Alzheimer’s Social cognition in Alzheimer’s disease: A separate construct Stephanie Cosentino", Laura B. Zahodne*, Jason Brandi, Deborah Blacker!, Marlyn Albert, “cp emcee i, Deum of ey nt een Anes ante gg Bi Cbs any contributing to dependence Bruno Dubois", Yaakov Stera’ "Sgn sip nd ee eS MF EL “Derma of Naor nee Unrate ean, Bali MD. US “epee en oe irs he ps ny st feb, MD, US “Tamme car hah Se tp Haan Maced wc Hasan M4 "ums 1. tna Crean fle ete ot ta dla de cere Mie, Pas Fae “cond feces Dimes hanes Ge Moar Psi Pars Pace ‘ute wes gear cemaiechanes is emer s ses AD) snc. Moweshe NaC 5 ‘Sl cogateesymgena couice ty dns every an progenton is maken ‘Th cue ber ay ipl coer and oan nein war cl copntioe ‘meaured visa tens emt lesed Depa Kang Seagal coun, sb sends [2517 prin wit rebate AD. ack wee ator ry Smear Ya ee ‘Su or arash cre mod je for gedaan ope, nd ‘canes oven tse cognac ad yen comin were ula osesececaly useuna ine Hove bce cack wee ete gene) ue ‘iingevalas of uch wrested changin dope Ths cng gg ihe eprbty of salad gener copntin in AD. Reis ure th ean of ce ‘lng sul cegatin han hang dene an snag chee oars ed Pa ees dene Sc cpt: Cop: epee ‘shakey [22014 Te Aine Assinon Al ight reored 1. tnreducton Seca coin hs ce orb asc corneas lips and explicit roca ht re cogaged tundra Gr suapeet the elf slation footer [2] Thiet of osesies for the Roi of the compen soto hehe {he ually shared expetabns that eeableidrideals 1 Inert Successful Wb ose acter across a TBS of ‘hs [5] Inca wo certain presto of fede ‘erpor! demcnia (FID) cry Althsimer's dice (AD) SE chamctezed fquerly by preted socal cogntion “Coroyoting stor el 4212S Fa 421A, [ner solalcogulton fen eas natant mea cate stage of th aca (5. Howees, aaa ssc of {dle with AD evidence masked changes in soci ‘opnon carly ring the dncue tha womens vere ‘ugh to ec misigroses of FTD. Even cases tat the typical AD profile. with ammeste dees being palm cn objetve social ceive tea inclaing ‘Theory of Mind (TEM) snd emi recognition [71 and {nse cues thos impress con be cmmnentrate with the FTD. See Harearce and Coven (fea review "The extent which socal cogaiveGefcks preset comporent of te dca tht is separable ftom genta 152240 fit mater © 0: Th inven eight a Mpiindnarpleoenae DIcognitive deficas in AD as nt beenexamined formally E3- Slag Wok es demoastared tht fanctoad dees and prchiatis pays ion depeonen, prychosis agian {ion alhoug lta general copie purest in AD, are sparble elements ofthe ica [012] Soci egntive sympiems may reresat yet another specie ‘muniesision of sea putology dats dint ueally andor etusleraly fom gene cognitive Snparmat Fee example. social bebviom have bec ‘nto have dine neural ccaity eriginsting inthe Sehtokotal regione of the petetal cotex (PEC) snd ‘repping onto speaic raion (eg. ventral ve dena) of Subeorical seucures, including the sian _lohus Dulas, and lamas (151s), Behavioral evidence fe the dimociaton betwocn tis ctcaiy and eer cic ignsing inthe PFC can be sen fr example in the {egecntnecition wees socal copition nd ‘aces ables im behanral vanant FID) hos slen hove garded tht sei! cogntive debts may seflet comprise wihia a network acai tbe PPC. ‘fea al teaperal Lobe ta eal for wpa ad rcening conten coms 20), This sca context ewer ‘Boden bone proposed recently a owl bast the Seeialcognitwe changes in beta varan FTD. Alerts ts pose that sci cogastive deft in AD sem fam moe general cogntiv deicts Forex. fay becn saggeted tha mprment on objetive ts of ‘vt rogram and TeM my ste debts invoper Sse he an) Tet ‘rodinal =sccerors etncensabjectively eds omn= Sve symp asesed wi a sicitem subscale fom the Blcwed Desestia Rating Seale (EDRS) and seer come Sor forthe fet ime ins lege coor of vials with [AD A second, tld aim waste can the exe! to which “ebyectnel red ial cnanve symptoms thong’ pee {klvuneldtogeeralcopmtnesyaplons haverdeance so dsex seve and couse asesed nth be Depenicace Seale (ES) (2,2 mes tht has bea recommended fe ‘Dodkling AD propessen [22] The DS sovcmts fr more ‘teance in eliseal otetnes than cogntine sores ore [DS Idee, whee compared with ther marker of exe ‘ncining the Mia-Ment Site Fxarimaten (MMSE Desi Assessment in Dementia 2nd Chineal Dement ‘Rau, te DS accounted fr te east amoust of valance ‘pa vascy of cumomic (eg, Geet sedied cb) ad {qliy-of fe outcomes for pats and caregivers It hax EXE semen forse nef lng crm exe propessionim AD, 21. Patpants and procedures ‘The curont sample ince S17 pins agnnsed with proitle AD and earl nthe Muticrter Stacy cf P= crs of Diese Coune in Atieime' Diets, Lac {sian reve bad prcpaig capone the say Pl study prcoas we ceeed crwhe {2128} i be pious were mod ia ro wee ‘septic clinch cetera set {a be Une Sean Fare Cote Uno Metal Center (n= o08, Tena Hope Scoot of Malkine (a = vf), Nanachwcas Gene” Hep (= 130, snd de Hoy de Sapsee nF, Hace 58) Digs of robe AD wae ae ‘Curse Desa Stke-Athemes Dice Sn Reacd Duca Accokatncrera 2 ot cose Confocal yale to pyacan seraleg Inenetad we teronchlgt Conc loioe Sicuinwcaascs ore sy vcbos ore pe Simei) BiSS| Al patents wet rgured te he ald ‘ems cit + Mie Vin Mea Ste Ea {tor (mS) oe ef 30 pn mre fered tae, which i appoinacly cqvaar wo & Foacn Nt oof le nor one acta et vr ‘cba for scone of denen tc than AD, peor ‘Ske ska, seeholom, chzeprena caeaeatne ‘Sec and clereconasne thcy win? yeas pe ‘cing ly carne hy a Khe ec Covaive ames angle coe 22. Measures Seva cognitive epraptoms were acess a ech ace ‘seq on 2 Scale ffom 0109 PAHS based on a sub OF {nominated stems fom the EDRS (20) that query ‘wher the ptiat fs () more stern than Pele ad Tew able adapt to charge i) more scl cctred han ofr (i) encencerned about chor felings i) wale to coed emotions () ely angered and (ely 10 sake strange joes or laugh at things tat ae at fay. ‘These teas wee sows povous) ileal ogeerenasi se fas that was indepeadeat fram sce ai ans 25 ‘Stang cympioms tated to general copie symptoms (Gg, remembering shor list nding the way around he tue), opahy (eg leat interest string new things lestikel to prtrpte nobis decease emtioral = actors) and base seifcae (@S., ang, GSS, and akler conto (7) “Global cope ws ws crated a cack oscsion wih te @AIMSE (21) I4 ation to ome fre He MMSE (20, the sAIMSE bcd ome tat allow fee ‘more compstensie asics of working mene” ca Tin rval of te cure td four previo resent of the Unted Stak confaion suming. peo, ad ‘ocottcon The wale wan ttumlated and ale foro ‘Sumante tthe Pars te. Sere age fe 01057 pts ‘ith igh some nating eter cage Fncioag Depressive symm were asses a asthe with he ‘Columbia Unset Sea for Psjetopatclogy is AD 0),‘ach isa semisractare tere cnt wth nor siuntasessg te presence and seen of psychi p= Sos chvag le pnt on, Derenive syne scty ‘cores ere tnadin he curentsttorloatte pony that elements ofthe socal cognitive index elec dopey ‘os. Scores age fom opts wth higher es r= (ang peter psyhopatogy Ged ner aby fe encuen raigs of te dese spans prt Of Single evi hen boce spurte («= 80) 0). "Phcmaiaoecomc nears was the DS, «1-H neat aartered toacargier [22] The DS compres 1 Aiehetomowriteme eg Does te ptiont nto etched orkcptcompary whetawale?)anitwo temsseaed ona > pola Litereype scale ndcauasthe equeicy ofueedte, Doct tice ced mines ov arie omange coe, do hopping. cook play gence hanle money?) Scores ‘ange fom D to 15 point ith higher seres sisting reitr dependence. Intoater relay. tera conse tency. convergent vat. ereren vay ad seasitty so duge range om accepuble wcucellew (22, Data were araiyzed wing MPs venom 7 (Muth Moahen. Las Angeles. CA) wif a spect exe ef sacral cqunien moeing Oem fered to 38 eat sFOWEL cuNe (LOC) saneling aning seam cond etnaton (O20 Mining dts wore managed withthe fall oman ‘pasinum lleitcod method, which a all arb da, {ie procter eaimaton, Thi appronch cores ac _nasimass cexcitellcitcod fercions compute us salle da for ext parcipant. Mone Caro simulation 1 shown tat te fll ermaton matin Bete ‘Dotod pone: anbimed nd mre fcr sins han Shenaive nethed: (2g, bate daiaton, puis dalton fd rier respons pater imprtion) [Made any ‘heassamptems of kammgcrety of emo anance an deer ence of nes wis ca domain t=, functen exon, ‘kpesinesyaptons). A sigh of LGC modeling tha ‘lowe the snd of rile eters tine ina ‘ltaratamonote Theorral lec efchange tre) fd amcant of ange pe) is och sempom e Ge, Aependencecepating sce cogriten) reps the key arte. Adina iformaaesgsrdig pre = ‘naan utatge LOC ad is applicaton the stay of seuedkgematve docpe ip stalale chevhee (2 Mil war ceed wi the flowing sormmoely ted Sstcic YF rot eon wae emer of apprsintion (RNISEA scmparsive inde (CFD) and Tucker ows dex (TLD, Sra vats ofc square aed RMSEA ince eam Nae of CPanel TL dt cle ike ‘ate ter Fietwcen sed mndciswan compar sa ‘eli ing he ge to Ma ung proceed im wo bra tage Fir the injectors ofthe thre vrables of inerest were cxarind “cary witnuncendetonal evra growthcune made “Tocharctnze the funciona forms of stl cognitive, gn cal cognie, an dependence uate, ma thal et ‘atc oly Inca eunse mere camp sunbtcaly wh ‘hos dat read bth inarand quainsc change Second testing write meres were combined int a sng, ‘onda mattered in which bain pre ‘crimes contol for al clade vara, nts ee ‘Sela between lal evels and changes tthe syug> om independent of ta covas (en ng eaten fn year, eraonon itn dpesnon) canbe exe ‘omic Getemeps) adn sympiom changes (ope) ‘were examined Coin coarse wee cvtere facate fuunice ltepeation Specialy. values of 20 cane gon othe mean spl wg of gear to 12 yeu of ae ‘stem, male set corimest of te Colaba sts) and heecs of deprive pnptomeetceine 3 Rests 4, Descripives, Paticgats hd an average keine age of 7438 + 86 sears (sandnnd deviation and csstions level of 1881 = 23S yearn The eae durbuon ofthe sample was 935% White 6% black, and 19 oer etuiiles Five pent of the patcpets wore Hispanic hy aleseprt A tol of [0.8 ofthe partisans wor female Avcinge bce po. formance onthe MMMISE sae 3763 = 657 point On snerge. civegiere opted ht potent emarsrted 203 of st socal copmune syapras at Basen, wilh a fang of ew sin Frequent of inv syenpton ‘slic aged rs 9% (aking ste joke) wo S46 (Gene tubo) Dependence cre wer ott of pate fc verge, witha ange of 00 12 pans Sex bie | fe ‘tal and change wales ofall wrest eas! one {ollow-ap assessment was valle er 963% othe cure spc The everage numberof moowescis was 27 = 3.8 {nding ta th average tcp wormed sm ‘owally for moe than 4 yeas Dla fom only he Bt 12 feseune (8 year) were cde inthe caren ly 10 Imasinize cova emer 32. Unconditional vtvariene models este uncondonal uiarine mas were bul spe tly for Ue te econ varnbl, la mc allowing ‘iy near change ial couiton lope irate = 0.21 {DDD cogaion ope satiate == ski P< CD). and dependone lope extste = 819: P< (01) worn Ging te sudy penod. Allowing for curvinar charee Inproved mie! Bt giieely fer wea etn GoW Wois, P< Gh can (Sete —setie > © app, tat aeprice (Sei) = 2,7 a0) Te mos ing bah Fnearand qundatic pes were rind fr sbsequer nic ug— pw — zor) soe) comme aman “Tae 7 “wzaney “xr ae ae bee) eee oxen) amas) anon) ome aun) -Sitiessy tao (as09! “ouseasy oom Lieies) “Tere ata) coe any 6380137 arwicne! —-ongecy omer 0s) NGI inception ams cere ob bere note nee ecoermpct e et pcm Slat re stam ae men snipe nb kp ef ie rs ceed ‘Seen mee “oon is reciente me Perse tae inthe tig enc eli ic LG€ net nt perl eh Titrceps Geel) eS neat eras Gre fo al {Pecos that ect sina nl eve he a cores arent fhe pth pen Tey Re Sine coes Lina saps cn be etd she coat sc of change eer tne: Que slopes ca be it Joc chmgeie ees change aie. Natce ‘itu: orth intercon pe epeseat te ages Goon vata. Thre wre sige esl aes een reps and slope al. =O al te mel ‘Dikatng stil tal illeccs i ie a TESS So, coginsa pendence Schroders ea ene for ‘Eta eating Acco ini Teel cages for copnton, and spentace were rn the dy Fev fsbo over ne Chugcia oll cgao, {Mough sasaly spat, sens pon than da ‘Sec ethertwo varie anny be perl Steak © Ses wh epson a te fal ge of he Bentepaiinl | 22. Condiona mubivriate made ‘The dc betting anvaitc LOC mds fr soe egition, goterd cognition, and dependence th ode ‘SE awed fr bts ner and quae change cach ‘hethne arabes) were cominned ipa sige malivarate ‘model. and avetine marian peices eased asene (Ge age, sce clmatien, depen el xtc e) ‘npc The mic! proved te flowing tet POU = 12536852 (9'= oD, CF = O96 TLL = 098, te RUSEA = 0057 (OU, 08D, Interne shown i ‘he lover panel of ble | em e interpreted estimated ‘na lcs when all comnts sr eto 20 (Lea 8 “Hycansuation in 2 yeas san male; Colabig flac depres sympon: are aco) Av skown. nom cing overtime was evden for socal copitin, cgston, lad ependence ater contig fer these variables ‘Cereations heen the fairs inthe conctonl mae are shown in Lalo = After conoling forthe covanstes, ial evel of cach yrable were sled anequee ‘Ghnge in thc nila lovl ofboth acal cog ‘on and cognition were sled 9 nil dependence evel, ‘lthogh they were mot wae to cach eter lial soil ‘ogative ats west ancciind with sabsoguet anges Incognitenor dependence. However. aes of charge ns dal eopeton an change in uependeaee Over Une were ‘onslaed (able 2), Rates of change i cogmtion were ‘ho elatd to ats of change independence “Older age wae ssid epentotly wi reatrinitia ependesce (andanized pareer estimate = 021. san ‘Gaver [SE] = O08. P< 001) bt sower incase asi comlive syayens Gsundrdaed puaneer frunmts ~ 151, SE ~ (06 P'~.017) and slower gene opsive decae (auadaeinedparanateretinaie ~ O20 SE=O05 P< 001) Ferien wat ait with over Intl socal cogmie symgenms steed parame curate = ~012,SE= 003, = (D4) tara me ap eae socal ogni sympa ver read nmi stnaie~ O16 SE ~ 0.06 P = 010) and omer {ntl copsiioe (tandrdizedparmatoreimate = 018, SE 200s, ?'= 000) Lower level of edecaten wx snc with lower general cogntive stats at stn (stant Inedarameeresimate = 020,58 = 005. P< 001)bat ‘wilh nic of copie dln nny dain, Petipa Grete aire cerita is dlr ita ive cin is of change nay ofthe te ouoree Tocxamine the eof depen apy stony ott time thee vaisle ere sr inn a atin mel ae fumerayiag covares. Specially depres a apathyi _— Lo be bE po Fg. end ane et ert eet ate fin SEE, Me Man Ste saint stcathisit wer allowed to coro witha ae depend ‘arable (ie soc cogaison cogation, depenense) att ‘ek Apathy wa meanied with thee ms Foe BDRS {hat woe sno previo tle together on ingle factor ‘tat was enctble frm te ems ued fo masse soi cognition in the cunt sudy (See Sesion 22 Mens. Depression wan raed te sel cognition a all bt tree ‘ate (btn stared cove ~ O17, P 005), fed war im general anrasted to copie or dependence (reine. py was reed cil cognition all ie xcept fee" the Saal Vist fmicine suncardzed atlnce = C28, P<001), wut ia geal w com dn, and rlacd incomlserly to dependence over tne More importers, whe hee waves were nce a ine ‘ang, the main fndge roping te loncipe be. secon toca sogting,copiten an dependence emized ‘tcharged, atte overall it ofthe adel Pecare poe namaste antes, we curiae exten 9 which he cureat nas were used the paca leas ‘petals in the sui copie inden Te doe, we roan the condional malivaraie medel caching “yet (fat mph he bered meeps (tied sc Rong pes Sent mat lest one of partcipatsat seine. Ress ‘wer unctnged when exclcig eter (0) Ineres i stab Sermenfdecened ability to alae to change (64%), (2) very ruben angered (474) o i) able to coated rotons (1G) Exch of the fur most common ‘Sener, crac i seleceneeese (804), ead in {Vcomreltion of general cognitive symptoms with social Cognitive sympioms, Results thas sggest ta nciding scl-cntcreess inthe linkable is dives ‘om general cognition, 028 pondycar, Apna qe a ie Tis possible tat socal copie deci reflst damage to spc brn regione cr network tat may tecore ‘Sonpeunsed ing the coun of AD cachasthe rb {dal PC ands projecting ites nthe sl ganglia and (Malanas [15.6], he anePer Cage (0) oF temporal= 7 a ia ope eee mince | 0 ie coe Bu Gk ame Gn Gos ie se eat foi! “eases Caves ase a Guns em aes can “om caer “ama awe etiam including the temporopuriet junction PY) [2037-28], Changes in poral, hee cnecied of sci copie symptom kave lng been persed in the entext ef tafe. compome and. teniromedil Caste lesions [tI], Move recent imaging work in beth healthy alte and. inves eh FID hoe renfored the me of orbtofrona ass for soil Copntiv abies elaing croton reception and ToM El Tren, owes, werk by Sane and colleagacs [37] highlight he imporance ofthe filatera TP in sp petng performance wectnely on To tack. Althagh {hemes PFC and pccuneus af actvatedéurng Tope ‘rman. these region ara ecuted by asks equiing (henna! tomate ancomeat ‘cae emt ‘whereas the TP is rca only caring the act GL rgeiing incndune to tend to anothers bal [TV] hee alta Reen sugges thatthe terior cingulate cortnitetes to social cogaition tuoagh the Hestiston fd subjective experience of erotion [3]. afd txealy Dopescd meet of sola cognitve dts eapases & Setwoekf stucturesicading the PPC jaa andtempe- ‘alle whch cra for aang the pproprintoun of cial content ace) To the enter thae degenerate proves fect ew eionsce he coresponing eis SAD diferent relavely gealer des In soil ‘egutlon maybe ely to are. Monover,cmpreie 10 ‘een ogee may fect ceiin oper il cup ‘Son moe than ther "The creat scaly examine the relewace of saci cognitive changes for dependence. an index of sexse Seventy. athe caret sy socal cogniton conebued [rac alse dependence coe ankponacatel fra eogation Mercer rte of change i cel option ‘Sled with rt of change in dependence aos pti oni mlepecentt tcf ger sopatoe change Ip “amy it eno he ease hat dependence wand Be elated aecessanly (oscil copniton, a he age maj of the DS items measure nace dependencies (Le. ase help ‘anager once format, baling cag toleting and 20 fr) nich soil copitne sympton Sppen to ave dint impbeatoms for primary dena ‘itcome via ute hat isseperae rom feces ef general ‘opnitve dec Ths ccatton consent wh fe wen ‘iat mulupe dscre ficients dase Seventy and open [101 } Using = Meet variable monclng Spproch in tv sorte spl of incivsnls wih AD, “Tmteerg and claus [] found thatthe model tha tes tthe dts che » general seul Facer ac tire sympiom factors, icing cognition unCOR, and tetuver. Thar is ahoagh there was a seemiaey common ‘taping dacanprocen asin et sed vance scr doretesympiom pe, cach at of syrploms abo ‘Sel ox cept cantnteindcpendety relat ford ‘neat of foal and suocorcal egions a ofenasocated ‘wil aeme mpal gence copntine ad functor dele [IST Moreover ind wth bebo arnt FID appear to decline mere qclly tae the wih ater ‘Sibipes of FID [ss stggesing th moleemere of {he ban fegions aor fence es tat unre sei opntive changes may feet a aggrecan of Grows, oF dnt font ibe Enlrement cold baten (Goon coune secondary to Behviea rleme tat muy lest ts auemneicaton or oer dillernces i opal of medical are [17 Howover the eventy of woe cogtive ‘Simpvans at baseline id no pede GM change Independence in individuals with AD the ip curese su ‘These agh such syptonns conbae to aed ack ‘ofutre dacae core andthissincontasto the preitive ality of gene cognitive symptoms fr change in depen ence. Te lack ofa predictive relationtip between soci give symptoms and lange in depenlenee was seme ‘gemtems in bth AD and ETD. However, ae mentioned corer, ino aecesly the eae tha cil ogre ‘omtoms in AD reflect prefontal compromise. as growing Mec inlets a me wierd ata of stuns ‘clas the TPS tht appar to be pice impo er “Teele hii nant cgi and gener cognitive changes AD. and ane {cor the reevaree ofeach apt of he seas roses for (eveLoTdependeRe Moves of dsease should conser soil ception and change in se symp ab sop ‘mc proceescontting ioaverall maker of vey sah {kpendence: Linon of te curent snc cade we a ‘erosive ease of social ogra th 5 () felts limited i scope lacking irforaton abut rai ange of secialy nappropriaebeasviers (1) sabjecie ar tee fone petctly illest by eager bis (i) taclenne of ‘ral common behaves im AD tht may have itd the petit thermeaver’ ac lacking fermen abort, esti, cbectnety menareble peste fsa engaon ‘netting ToM cr emotion recognion. for example. Howes~ te seca cogmty> inde compled fr the eutet sy sre fcr acy in wich dese ayy ca (Sha together and wore scprtle from crepe ported ‘reposted 10 genenl cognition, =p. and banc itt: Moreover athogh oietve mesre sf sil ogmtion prove nnbised formation ay cpr sa balnary raat by which caine deermbe te presence ‘of socal copave anges ina paler: Prvrmor, sl Sion in tin gions tht combate to socal eogaiton ‘Polaling the oben and medial oat cere, Sot een sheen to vay prnetrcaly wih objective ini of seca cognition. mln TEM and sujet ines sch ‘sa indiidaal's soil network tae susuesing ta these Aidereat aspects sci nay tae asa ual bss [38 Lan aldough ter were sve cam spay ‘pclaed i the sale (eg. catbormens easly ange. ‘Simp analysis ofthe ale append at omen these symptoms dd nt charge th creat eats a fa. enovalof one commoa symptom ii scFcentedees) re ‘NUCI inthe socian baween wc ceive sel pec ‘operas suggeing tat nnn sien in be SSSal cops inden eatonced ity indopendence. a= ‘ope daa were ot elle fo alin che ‘tesample.Avstch thre sar hat pacpats wt othr ows of demestia sac ws FID were tia nt stay (2539) Howeves previo invetgatens iy the Peden stuly have Gemomtracd tht the cagaons of AD as Coufned in ar mach 12 960 of valle portmorem Sagnotic evalution: 25.0). The investigation of oil ‘cognitive spt in this Inge longtacial coher of individuals wit AD complements the primary small experimen and case sues that hive euaed Hs wpe thes far wil Soporte for fare werk to inch ‘Sei coguie symptom ia model of nace along wth sportem of copniion,factnn, ar poche seeeeme Moving forward it will sls he mpi to determine te cece to wai socal cogine symplons a separable ‘Ham eval alton) al psa sya Ackeoledgments “The Friis ay i sept by « National Inte on ‘Aging (IA) gat (RDI AGWOTS70)t0 De Stor. Conn tino sapped by a Pal B. Beeson Carer Beelopmene ‘Award im ging (X23 AGUSINO9 Dr Zac espera tymIA grant (132 AGDNZ61). The plication we ako Sipponed by te Natoma Ceuer for Advancing Tame ‘onl Scene, Netanal lastest ells lous ae spo ULI TRIOODID), fomerly the National Center fr Research Resources (grant no ULI RRODISS) Systematic review: The accumalaed knomladge ‘elted othe foc of he cuentas wase ‘Shthed by a conpeehersne PubMed re search read to stl cogiion in Alzheimers ds case and rosie mporl deem. Intepcation: Cart findings sagged seca copntve changes in Alceimers dose ate mt Dyepradacts of cogiive change, ban repost = Alicint manifestation of dneane. Seon the pre fxce of sil cepntive charges retest Higher level of depenicoce at fndviual pois iv tne and ve tine These ings inp amie fons Ei copaton in mole of dace Fe distor: T exund these Sakgs, fate Sogtve deen nl ge ef genre time dcemnic the cucm wilh hea ane {Slows ofc ne npn ao er ‘Suluing the roe teecesabjctve td ‘SSpetne acl cpve cre nc tor ert fly whee thee dierent sesame tap na sir corso wate they cate ‘Seccane sicGea 1 Commie Aten & Dena 20) 1 ne pn a en {ep Fats Cine te ans nae Sagan a el get te Nn 30 (0) Sater Ree KP, Mie Sil pin. 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