How dose can. cancer davelops when calls lose the ability to regulate their cell cycle, When the cell evele is not reaulated, the call continuce to divida out of control and all daughter calls will have this same ability There are many things that can cause call to no longer regulate its cell cycle properly. A few examples are + Too many growth factors that encourage cells to divide, even when there iz no need for them to divide Page 1 what changes happen in cancerous cells? Cenesrersterlslnesetensretsiacst characteristics that are not seen in normal, healthy calle Include aXactacarae + Immortality of the cancer calle such that they do not dle. + Alack of contact inhibition, Normal calle typically stop dividing onze they contact other calls, Cancerous calls lack this inhibition and Peer nea reece ent cey are piling up on other calls, + Reversion of cells to an immature form such that they ne longer Perform their intended function. Page 3 ———oO@-.—___—_—. How done cancer develop? ED + A mutation of protooncogenes which normally make proteins to properly regulate the call cycle. Whan mutated, the prataine do not function properly to regulate the cell cycle, This can lead to uncontralled cell division, + Amutation of tumor suppressor eee ence facta tumar suppressor proteins that destroy cancerous cells. the appropriate tumor suppressor, cancarous calle can, continue to multiple and form @ tumat, Page 2 be recognized” FED Following ore some recent statistics For lung, ovarian, and stomach cancer (the iraricasarafostirastael eeitaYicwercart cancer Society and National Cancer Society) Lung cancer 2007 new cases-219.980 2007 deaths-160,990 2007 deaths-15.280 stomach Cancer 2007 deaths-11,210 Page 4 Without eC nlinterphase lek and drag the [abal the corresponding cell indar thar micSeeapie Interphase is the growth period of the call cycle. Itmay © seem like nothing happens inside the cell during interphase In reality, the cell ls busy growing, repairing Itself, and maintaining homeostasis. The three phases of interphase incuide periods of rapid growth, duplication of DMA, and manufacture of cell organelles and cell parts needed for cell division. During interphase, the nucleus and nucleolus can be clearly seen, but chromosomes cannot. [Prophase | Ick and drag the label the corresponding cell Inder Hie microcap Prophase fs the first phase of mitosis. During Prophase, @ the nucleolls and the nuclear membrane disappear, the chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes, and a threadlike spindle forms between the pairs of centrioles, which nave traveled to opposite ends of the cell Chromosomes have already been duplicated during interphase. They are now called sister chromatids. [Metaphase ck and drag the label hhe corresponding call der the microscope Mitosis continues with metaphase. In metaphase, the © sister chromatids line up around the center of the cell Each sister chromatid Is attached to a separate spindle fiber by its centromere, “Aneph tk and drag the label he corresponding cell ader the miaoseane Ags mitosis enters anaphase, each centromere divides, and the sister chromatids separate. Then the chromatids begin to move away from each other toward opposite poles of the cell, Each chromatid becomes a separate chromosome. ([Telophiase | ck and drag the label the corresponding call Ader the microreape In telophase, the final phase of mitosis, centrioles and @ spindle fibers start ta disappear. The chromosomes stretch out and become harder to see. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the nucleolus appears in each nucleus. At the end of mitosis, the plasma membrane begins to form between the two new nuclei Cell division Is complete when the two new cells have completely separated