Section 5 API 652 Practice Questions

Subject API RP 652
Lining Aboveground Tanks
Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
1
Section 4 - Corrosion Mechanisms

1. Several common mechanisms of internal storage tank bottom corrosion are listed in API652. Which of the following is not a common corrosion mechanism?
a) Galvanic cell corrosion
b) Concentration cell corrosion
c) Chloride stress corrosion
d) Corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria
Reference: API-652, Paragraph 4.1
2. Product cleanup tanks, chemical storage tanks, and wastewater treatment tanks may be
susceptible to which type of corrosion?
a) Galvanic cell corrosion
b) Chemical corrosion
c) Erosion-corrosion
d) Concentration cell corrosion
3. Concentration cell corrosion will most likely result in which of the following conditions?
a) Pitting and possibly significant localized metal loss
b) Pitting and possibly uniform metal loss over a large area
c) Pitting and possibly the loss of external cathodic protection
d) Pitting and possibly grooving of the outer perimeter of the tank bottom
4. Pitting caused by concentration cell corrosion of a bare steel tank bottom may be as high
as
a) 20 mils per year
b) 40 mils per year
c) 60 mils per year
d) 80 mils per year
5. What is another name for the thin layer of oxide found on the surface of hot-rolled carbon
steel, typically used for the construction of petroleum storage tanks?
a) Patina
b) Iron oxide
c) Mill scale
d) Rust
API-653 Exam Prep Course
BAY Technical Associates, Inc.
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
2
6. With regard to galvanic cell corrosion, what adverse affect could the large differences in
the microstructure of steel bottom plates caused by welding have?
a) They can provide a built in area of localized cracking
b) They can provide a built in stress concentration
c) They can provide a built in break in the external cathodic protection
d) They can provide a built in galvanic couple
7. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SBR) corrosion is universally recognized. The physical
presence of bacterial deposits can promote aggressive _________ mechanism.
a) Uniform metal loss over a wide area similar to erosion-corrosion
b) Pitting by corrosion similar to concentration cell corrosion
c) Pitting by corrosion similar to Chemical corrosion
d) Pitting by corrosion similar to galvanic cell corrosion
8. SBR colonies derive energy from the reduction of sulfates to sulfide which _______.
a) Promotes the appearance of a non-corrosive coating
b) Promotes the natural corrosion inhibitors of the steel plates
c) Is corrosive to steel
d) Is non-corrosive to steel
9. Iron sulfide corrosion is _____ to the base steel and may promote pitting by a galvanic
corrosion mechanism.
a) An anode
b) Ionic
c) Cationic
d) Cathodic
10. Erosion-corrosion may occur in wastewater treating or mixing tanks where ___ is present
a) Sulfate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic condition
b) Soil or small abrasive aggregate
c) Sulfuric acid or ballast water
d) An anode or cathode
11. Erosion-corrosion causes ______.
a) Scattered pitting in a random pattern
b) High localized metal loss in a random pattern
c) Scattered pitting in a well defined pattern
d) High localized metal loss in a well defined pattern
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
3
Answers to API-652 Section 4, Corrosion Mechanisms

Question Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Answer
C
B
A
D
C
D
B
C
D
B
D
Should you find a mistake or disagree with any answer listed, please bring it to our attention
for correction or clarification.
BAY Technical Associates, Inc. has attempted to provide answers developed from paragraphs
of the respective Code, Standard, or Recommended Practice.
You can reach BAY Tech by phone at (610) 594-9036, by fax at (610) 594-2612, or by
e-mail at byagle@gte.net.
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
4
Section 5 - Determination of the Need for Tank Bottom Lining

1. Aboveground storage tank bottoms are usually fabricated from ____ inch thick carbon
steel plate.
a) 1
b) 3/4
c) 1/2
d) 1/4
2. Annular floor plates of storage tanks are frequently ____ to ___ inch thick.
a) 1/4 to 1/2
b) 1/2 to 3/4
c) 3/4 to 1
d) to 1-1/4
3, The need for an internal tank bottom lining in an aboveground storage tank is generally
based upon several considerations. Which of the following would not be a consideration
in determining the need for tank bottom lining?
a) Tank design
b) Environmental considerations
c) Method of external cathodic protection employed
d) Federal, state, and local regulations
4. Internal tank bottom lining may be necessary if the minimum thickness is less than:
a) 0.010 inch
b) 0.100 inch
c) 1.000 inch
d) 0.1875 inch
5. Of the following what would not be considered important to consider when determining
the need for tank bottom lining?
a) Where is the corrosion
b) What type of corrosion is occurring
c) How high is the design fill level
d) What is the corrosion rate
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
5
6. Flexing of the steel tank bottom may cause ______.

a) An internal bottom lining to fail by cracking
b) An internal bottom lining to fail by tearing
c) An internal bottom lining to fail by blistering
d) An internal bottom lining to fail by separating from the bottom plate
Reference: API-652, Paragraph 5.4.1
7. In old tanks, which of the following may complicate the problem of poor coverage?
a) The diameter of the tank
b) The thickness of the tank bottom
c) Uneven settlement of the tank bottom
d) Chemical contaminants
8. A properly applied internal bottom lining provides leak prevention by _______.
a) Creating a cathodic protection barrier on the internal surface
b) Enhancing the effectiveness of the external cathodic protection system
c) Limiting internal corrosion of the steel tank bottom
d) Limiting internal corrosion of the support columns and landing pads
9. In setting priorities for the application of linings to the bottom of aboveground storage
tanks, which of the following does not need to be considered?
a) The potential for groundwater contamination
b) Type of external cathodic protection system
c) Presence of secondary containment and leak detection systems
d) Location of facility
10. A properly applied tank bottom lining may provide ___ years of service life in a
particular product.
a) 20 to 30
b) 10 to 20
c) 5 to 10
d) 1 to 5
11. A lining that has provided adequate protection in one product may not provide the same
level of protection for another product.
a) True
b) False
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
6
Answers to API-652 Section 5, Determination of the Need for Tank Bottom

Lining
Question Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Answer
D
A
C
B
C
A
D
C
B
B
A
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
7
Section 6 - Tank Bottom Lining Selection

1. Thin film linings are typically what thickness?
a) 20 mils or less
b) 30 mils or less
c) 40 mils or less
d) 50 mils or less
2. Thick film linings are typically what thickness?
a) Greater than 20 mils
b) Greater than 30 mils
c) Greater than 40 mils
d) Greater than 50 mils
3. Why must all linings be resistant to water?
a) Water must be present at the tank bottom to act as a shield between the stored
product and the lining
b) Water must be present at the tank bottom to prevent contamination of the soil
should a leak occur. The water will be detect before any product leakage
c) Water must be present at the tank bottom for electrochemical corrosion to occur
d) Water must be present at the tank bottom for electromotive corrosion to occur
4. Which of the following type of lining would be used for a tank bottom containing water,
distillates, crude, and gasoline at 195F
a) Thin-film Coal tar epoxy
b) Thick film isophthalic polyester
c) Thick film epoxy
d) Thin film epoxy with an amine curative
Reference: API-652, Paragraph 6.2 and Table 1
5. What are two advantages of thin-film linings?
a) Lower cost and can be used to cover very irregular surfaces
b) Lower cost and ease of application
c) Lower cost and surface preparation is not critical
d) Requires no special training and lower cost
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
8
6. Which of the following type of lining wold be used for a tank bottom containing water,
crude oil, distillates, and gasoline at 150F
a) Thin film coal tar
b) Thick film vinyl ester
c) Thin film epoxy with a polyamide curative
d) Thick film isophthalic polyester
Reference: API-652, Paragraph 6.3 and Table 2
7
Thick-film linings are commonly reinforced with which of the following?

a) Sand and small diameter gravel
b) Copper wire, stainless steel wire, and low alloy steel mesh fabric
c) Chopped PVC piping, copped ABS piping, and Resin beads
d) Glass flake, chopped glass fibers, and organic fibers

8. One advantage of thick-film lining is _________.
a) It can provide a good surface to attach internal corrosion monitoring devices
b) It can provide sufficient strength to bridge over large perforations in the tank
bottom
c) It can provide sufficient strength to bridge over small perforation in the tank
bottom
d) It can provide sufficient strength to prevent leakage should the tank bottom
completely corrode away
9. Special consideration must be given to what area of the tank bottom with regard to thickfilm lining?
a) The center because this is the area that will be subjected to the most stress
b) The critical zone
c) Any butt weld joints in the tank bottom
d) The coving at the transition from the tank bottom to the shell
10. What are two disadvantages of thick-film linings?
a) They are more expensive than thin-film linings and require more time to apply
b) They are available in only one color and require more time to apply
c) They are more expensive and require a curative
d) They are more expensive and require high temperature airflow for curing
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
9
11. Storage tank bottom linings generally cover the entire tank bottom and extend ________
up the shell of the tank.
a) 12 to 18 inches
b) 18 to 24 inches
c) 24 to 30 inches
d) 30 to 36 inches
12. For thin-film lining systems, application of ______ coats is often required to achieve the
desired film thickness
a) 7 to 8
b) 5 to 6
c) 1 to 4
d) 2 to 3
13. For thick-film lining systems, ______ coats may be required to obtain the thickness of the
desired lining.
a) 5 to 8
b) 2 to 3
c) 1 to 4
d) 3 to 7
14. When only internal corrosion is taking place, regardless of the age of the tank, ______
thick linings may be used.
a) 80 to 120 mil
b) 55 to 80 mil
c) 35 to 55 mil
d) 10 to 35 mil
15. What type and thickness of lining can be used for older tank bottoms that have corroded
both internally and externally?
a) Glass reinforced - 80 to 120 mil
b) Glass reinforced - 55 to 80 mil
c) Glass reinforced - 35 to 55 mil
d) Glass reinforced - 10 to 35 mil
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
10
16. Besides the corrosion history and the potential for corrosion, what two exceptional
circumstances must be taken into account during the selection o a tank bottom lining?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Specific gravity of the product and elevated temperature

Product purity and fill/empty cycles
Elevated temperatures and product purity
Elevated temperatures and product viscosity
Answers to API-652 Section 6, Tank Bottom Lining Selection

Question Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Answer
A
A
C
D
B
D
D
C
D
A
B
D
C
C
A
C
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
11
Section 7 - Surface Preparation

1. What is meant by "anchor pattern" as it pertains to surface preparation for tank bottom
lining?
a) The grid pattern of mechanical fixtures that hold the lining in place
b) The grid pattern of adhesive use to hold the lining to the tank bottom
c) The surface profile or roughness
d) The grid pattern of the bottom plate to plate welds
2. Abrasive blast cleaning to a ______ finish is often specified as the minimum degree of
surface cleanliness.
a) White metal
b) Near white metal
c) Smooth metal
d) Rough
3. To facilitate inspection and to ensure good adhesion of the lining, surface preparation
should extend _______ beyond the area to be lined.
a) Several inches
b) Several feet
c) Not less than 6 inches
d) Not less than 12 inches
4. What is the preferred technique for the repair of perforations of the tank bottom?
a) Thread the perforation and install a suitable pipe plug
b) Install an entirely new tank bottom over the old bottom
c) Fill the perforation with amber acrylic
d) Welding of steel patches
5. Abrasive blasting should not be performed if the temperature of the steel surface is less
than _____ above the dew point or if the humidity is greater than ______ percent.
a) 10F - 80
b) 5F - 80
c) 15F - 80
d) 25F - 80
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
12
6. The anchor pattern typically required for linings is ____ and generally increases with the
thickness of the lining.
a) 3.5 to 6 mils
b) 2.5 to 5 mils
c) 1.5 to 4 mils
d) 0.5 to 3 mils
7. What is the problem with having small mounts of contaminants such as dirt, clay, watersoluble salts, or oil in the abrasive used for storage tank bottom cleaning?
a) This contamination in small amounts will not affect the quality and service life of
the lining
b) This contamination in small amounts will cause ripples in the lining surface
c) This contamination in small amounts will cause the abrasive material to stick
together and clog the cleaning equipment
d) This contamination in small amounts will reduce the useful life of the lining
Answers to API-652 Section 7, Surface Preparation

Question Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Answer
C
B
A
D
B
C
D
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
13
Section 8 - Lining Application

1. For thick-film linings, the manufacturer may specify that the prime coat be applied at a
film thickness less than that of the anchor pattern. Why is it important to follow these
requirements?
a) Failure to follow these requirements could result in the nullification of the lining
warranty
b) Failure to follow these requirements could result in the lining cracking at the first
filling of the tank
c) Failure to follow these requirements could result in disbonding or delamination of
the lining
d) Failure to follow these requirements could result in pitting of the lining surface
2. What should be done if there are differences between the owner's specifications and the
lining manufacturer's recommendations?
a) These differences should be resolved prior to beginning the job
b) These differences should be resolved at each step to see which is more
advantageous
c) Disregard the manufacturer's recommendations
d) Disregard the owner's specifications
3. As a general rule, the temperature of the steel surface should be ____ and the humidity
should be _______ during the application and curing of the lining.
a) 25F above the dew point - below 80%
b) 5F above the dew point - below 80%
c) 5F below the dew point - above 80%
d) 5F above the dew point - above 80%
4. What is a common cause of failure of thick-film lining systems?
a) Abrasive blasting to a white metal finish
b) Abrasive blasting to a near white metal finish
c) Primer coating at a thickness less than the anchor pattern
d) Excess primer thickness
5. What two factors are the major causes of premature lining failure?
a) Forced curing and improper application
b) Improper application and inadequate curing
c) Abrasive blasting to white metal finish and inadequate curing
d) Abrasive blasting to white metal finish and improper application
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
14
Answers to API-652 Section 8, Lining Application

Question Number
1
2
3
4
5
Answer
C
A
B
D
B
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
15
Section 9 - Inspection
1. To ensure the lining meets the specification, it should be inspected during ___ and ___.
a) Application and at the next scheduled internal inspection; not to exceed 20 years
b) Application and at the next scheduled internal inspection; not to exceed 10 years
c) Application and at the next scheduled internal inspection; not to exceed 5 years
d) Application and upon completion of the work
2. All lining inspectors should demonstrate a thorough knowledge of lining and coating
practices or be _____ certified.
a) National Board
b) API-510
c) NACE
d) API-653
3. How is holiday testing of thick film linings accomplished?
a) Holiday testing of thick film linings shall be carried out with a low-voltage
detector in accordance with NACE RP-01-88
b) Holiday testing of thick film linings shall be carried out with a high-voltage
c) Holiday testing of thick film linings shall be carried out with a low-wattage
d) Holiday testing of thick film linings shall be carried out with an infrared detector
in accordance with NACE RP-01-88
Answers to API-652 Section 9, Inspection

Question Number
1
2
3
Answer
D
C
B
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
16
Section 10 - Repair of Tank Bottom Linings

1. A service life of ______ years should be expected from a properly selected and applied
lining system.
a) 10 to 20
b) 15 to 30
c) 20 to 30
d) 25 to 30
2. When should repairs to the tank be accomplished when it is necessary to make repairs to
the lining?
a) All repairs to the tank should be completed immediately after lining repairs to
permit proper curing
b) All repairs to the tank should be completed only after the lining repair has had
time to cure
c) All repairs to the tank should be completed prior to any repair of the lining
d) All repairs to the tank should be started before the repair of the lining and finished
as soon as the work on the lining is complete.
3. Before deciding how to repair a lining, the cause and extent must be established. In
addition, what three possible failure modes must be considered as possible causes of
lining failure?
a) Environmental, mechanical, cathodic protection
b) Mechanical, improper installation, environmental
c) Improper installation, wrong inspection technique, environmental
d) Mechanical, environmental, placement of galvanic anodes
4. Of the following, which is not one of the three basic types of lining repair?
a) Top-coating of an existing lining
b) Complete relining
c) Spot repairs
d) Installing metallic plugs in lining breaks
5. Who should be consulted to access the compatibility of new coats with existing lining in
the top-coating repair method?
a) The API-653 Inspector
b) The owner or operator
c) The lining manufacturer
d) NACE RP-01-84
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
17
Answers to API-652 Section 10, Repair of Tank Bottom Linings

Question Number
1
2
3
4
5
Answer
A
C
B
D
C
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
18
Section 11 - Safety
1. In addition to proper safe work procedures and training of employees, what else is
required prior to the application of internal tank linings?
a) Provision of the necessary supervision and/or inspection before and after the job
is done
b) Provision of the necessary supervision and/or inspection prior to the start of the
lining application
c) Provision of the necessary supervision and/or inspection throughout the progress
of the job
d) Provision of the necessary supervision and/or inspection provided by the
employee with the most experience
2. All necessary precautions to protect _____ shall be taken prior to entry of and while
working in a storage tank.
a) The thick film tank bottom lining
b) Personnel
c) Any cathodic protection system
d) The environment
3. Working in a petroleum storage tank presents certain hazards. Which of the following
would not be a hazard associated with this activity?
a) Drowning
b) Respiratory
c) Fire
d) Explosion
4. In order to properly protect themselves, employees should consult ______.
a) Their immediate supervisor
b) The owner/operator's specifications
c) Previous inspection reports
d) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
General note to participants: The purpose of an MSDS is to tell the worker:
a) A material's physical properties which make is hazardous to handle
b) The type of personal protective equipment needed
c) The first aid treatment is exposed to a hazard
d) The planning needed for safely handling normal operation, as well as emergencies
such as spills and fires
e) The appropriate response to accidents
The applicable MSDS should be consulted prior to conducting any work
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
19
Answers to API-652 Section 11, Safety

Question Number
1
2
3
4
Answer
C
B
A
D
(610) 594-9036
Subject API RP 652

Issue Date
03/98
Revision Date
01/99
Page
20
(610) 594-9036

Section 5 API 652 Practice Questions

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Section 5 API 652 Practice Questions

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Subject API RP 652

Lining Aboveground Tanks

Section 4 - Corrosion Mechanisms

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Answers to API-652 Section 4, Corrosion Mechanisms

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Section 5 - Determination of the Need for Tank Bottom Lining

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

6. Flexing of the steel tank bottom may cause ______.

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Answers to API-652 Section 5, Determination of the Need for Tank Bottom

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Section 6 - Tank Bottom Lining Selection

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Thick-film linings are commonly reinforced with which of the following?

Reference: API-652, Paragraph 6.3

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Specific gravity of the product and elevated temperature

Reference: API-652, Paragraph 6.5

Answers to API-652 Section 6, Tank Bottom Lining Selection

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Section 7 - Surface Preparation

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Answers to API-652 Section 7, Surface Preparation

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Section 8 - Lining Application

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Answers to API-652 Section 8, Lining Application

API-653 Exam Prep Course

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Answers to API-652 Section 9, Inspection

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Section 10 - Repair of Tank Bottom Linings

BAY Technical Associates, Inc.

Subject API RP 652

Answers to API-652 Section 10, Repair of Tank Bottom Linings