: Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Session III

-1-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Coating Types and Inspection Criteria

.

:

: pigment ) Vehicle
/(

: resin
.alkyds

: evaporation polymerization
coalescence
.

:
cloud chamber .

metallizing .
:

.

-2-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

:
-
blisters runs sags dry spray
mud-cracking

-3-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Curing Mechanisms
:

.
.Oxygen-induced ) ( .Catalyst-induced .heat-induced - .Water-induced

.coalescence

)
(
) Solvent-Evaporation Cure Coatings ( Nom Convertible

resin chlorinated rubber
vinyl epoxy
.

.
.film
topcoat
.

cross-link / .

.
delamination ) (.
-4-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.
) ( Fully Curd
.

.

.
:

.Chlorinated rubber

.Vinyl

. Acrylics

) Bitumen (.

.

.

.

.
.

skin set .
.

Chlorinated Rubber
Coatings

-5-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

elastomar
polyolefin .chlorine

resistant resins Volume solids ( Vs
) .
)
) ( Vs 15 %25(
1 3 ) 25 (m 75 .

4 7 ) 100 .(m 175
break down F
(( C 80 decompose ).F 275 (C 134
175

.
:

.Aromatic solvents

.Esters

.Ketones

.breweries

Vinyl Coatings
) (PVC
polyvinyl chloride copolymers vinyl acetate
vinyl acrylic )(MEK
-6-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.methyl ethyl ketone Toluene xylene

).(MEK

. brittle
breakdown .plasticizer

: .

.Paper mills

)( F 175- C 80
7 DFT
.
-7-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

-

.

Dry spray
cob
webbing .

-1
.
-2
.


.


F 175
).( 80 C

.




.

.

film /

.

.

Acrylic Coatings

binder .acrylic resin
urethane
.epoxy resins
acrylics
.
.emulsion coatings
Waterborne
.Coatings
-8-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.


.

.


.

) ( Bituminous Coatings

.
gilsonite
.refined crude oil
.mineral spirits
Coal tar pitch
) coking process
destructive distillation (of coal .
aromatic
xylol .toluol
cutting back

.cutback coatings
:

.
.

roofing materials .
:
-9-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

aliphatic solvents
.

.
membrane .
Highly
Volume Solids 15 25 )
400 (m 600 .
).( F 92 C 200 -
)( .Dry Temp

.Troweblable Mastic Coatings

solid enamel .

.

) (
Convertible)) Polymerization-Cured Coatings

.

" " .monomers

.
.
""
.
-10-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.
.

.
)
(one-dimensional linking
) .(cross-linking
cross-linking

.

.
)(C2H4
monomer ethylene polyethylene
.1400

extruded sheath
)( sintered powder pre-formed
.tape wrap

.

.

) resilient
(.
-11-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Oxygen-Induced Polymerization Coatings

" " oxidative cross-linking
.
.

alkyd coatings:

.
.Linseed .Tung .Soy bean- .Dehydrated castor oil

.
) Menhaden (.
.
"" driers
.
.


.
.
.
) (WFT
.
WFT 2 3 ) 50 .(m 75
WFT
.
.
-12-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.
"
.


.
.

.

.

.
.

""
.saponification

.


" .
acetone
MEK ethyl acetate
. .

.

.Drying oils

.Alkyds
-13-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.Epoxy ester

.Oil-modified phenolic

) Uralkyd .(oil-modified urethane

.Silicone alkyd

drying oils alkyds epoxy esters
oil-modified phenolics
.

.


.

runs

.


.

tie-coat.
.

.

.
.pigment



.
.


.

.
.

prime
.tie-coat
.

Drying Oils
-14-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

) (
alkyds
.phenolic varnishes

.
:

.
.

Alkyd Coatings

. :

.Long oil alkyd

.Medium oil alkyd

.Short oil alkyd

enamels
.
:

.Acrylic

.Phenolic

.Silicone

.Urethane
-15-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.Vinyl

masonry
alkali-resistant primer
sealer .tie-coat

.
.

.

F 180 81 C

.
.

Epoxy Ester Coatings

-16-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

one-package
.

. two-component epoxies

.
single-package

.

primers :

.Plant floors

chalk
.

Oil-Modified Phenolic
Coatings
Oil-modified phenolic
coatings epoxy phenolic coatings
.

.
phenolics .

.

profile .
:
-17-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
) ( vehicle
.barrier-type primers
.
.

" " .universal primer


.

.
/
.

.


.
.


.delamination

.

) (Uralkyd
(Oil-Modified Urethane) Coatings
uralkyds urethanes
.alkyds varnishes
-18-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

pigmented / one package

. )
( high spar varnishes
.

.

.

Silicone Alkyd Coatings

pure
.alkyds

tung
.

marine finishes
.
.

Chemically-Induced Polymerization Coatings

) curing agent
(.

.
.

:

Epoxy
-19-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Coal tar epoxy

Zink-rich epoxy

/ Polyesters Vinyl esters

Moisture- cured urethane

Tow-component urethane

Vinyl wash primers

Epoxy-modified phenolic

.
.
.


. :

) Hardener ( base
Hardener
.

-

. / pot
life
.
.

blistering
. .

digestion sweat-in

.

.
fisheyes cratering
digestion .

-20-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

) (

.

.

F
) 50 (10 C .
F (16 60
) C ) F 45 (7 C
aliphatic and aromatic polyurethanes )F 40 ( 4 C

.

.
/ pot life

.

.viscosity
.

.

.
:
. ..-21-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

- .

:
. .. . . . ) (
Epoxy-Two Component (co-reactive) Coatings

) converter activator
hardener (catalyst .

polyamide
blush polyamine
.

.toxic

polyamine
.

. ""
blush
amine bloom
.
Isocyanate
) ( F - 10 C 50
.

Ketimines
-22-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Amine adducts

Poly imides
- Amido-amines

)
.(chalking
.

.offshore facilities

.
.

.
amine blush
.
milky

.

.amine carbamate

-23-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.
) amine carbamate(
.
over
coat
.

Coal Tar Epoxy Coatings

. synergistic



.

:

.antifouling

)( .ballast tanks

docks .pilings

.
.

.
.

.

.
-24-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.
.

.

Zinc-Rich Epoxy
/
/
two- or three-package
) 50 % 75( .

three-package :
) fillers
(.

) (.

two package :

.
) (.

zinc oxide

.zinc carbonate
.

.
-25-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.


. .

/
anchor
pattern .




.



DFT
.


.

/
.




.

surface profile
.

.
.

)(


.
peaks

.
Rust bleed

mud cracking
.

/
Polyester/Vinyl Ester Coatings
/
DFT 100 )
(m 2500 . /
.
.
/
chalk .
.
.
-26-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

profile ) 4 ] ([m 100

.

styrene air-fed
respirator .

.

peroxide MEK
.

.
) 5(
.
.spontaneous combustion
blanket
.
/ shrinkage
. :

/ glass .fiber
.secondary containment

-27-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.
.1
.brittle
.2

/ .
.3

.

.
.





.

.1



.
.2



.
.3


.


.

.

poor
.integrity

.

.

-28-

.

F (15 60
) C
F( 70
) 21 C 24


.

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.1

.2

.



.

.1
10 ).(m 250

.2

.

..

WFT


DFT.


.

Moisture-Cured Urethane
/
one-package aliphat
) aromate (.

% 30 %80
.
:

abrasion .chipping

.
.package stability

.
.

-29-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.
.

.
.

.


.
.
.

Two-Component
Urethan Coatings
:

.Aliphatic
.Aromatic
] : .
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
) (1 paraffins ) (2 olefins ) (3
.acetylenes
.
) ; (CH4
.mineral spirits
-30-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

) ( .
) (C6H6
xylene .toluene

.

:

.
.

.
offshore platforms
.

.

.
.
-31-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.

.

-

.
)
(
.
.
.

Vinyl Wash Primer

) (polyvinyl butyral
vehicle
.

:

.Alkyd

.Chlorinated rubber

.Vinyl

.Epoxy
.Urethane

15 20
4 8

0.3 0.5 ) 8 (m 12 .
-32-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

: 20 )
6( .


.

catalyzed coatings
.
)
/(

Hardener

.


.

.

)
(.

.


.
.

.
0.5 )
(m 12.5 . DFT
.



.

.
.


.
.
.

Epoxy-Modified
Phenolic Coatings
-33-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.

.

.

.

.

. .
:

20 ).(m 500

.
.

10
15 )375 250
(m
500 )12.5
(.

.
Cross-
. linking .

)(
.

Heat-Induced Polymerization Coatings
-34-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.single-component

baking
.
heat converting
:

.
.

-35-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

process vessels
.

cans pails
.drums

.
:

cross-linking reaction F 200
) ( ) F 325 (C 165
.F (C 200 ) 500

F 400 F
C 205) 450 ( C 235 .
.
) (
. .

.

.
.


.

/ .

-36-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.

-37-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

:
)
(.

.1

.
.2


.
.3
DFT
.

.
blisters holidays .
- .

.





.

.
.


.

.
.
.


.
.1

.

holiday
.2
DFT .
/
.
.3

.
/

..


.
. holidays
.
.1
.1 .

.
.2
.2
-38-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.3
.

.
)
. .(flash time

Silicon Coatings
.
:

. erection
stand by
. ) (
.
.

F 5 400 200 ) F 5 700
C (C 375:

.Furnaces

.Boilers

)( .Petroleum cracking towers

.Stills

F 1000
F ((650C 1200 .

.
F( 402 C ) 750
-39-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
:

.
.

Pop-ups

.
.
.

.
)( .
.
.
.

.

-40-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Zinc-Rich Coatings
.
SSPC
.SSPC-Paint PS-20
.
.

:

soluble .

reducible .
.

.

) 75 (%95 .
) ( vehicles
:

.
.
-41-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Hydrolyzed
.


.
silicic and polysilicic
.
vehicle
.
- ).(S-O-Zn
matrix
.


.

:

ingredients
) ( .

.


.

.
) (
.spherical

bubble
-42-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

7


) zinc-silicate matrix:
(.


.
sacrificial anode .

.

) passive (
.

-1
.

NACE ) 2 (
NACE ) 1 ( .
NACE ) 3
(
.
-2 Mixing and Handling
. mechanical agitation


.
/ 30/60
.vacuum paint strainer mesh screen
30/60 ) (113gm )(Lit 4
-43-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.

-3

DFT
. .
pitted
.
.mud-crack

.

faying surfaces .

.Ketone

.Aromatic hydrocarbons

.Gasoline

.Diesel oil and lubrication oil

.Jet fuel

(F )419 C 785
.
:

.
-44-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

: vehicles

) ( .
.


.
.

.

.

.

.

water reducible
) ( .

.


.


.
.


/ .continuous film
-45-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

solvent-reducible ) (
.
hydrolysis
.
) %50
(%90
.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
5 ) (m 125 .

.

.

ASTM
" .
ASTM D 4752 ) (
MEK " .
" 6" 1
.

quarter
. .
-46-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.

phenoxy catalyzed epoxy urethane
chlorinated rubber vinyl
.

.
.


.

) 50 %75 (
.

particle-to particle contact filler

iron phosphide

.

.

.
-47-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.

.


streaks

)
( .

.
-48-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.




.

.
.


.

.
.
crawling
.fisheye


.
.

.

.

wash coat .

)(
.
.
.


.
.

.wash coat
.

.
.
.

-49-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.


.



.




.

.
.


.
.


.

.


. .

.
.

condensation .


.



.
.


.
.
-50-

.



.


.

.

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

Waterborne Coatings

solvent-borne coatings
.VOC

) .(VOCs

.

.
.
.

.

water borne water soluble
.water-reducible
:

.
.water soluble

) suspended ( ]
emulsion coatings [latex coatings
.
.suspensions

-51-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

vinyl acrylics .

.

) . UV
.

silicate binders .

.
water-soluble water-
reducible .

water-suspensions
diluent / . dispersant latex
emulsion
/ .water-dispersion
. latex emulsions

.
latex emulsion .
Latex
)
( . " latex"

.

- .Styrene-butadiene copolymer

.Acrylate resins
-52-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.Polyvinyl acetate

:
. copolymers
.

Emulsion

immiscible .
.salad dressing
) immiscible (
.

:

continuous
.or external phase

disperse or
.internal phase
.

.
.
.
:

.Polyvinyl acetates

.Acrylic resins

.Bitumens

.
-53-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.Coalescence

.

.
.

.

.
.

.
) (
) ( .

.

Co-reactant Suspension Coatings

.

) (.

-54-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

. ) (
.

.

.

.

.
.
.

F 50 F 80 ) C 10 (C 27
30 .%60

.
) VOC
(.
flash point
) (.

) 30 (%60
.
.
-55-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

.
.

.
.

.


.

.

.
.

.
.

-56-

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

. .
.suspension

. .
) F 50 C
.
(10
.
.

. .
.
.

.



.

.

.

)
(
.

-57-

.
.


) F 50 C
.( 10


.


.


.

.


.

 : Coating Types and Inspection

Criteria

1 ......................
1 ................................................................
3 .............................................
3 .................
9 ................................
37 ..................................
37 ..................................
42 .......................................

-58-