AP World History First Semester Final Exam Stimulus

The following three questions refer to the passage below:

"I am Darius, the great king, king of kings, the king of Persia, the king of countries, the son of Hystaspes, the grandson of
Arsames, the Achaemenid.
King Darius says: Eight of my dynasty were kings before me; I am the ninth. Nine in sucession we have been kings. By
the grace of Ahura Mazda am I king; Ahura Mazda has granted me the kindom.These are the countries which are
subject unto me, and by the grade of Ahura Mazda I became king of them. [follows a list of states he conquered.]
King Darius says: This is what I have done. By the grace of Ahura Mazda have I always acted. After I became king, I
fought nineteen battles in a single year and by the grace of Ahura Mazda I overthrew nine kings and I made them
captiveAs to those provinces which revolted, lies made them revolt, so that they deceived the people. Then Ahura
Mazda delivered them into my hand; and I did unto them according to my will. If you do not conceal my edict, but
publish it to the world, then may your family be numerous, and my you live long. If you conceal this edictmay Ahura
Mazda slay you and may your house cease to exist.

The following three questions refer to the image below:

The following three questions refere to the image below:

The following three questions refer to the passage below:

On our arrival we entered the large court, where the great Montezuma was awaiting our Captain. Taking him
by the hand, the prince led him to his apartment in the hall where he was to lodge, which was very richly
furnished in their manner. Montezuma had ready for him a very rich necklace, made of golden crabs, a
marvelous piece of work, which he hung round Cortes neck. His captains were greatly astonished at this sign of
honor.
I must now speak of the skilled workmen whom Montezuma employed in all the crafts they practiced,
beginning with the jewelers and workers in silver and gold and various kinds of hollowed objects, which excited
the admiration of our great silversmiths at home. Many of the best of them lived in a town called Atzcapotzalco,
three miles from Mexico. There were other skilled craftsmen who worked with precious stonesand specialists
in feather-work, and very fine painters and carvers. We can form some judgment of what they did then from
what we can see of their work today.
Bernal Diaz (14921580) accompanied Hernando Corts and the band of Spanish conquistadors who were the first Europeans to see the cities of the
central Mexican plateau, dominated by the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, or Mexico, in 1519. Later in life, he recalled what he saw in this account of
The Conquest of New Spain.

The following three questions refer to the passages below:

From the Epic of Gilgamesh On the GodsThe uproar of mankind is intolerable and sleep is no longer possible
by reason of the babel. So the gods agreed to exterminate mankindWith the first light of sawn a black cloud
came from the horizon; it thundered within where Adad, lord of the storm, was ridingOne whole day the
tempest raged, gathering fury as it went, it poured over the people like the tides of battle; a man could not see
his brother nor the people be seen from heaven. Even the gods were terrified at the flood, they fled to the
highest heaven.
Egyptian Prayer to Ra during New Kingdom 1550 B.C.E.Hail to You [Ra]. You rise and shine having
appeared in glory as King of the gods. May You give power and might in vindication to the Ka [the Spirit
Life Force] of ________ [the name of the individual reciting the prayer is to be inserted here]. O all you gods of
the Soul-mansion who judge sky and earth in the balance, who give food and provisions, give praise to Ra, Lord
of the Sky, the Sovereign who made the Gods. May those who are above worship you; may those who are
below worship you. Your serpent-foe has been given over to the fire; the rebel-serpent is fallen; his arms are

bound. Ra has taken away his movements and the Children of Impotence are nonexistent. The Mansion of the
Prince is in festival; the noise of shouting is in the Great Place. The gods are in joy when they see Ra in His
appearing, His rays flooding the lands. May you be to travel to every place which it desires; may my name be
called out."
The following two questions refer to the image below:

Image: Terracotta Soldiers in the tomb of Qin Shihuangdis tomb, Qin Dynasty, 3rd Century
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/emperor-qin/

The following three questions refer to the passage below:

Augustus seduced the army with bonuses, and his cheap food policy was successful bait for civilians.
Indeed, he attracted everybodys goodwill by the enjoyable gift of peace. Then he gradually pushed
ahead and absorbed the functions of the senate, the officials, and even the law. Opposition did not exist.
War or judicial murder had disposed of all men of spirit.
-Tacitus, Roman historian, c. 100 C.E., commenting on the reign of Augustus Caesar (27 B.C.E.14 C.E.)
The following three questions refer to the passage below:

The Song dynasty (960-1276) saw a tremendous increase in Chinese agricultural productivity. The spread of improved
strains of rice and new farming techniques made these increases possible. One way in which farming techniques were
spread around the empire was through the printing and circulation of handbooks on farming.

Excerpts from On FarmingPlowingEarly and late plowing both have their advantages. For the early rice crop, as soon
as the reaping is completed, immediately plow the fields and expose the stalks to glaring sunlight. Then add manure and
bury the stalks
to nourish the soil. Next, plant beans, wheat, and vegetables to ripen and fertilize the soil so as to minimize
the next years labor. In addition, when the harvest is good, these extra crops can add to the yearly income.
The following four questions refer to the passage below:

Aramco World, Legacy of the Crusades, May 1956

One positive, undisputed result of the Crusades was a greatly expanded knowledge of geography gained by
the West. With the coming of such vast hordes of invaders from all points of Europe, the veil of the mysterious
East had been lifted for goodThe Arab builders learned much about military masonry from the Crusaders
who had brought this knowledge from Normandy and ItalyThen, when the great cathedrals of Europe began
to rise in a somewhat later period, their builders installed windows of stained glass made with a technique
which had originated with the ancient Phoenicians of Syria and passed along by Syrian Arabs to Europeans
During that two-century struggle between East and West, it is plain now that each side made major contributions
to the culture of the other.
The following three questions refer to the passage below:

The Travels of Ibn Battuta. Born in Morocco, this learned Arab scholar traversed nearly 75,000
miles during his extraordinary journeys, which took him to Spain, Anatolia,West and East Africa,
Arabia, Iraq, Persia, Central and Southeast Asia, India, and China. In this excerpt, Battuta
describes what he finds in the kingdom of Mali.
(1) On Fridays, if a man does not go early to the mosque, he cannot find a corner to pray in, on
account of the crowd. It is a custom of theirs to send each man his boy [to the mosque] with his
prayermat; the boy spreads it out for his master in a place befitting him [and remains on it] until
he comes to the mosque. . . .
(2) Among their bad qualities are the following. The women servants, slave-girls, and young girls
go about in front of everyone naked, without a stitch of clothing on them. Women go into the
sultans presence naked and without coverings, and his daughters also go about naked. Then there
is their custom of putting dust and ashes on their heads, as a mark of respect, and the grotesque
ceremonies we have described when the poets recite their verses. Another reprehensible practice
among many of them is the guimbris: two-stringed guitars. eating of carrion, dogs, and donkeys.

The following four questions refer to the passage below:

..We can only marvel at the ability of the Sapa Inca [chief ruler] to control his vast domains, separated as they
were not only by long distances, but by dramatic changes in altitude. Inca engineers developed a massive road
system over some of the most rugged terrain on earth, a lattice [network] of highways and tracks that covered a
staggering 19,000 miles (30,000 km). The Inca empire could never have been created without this
communication system that carried important officials, government correspondence, entire armies, and all
manner of commodities and trade goods. Road-building started long before Inca times, for earlier states like
Chimor on the coast also needed to connect dense concentrations of farmers in widely separated valleys. But
the Incas vastly extended the network. The resulting lattice was a conceptual framework for the quipu makers,
who used the sequences of sites on the roads to relate different areas to one another. Anthropologist John Murra
has called these roads the flag of the Inca state, for they were a highly visible link between the individual and
the remote central government. The same lattice of communication helped define symbolic alignments, link
sacred shrines to the Temple of the Sun in Cuzco, and even separate different groups of people living near the
capital.
Source: Brian M. Fagan, The Americas Before Columbus

The following three questions refer to the images below:

SOURCE 1

SOURCE 2

The following two questions refer to the passage below:

One of the oldest grants of privilege for Hanseatic League cities in London, Henry II issued this directive to
his officers regarding the merchants from Cologne in the year 1157 CE.
I command you to guard, maintain, and protect all the men and citizens of Cologne as if they were my own
subjects and friends, and all their goods, merchandise, and possessions. You shall not permit them to suffer any
loss or damage in their house in London, which is called their gildhall, or in their goods, or merchandise, or
anything else that belongs to them, because they are faithful to me, and they are in my ward and protection.
They shall have complete protection, and they shall pay only their customary tolls, and you shall not exact new
tolls from them....
The following three questions refer to the statements below:

Changes in Post-Classical Eurasia

1. Development of a sophisticated system of irrigation using machines such as water mills, windmills, water-raising
machines. With such technology they manages to expand the amount of land they could farm. The water management
technologies they used were assembled, standardized, and then diffused to the rest of the world.
2. The introduction of new crops, transforming private farming into a global industry, including Europe, which was
mostly restricted to wheat strains obtained much earlier from Central Asia. Spain received what she in turn shared to the
rest of Europe, many new crops.

The following three questions refer to the passage below:

Now, I have observed that there is a class of men that believe in their superiority to others because of their
greater intelligence and insight. They have abandoned all the religious duties Islam imposes on its followers.
They laugh at the positive commandments of religion which enjoin the performance of acts of devotion, and the
abstinence from forbidden things. They defy the injunctions of sacred lawThe heretics in our time have heard
the awe-inspiring names of people like Socrates, Hippocrates, Plato, Aristotle, etc. They have been deceived by
the exaggerations made by the followers of these philosophers exaggerations to the effect that the ancient
masters possessed extraordinary intellectual powers: that the principles they have discovered are
unquestionable: that the mathematical, logical, physical, and metaphysical sciences developed by them are the
most profound.
Ghazali, Al (2000).The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Brigham Young UP. pp.510
The following two questions refer to the passage below:
Those of you in charge of money and grain have stolen them for yourselves; those of you in charge
of criminal laws and punishments have neglected the regulations. In this way grievance are not
redressed and false charges are ignoredOccasionally these unjust matters come to my attention.
After I discover the truth, I capture and imprison the corrupt, villainous, and oppressive officials
involved. I punish them with the death penalty or forced labor or have them flogged with bamboo
sticks in order to make manifest the consequences of good and evil actions.

The following two questions refer to the passage below:

Emperor Wuzongs Edict on the Suppression of Buddhism: The Edict of the Eighth Month
We have heard that up throughthe Three Dynasties the Buddha was never spoken of. It was only from the Han
and Weionthat the religionof idols gradually came to prominence. So in this latter age it has transmitted its
strange ways, instilling its infectionwithevery opportunity, spreading like a luxuriant vine, untilit has poisoned
the customs of our nation; gradually, and before anyone was aware, it beguiled and confounded mens minds so
that the multitude have beenincreasingly led astray
Now if even one manfails to work the fields, someone must go hungry; if one woman does not tend her
silkworms, someone willbe cold. At present there are aninestimable number of monks and nuns inthe empire,
eachof them waiting for the farmers to feed him and the silkworms to clothe him, while the public temples and
private chapels have reached boundless numbers, all withsoaring towers and elegant ornamentationsufficient to
outshine the imperialpalace itself
The temples of the empire that have beendemolished number more than4,600; 26,500 monks and nuns have
been returned to lay life and enrolled as subject to the TwiceaYear Tax; more than40,000 privately established
temples have been destroyed, releasing 30 or 40 millionqing of fertile, topgrade land and 150,000 male and
female servants who will become subject to the TwiceaYear Tax
The following three questions refer to the map below:

The following two questions refer to the passage below:

Christopher Columbus Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain, describing the results of the first voyage,
1493. On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail from Spain to find an all-water route to Asia. On October 12, more
than two months later, Columbus landed on an island in the Bahamas. He proceeded to explore the Caribbean
and discovered several islands.
I found very many islands, filled with innumerable people, and I have taken possession of them all for their
Highnesses, done by proclamation and with the royal standard unfurled, and no opposition was offered to me.
The island, Espanola is a land to be desired and, when seen, never to be left. I have taken possession of all
for their Highnesses, and all are more richly endowed than I know how or am able to say, and I hold all for their
Highnesses, so that they may dispose of them as they do of the kingdoms of Castile and as absolutely. But
especially, in this Espanola, in the situation most convenient and in the best position for the mines of gold and
for all trade as well with the mainland here as with that there, belonging to the Grand Khan, where will be great
trade and profit In conclusion, to speak only of what has been accomplished on this voyage, which was so
hasty, their Highnesses can see that I will give them as much gold as they may need, if their Highnesses will
render me very slight assistance; presently, I will give them spices and cotton, as much as their Highnesses shall
command; and mastic, as much as they shall order to be shipped and which, up to now, has been found only in
Greece, in the island of Chios, and the Seignory sells it for what it pleases; and aloe, as much as they shall order
to be shipped; and slaves, as many as they shall order, and who will be from the idolaters. I believe also that I
have found rhubarb and cinnamon, and I shall find a thousand other things of value, which the people whom I
have left there will have discovered, for I have not delayed at any point, so far as the wind allowed me to sail,

Source:http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hns/garden/columbus.html
The following two questions refer to the passage below:
but the importance is the [Portuguese] finding of the voyage and the trade, which will each year carry a large

quantity of spices. This newswas considered very bad news for the city of Venice, and some very wise people
are inclined to believe that this thing may be the beginning of the ruin of the Venetian state... Whence it is that
the King of Portugal has found this new voyage, and that the spices which should come from Calicut, Cochin,
and other places in India to Alexandria [Egypt] or [Beirut], and later come to Venice, and in this place become
monopolized, [where] all the world comes to buy such spicery and carry gold, silver, and everyday
merchandise, with which money the war [with the Ottoman Empire] is sustained; to-day, with this new voyage
by the King of Portugal, all the spices which came [from] Cairo [Egypt] will be controlled in Portugal, because
of the caravels* which will go to India, and other places to take them. And in this way the Venetians will not
be able to take spices either in Alexandria or [Beirut]. And when the spices lessen to the Venetians, then will
also lessen the profit and the money.
Ships developed by the Portuguese built using previous knowledge from Classical and Islamic
merchants
Diary entry in September of 1501 from Girolamo Priuli, Venetian Nobleman and Merchant
Source: Greenlee, William B.The Voyage of Pedro Alvares Cabral to Brazil and India: From Contemporary
Documents and Narratives. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1938. Print.