!

,
, PhD
, ,

Good evening ladies and gentlemen. My name is Orson Welles. I am an actor.

I am a writer. I am a producer. I am a director. I am a magician. I appear on
stage and on radio. Why are there so many of me and so few of you? Orson
Welles

, ,
. , , , , . ,
, !
, ,
.

,
! ,
, ,
:
,
, ,
,

!
,
, ,
,
, .
,
,
,
, , !

[, , voice-over
, special-effect , , , ,
7.1 surround !],
,
!
, -
-
,

Citizen Kane (1941), ( )

!1

Metz says that sound is an adjective while vision is a noun [] For Metz, sounds
function as adjectives/verbs that point to and characterize substances that are visual
and properly named by nouns/gerunds. Edward Branigan
Mitry asserts that Visible complexity does not have an acoustic equivalent because
a film image is capable of reflecting the duality of being and seeming while sound
reflects only the latter (Mitry 1997: 244)
Why, in the case of the ear, is there withdrawal and turning inward, a making
resonant, but, in the case of the eye, there is manifestation and display, a making
evident? . . . Shouldnt truth itself, as transitivity and incessant transition of a
continual coming and going, be listened to rather than seen? (Nancy 2007: 34)
When a sound can replace an image, cut the image or neutralize it. The ear goes more
towards the within, the eye towards the outer (Bresson 1997: 61).

(3:12)
Tristana (1970) Luis Bunuel,


Tristana:
:

Fernando Ray
( ,
, )
,
,


.
,


!
1

, Citizen Kane
1 AFI's Best Movies, 1 ( Vertigo (1958)
Alfred Hitchcock)
Sight & Sound 2012.

 (disjunction), Bunuel
, ( , ),
, ,
20 ( ),
. , ,
!
. ,
, ,
: Y !
, ! ,

,
! soundtrack,
Michel Chion (Chion 2009: 226). ,
&
sound design.
, ,
( ,
,
).
,
,
(
),
,2
main-stream ,
: Eisenstein,3 Vertov,4 Hitchcock,
Bunuel, Welles, Kurosawa, Kubrick, Antonioni,
Bresson, Tati, Godard, Resnais, Marker, Tarkovsky, Altman, Coppola, Lynch ..

Louis-Albert Serrut ( ),
: , , ,
( )
Godard.
3
: Belton, John. (ed.) Film Sound: Theory and Practice. Columbia Un. Press. 1985,
/ (
) Eisenstein,
Pudovkin, Alexandrov.
4
Entuziazm (1930): Vertov , ,
,
Donbass ( ).

 , , Orson Welles
, Citizen Kane (1941). Kane,
. Citizen Kane
, 1967 Francois
Truffaut Citizen Kane: The Fragile Giant
.

(
), Welles (1915-85).

(1931), (1936-1938)
. 1938
CBS Mercury Theatre Company John Houseman 1937.
, Bernard Herrman (
CBS)
. Welles ( 30
1938),
H. G.
Wells
(1898),




(

,
Princeton, ..)

(New Jersey)


!

,

,
Welles .
5 RKO6 Citizen Kane
5

,
"Heart of Darkness" Joseph Conrad (
, , camera p.o.v. ,
: Marlow Kurtz) , "The Smiler with a Knife"
RKO. George Schaefer , ,
. ,
Welles, Chaplin , , ,
.

 ,

.
Citizen Kane
1. , Welles
,
, ,

. Colorado, Kane
(18:58).
2. (Overlapping dialogue):
, .
3. ,
:
Kane, Fatcist, Fascist (7:35),
Leland roumatism rheumatism.
4. J-Cut: ,
Godard 70 [Sauve qui peut
(la vie), , 1979)].
5. : .. Suzan
Kane,
!
.
6. Lightning-mix: ,
,
.7
7. Rebecca Welles ,
:
.
, Rebecca, ,
, (
) .
8. H : Kane
Thatcher Inquirer,
Kane ,
Thatcher, :
Thatcher: ; Kane: ,
Kane:

.
6

,
Orson Welles .
7
Lightning-mix: serials,
: (1992-2004), (1997-99) ..

9. : sequence News on the March Citizen

Kane Welles
War of the Worlds: Kane
,

War of the Worlds.

,
! , Kane
. , Kane
Farsist .
10.
: Thatcher
Kane,
, (/)
, Thatcher
,
. , Kane
(/),
, . T :
,
Kane : ! ! (/ ).
11. , Bernard Herrmann
,

:
Breakfast Kane
Suzan!

Citizen Kane
1. ,
Kane ,
film-noir
Bernard
Herrmann.
extreme close up Kane,
: Rosebud
.
2. Lightning-mix: (23:18- 24:47)
Colorado,

/ Kane Chicago
Thatcher. extreme close up
Thatcher Kane ,

3.

4.

5.

6.

: Merry Christmas, And a happy new Year,
Thatcher
Kane
. light-motif
, Thatcher ,
Inquirer, Kane
Inquirer, !
(
Kane),
() .
, ,
,

Rolston (
), newsreel
,
Kane,
!
H



film-noir ,
soundtrack,
!
Kane Carter
Inquirer, . ,
( )
Carter : Carter
Kane ,
Leland & Bernstein
,
.
(, ..) !

Inquirer ( ,
Carter) (special effect)
flash-back , Kane
,
!
Kane
.
O Kane ,
! ( Leland &
Bernstein) (;),

 ( &
/ )!
7. dissolve
Chronicle (

( ).
8. Inquirer,

8 ( Kane Bernstein),
,

. Kane

, ( Leland &
Bernstein, )
.
9. sequence
Kane Emily , ,
, ,
,
, ,
( Kane Inquirer Emily Chronicle)!
10. (1:00:36) Suzan ( )
, Kane

Leland
Kane,
Kane
Leland,

!


Kane
bigger than life ! :
!
11. Suzan
Kane: ( ),
,
,
! (
Kane )
180 ..
, camera
() .
.
8

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

,
Xanadu.

, -,
, Suzan ( ),
Suzan ,
( ) ,

, (
, /)!! ,
.9
(1:35:20) H
! (/)
Suzan ,
, (
). ,
.
H Suzan,
Kane /, anadu.10
Kane Suzan,
(/) ,
.

( Thompson Rosebud
Kane,
club ,
).
,

Suzan: , .
Kane,

!
,
Kane ,
! Kane

Herrmann
, Welles, Susan
Alexander , Aria from Salammb,
, ,

.
10
Xanadu: Coleridge Kubla Khan
Kane: In Xanadu did Kubla Khan/A stately pleasure dome decree: .../So twice five miles of
fertile ground/With walls and towers were girdled round.

17.

18.

19.

20.

Suzan ,
Kane !

Suzan, Kane .

(/ ), , ,
!
Suzan Kane, o
.

(/
)

Rosebud, MacGuffin ,
(
vs )

!
( /
Kane )
Suzan
Kane!

,


flashback .
Suzan . Leland
, ,
,
Kane. Bernstein
( Kane) ,
. ,
Kane :

.

newsreel !
Carter
Inquirer. ,
Inquirer , , ,
, , , ,
(, ;!).

Orson Welles, (:
Godard flamboyant

10

) ,
, . ,
,
Citizen Kane,
Welles , , ,
,
.

Altman, Rick. Sound Theory, Sound Practice. New York: Routledge, 1992.
----(edit) Yale French Studies # 60, Cinema/sound special issue, 1980.
----Deep-Focus Sound: Citizen Kane and the Radio Aesthetic. Quarterly Review of Film and
Video, 15: 133. Print, 1994.
Belton, John. (ed.) Film Sound: Theory and Practice. Columbia Un. Press, 1985.
Bresson, Robert. Notes on Cinematography. Trans. Jonathan Griffin. Urizen Books New York,
1997.
Brophy, Philip: (edit) Cinesonic: The World of Sound in Film. Sidney: AFTRS Publications,
1999.
Branigan, Edward. Soundtrack in Mind. Projections: The Journal for Movies & Mind; June
2010, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p 41.
Cameron, E William. (edit) Sound and the cinema : the coming of sound to American film)
Pleasantville, N.Y. : Redgrave Publ. Company, 1980.
Chion, Michel. Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen. Claudia Gorbman, ed. and trans. New York:
Columbia University Press, 2009.
----The Voice in Cinema. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
Kozloff, Sarah: Overhearing Film Dialogue. Univ. California Press, 2000.
Serrut, Louis-Albert. Jean-Luc Godard: Cinaste acoustician. Editions L'Harmattan: (March 1,
2011).
, . Nouvelle Vague. .
. . , 2014, . 496, . 4. ..
Truffaut, Francois. Citizen Kane: The Fragile Giant The Films in My Life. Da Capo, New
York, p. 279. 1994.
Zaza, Anthony James. Audio Design: The Narrative Functions of Sound. Beverly Hills,
California: Moss Publications,1985.
Zettl, Herbert. Sight Sound Motion. Applied Media Aesthetics. Belmont, California: Wadsworth,
1999.

11