- Thay th lnh RLC trong bi 2 thnh lnh RRC.
_________________________________
Bi 4:
- Thay th lnh MOV R0,#8 trong bi 2 thnh lnh MOV
R0,#4.
Trang 57
2.3.
TRNH BIN DCH - KEIL C (COMPILER)
2.3.1.
Khi to cho mt project:
- Giao din ban u ca phn mm Keil C.
- To 1 project mi, vo menu Project chn New uVision

Project :
Trang 58
- Nhp tn Project v chn th mc lu project chn Save. Ta c

th to mi mt th mc cho 1 project d qun l.
- Chn vi iu khin ATMEL AT89S52 OK chn cu tr li NO

khi c hi Copy standard 8051 startup code to project and add file to
project v ta khng cn copy on m khi to 8051 ca chng trnh Keil C.
Trang 59
- To 1 file chng trnh trc khi gn cho project mi to. Vo menu

File New Save File Lu file c phn m rng .C hoc .ASM nu dng
ngn ng assembly.
Trang 60
- To file chng trnh cho Project, trong ca s qun l Project Chn

+ Target nhn phm phi chut vo Source Group 1 chn Add
Files to Group Source Group 1
- Chn file chng trnh v c phn m rng .C to bc trn Add

Close.
Trang 61
- Thm file th vin ca vi iu khin ta chn (h tr cc khai bo

thanh ghi c bit, port xut nhp, ): Nhp chut phi vo vng son tho
file Vi du 1.C chn Insert #include<REGX51.H>.
- Thay i kch thc font ch trong ca s son tho: Chn menu Edit
Configuration Chn Colors & Fonts 8051: Editor C Files Text Font
Size:15.
Trang 62
- Ngoi ra, ta c th thm phn ch thch cho chng trnh mnh vit,
phn ny rt cn thit v n tm tt phn cng v thng tin v tc gi, ngy
gi, s ln hiu chnh,. nhng ngi khc c th tip tc ci tin chng
trnh ca mnh khi cn hoc cho ch thch cho chnh bn thn mnh khi vit
qu nhiu chng trnh hoc thi gian vit cch qu lu.
- Trong trng hp cn tm hiu cc nh ngha sn c ca phn mm

ta bm phm phi chut trn dng ch <REGX51.H> Open document
<REGX51.H>.
Trang 63
2.3.2.
Son tho chng trnh.
Khi vit xong mi dng lnh, ta nn gii thch dng lnh hoc on lnh
thc hin vic g. V d:
Trang 64
2.3.3.
Bin dch, sa li v m phng.
2.3.3.1
Bin dch:
Trc khi bin dch, c th bin dch chng trnh thnh file HEX ta chn
menu Project Option for Target Target 1 hoc nhn phm tt Alt + F7.
- Chn mc Output chn Create HEX File nh hnh.

- Chn mc Target nhp li tn s thch anh l 12Mhz.
Trang 65
Bin dch chng trnh bng phm tt F7 hoc chn menu Project
Build Target hoc dng shortcut
2.3.3.2
Sa li:
- Xc nh v tr v sa li nu c. Nhp 2 ln chut tri vo dng bo

li di chuyn n v tr li mt cch t ng.
Trang 66
2.3.3.3
M phng
m phng cc bn chn Debug Start/Stop Debug Session hoc

n Ctrl+F5, hoc chn shortcut
hin th cc ng vo ra, cc thanh ghi ta chn menu Peripherals

I/O Ports Port 0 .
Ta c kt qua l 1 ca s nh Parallel Port xut hin, l ng vo ra

gip ta m phng port 0 ca vi iu khin. Du tick tng ng ng
vo/ra mc cao (5V), ngc li mc thp 0V. Trong menu Peripherals
cn c cc thnh phn ngoi vi khc nh timer, interrupt, serial.
Trang 67
m phng chng trnh, ta c mt s trng hp nh sau:
- F5
: Chy chng trnh lin tc.
- F11
: Chy chng trnh tng dng lnh.
- F10
: Kt thc lnh hin ti.
- Ctrl + F11 : Kt thc hm ang thc hin.

- Ctrl + F10 : Thc hin chng trnh ti con tr.
- F9
: Thit lp im dng ca chng trnh trong trng hp ta cn

kim tra tng on lnh.
* Lu : cho php hin th hay khng phn lnh ASM khi bin dch ta
cho menu View Disassembly Windows.
Trang 68
V. LINH KIN M PHNG:

1. Led n, led dng thanh:
- Led n dng phn tch c kh nng thay i trng thi Animated (linh
kin c kh nng chuyn ng, thay i trng thi)
- Phn loi: Optoelectronics (tt c cc linh kin pht quang)

- T kha: LED Animated (VD: LED Green)
- Led dng thanh: LED BAR
- Phn cc cho led (in tr phn cc, in tr hn dng).

Rhd = (Vng ra ca IC - Vled)/Iled
= (4,6V 1,6V)/10mA
= 300 ohm
- Chn 270 hoc 330.
- Port 0 ca vi iu khin c c im l ng ra cc thu h v khng c

sn in tr ko ln pha bn trong nn ta phi ni thm in tr ko ln iu
khin khi xut tn hiu mc 1 ng ra.
- M hnh:
Mc 0
Ngng dn
H mch
Mc 0
Ngng dn
Mc 1
Mc 1
Dn
Mc 0
Mc 1
Dn
Mc 0
Trang 69
Hnh: Led n thng thng.

* Linh kin:
1. Vi iu khin:
2. IC m:
3. in tr ko ln:
4. in tr dng khi:
5. Led n (xanh):
AT89C51
74HC245
RESPACK-8
RES NET (Resistor Network RES16DIPIS)
LED-GREEN
Hnh: Led n dng thanh.

Trang 70
Hnh: 32 led kt ni trc tip dng phng php t tn ng dn.
Trang 71
Hnh: 32 led kt ni trc tip dng bus.
Trang 72
2. Led 7 on:
- T kha: 7seg (7 segment 7 on)
+ 7seg Anode
: Led 7 on Anode
chung
+ 7seg Cathode
: Led 7 on Cathode
chung
+ 7seg BCD
: Led 7 on gii m
+ 7seg MPX Anode
: Led 7 on Anode
chung h tr phng
php qut
+ 7seg MPX Cathode
: Led 7 on Cathode
chung h tr phng php
qut
* Lu : Hnh dng 2 loi led ny ging nhau, ch khc

nhau v chn chung:
- Anode chung ni ngun VCC.
- Cathode chung ni GND.
Chn chung
Trang 73
- Phn loi: Optoelectronics

- Phn loi led: Anode chung (Common Anode ): ni chung chn Anode vi
ngun VCC (5V) v Cathode chung (Common Cathode) ni chung chn Cathode vi
mass (GND).
- Led gii m (BCD):

Led gii m th ch c 4 ng vo ng vi 4 bit nh phn (led dng m BCD).
23 22 21 20
Cch kt ni:
0 0 0 1 s 1
1 0 0 0 s 8
- Led cha gii m (c 7 ng vo ng vi 7 on a,b,c,d,e,f,g) + Chn chung

(Anode hay Cathode).
Anode chung
Cathode chung
* Led 7 on c h tr phng php qut (7SEG MPX Multiplexer: a hp

cc chn a,b,c,d,e,f,g,dp ca tt c cc led ni chung vi nhau).
Phn thng s ca led:

- Trigger Time: (thi gian kch sng tt kh nng p ng ca led).
VD: Trigger time = 1ms
iu khin led chp tt 1000 ln/1s.
Phn cc cho led.
Trang 74
Hnh: Led 7 on ni trc tip thc t.

- Cn in tr hn dng khi ni vi led 7 on.
Hnh: Led 7 on ni trc tip m phng.

- C th ni hoc khng cn ni thm in tr.
Trang 75
Hnh: Led 7 on ni phng php qut thc t.
Mc 1
Mc 0
Ngng dn
Dn
Led tt (0V)
Led sng (5V)
1
0
0
1
Hnh: Thay th tng ng v nguyn l mch transistor v mch cng o.

- Trong m phng vic s dng transistor thc hin qut led vi tc cao (s ln sng
tt nhiu ln/1s) khng n nh v phn mm gia m phng v thc t khng ging nhau v s ln
qut/1s.
Thc t phi dng transistor p ng dng cho led 7 on: (7 on + du chm) x
10mA = 80mA. Chn transistor c dng IC > 80mA.
V vy, trong m phng ta dng cng o thay th v p ng c yu cu phn
mm trong m phng v thc t hot ng tng ng nhau.
Trang 76
* Lu : Trong m phng, qu trnh qut led ta phi lun c bc tt ht led (chng lem)
trc khi hin th led k.
- Qui trnh qut led:
1. Gi m ra led 7 on (m 7 on hoc m BCD)
2. Chn led 7 on sng tng ng.
3. Delay (tr hon sao cho s ln qut led/1s theo yu cu)
4. Tt ht cc led (trnh hin tng led sau vn hin th gi tr ca led trc )
Hnh: Led 7 on ni phng php qut m phng.

Trang 77
3. Led ma trn Matrix + Led

- Xc nh chn ca led bng cch dng nguyn tc o theo ng h VOM.
Dng cng c logicstate cp in cho led.
- C th thay i chiu cp in cho led.

+ Chn mc Edit properties as text.
Trang 78
4. Nt nhn, cng tc, bn phm.

- Nt nhn: Button
- Cng tc: Switch hoc SW-SPST
- Bn phm: Keypad
- Phn loi: Switches & Relays Switches
Hnh: Nguyn l kt ni nt nhn vi vi iu khin thc t.

* Lu : Ta c th b in tr ko ln, trong trng hp vi iu khin c
sn in tr ko ln bn trong (P1, P2, P3); cn port 0 (P0) vn phi dng in tr
ko ln.
Trang 79
Hnh: V d v nt nhn v cng tc trong m phng.
Hnh: V d v nt nhn v cng tc trong m phng.
Trang 80
Hnh: Kt ni ma trn phm dng phm ri.
Hnh: Kt ni ma trn phm dng keypad.
Trang 81
5. LCD Liquid Crystal Display:

- T kha: LCD + Alphanumeric ASCII.
- Kch thc LCD (ct x hng): 16x2, 20x4
Hnh: Kt ni LCD thc t.

VC (VEE): iu chnh tng phn (dng bin tr iu chnh in p). Trong
thc t phi kt ni chn ny hin th r rng ni dung trn LCD.
Hnh: Kt ni LCD m phng.

- Ta c th khng cn ni ngun v bin tr chn VEE (iu chnh tng
phn contrast).
Trang 82
6. ng c bc:
- T kha: Stepper + Motor
- Phn loi ng c:
+ n cc Unipolar: 5 hoc 6 dy.
+ Lng cc Bipolar: 4 dy.
Hnh: Kt ni ng c bc cng sut nh vi vi iu khin thc t.
RP1
U1
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
XTAL2
RST
PSEN
ALE
EA
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
P0.5/AD5
P0.6/AD6
P0.7/AD7
P2.0/A8
P2.1/A9
P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
P2.4/A12
P2.5/A13
P2.6/A14
P2.7/A15
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INT0
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/T0
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P3.7/RD
RESPACK-8
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
+12VDC
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
18
XTAL1
19
U2
D0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1B
2B
3B
4B
5B
6B
7B
8B
COM
1C
2C
3C
4C
5C
6C
7C
8C
10
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
RA_1
RA_2
RA_3
RA_4
RA_1
RA_2
RA_3
RA_4
ULN2803
+88.8
ULN2803
STEPPER MOTOR
AT89C51
Hnh: Kt ni ng c bc vi vi iu khin m phng.
Trang 83
- Cc thng s c bn ca ng c bc: Edit properties
- Nominal Voltage
: in p cung cp.
- Step angle
: Gc bc.
- Maximum RPM (Round Per Minute Vng/pht): Tc ti a.

- Coil Resistance
: in tr cun dy.
- Coil Inductance
: in cm ca cun dy.
Hnh:
Trang 84
7. ADC v cm bin:
ADC0808
Hnh: Nguyn l kt ni ADC 0809 vi vi iu khin.

- ADC: ADC0809 M phng chn ADC0808.
- Cm bin: Sensor
- Cm bin nhit : LM35
- Bin tr: Varistor hoc Potentiometer (POT-HG).
Bin tr ny c kh nng thay i gi tr khi mch ang hot ng (c

kh nng tng tc interacvite).
Quan st hnh v
ca linh kin, vi
thng tin: VSM
(V: Virtual). Linh
kin c dng ch
ny th trc quan
v
tng
tc
c.
Vao: Cam bien

(IN0)
- Cc gi tr ng ra ca
cm bin thng l in p,
dng in, in tr nn nhng
trng hp khng c cm bin
th ta dng bin tr to ra
gi tr in p hay in tr
tng ng vi cm bin .
bit cao
(MSB)
bit thap
(LSB)
Hnh: Mch kim tra nguyn l hot ng ADC.
Trang 85
* Lu :
- Ng ra s ca ADC:
OUT1 (D7)
Ni vi bit cao MSB (VD: P0.7)
OUT2 (D6)
P0.6
Ni vi bit thp LSB P0.0
OUT8 (D0)
* Mt s thng s k thut (datasheet):

- Tn linh kin:
- Thng s chnh:
- S chn: i vi cc linh kin c tn chn khc nhau, ta s nhn dng thng
qua v tr ca chn. VD: Xc nh ng ra s v tr bit thp (bit 0) xc nh chn

17 (2-8 LSB) trng vi chn 17 OUT8 (trong m phng) hoc trng vi chn
17 - D0 trong s nguyn l thc t.
Trang 86
- S khi:
- c tnh in: Tn s ly mu.
- Gin thi gian: Qui trnh iu khin.Nguyn tc:
T tri sang phi trc thi gian (xc nh tn hiu thay i trc v
sau).
T trn xung di C tn hiu vo ( trn) s thay i tn hiu

ng ra ( di).
Trang 87
- Mi quan h vo ra gia tn hiu vo tng t v ng ra s:
VD: Xc nh in p VREF.
- Trong trng hp ta mun ng vo thay i 10mV (VIN VD: cm bin nhit
LM35 10mV/oC) th ng ra thay i 1 n v (N tng ng 1oC).
- Ng ra cm bin t 0 150 oC (0V 1500mV) Ng ra khng c in p
m Vref(-) = 0V (ni GND).
Nh vy, th 3 thng s VIN, N, VREF(-) vo cng thc trn, ta suy ra:
VREF(+) = 2,56V
Trang 88
Bin tr: POT-HG
Ngun xung clock: CLOCK hoc chn shortcut

Generator Mode
DCLOCK
Ngun in p DC: chn shortcut Generator

Mode
DC.
Hnh: Kt ni ADC, cm bin v vi iu khin m phng.

Trang 89
8. Relay:
- T kha: Relay v Animated (Thay i trng thi c).
9. Realtime DS12C887A:
- T kha: DS12C887.
Hnh: Mch m phng Realtime DS12C887A.
Trang 90
Hnh: S nguyn l
Hnh: S nguyn l
tng ng trong thc t.
c hiu chnh m phng.
Chn AS ni chung chn CS v ni vo

chn ALE ca vi iu khin.
Trang 91

Tai Lieu Mon Giai Tich Mach Tren May Tinh

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Tai Lieu Mon Giai Tich Mach Tren May Tinh

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TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.

Ti liu phc v mn hc:

GII TCH MCH TRN MY TNH

GII TCH MCH TRN MY TNH

c bn 1,2; K thut s; Vi x l 1) Mch Tng t, mch s,

- Trn my tnh: S dng cc phn mm c sn tnh ton

v phn tch mch h tr cho vic thit k.

ORCAD PSPICE (9.2) Tng t, s

PROTEUS ISIS (7.4 SP3) hoc (7.6 SP4)

PHN TCH MCH Quan st c kt qu Hiu

giay - tren may tinh - 30 - 40 phut

- Khng c s dng ti liu.

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

PHN 1: ORCAD PSPICE

Ngun dng v ngun p c lp & ph thuc

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

Hnh 1.1: Mch in trong thc t.

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

2. Nhp tn file (<255 k t), chn ch c h tr phn tch (Analog or

* Mt s th vin c bn: (V d trong mch in tr c 2 linh kin: in

SOURCE: (NGUN TN HIU)

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

c. VAC: Ngun xoay chiu.

Menu Place Part

Phm tt: P hay Shift + P

Biu tng (shortcut):

Bc 5: t thng s cho linh kin.

- ng vi tng linh kin th ta c n v chun m khng cn ghi ra.

VD: 1 t in c gi tr 225 picofarad c biu din:

- Nguyn tc c bn: Cn g th chn .

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

Hnh 1.7 Thanh cng c phn tch mch.

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

3. Chn ch phn tch: BIAS POINT (Tnh ton tt c thng s

4. Chy phn tch Chn Run PSPICE

5. Quan st kt qu phn tch.

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

2. CCH NHN DNG LI KHNG NI DY HOC THIU GND:

Hnh 1.11 Thng bo li khi phn tch.

Hnh 1.12 Thng tin li chi tit.

- Ta phn tch 2 dng lnh sau:

: Loi linh kin.

: Du cch (loi linh kin v tn linh kin).

Kt lun: Trong trng hp ny ta quan st trong mch nguyn l nu

Hnh 1.14 Mch sau khi thm GND.

4. MT S TH VIN THNG DNG:

ANALOG: cha nhng linh kin th ng (R,L,C), h cm , dy dn

SOURE: cung cp nhng ngun dng v ngun p khc nhau nh:

SOURCSTM: cung cp nhng ngun tn hiu cho phn tch s.

EVAL: cung cp diode (D), transistors lng cc (Q), MOS

in sng, ngun dng v ngun p ph thuc (in p ph thuc

ABM: cha nhng php ton ng dng nh l: php nhn

5. CC PHM TT THNG S DNG KHI V MT S NGUYN L:

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

BIAS POINT: Tnh ton tt c thng s cc mc p DC ti cc nt v dng

DC Sweep: Thay i hng lot cc gi tr (dng, p, gi tr linh kin, nhit ,

AC Sweep/Noise: Thay i hng lot gi tr tn s v o cc gi tr chu s

2. PHN TCH MCH KHUCH I:

Hnh 2.1 Mch khuch i ghp trc tip.

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .

- Cc bc thc hin v mch tng t nh bi 1.

- Tm kim th vin v linh kin:

VD: Transistor 2SC1815

GV: Trng Ngc Anh H SPKT Tp. HCM .