GIA C NN T YU BNG CC T CT G

A. L THUYT:
G dng lm cc, ct nh, tr in thng dng cc nc u M c sy tm
nguyn cy hoc x hp t cc loi sn, du, si, thng c cng chu lc dc trc >
60 kg/cm.
VN s dng g lm cc trong cc cng trnh xy dng khng cn c quan tm do th
trng VLXD chuyn hng; Cng nghip XD hin i bng cc loi VL c sx t nh my.
Nhng ring v cy trm, cy da v cy k rng min Nam th vn cn truyn thng
cha loi b c v n l loi VLXD kinh t nht dng lm mng nh trn nn t yu, cu kh
nng thn k chng st l bao ven rch.
Cy trm c trng trn t snh ly bn st ngp nc khp vng ng bng Nam b,
l loi vt liu xy dng kinh t nht t hng trm nm nay vi c tnh thn g th dc cng
do c sc chu ti cao. Trong iu kin m t lu nin cy trm c kh nng bn nc hn
100 nm khng b mc nt.
Cy da trng ri rc trn c 3 min, thn do chu un cao c kh nng chng gi v
dng chy; vng su ng bng Cu Long vn cn bng dng nhng cy cu da.
Ring cy k rng thuc ging c c chiu cao hn 30m; c th lm cc cu, cc li
y sng su hoc y khi ven bin.
L thuyt tnh ton thit k da vo cc qui nh v mng cc v khi mng qui c sau
khi gia c nn hnh thnh 1 khi mng t ct trm-da ta nh nhm cc g, cc t gia c
xi mng, vi hoc cc thp, BTCT.
Khc vi t gia c cc tre; v cc tre c mt ct din tch vnh khn khng u, chu lc
dc km v khng m bo ma st hng c tt do trn tut. Khc bit r rt khi ta so snh
gia cy trm/ cy tre v cc BTCT c c/ quay ly tm:
-

i vi cc BTCT c cng c kch, c din tch chu bm bng nhau v c sc chu

ti ng bng nhau do cc ly tm c mc BT cao hn cc c.

Vi cy trm hoc da th g c cng do c kh nng chu nn n R> 40

kg/cm. (Th nghim: ct 1 on cy trm ti vi di = 8D; t di 1 lc nn,
gia ti dn n P=40kg **D2/4, cy trm khng b ph hoi). Do ch lm th
nghim tm loi vt liu c sc chu ti tng ng p ng vi ti chu bm 1T/m
cho loi t yu c ng sut < 0.5kg/cm v sc chu chuyn ti mng xung
su L=4m. Ngoi ra vic nghin cu cy trm v chu nn, chu un v s dng
lm VLXD nh lt nn ng, dn gio v.v l do chuyn mn, khng nm trong

phm vi bi vit ny.

-

Vi cy tre (l ) kh nng chu nn dc khng n nh do th dc phn b theo

vnh khn lin kt mc phn on khng u, kh tm sc chu nn tiu chun;
v ngoi trn tut khng thm nc, chu bm km. V vy khng th xem l vt liu
ct cng chu lc ng b vi khi t nn.

T nhng lun c nu trn chng ti chng minh cc cng thc trin khai di y l
iu kin c c tnh ton gia c nn t yu bng cy trm hoc da c ng knh trung
bnh D < 400.
C trm c ng vo t thng thng vi cao trnh u c 0.20 so vi mt nc
ngm n nh thp nht cy trm lun c ngp nc hoc thm thu mao dn lun m
n u c. Cy trm dng lm c phi sung thng v di > 4m; sau khi vt nhn b ngn,
phn s dng ng ngp vo t t nht > 3.50m.
C 2 loi ng knh cy trm c s dng lm c t c hiu qu kinh t v l loi
thng dng: D6 (4-8) v D8 (6-10). Ngoi ra cc loi qu kh dng lm cy chng, dn gio.
ng knh tnh ton chu lc l trung bnh cng ca ngn v gc: c D6 (c ngn 4 v
gc 8); c D8 (c ngn 6 v gc 10). Ty vo D trung bnh thc t m thay vo cng thc
tnh ton.
Cch ng: ng vy t ngoi vo gia, tc dng nn cht khi t trong ng
bao gii hn to thnh cc t ct trm c kh nng ci to ng sut y mng ti u
khi c.
Ba ng: - V g (>40 kg) ng th cng.
- Ba chp sai tm cng hng xung ng. (ng c in hoc xng
loi nh 1 HP).
Ring v c da c tuyn chn t nhng cy thng sung c dmin > 300; dmax < 400;
L > 6000. Xem nh cc g, ng bng thit b thng thng.
Nguyn tc nh hng hp khi ma st hng ca mng cc cc loi khong cch tim/tim
c @=3D. Trong ng ng p bao di mi cc cch tim cc = 2D
Cng theo hng dc v ngang th nhng vng trn ny chng lp ln nhau 1D; cng theo
hng cho xin th 3D*1.414 = 4.242, gia 4 cc cn li hoa th m khi t tng ng ca 1
cc c thay vo lm cho khi t c nhi nn tng ng hn.

1- Cng thc tnh ton:

-

Ti tc ng trn mt cc t ct trm (y mng):

Sc chu trn mi u c:

a,b = [(3D-dmax)*(N(a,b)+1)] + (N(a,b)*dmax) ; lm trn chn 0.10m

Kim tra khng lc khi cc t ct trm qui c:

Nx = Na * Nb = P*/Px

Kch thc mng:

Px = D * L * C

S c trm:

P = Ps + Pt + Pp

Rx = [2*(a+b)*L*C] + (Rt*Ss)

> P*At

ng sut y mng (qui c) sau gia c :

= (Rx/Sc)-Pc

m Sc/Ss

2- Din gii k t:
P

= Ti tc ng ti y mng.

Ps

= Trng lng khi mng BTCT.

Pt

= Trng lng khi t ct p li h mng.

Pp

= Ti trng truyn xung chn ct.

Px

= Sc chu ti trn u c.

Pc

= T trng bnh qun khi gia c.

= ng knh trung bnh ca cy trm.

= Chiu di hu dng ca c trm (ma st trong t).

C
= Lc dnh t nn (s liu a cht). Nu khng c th ly bng bnh qun 1015% ng sut nn ti y mng c (tng ng tng ti cc lp t bn trn).

= H s lm vic ca cy trm:
tin cy = 1.2;

H s nhm < 30 cy 1.2

< 3050 cy 1.4
< 5070 cy 1.6
>70 cy 1.8
Nx

= Tng s c trm tnh ton cn thit cho mng.

Na

= S c trm phn b theo cnh a

Nb

= S c trm phn b theo cnh b

= S o cnh a bin mng

= S o cnh b bin mng

K/c

= Khong cch gia cc u c = 3D-dmax

dmax = ng knh ln nht ca cy trm.

Rx

= Khng lc ca khi t ct trm.

Rt

= ng sut nn ti y cc t ct trm.

= Din tch s khi ca mng trn n t t nhin.

Sp

= Din tch chn ct.

Ss

= Din tch y mng.

Sc

= Din tch chu ti qui c.

At

= H s an ton chu ti ca mng nng = 2

= ng sut y mng qui c.

= ng sut y mng sau gia c.

3- Cch tnh chu lc mng c trm:

Thit k 1 ct BTCT chu ti ng tm n chn ct 28T t trn nn t yu, vng t
bn cn sng c mch nc ngm cch mt t 1m.
D liu ban u:

C --> Rb=90kg/cm; R=2.5T/m ; T trng t bq=1.4T/m

- Tnh s c trm ? Kch thc mng ?
- V tr cc c trm i vi mng, i vi nc ngm ?
- V mt ct ?
Gii : I
Gi nh trng lng khi mng v t trn mng Ps + Pt = 6T P = 6T + 28T = 34T
Nu t mng nm ngay trn nn h mng th din tch tip xc s l: S = 34T/2.5T/m= 13 m;
khng kh thi nn phi gia c c trm nn cht t nn di y mng.
Din tch chn ct :

Sp=

34000kg/90kg/cm=379cm

Kch thc c ct :

ap=bp=20cm

ap=bp=20cm

30cm * 30cm

ng sut t nn ti mi c trm : Rt = 1.4T/m * 5m

= 7T/m

Ma st hng 15% :

C=p= 7T/m *15% # 1T/m

Chn c trm :

D8 (6-10) di 4m

Suy ra :

Px=

S c cn thit :

Nx = 34T*/0.96T= 36 *1.2*1.6=70cy

B tr c :

Na=9; Nb=8cy;

Kch thc mng :

a = 14*(9+1)+(9*10) = 230cm # 2.30m

p*3.14*4m*D

D*120kg/cm = 0.96T/cy
chn 72 cy.

tim/tim = 3D = 24cm; K/c = 24-10 = 14cm

b = 14*(8+1)+(8*10) = 206cm # 2.10m

Din tch y mng :
Mt c bnh qun :

Ss = Sc = 2.30*2.10 = 4.83m
72 cy/4.83m 15 cy/m

Kim tra khng lc khi cc t ct trm qui c:

Rx = [2*(a+b)*L*C] + (Rt*Ss)

> P*At

Rx = [2*(2.30+2.10)*4*1] + (7*4.83)
Rx = 69T
ng sut y mng sau gia c :

> P*At

P = 34T At = Rx/P = 2.03 > 2 t yu cu

m (Rx/Sc)-Pc = (69T/4.83m) (1.8*4) = 7.09T/m 0.71 kg/cm

dy mng ti chn c ct :

theo cnh a = (2.30cm - 30cm)/4 = 50cm

dy mng ti bin ngoi: 15cm

Mt trn mng : 40cm * 40cm
Dc :

(50cm-15cm)/(230cm-40cm)/2 = 35/95 = 1/2.7

u c c ng cao hn mc nc ngm 200 lm m ct dy 100 v BT lt dy 100.

(Xem hnh v)
B. NG DNG LM MNG NH BTCT T+(2-3) LU:
Khi c sau khi ng vo t 0.2-0.3kg/cm c kh nng chu ti 0.7-0.9kg/cm c th
ct nh BTCT thng thng: trt + 2 lu. a s nh ph, bit th v cng trnh cng cng trong
TP. HCM t c trm nm trc 1975 s dng mng c trm. n nay cy trm vn ang
cn l 1 loi vt liu xy dng thng dng v kinh t.
(Bi gii I mc A.3)
C. NG DNG LM MNG NH BTCT (T+4):
mt kha cnh khc vn dng nn tng khoa hc v cc tiu chun xy dng hin hnh
chng ta m rng dng mng phc hp (Composite ground-wooden pile) c th tng ng
sut chu ti ln n > 1kg/cm c kh nng xy dng nh dn dng trt +4 vi cc c
im nh sau:
-

Thm vnh c ai bao ngoi mng, cch mng > 100 v tim/tim cc hng ngoi > 4D; c
ai c ng ken st vo nhau c khong cch tim/tim=dmax. Cao trnh u c ngang
bng y mng. Tng d cht ca cc t v chng ln n hng trong trng
hp t qu yu c th st l khi o h (c th khng cn thit).

C gia c mng c cao trnh thp hn y mng 0.4-0.6m. Cn c phn gic truyn ti
trong i cc c cnh mng nh nht > 1.00m

Sau khi ng c, vt bn, m ct; tri lp vi a k thut lm khun va 1:6

(15%) hoc b tng 1x2 #150 lm khi i cc c sc chu ti > 40kg/cm (tng
ng sc chu ti ca cc trm).

Th li bi ton vi cc iu kin mc 3 ta s c ng sut y mng tng v din

tch mng gim.

Lp li bi ton v chn ti u. (Xem hnh v)

Gii : II
-

Din tch chn ct :

Sp=

34000/90=379cm

Kch thc c ct :

ap=bp=20cm

Chn cao i cc :

ng sut t nn ti mi c trm : Rt = 1.4T/m * 5.4m = 7.56T/m

Ma st hng 15% :

p=

Chn c trm :

D8 (6-10) di 4m

Suy ra :

Px=

S c cn thit :

34T*/1.139T= 30*1.2*1.4 = 51 cy;

B tr c :

Na=8 cy; Nb=7 cy

h=

ap=bp=20cm

30cm * 30cm
40cm

7.56T/m *15%

p*3.14*4m*D

# 1.134T/m

D*142.43kg/cm = 1.14T/cy
chn56 cy

tim/tim = 3Dbq. = 24cm; K/c 24-10 = 14cm

-

Kch thc mng :

a = 14*(8+1)+(8*10) = 206cm # 2.10m

b = 14*(7+1)+(7*10) = 182cm # 1.90m

Din tch chu ti qui c :

Sc = 2.10*1.90 = 3.99m

Mt c bnh qun :

Kim tra khng lc khi cc t ct trm qui c:

56 cy/3.99m 14 cy/m

Rx = [2*(a+b)*L*C] + (Rt*Sc)

> P*At

Rx = [2*(2.10+1.90)*4.4*1.134] + (7.56*3.99)
Rx = 70T
-

> P*At

P = 34T At = Rx/P = 2.06 > 2 t yu cu

ng sut y mng qui c :

(Rx/Sc)-Pc = (70T/3.99m) (1.8T*4.4m) = 9.62T/m 0.96 kg/cm

Cnh ln :

a = (210cm 2*(40cm) = 130cm

Cnh nh :

b = (190cm 2*(40cm) = 110cm > 100cm

Din tch y mng :

ng sut y mng sau gia c :

Ss = 1.30*1.10 = 1.43m

mSc/Ss = 0.96*3.99/1.43 = 2.68 kg/cm

-

dy mng ti chn ct :

dy mng ti bin ngoi: 10cm

Mt trn mng : 40cm * 40cm

Dc :

theo cnh a = (130cm-30cm)/4 = 25cm

(25cm-10cm)/(130cm-40cm)/2 = 15/45 = 1/3

D. U KHUYT IM:
1- U IM:
- Cy trm c s dng ng qui cch, thi cng ng qui trnh s cho nhng
cng trnh c cht lng cao v bn vng lu di. Hn 60% cng trnh cng cng v nh trn
t Sign t bao i nay v ang s dng cy trm lm vt liu ch lc gia c mng
cng trnh trn nn t yu. Nhng dy ph Ty, ph Ch, Hui Bon Wa trt +2; vn cn tn
ti hn trm nm.
- Cc cng trnh nh ring l ang pht trin vng ven v bit th vn (t+2) vn
ang thit k mng trm. Chng t u th ca n l r v d lm hn mng bng, b v cc
BTCT.
2- KHUYT IM:
- Do loi vt liu ny khng c quan tm ng mc trong chng trnh ging dy
v cha c tiu chun rng buc, t mnh ai ny lm theo kiu t suy on; dn
n nhng lch lc ng tic nh hng suy gim cht lng cng trnh.
- Cn chn chnh li nhng quan nim:
- Thit k gi nh 25 cy 8-10/m R = 0.8 1.0 kg/cm.
- Khi thi cng c cy no l ng cy , khng chn lc v nghim thu cht
lng cy trm. C 3-4 cy lm mt b li vo t bng my cuc cho nhanh.
- Thiu kim tra sc chu ti (chc cha bao gi c anh no lm ci ny ?).
E. LI KT:
Thi gian gn y do kinh t suy thoi, cc nh u t BS chuyn hng
dn v cc dng nh vt liu nh, r tin v mng nh kinh t. Cy trm l ng vin trong
cc ti nghin cu v tho lun.
Trong phm vi hn hp no , chng ti bin son li t nhng gp nht manh

mn trong cc sch xa cn ph hp vi c s khoa hc v cc tiu chun hin hnh m

phn ct li v Cng thc v Cch tnh chu lc mng c trm l bi ging ca trng
Cng th to tc Sign trc nm 1970.
Thc t min Nam, cy trm l loi vt liu xy dng kinh t nht dng lm
mng nh trn nn t yu t hng trm nm n nay. Nhng nghin cu thc nghim
c ng dng xy dng khng bit bao nhiu cng trnh cng s v dn dng cao
n 3 tng.
Cc bn va lm va nghin ngm: C trm l loi cc g c nh, Mng c trm
l cc t ct g.
*LU : Tt c cc qui nh hin hnh v mng cc c tc dng chi phi cch
tnh ny. Cc bn cn nghin cu thm c th chun ha Tiu chun thit k v thi
cng mng c trm.
Tham kho :
-Batiment 67e edition Ch. Mondin. Pieux ronds en bois.
-C hc t N.A.Xtvich Nh xut bn Nng nghip, HN. Th nghim lc
dnh ca t bng bn nn cu.
-Nn v mng cc cng trnh dn dng-cng nghip HKT-HN Nh xut bn
xy dng, HN. Thng 3/2002.
Sign, ngy 05 thng 3 nm 2012
Ngi vit
TamNguyen
KS. Cng Chnh-TTQGKT-PT/SG
CV. Thit k cu xa l/CENCOM
Chuyn gia t vn u t HTKT