10/12/2016

IPv6SubnettingUncleMasiu

UncleMasiu
SimplifyingCiscoNetworking
ROUTINGANDSWITCHING

IPv6Subnetting
August2,2016August2,2016 IdowuWasiu
IPv6subneingisabitdierentfromIPv4subneingbecausethehostIDportionofIPv4
variesdependingontheclassofaddressorsubneingscheme.InIPv6,thehostID,whichis
theinterfaceIDisxedat64bits.
Theglobalunicastaddressandtheuniquelocaladdressaredividedintothreeparts;thexed
45bits,16bitssubnetportionand64bitsinterfaceportion.Therst48bitsofaglobalunicast
addressarexedandallocatedbytheISP,uniquelocaladdressisalsoxedatFD00::/8witha
40bitrandomlygeneratedglobalIDwhichisthenassignedtothesiteofanorganization.Both
oftheseaddressesleaves16bitsforsubneing.
SubneingIPv6addressescanbedoneattwolevels;nibbleandbitlevel.ThemethodsI
discussheremakesuseofthebitlevelofsubneing.Therearetwostepsprocedureto
subneingthesubnetIDportionofboththeglobalunicastanduniquelocaladdresses.
Determinethenumberofbitsrequiredforsubneing.
Enumeratethenewsubneedaddressprex.
Subneingrequiresproperplanning.Thenumberofrequiredsubnetswilldeterminethe
numberofbitstobeused.Forexample,if8subnetsarerequiredthen3bitswillbeused.
However,atothertimes,subneingmaynotgiveanexactnumberofrequiredsubnets.Take
forexampleanetworkrequiring20subnetstouse,5bitswillberequiredtoproducethe
requiredsubnets,leaving16subnetsunused.
Havingdeterminedthenumberofbitsforsubneing,weneedtodeterminetheprexesofthe
newaddresses.Thiscanbedoneinthreeways;binary,decimalandhexadecimal.However,I
amonlygoingtousethehexadecimalapproachbecauseofitssimplicitysimplicitysells.
Therst64bitsofanIPv6isthenetworkaddress,organizationsthathaveobtainedglobalIPv6
addressspacefromtheirISPhaveonlytherst48bitsxedbytheISP.Thenal16bitsofthe
networkIDportionofaglobaladdressrepresentthesubnetID,whichisusedforsubneing.
IamgoingtousetwodierenttechniquestosubnetIPv6addresses,leavingyoutochoose

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IPv6SubnettingUncleMasiu

IamgoingtousetwodierenttechniquestosubnetIPv6addresses,leavingyoutochoose
whicheveroneyoubestunderstand.
Nowpayaentiontothefollowing:
Onanygivelevel
Therewillbeanumberofbitsthatarealreadyxedbythenextlevelupinthehierarchy
(F).
Therewillbeanumberofbitsusedforsubneingatthecurrentlevelinthehierarchy(S).
Therewillbeanumberofbitsremainingforsubneingforthenextleveldowninthe
hierarchy(R)
SuchthatF+S+R=16(whichisthetotalvalueofthesubnetIDportionoftheIPv6addresses.)
SupposeyouregivenanIPv6address2001:db8:3c4d:12::/53,andyouplanonusing5bitsfor
subneing,thenF=5348=4;(48beingtheprexlengthofunsubneedaddress.)
S=5;
R=7;
Therefore,4+5+7=16.

Method1
Thismethodusesaformulaicapproach,justabitofsimplemathematics:
LetS=thenumberofbitschosenforsubneing.
F=thenumberofbitswithinthesubnetIDalreadyxed.
M=theprexlengthoftheaddressprexbeingsubneed.
N=numberofaddressprexbeingobtained.
I=incrementalvaluebetweeneachsuccessivesubnetIDexpressedinhexadecimalform.
L=prexlengthofthenewsubneedaddress.
Wehavethefollowing:
F=M48
N=2

I=216(F+S)
L=48+F+S
Looksdauntinghuh?No,itsnot,withalilebitofpracticeitsgoingtobeawalkinthepark.
Example1

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IPv6SubnettingUncleMasiu

Example1
Letsperforma4bitsubneingontheuniquelocaladdressFD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D80::/57
Solution:usingtheformulaabove
F=M48,butM=57
F=5748=9
S=4

S
N=2
4
N=2 =16

I=216(F+S)
16(9+4)
3
I=2
=2 =8
0x8inhexadecimal

L=48+F+S
L=48+9+4=61
Sonowwehavethefollowingveryimportantinfo;
Numberofsubnets=16;
Incrementalvaluebetween2successivesubnetIDinhexadecimal=0x8
Newprexlength=61
Thetablebelowshowsthesubnetsobtained.
Subnet
Number

SubneedAddressPrex

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D80::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D88::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D90::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D98::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DA0::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DA8::/61

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IPv6SubnettingUncleMasiu

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DB0::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DB8::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DC0::/61

10

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DC8::/61

11

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DD0::/61

12

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DD8::/61

13

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DE0::/61

14

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DE8::/61

15

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DF0::/61

16

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DF8::/61

Method2
TocreateandenumeratesubnetswithinthesubnetIDoftheaddressspaceusingthis
techniquethefollowingstepsmustbecomputed:
Determinethenumberofbitsleftforsubneing
RecallthatthenetworkIDportionofanIPv6addressis64bits.Ifyoureallocatedanaddress
prexof54,simplysubtracttheprexfrom64,i.e.6454=10.
Determinehowmanybitsyouneedforsubneing
Therststepistodeterminehowmanysubnetsisneeded,lookforthelowestexponentof2
thatwouldyieldanequalvaluetoorgreaterthanthenumberofsubnetsneeded.Forexample,
3
if6subnetsareneeded,3bitswillbeused(2 )becauseitisthelowestexponentof2that
wouldyieldavalueequaltoorgreaterthan6.
Determinethenewnetworkprextobeusedwithinyoursubneedportionofthenetwork.
Thenewnetworkprexisobtainedbyaddingthenumberofbitsneededforsubneingtothe
originalnetworkprexoriginallyassignedtoyou.Forexample,ifyouwereassignedthe
address2001:DB8:2AC4:C00::/54andyouvedeterminedtouse4bitsforsubneing,thenew
networkprexwillbe58andthenetworkaddressoftherstsubnetwillbe
2001:DB8:2AC4:C00::/58.
Determinethehexadecimalincrementbetweensubnetaddresses.
Todothis,subtractthenewnetworkprexfrom64,andraise2tothepowerofthedierence,
thentranslatethatvaluetohexadecimal.Forexample,ifthenewnetworkprexis58,translate
6458
6
2
or2 tohexadecimal.
Usethehexadecimalincrementtodeterminethenetworkaddressofeachsubnet.
Toenumeratetheaddressofeachnewsubnetdothefollowing:

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Toenumeratetheaddressofeachnewsubnetdothefollowing:
1.Drawatablewithtwocolumns.
2.Writedownthenameofeachsubnetinacolumnstartingwithsubnet1,subnet2etc.
Writedownthenetworkaddressofeachsubnetnexttoeachsubnetname,startingwith
subnet1.
1.Todeterminethenetworkaddressofsubnet1,writedowntheoriginalnetworkaddressof
yournetworkspacebutreplacetheoriginalnetworkprexwiththenewnetworkprex
thatyouhavedetermined.
2.Todeterminethenetworkaddressofsubnet2,startwithsubnet1andaddthehexadecimal
incrementtothesubnetIDportionoftheaddress.
3.Todeterminesubnet3startwithsubnet2andaddthehexadecimalincrementtothesubnet
IDportionoftheaddress.Thesamethinggoesforsuccessivesubnets,continueaddingthe
hexadecimalincrementasnecessaryuntilyouhavewriendowntheaddressforeach
subnet.
Nowletsusethismethodtosubnetthesameaddressintherstmethodabove;
Doinga4bitsubneingonFD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D80::/57
1.Determinethenumberofbitsleftforsubneing:
6457=7
2.Determinehowmanybitsareneededforsubneing:
4
4bitsneeded,2 =16subnets.
3.Determinenewnetworkprex:
57+4=61
4.Determinethehexadecimalincrementbetweensubnets:
6461

3
=2 =8

Thisgives0x8inhexadecimal
5.Determinethenetworkaddressofeachsubnet:
Subnet
Number

SubneedAddressPrex

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D80::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D88::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D90::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3D98::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DA0::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DA8::/61

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FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DA8::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DB0::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DB8::/61

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DC0::/61

10

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DC8::/61

11

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DD0::/61

12

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DD8::/61

13

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DE0::/61

14

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DE8::/61

15

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DF0::/61

16

FD1A:39C1:4BC2:3DF8::/61

Inmynextpost,Iamgoingtoshowyouhowtosubnetaddressprexlessthan/48
Ifyouhaveanyquestionorneedsclaricationpleaseusethecommentsection.Thanksfor
reading
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