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IFA a ra mc chun so snh hiu qu nng lng ca cc nh my

amonic
Hin nay nhiu nh my sn xut phn bn trn th gii vn p dng nhng cng ngh
c, lc hu, tiu hao nhiu nng lng v pht tn nhiu cht thi nh hng n mi
trng. V vy, chng cn phi c trang b nhng cng ngh tin tin hn. Trong bi cnh
ny, Hip hi Phn bn quc t (IFA) nghin cu v a ra mc chun so snh nh
gi hiu qu nng lng ti cc nh my sn xut amonic.
Sn xut phn bn chim khong 1,2% tng tiu th nng lng hng nm trn ton th
gii. Trong tiu th nguyn liu v nhin liu chim khong 94% tng nhu cu tiu th
nng lng ca ton ngnh. Phn ln nguyn liu (thng l kh thin nhin) c tiu th
trong qu trnh tng hp amonic, l qu trnh din ra nhit cao vi s c mt ca cc
cht xc tc.
IFA thc hin cuc nghin cu mc chun so snh bng cch thu thp cc d liu t
nm 2004 cho n nay ca 41 nh my ti cc nc thnh vin Hip hi, cng vi cc d
liu thu thp t 25 nh my khc tham gia trong mt cuc nghin cu ca Hip hi Phn
bn chu u (EFMA) hai nm trc. Tng cng thu thp mu t 66 nh my, i din cho
khong 24% tng sn lng amonic ton th gii (25 triu tn/nm).
Nghin cu ny tnh ton hiu qu nng lng rng trung bnh, suy ra t cc d liu v
ton b nguyn nhin liu c tiu th ti nh my trong sut mt nm, bao gm c nng
lng sn xut amonic cng nh nng lng c s dng cho cc hot ng vn hnh
dy chuyn sn xut (chng hn khi ng, ng thit b, kh xc tc,...).
Cng thc c IFA s dng tnh hiu qu nng lng l:
S phong ph a dng ca cc cng ngh sn xut cng nh cc loi nguyn liu khin
cho khng th xc nh cng ngh no l cng ngh tt nht hin c (Best Available
Technique - BAT) chung cho sn xut amonic. Khong 80% tng sn lng amonic trn
ton th gii c sn xut t nguyn liu kh thin nhin, trong IFA gi thit l cc nh
my hin nay ang p dng BAT vi mc hiu qu nng lng trung bnh khong 28 GJ/ tn
NH3. y l s ci thin ng k so vi hiu qu nng lng trung bnh khi p dng BAT cch
y 2 - 3 thp nin. Khi , hiu qu nng lng t khong gn 40 GJ/ tn NH 3.
Theo IFA, hiu qu nng lng rng trung bnh suy ra t tng kt sn xut ti 66 nh my
amonic c kho st l 36,9 GJ/ tn NH3, dao ng trong phm vi t 28,0 n 53,0 GJ/ tn
NH3. Nhng nh my t hiu qu nng lng cao nht c ch s ny nm trong khong t
28 n 33 GJ/ tn NH3 v c th so snh vi hiu qu l thuyt theo thit k. Gia cng sut
ca nh my v hiu qu nng lng rng ca n c mt mi quan h kh r rng, cc nh
my c cng sut cao nht thng t hiu qu cao nht. Tuy nhin, mt s nh my c
hiu qu cao nht li c cng sut nh hn 1000 tn/ ngy.
Tui th ca 66 nh my c kho st l t 1 n 37 nm. Cc nh my vi tui th 10 20 nm thng c hiu qu nng lng cao nht, khong 34,9 GJ/ tn NH 3. Tip theo l cc
nh my vi tui th di 10 nm, ch t hiu qu nng lng trung bnh 35,8 GJ/ tn NH 3.
Cn lu rng nhiu nh my c c th nng cao hiu qu nng lng ca mnh thng qua
cc bin php ci to sa cha v nng cp.
Nhn chung, cc nh my amonic c xy dng ngy nay tiu th nng lng trn mi
tn amonic t hn khong 30% so vi nhng nh my c xy dng cch y 30 nm. Cc
tin b k thut c p dng ph hp vi nhng thay i v iu kin kinh t. Trong qu
trnh c cu li ngnh sn xut amonic trn ton cu, cc nh sn xut amonic vi hiu
qu nng lng cao hn thng c u th hn.
Ngy nay, cc nc ang pht trin v cc nc ang trong qu trnh chuyn i chim
hn hai phn ba sn lng phn m trn ton th gii. Nh u t vo cc cng ngh tin
tin trong qu trnh xy dng nhng nm gn y, nn nhiu nh my ti cc nc ang
pht trin s dng nhng cng ngh tin tin hoc cng ngh vo loi tt nht trong sn
xut amonic.

Cuc kho st ca IFA cho thy, vic p dng cc BAT mi nht c th cho php ngnh
cng nghip phn bn gim tip gn 40% tiu th nng lng - nh cng ng thi gim
pht tn kh gy hiu ng nh knh, vi mc gim khong 161 triu tn CO2 /nm.
Da trn nhng kt qu kho st trn, IFA a ra nhng khuyn co sau:
- Thng qua cc khuyn khch ti chnh v chnh sch mi trng bn vng, cc chnh ph
cn h tr u t vo cc cng ngh sn xut sch hn v c hiu qu cao hn.
- Cc t chc lin chnh ph v cc t chc a phng cn ng vai tr i u trong vic
to iu kin p dng BAT thng qua nhng sng kin nh to ra cc qu chuyn giao cng
ngh cho cc nc ang pht trin, xy dng nng lc v s dng cc c ch th trng mi
khuyn khch p dng cng ngh mi thn mi trng.
- Ngnh sn xut phn bn c trch nhim v vai tr quan trng khng ch trong vic to
iu kin v h tr p dng cc tin b cng ngh nhm mc ch gim tiu th nng lng,
m cn c trch nhim ph bin nhng cng ngh ny trn ton th gii.
TH NGHA
Theo Fertilizer International, 8/2008

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