Key to exercises 1 The sentence 1.1 Sentence word order 1.14 The basic word order of an English sentence Write 1: 11S John Bailey Vhas set anew high-jump record 2S The passportofficer Vexamined Othe passport. 3S Thedogs Vdon'tlike O these biscuits. 4S The shop assistant Vis wrapping O the parcel 5 S The visitors Vhave seen Othe new buildings. 6 SMy father V didn't wash © the dishes. 7 S The plumber Vis going to fix O the pipe. BVWill Sthe goalkeeper Veatch Othe ball? 9 VHas S the quest Venjoyed 0 the meal? 10 Sohn Vcan'tplay Othe game. Write 2: 1S The children V slept Til 11 o'clock this morning 2SHe Vethrew Othe papers. P into the bin. 3S1 Vdon'tspeak O English M well 4SMrs Jones Vhides Ohermoney P under the bed. 5S You Vdidn't pack 0 this suitcase Mcaretuly 6 SI Viet Osomemoney Pon this shelt T this morning. (orT This morning $1 Viet Osome money Pon this shelt.) 7SYou Vilhavetoget Oaloan P fromthe bank. 8S The phone W/O woke me up Tin the middle of the night (or: inthe middie of the night $ the phone Vi woke me up.) 9S You Vshouldn'twalk Pinthe park Tat right, 10S You Vshould eat O your food M slowly. 11 SMytorm Vbegins Tin October 1281 Vread Oyourarticle M quickly Pin bed_T last night (or:T Last night $1 Vread © your article Maquickly Pin bed.) 1.18 The forms of a sentence 1 Don't sil the cotee. © 2 Have you seen today's papers? —_(Q) 3 How nice to meet you! © 4 Where did you put my umbrella? (Q) 5 The train arrived fiteen minutes late (s) 6 The plane wont arrive on time. (8) 7 I can't pay this electricity bill, rs) 8 Please open the door for me. © 9 ‘Where's the nearest hotel?’ he asked, @ 10 ‘I can't pay the bill he cre. © 1.1C Context 1 I parked my car in the centre of the village. 2 | saw an old man near a bus stop. 3 ‘What a beautiful vilage!’ | exclaimed. 4 "How many people live here? 5 ‘There are seventeen people,’ the old man said. 6 ‘How long have you lived here? 7 ‘Ihave lived here all my if." 8 ‘i's a quiet sor of place, isnt i?” 9 We live a quiet lite here, 10 We don't have a cinema or a theatre. 11 Our school was closed five years ago. 12 We have only one shop. 13 Abus calls once a day. 14 The Romans came here in 55 B.C. 16 Since then nothing has happened, 1.2 The simple sentence: verbs with and without objects 1.2A What is a complete sentence? The following need ticks: 2,5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20. 1.28 Verbs with and without objects Possible answers for those verbs that need an object. ‘contains pencils 4 ringing the doorbell Sneedarest 7hithim 8 beat the other team ‘9 opened the fridge 18 This sentence could be complete, or we could say e.g. | began my work. Beenjoy the film? 253,Key 1204.58 1.2€ Sentences with linking verbs like ‘be’ and. con Possible answers tall (adjective) 2a teacher (noun) 3 sour (adjective) 4 in the garden (phrase of place) at 6.30 (phrase of ime) _ 6 mine (possessive pronoun) 7 like his grandfather (prepositional phrase) 8 (too) loud (adjective) 9 a nice person (adjective + noun) 10 a lawyer (noun) 1.20 Context 1 My son Tim attends the local school. 2 My wite and | went to his school yesterday. (or: Yesterday, ..) 3 We spoke to hs teachers. 4 We collected Tim's school report 55 Tim's report wasn't very good. 6 His marks were low in every subject. 7 Tim was waiting anxiously for us outside. 8 How was my report” he asked eagerly. 9 ‘itwasn't very good,’ I said 10 “You must try harder. 11 That boy Ogiivy seems very clever. 12 He got good marks in all subjects.” 13 ‘Ogivy has clever parents,’ Tim said 1.3 The simple sentence: direct and indirect objects 1.34 Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object: ‘Show me that photo" 1 Please find them for mePlease find me them. 2 Please buy one for him./Please buy him one. 3 Please pass it to me./Please pass me it 44 Please show it to her /Please show her i. 5 Please do it for me. (Not *Do me it") 6 Please order one for me./Please order me one. 1.38 Verb + object + ‘to’ + noun or pronoun: “Explain it to me’ this camera to the Customs 2 me to your friend your friend to me 3 what you ike tome 4 this idea fo you Shis crime to the police 6 this to anyone 7 this man tome 8 this to anyone 9 this to the headmaster 10 what | told you to anyone 1.3C The two meanings of ‘tor’ instead of: 2, 4,6, 7,8 for yourimy benefit: 1, 3, 5, 8. 10 1.30 Context The following need ticks: 1 buy me an expensive Uniform 5 write our parents a letter 7 lend anyone anything 8 give help to each other 254 1.4 The compound sentence 1.48 The form of a compound sentence Write 1: 1... and complained about them. 2 but(she) didn't leave a message. 3 | can either leave now, or (I can) stay for another hour. 4 Jim not only built his own house, but (he) designed ithimselt as wel, 5 | neither know nor care what happened to him. 6 very well, but (he) hasn't much experience Write 2: 1. at the station and two men 2 Either you can give me some advice, or your colleague can.(Either you or your colleague can...) 3 ... butit didn't stop. 44. when we called, so we left a message 5... after the film, so we went straight back. 6 -.. was nervous, for she wasn't used to strangers calling late at right. 7 ...im the country, but my parents 8. has been lost, or the postman has 9 |. was visible, and then a cloud covered it. 10 .. career woman, yet her mother 1.48 Context Yand 2and Sand aswell Sand 6but Tyet Beither Yor for and 12and 1Sbut 14and 1.5 The complex sentence: noun clauses 1.5A Introduction to complex sentences 1 You can tell me all about the film 2 ... you can help me withthe dishes. 3 You didn't tell me 44 I walk to work every morning 5 ... left a message on the answer-phone, 1.5B Noun clauses derived from statements 1 (that) he feels angry. 2 (that) she has resigned from her job. 3 (that) you don't trust me. 4 (that) you are feeling better. 5 (that) she's upset. 6 (that) he didn't get the contract 7 (thal) it's a fair price, 8 (thal) you'e leaving, 9 (that) she's been a fool1.5C Noun clauses derived from questions 1 itiwnether he has passed his exam. 2 ittwhether you can (or could) type. 3 itiwhether he will arive tomorrow. 4 itiwhether he likes ice-cream. 5 itiwhether he was at home yesterday. 6 ittwnether | should phone her. 7 ittwhether she’s ready. 8 when you met her. 9 how you will manage, 10 why he has left 11 where you live. 12 which one she wants. 13 who's at the door. 14 what he wants. 1.8D Context 11 you know 2 you can turn into superwoman or superman 3 that her baby nearly slipped under the wheels of a car. 4 she lifted the car (fo save her baby) 5 that he jumped nearly three metres into the air 6 if you can perform such feats. 7 that you can. 4 that wo can find great reserves of strength 9 that adrenalin can tum us into superwomen or supermen! 1.6 The complex sentence: relative pronouns and clauses. 1.6A ‘Who’, ‘which’ and ‘that’ as subjects of a relative clause the accountant who does my accounts. the nurse who looked after me. the postcards which arrived yesterday. the secretaries who work in our office the magazine which arrived this moming. the workmen who repaired our root. 1.68 'Who(m), ‘which’ and ‘that’ as objects of a relative clause 1... the accountant who(m) you recommended ../ the accountant you recommended ... 2 ... the nurse who(m) | saw at the hospital. the nurse | saw 3 ... the postcards which I sent from Spain’... the Postcards | sent 4... the secretaries who(m) Mr Pym employed. the secretaries Mr Pym employed. the magazine which I got... the magazine | got the workmen who(m) | paid Paid 5 6 the workmen 1 Key 1504.78 7... the dog which I saw ./.. the dog | saw 8 the birds which I fed._/. the birds I fed 1.8€ ‘Who(m)’, ‘which’ or ‘that’ as the objects of prepositions a He's the man to whom I sent the money. 'b He's the man who(m)ithat | sent the money to. © He's the man | sant the money to. 2a She's the nurse to whom | gave the tlowers. 'b She's the nurse who(m)that | gave the flowers to. ‘¢ She's the nurse | gave the flowers to 3a That's the chair on which | sat. 'b Thats the chair which hat | sat on. fe That's the chair | sat on 4a He's the boy for whom | bought this toy. 'b He's the boy who{myithat | bought this toy for. ¢ He's the boy | bought this toy for. 5a That's the building by which | passed, 'b Thats the building whichithat | passed by. ¢ That's the building | passed by. 6a They're the shops from which | got these. 'b They're the shops whichithat | got these from. ¢ They're the shops | got these from. 1.60 Context twho 2() 3who 4() 1.7 The complex sentence: ‘whose’ defining/non-defining clauses 1.7A ‘Whose’ + noun in relative clauses 1... the customer whose address | lost 2 "the novelist whose book won first prize. 3. the children whose team won the match. 4. the expert whose advice we want 5... the witness whose evidence led to his arrest 66... the woman whose house the film was made in in whose house the film was made. 1.78 Defining and non-detining clauses ‘Commas are necessary in these sentences: ‘1 My husband, who is on a business trip to Rome all this week, 4 The author Barbara Branwoll, whose latest novel hhas already sold over a milion copies, 6 The play Cowards, which opens at the Globe 9 The manager, whom i complained to about the service, 10 Sally West, whose work for the deaf made her famous,