Công Nghệ Sửa Chữa Máy Công Cụ - Lê Văn Hiếu, 68 Trang

2
Mc lc
Mc lc ................................................................................................................. 2
Chng I: Hng dn tho my ........................................................................ 4
1.1. Hng dn chung khi tho my .............................................................. 4
1.2. Hng dn tho mt s chi tit thng dng ............................................ 6
1.3. Ra v lm sch chi tit v cm my .................................................... 11
1.4. S tm tt qu trnh sa cha my ................................................... 13
Chng II : Bo tr sa cha cc mi ghp c nh....................................... 15
2.1. Mi ghp ren ......................................................................................... 15
2.2. Mi ghp chm...................................................................................... 19
2.3. Mi ghp then........................................................................................ 20
2.4. Mi ghp then hoa................................................................................. 21
Chng III: Bo tr sa cha trc tm v trc truyn.................................. 23
3.1. Trc b mn ngng v mt nhn cn thit ........................................ 23
3.2. Trc b bin dng xon.......................................................................... 24
3.3. Trc b cong........................................................................................... 25
3.4. Trc b nt hoc gy.............................................................................. 25
Chng IV: Bo tr sa cha trc chnh......................................................... 27
4.1. Kt cu ca trc chnh v cc dng hng thng gp ........................... 27
4.2. Sa ngng lp trc .............................................................................. 28
4.3. Sa cha l cn...................................................................................... 29
4.4. Sa cha ren v l then.......................................................................... 30
4.5. Sa cha l ng chm.......................................................................... 31
4.6. Sa cha ngng cn............................................................................... 32
Chng V: Bo tr sa cha trc .................................................................. 34
5.1. Sa cha ln........................................................................................ 34
5.2. Sa cha trt ..................................................................................... 35
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Chng VI: Bo tr sa cha trc vt me v b truyn vt me- ai c......... 38

6.1. Trc vt me............................................................................................. 38
6.2. ai c ca trc vt me............................................................................ 38
6.3. Cm trc vt me- ai c ......................................................................... 38
Chng VII: Bo tr sa cha khp ni, phanh............................................. 40
7.1. Khp ni trc......................................................................................... 40
7.2. Phanh ..................................................................................................... 45
Chng VIII: Bo tr sa cha trc b truyn ai, xch ............................... 48
8.1. Sa cha b truyn ai .......................................................................... 48
8.2. Sa cha trc b truyn xch ................................................................. 49
Chng IX: Bo tr sa cha b truyn bnh rng, bnh vt....................... 50
9.1. B truyn bnh rng .............................................................................. 50
9.2. B truyn trc vt- bnh vt.................................................................... 54
Chng X: Bo tr sa cha trc khuu, thanh truyn ................................ 56
10.1. Trc khuu .......................................................................................... 56
10.2. Thanh truyn........................................................................................ 57
Chng XI: Bo tr sa cha bng my, bn dao, bn my, bng trt..... 59
11.1. Bng my............................................................................................. 59
11.2. Bn dao my tin ................................................................................. 65
Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................................ 69
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Chng I: hng dn tho my

1.1. Hng dn chung khi tho my
D my hng t xut hoc em my i sa cha theo k hoch, trc
khi tho cn quan st k ton b cc cm my, cc chi tit quan trng ca
my xc nh cc ch h hng v lp phiu sa cha.
Trc khi tho my ra sa cha cn chun b chi tit thay th, cc
dng c v g lp cn thit. Cc b phn my phi c qut sch phoi, mt
st, lau chi sch du m, dung dch trn ngui v mi vt bn khc.
vic tho my ng quy phm, trnh nhm ln tht lc v to iu
kin thun li cho vic lp li sau nycn tun theo nhng quy tc tho lp khi
sa cha di y:
Ch c php thp ri mt cm my hoc c cu no khi cn sa
cha chnh cm my hoc c cu . iu ny cng c bit quan trng khi
sa cha my c cp chnh xc cao. Ch c php tho ton b my khi sa
cha ln (i tu my).
Trc khi tho my phi nghin cu my thng qua bn v v thuyt
minh ca my nm vng c bn v cc cm my chnh t vch ra c
k hoch tin v trnh t tho my. Nu my khng c bn v s ng th
nht thit phi lp c s trong qu trnh tho my. i vi cc cm
my phc tp nn thnh lp s tho. Cng vic ny s trnh c nhm ln
hoc lng tng khi lp tr li .
Trong qu trnh tho cn pht hin v xc nh cc chi tit h hng v
lp phiu sa cha trong c ghi tnh trng k thut h hng ca chi tit.
Thng bt u tho t cc v, np che, tm bo v c ch m
tho cc chi tit bn trong. Khi lp th ngc li, chi tit tho sau th lp vo
trc.
Khi tho nhiu cm my trnh nhm ln cn phi nh du tng cm
my bng k hiu ring khi cn gi nguyn v tr tng quan ca chi tit.
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Mi thit b vo cm my tho ra phi tng ng vi phiu sa cha

cn c vo trnh t tho d kin.
tho lp cc chi tit lp cht hoc trung gian (bnh ai, ni trc,
trc) cn phi dng vam, my p hoc cc dng c chuyn dng tho.
Lc tho (hoc lp) bng vam hoc trn my p c tnh theo cng thc sau:
a(
P=
D
+ 0,3).i.l
d
D
+ 6,35
d
Trong : P l lc tho lp (tn)

D: ng knh ngoi ca chi tit b bao (mm)
d: ng knh trong ca chi tit bao (mm)
i: di lp ghp (sc cng ca mi ghp)
a: h s, i vi thp a=7,5 ; gang a=4,3
l: chiu di may lp ghp (mm)
Khi khng th dng vam hoc cc dng c chuyn dng tho lp
th cho php dng ba tay, ba t thng qua tm m bng kim loi mu hoc
g.
tho cho d c th nung nng trc chi tit bao bng cch du
nng, phun hi nng hoc x ngn la. Nhit nung nng chi tit bao c
tnh nh sau:
t=
i
+ t1
.d
Trong : t l nhit cn t nng

i: di lp ghp (mm)
: h s dn n di ca vt liu, thp cacbon =11,5.10-6 ;
gang =10,4.10-6 ;
ng =17,5.10-6
d: ng knh chi tit bao
t1: nhit mi trng
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tho lp cc chi tit nng nn dng cn trc hoc pa lng trng

lm ri v, h hng v gim c sc lao ng cho cng nhn.
1.2. Hng dn tho mt s chi tit thng dng
1.2.1. Tho vt cy, bulng- ai c
trnh lm tot cc mt cnh ca ai c ta dng cha vn (c l) c
kch thc tng ng, khng dng c l tc anh tho bu lng ai c h mt v
ngc li. Khng dng m lt tho bu lng ai c qu nh gy trn cnh.
Khng dng tay cng qu di, m men qu ln m t ngt lm gy bu
lng, ai c.
Tho cc bu lng, ai c theo th t nht nh, tho t ngoi vo trong,
tho t t, tho i xng qua tm trnh cho chi tit khi vnh, nt v, c
bit l cc chi tit mng, bng gang.
Ch : - Cc bu lng ai c ren tri
- Cc bu lng v tr khut
+ Phng php tho bu lng, vt cy b gy:
Nu vt cy hay bu lng b gy nhng vn cn nh ln mt chiu cao
nht nh c th dng u kp tho. C hai loi u kp.
a. u kp con ln: Dng tho vt cy hay bu lng nhng dng c ny
lm hng phn ren v b con ln chn nt. u kp c ui 1, c vt cnh theo
u ai c lp cha vn, trong thn u kp c lm rnh xon gi con ln 2
kp vo u vt cn tho. Khi quay u kp vt cy quay theo. Vnh 3 gi
cho con ln khi b ri (hnh 1.1)
Hnh 1.1. u kp con ln c ui vt cnh
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b. u kp c ming chn: Dng tho cc vt cy nhng khng lm

hng phn ren (hnh 2.2.)
Hnh1.2: u kp c ming chn

u 1 c phay mt rnh bn nguyt trong lp ming chn hai lc l
trong cht 3. L xo 4 lun lm cho ming chn t vo vt cy theo chiu ngc
chiu kim ng h trn mt ming chn c kha ren chn vo ren ca vt
cy.
Khi quay u kp do b tr lch tm ming chn kp vo vt cy v xoay
vt cy i cng.
Khi vt cy hoc bulng b gy st mt phng chi tit c th tho ra bng
cc phng php sau:
a. Dng mi xoy rng ( hnh 1.3.a) c kt cu l mt thanh hnh cn
bng thp ti c mt ct ngang hnh rng ca v chui c mt ct hnh
vung lp cha vn. Mi rng c ng vo l khoan trong vt cy b gy.
Sau dng cha vn quay mi xoy rng. Do ma st gia mi rng v vt cy
rt ln nn khi quay cha vn vt cy b gy s c tho ra ngoi.
b. Dng mi chit (hnh 1.3.b) c kt cu hnh cn vi gc nghing nh.
Trn mt cn c x cc rnh tri (gc xon bng 308). Mi chit c xoy
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vo l khoan trong vt cy b gy, nh cnh sc ca mi chit nn khi xoy vt

cy c tho ra khi l ren.
Cng c th khoan mt l trong vt cy ri em ta r ren, c chiu ren
ngc vi chiu ren ca vt cy. Dng mt bu lng c ng knh ren tng
ng vn vo l ren va gia cng cho ti khi tho c vt cy ra ngoi.
c. Dng ai c: ( hnh 1.3.c) c ng knh ren nh hn so vi ng
knh ren ca vt cy, hn nh vi phn cn li ca vt cy. Dng cha vn c
kch thc tng ng. Quay ai c ni trn cho ti khi tho c vt cy ra
ngoi.
Hnh 1.3: Cc phng php tho vt

d. Dng thanh thp (hnh 1.3.d) Hn nh vo phn li cn li ca vt
cy b gy trc phi t 1vng m bn di thanh thp ,quay thanh
thp ni trn, vt cy b gy s c tho ra ngoi.
Nu khng th p dng mt s phng php trn ly vt cy ta
khoan b v sau tar ren mi c ng knh ren ln hn.
1.2.2. Tho khp ni trc
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Tho khp ni trc bng cht: Dng c tho: Dng t, ba tho, lc

tc dng ng tm cht, lc tc dng va phi, trnh lm tot u cht, sao
cho ng knh t phi nh hn ng knh cht mt t. Sau khi ng th ly
cht ra.
i vi cht tr: Ta c th tc dng lc vo bt k u no ca cht.
i vi cht cn: Th ta phi tc dng lc vo u nh ca cht cn,
khp ni loi ny ngi ta lp 2 cht cn ngc chiu nhau. Do vy khi tho
xong cht cn th nht, ta tc dng vo cht cn kia theo chiu ngc li
(hnh 1.4).
Hnh 1.4: Tho khp ni trc bng cht

Tho khp ni trc kiu vu:
Khp ni trc kiu vu hay chnh l li hp vu. Li hp vu gm nhiu
loi: Li hp rng hnh thang, hnh vung, hnh ch nht, hnh tam gic.. .
Li hp vu gm hai na 1 v 2. Na1 lp cht on cui mt trc bng
then c vt hoc cht nh v, na 2 lp di trt trn on cui ca trc th 2.
Phng php tho: Tho cht hoc vt nh v ca na li hp mt lp vi
trc, sau tho trc ra khi na li hp 1. Cn trc ca li hp 2 c th tho d
dng (Hnh 1.5).
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Hnh 1.5: Li hp vu
Tho Li hp ma st cn
c im cu to ca ma st cn gm 2 a ma st 1v 2. a cn 1 ch
ng lp c nh trn trc. a cn 2 b ng lp di trt theo chiu trc, mt
lm vic ca cc a l mt cn, to ra lc ma st truyn mmen
xon.(Hnh 1.6)
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Hnh 1.6: Khp li hp cn ma st

Phng php tho: Tho vt nh v trn a ch ng, sau tho cc
trc ra khi na ch ng v b ng.
i vi a cn lp c nh trn trc c th dng vam, my p tho trc
ra khi a cn.
Tho li hp ma st a.
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Li hp ma st a gm cc a ch ng 3, lp vo rnh ca ng 4 c
lp c nh trn trc dn 1. Xen gia cc a 3 l a b dn 2. Khi gt bc 6
sang phi phn cn u bc s nng n by 8 t vo v p cht cc a 2,3
vi nhau .ai c 5 iu chnh khe h gia cc a (Hnh 1.7)
Hnh 1.7: Khp li hp ma st a

Phng php tho: Tho cht gt, trc, tho ng dn s 4, tip dng
t v ba tho cht ca n by 8, tho n by 8, tho a ch ng, b
ng, tho ai c 5 v tho bc gt 6.
1.2.3. Tho chi tit lp cht ra khi trc
tho cc chi tit lp cht ra khi trc nh Bnh rng, ni trc,
ln...v.v
Ta thng dng cc my p thu lc ng hoc ngang lc ng hoc
ngang, khi p cc chi tit c kch thc khc nhau c th dng cc vng m,
vng trnh lm sy st cc b mt chi tit v to c din tch mt t
ln.
Khi khng c my p thu lc c th dng cc vam tho c 2 hoc 3 mc
Nu dng vam tho ln.
1.3. Ra v lm sch chi tit v cm my
Cc chi tit v cm my va tho ra phi c chi sch mi vt bn, du
m, nh sch g, mui than v.v...trc khi em ra. Mui than c th c
nh sch bng bn chi st, dao co hoc nhng vo dung dch gm 24g xt
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n da, 35g canxi cacbonnat, 1,5g nc thu tinh, 25g x phng lng. Tt c
cc cht c ho trong 1 lt nc.
Cc chi tit c ngm trong b cha t 23h. Dung dch c un nng
n 80900C tng hot tnh. Sau khi ly cc chi tit b ra em trng qua
nc l ri nc nng.
Cnh ra sch du m thun tin nht l dng du ho, xng, du ma dt.
Du ha, du ma dt, xng d bc hi v gy c hi cho ngi. V vy tt
nht l ra trong b chuyn ding (hnh 1.8) v c cc thit b bo h lao ng
thch hp.
Hnh 1.8: B du ra chi tit my

B ra c hn nh vo khung 1. Bn trong b c gi chi tit (kiu
mt co) v li lc. Np b c ni bn l c gn hai vnh hnh qut 4 v
lin h vi bn p 6 bng xch 5. Khi p chn vo bn p 6 np b s m ra
v ta co th b chi tit vo b hoc ly ra mt cch thoI mi. Khi nhc chn
khi bn p, np b t ng ng li do trong lng bn thn.
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1.4. S tm tt qu trnh sa cha my
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Chng II : Bo tr sa cha cc mi ghp c nh
2.1. Mi ghp ren

2.1.1. Cng dng, phn loi
Cng dng:
- Ren tam gic l loi ren thng dng nht, c kn kht cao, thng
c s dng trong cc kt cu ren vt, trong bu lng, cu, cc ng thy lc,
nt ren cc van trt.
- Ren vung v ren thang thng c dng trong cc c cu truyn
ng nh cc vt me hnh tinh, vt bn dao ca my cng c, vt nng ca
my, vt me ci ca my tin ren, vt me ti, may p, vt me trong t ngui
- Ren rng ca thng dng trong cc c cu chu lc ln theo mt
hng nh my nn dng c kh hay thy lc, cc loi kch
- Ren cung trn thng c dng trong cc mc ni toa tu, ni cc
ng ng nc ln
Phn loi:
- Cn c theo hnh dng prfin th ren c chia lm nhiu loi: ren tam
gic, ren vung, ren thang, ren rng ca, ren cung trn, ren bn nguyt, ren
nh v, ren gc vung., c th hin (hnh 2.1).
- Cn c theo v tr th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren ngoi v ren trong.
- Cn c theo hng xon th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren phi v ren
tri, nh (hnh 2.2) th hin. t ng bulng, ren t tri qua phi ln cao dn,
l phi (ai c vn vo theo chiu kim ng h), ren t phi qua tri cao dn,
tc l ren tri (ai c vn vo ngc chiu kim ng h).
- Cn c theo s u mi th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren mt u mi
v ren nhiu u mi.
Ngoi ren thng dng ra ngi ta cn phn loi theo b mt v theo
cng dng:
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- Cn c theo hnh dng b mt th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren tr v

ren cn.
- Cn c theo cng dng th ren c chia lm ba loi: ren lp sit, ren
truyn ng v ren chuyn dng.
- Cn c theo tiu chun th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren tiu chun v
ren khng tiu chun.
- Theo h thng ren th ren c chia lm ba loi: ren h mt, ren h anh
v ren ng (tr), c th hin (hnh 2.3).
Hnh 2.1: Ren: a) Ren cn; b) Ren tr;

c) Ren h mt; d) Ren h Anh; e) Ren ng (h anh)
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Hnh 2.2: Phng php phn bit ren tri, ren phi.
Hnh 2.3: Th hin ren theo h Anh v h mt.

2.1.2. Cc dng hng thng gp ca mi ghp
Cc dng h hng thng gp nht ca mi ghp ren l:
- Mn profin ren theo ng knh trung bnh
- Gim din tch b mt lm vic ca ren (v mn).
- Thn bulng b gin v bin dng do.
- Thn bulng hoc vt cy b un hoc b t.
- Cc vng ren b ct t do lc ko hoc nn dc trc tng t ngt.
2.1.3. Cc bin php sa cha cc loi h hng trn
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Ren b mn t hoc m trn bu lng hoc trc c ren.

- Tin ht ren c ri ct ren mi c kch thc nh hn, lc ny phi
thay th ai c mi. Nu ren c c ti cng th trc khi tin cn .
- Nu khng cho php gim kch thc ren th phc hi bng cch hn
p hoc m kim loi hoc gia cng c.
Ren b mn t, v hay m, trong l(trong thn chi tit my).
- Sa tikch thc sa cha bng cch tin, khoan hoc khot ht ren
c ri lm li ren mi c kch thc ln hn lc ny phi thay bu lng hoc vt
cy.
- sa cha tm mi ghp ren trong trng hp phc tp ta c th
lm bu lng hoc vt cy hi nhnh hn l c lp vi l ren mn. Khi c dp
thun li phi sa cha chnh thc ngay.
- Trong tng hp l ren c sa cha bng chi tit b sung: mun
vy ta khot hoc khoan l ren c hng rng thm 5-6 mm na ri mi tin
ren bc vi kch thc ren ban u.
Thn bu lng b cong.
Nn bng bn p kiu vt me hoc t trnh h hi ren. Khi nn phi
dng m mm kp cht chi tit.
Cc vt cy b cong hoc ren hng u c thay mi m khng sa cha.
B cc cht bn ca cht vo rnh then.
Dng bn ren, tar hoc chi tit lp ren vi n cy cht bn ren v
nn li ren
u bu lng ai c b v, mo chn (khng c hnh dng su cnh)
cc chi tit khc b st m.
Da hn p, ri gia cng c hoc ch gia cng c ri dng cha vn c
ngm hp hn v vn.
Cc chi tit ren b nt.
Hn p hoc thay mi
Ren mo v xit ai c qu ti.
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Tu theo h hng m p dng mt trong cc bin php sa cha

nu hoc thay mi.
Cht ren (tc ren b cht cng khng vn ra c)
Ngm trong xng hoc du ho t vi gi n vi ngy ri dng cha vn
ni vi cnh tay n m vn ra. Vn c ri th tu theo hnh dng ren m
sa cha.
2.2. Mi ghp chm
Cng dng:
Cc loi chm dng ghp cht dng trong mi ghp c nh v chm
dng iu chnh khe h trong mi ghp ng, v d nh chm rnh trt
bn dao my Tin.
Phn loi :
- Chm ghp cht
- Chm iu chnh c khe h.
Nhng dng hng thng gp ca mi ghp chm l :
- Chm b bin dng v ni lng.
- Chm v rnh chm b mn hoc st m.
- Cc chi tit ca mi ghp b nt.
- Cc chm hng u thay th ch khng sa cha.
- Nu chm b bin dng t v ni lng, c th dng tm bng cch ng
chm cht li, nhng cch ny ch l tm thi khi cha c chm thay i. V
hin tng ny chng t chm khng cng cn thit nu dng li chc
chn s li b bin dng v ni lng ra.
- Cc rnh chm b mn hoc st m c ra cng rng ra hoc lp chm
mi hoc hn lin ri gia cng rnh mi c kch thc ban u.
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- Cc chi tit ca mi ghp b nt tu tnh trng s hn phc hi hoc thay

mi.
2.3. Mi ghp then
Cng dng: thng dng lp cc chi tit my truyn m men xon nh:
bnh rng, bnh ai, a xch... vi trc. N c dng rng ri v cu to n
gin, chc chn, d tho lp, gi thnh h...
Phn loi: Chia ra lm hai loi
- Then lp lng: Then bng, then bn nguyt, then dn hng.
- Then ghp cng: then vt, then tip tuyn,...
Mi ghp then bng truyn m men xon ch y nh 2 mt bn ca
then, trong qu trnh lm vic mi ghp then bng thng phi chu ti trng
t ngt (khi bt u truyn chuyn ng). Do , mi ghp thng c dng
hng nh:
- Rnh then trn may v trn trc b nong rng, biu hin lm mi ghp then
lm vic c r.
- Khi chu ti trng t ngt hoc khi b qu ti mi ghp then c th b ct
t (bit con then). Hu qu l mi ghp khng truyn c chuyn ng.
- Trng hp rnh then trn may hoc trn trc b nong rng:
Sa li rnh then trn trc ti kch thc sa cha sau lm li con then
mi. Ch : khi lm li con then mi cn chn ng vt liu tng thch
c th m bo c cc yu cu ca mi ghp.
Trong tng hp rnh then trn trc hoc trn may b nong qu rng th
chng ta c th gia cng li rnh then mi, khi gia cng cn ch quay trc
(may ) i mt gc 900, 1350 hoc 1800 v gia cng rnh then mi ti v tr
.
- Trng hp con then b ct t:
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Trong trng hp ny chng ta x l rt n gin theo cch sau: ly phn

then b ct t trn trc v may ra sau gia cng li con then mi. Ch :
Khi lm li con then mi cn chn ng vt liu tng thch c th m
bo c ng yu cu ca mi ghp.
2.4. Mi ghp then hoa
Cng dng: thng dng lp cc chi tit my truyn m men xon, m
bo mi ghp c ng tm hn v d di trt cc chi tit khc trn trc.
Phn loi:
- Theo iu kin lm vic ca mi ghp then hoa c th chia ra lm 2 loi :
+ Ghp c nh: Trong moay c c nh trn trc.
+ Ghp di ng: Moay c th trt dc trc.
- Theo dng rng th c 3 loi :
+ Then hoa rng ch nht: Loi ny dng kh ph bin trong ngnh c
kh ch to my.
+ Then hoa rng tam gic: Dng truyn mmen khng ln, thng p
dng cho mi ghp c nh.
+ Then hoa rng thn khai: Loi ny truyn mmen xon ln, gim
c ng sut tp chn then do c bin dng thn khai.
- Theo cch nh tm khi ghp chia ra:
+ nh tm theo ng knh ngoi: Dng khi moay khng nhit
luyn v m bo ng tm cao.
+ nh tm theo ng knh trong: Dng mi ghp cn c ng
tm cao.
+ nh tm theo cnh bn: Khng m bo ng tm nhng lc
phn b u trn rng, nn dng trong trng hp truyn mmen xon ln.
Nhng h hng ca mi ghp then hoa thng gp l:
- Mn then trong trc v rnh then trong l.
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- Dp, v, st m then hoa.

- Sy st hoc trc b mt lm vic ca then hoa do tc dng ca ti trng
ng
- Nu then hoa v rnh then mn t m mi ghp nh tm theo ng knh
trong ca trc th cch sa cha tt nht l sa l then hoa ti kch thc sa
cha v tng kch thc then hoa trn trc bng cch sn tng then mt theo
chiu dc then.
- Nu then hoa v rnh then mn t m mi ghp nh tm theo ng knh
ngoi ca trc th sa cha nh sau : Sa cha then hoa ti kch thc sa
cha
V nng ng knh ng knh ngoi cc rnh then hp li ph hp vi
kch thc sa cha ca chiu rng then hoa trn trc.
- Nu then hoa v rnh then hoa mn nhiu nhng cha qu 20-25 % chiu
rng then thi gia cng l then hoa n kch thc sa cha, hn p trc then
hoa ri gia cng theo kch thc l then hoa.
- Nu then hoa v rnh then hoa mn nhiu qu 20-25 % chiu rng then th
ta hn p ton b rnh then ri gia cng rnh then mi.
+ Lu : Nhng chi tit phc tp gia cng kh khn v t tin, nu cn kh
nng lm vic, ch c mt phn then hoa b hng m vic hn p nh hng
n chnh xc ca chi tit v vy ta phi thay phn trc c then hoa.
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Chng III: Bo tr sa cha trc tm v trc truyn
Trong sa cha cc trc tm v trc truyn chng ta phn trc lm ba

loi: trc trn, trc bc v trc then hoa. Khi nn cc trc cong, ta cn phn
thnh trc cng v trc mm. Trc mm l trc c chiu di gp 5 ln ng
knh tr ln.
Tuy vy i vi tng trc c th trong sa cha cng c th phn loi
khc vi ch to trc mi.
Kt cu ca trc tm, trc truyn c bn ging nhau v u dng
cc chi tit quay. Chng ch khc nhau ch: Trc truyn ngoi chu mmen
xon v thng quay cng vi cc chi tit lp trn n, cn trc tm thng
ng yn v ch chu mmen un thi.
Nhng h hng thng gp ca hai loi trc ny l:
- Mn ngng trcv mt nhn b mt cn thit.
- B xon lm mt chnh xc v tr tng quan gia cc b phn
ca trc (v tr gia cc rnh then vi nhau ).
- B un.
- B nt hoc gy.
3.1. Trc b mn ngng v mt nhn cn thit
3.1.1. Sa cha ngng trc ti kch thc sa cha nh hn kch thc ban
u
Phng php ny thng p dng cho cc ngng trc lm vic trong
trt babit hoc nhng trt s c trng li hoc thay mi khi sa cha
ng thi vi trc.
- Nu ngng trc mn cha ti 0,2- 0,3 mm ch vic mi t cn,
van v nhn b mt cn thit.
- Nu mn ln hn th em tin. Sau mi li cho php gim ng
knh trc khng qu 5%.
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3.1.2. Phc hi ngng trc ti kch thc ban u

Phng php ny p dng cho ngng trc lp vi ln.
- Nu ngng trc mn t ta m Crm (chiu dy lp m Crm ch ti vi
trm m) ri mi.
- Nu mn nhiu th m thp, phun thp, hn in h quang rung sau
tin ri mi (ch phi trc khi mi).
3.1.3. Sa cha bng bc p trung gian
Trng hp ngng trc b mn nhiu cn c th dng bc sa cha p
vo trc c (lp ch) ri gia cng bc ny t kch thc v nhn b mt
cn thit.
Trc
Bc
Hnh 3.1: Phc hi trc mn bng cch p bc trung gian

3.2. Trc b bin dng xon
- Ch trc truyn mi c dng sai hng ny. Trc tin phi kim tra, xc
nh chnh xc sai lch v xon ca trc ri a ln g chuyn dng v
xon trc theo chiu ngc li.
- Khi thao tc phi tin hnh t t lc xon truyn n ton b trc,
trnh khng ph hu cc c t dng xon trc (thng l rnh then).
- Sau khi nn phi nung nng trc ti nhit ram thp, gi nhit
ny 3 4 gi ri lm ngui chm (v d ngui trong khng kh tnh). Sau khi
nhit luyn, nu trc vn khng b xon tr li th kt qu ny s c duy tr
lu di.
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3.3. Trc b cong

Sa cha bng cch nn hoc nung nng cc b:
Nn trc (phng php c kh): c th nn trng thi ngui hoc nng.
i vi trc mm hoc trc c ng knh nh hn 50mm u c nn
ngui. Ch c nhng trc c ng knh ln hn 50mm v b cong nhiu mi
nn nng; khi nn nng cn phi nung trc n nghit rn (150450 0C).
C th nn trn cc my p vt hoc my p thu lc.
My p
Hnh 3.2: Nn trc

Phng php nung nng cc b: p dng cho trc c ng knh ln hn
50mm.
Hnh 3.3: Nung nng cc b
3.4. Trc b nt hoc gy

Nhng trc khng quan trng nu b nt v nh th hn v, nu nt v
ln hoc gy c th hn ni hai phn trc vi nhau.
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3.4.1. Hn
Trn trc ch nt hoc gy to 2 mt cn i nh nhau, gc nh
900 , khoan l 5 10 lp cht ghp s b kim tra ng tm. Sau
hn t t va hn va xoay trc, sau khi hn thng hoa ch hn nhit
8500C.
Hnh 3.4: Phc hi trc gy hoc nt nghim trng

3.4.2. Ni trc
Nhng trc b nt, gy km theo st m nu ni nh hnh 3.4 s b ht
chiu di th c th ni nh hnh 3.5, tc l thm mt on ph thm bo
chiu di ban u ca trc sa cha. Sau khi hn nu trc b cong th phi nn
sa, ng thi phi kh ng sut d ri gia cng t chnh xc v
nhn b mt cn thit.
Hnh 3.5: Phc hi trc gy c on ni thm
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Chng IV: bo tr sa cha trc chnh
4.1. Kt cu ca trc chnh v cc dng hng thng gp

4.1.1. Kt cu ca trc chnh
Trc chnh l mt trong nhng chi tit quan trng nht ca cc my ct
kim loi. my tin, trc chnh lp trc tip vi cc chi tit gia cng. my
phay, khoan, doa, mi, nh bng... trc chnh mang c ct v quay cng vi
chng. V vy chnh xc, cng vng v n nh chuyn ng ca
trc chnh c nh hng quyt nh n cht lng sn phm gia cng trn
my.
Trong a s cc my ct kim loi, trc chnh l chi tit gia cng rt phc
tp v t tin. V vy khi sa cha my ngi ta ht sc trnh thay trc chnh
m tm cch phc hi n.
sa cha tt, cn nm vng nhng c im c bn ca cu to trc
chnh.
Hnh 4.1 nu cu to trc chnh ca c loi my tin thng dng chnh
xc thng. Ngng sau v ngong trc lp trc
Hnh 4.1: Trc chnh ca cc loi my tin chnh xc thng

1.Ngng sau. 2. Thn trc; 3. NGng trc;
4. Mt nh v lp mm cp; 5. L cn; 6. Ren kp mm cp
4.1.2. Cc dng hng hc thng gp
Nhng b phn c th h hng ca cc loi trc chnh l:
- Ngng trc lp
- L cn
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- Ren v then hoa

- Ngng cn
- L ng chm
4.2. Sa ngng lp trc
4.2.1. Cc dng hng hc ca ngng trc
Thng ngng trc h hng v mn.
4.2.2. Phng php khc phc
- Nu mn t < 0,02mm c th mi trn my tin bng kp g vi bt mi
nho.
- Nu mn qu 0,02mm th mivi kch thc sa cha sau khi mi phi
kim tra cng xem cn c lp thm than hoc ti cng. Khng nu mimt
lp cng phi nhit luyn hoc ha nhit luyn li. Khi gia cng ngng trc
t ti kch thc sa cha phi thay bc lt trc.
- Nu ngng trc mn ti 0,1 mm th m crm phun kim loi hoc hn h
quang. Phi p c lng d gia cng v sau khi tin v mi phi t c
ca chi tit.
- Nu ngng trc mn nhiu th c th tin nh i ri p bc sa cha
ging nh mt bin php phc hi trc tm, trc truyn. Nguyn cng cui
cng trong sa cha ngng trc lp vi l nh bng nh sau: Lp trc ln
cc mi tm, tc , quay ca trc khong 50-70m/pht, nh bng l mt
ming gang peclit ht nh c bi bt mi nho nh bng ngng trc. Khi
thao tc tay cm ming gang p nh mt c bt mi vo ngng trc v a i
a li theo chiu di ngng trc khong 3-5 pht. Trong qu trnh nh bng
ngng trc thnh thong li ra bt mi dnh vo ngng trc v ming gang
bng xng, bi lp bt mi mi vo ming gang v tip tc cng vic. n khi
b mt ngng trc bng nh gng th c.
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4.3. Sa cha l cn
4.3.1. Cc dng hng hc ca l cn
L cn ca trc chnh cc my ct kim loi thng b hng v mn. Kim
tra mn bng cc vt sn tip xc gia l vi calip cn.
Nu l mn t c th a ln my mi trn trong sa cha, khi t
ngng trc ca trc chnh c l cn cn mi ln gi chuyn dng (luynet),
u sau trong mm cp my mi. Sai s g t cho php l 0,005 mm. Khi mi
ch m bo cn ban u. Nu cn cn mi l ca trc chnh my tin
c th nguyn trc trn my dng lp, dng g mi kp trn bn giao
mi l cn.
Nu l cn trc chnh mn nhiu th c th phc hi bng cch p bc sa
cha nh sau:
Hnh 4.2: phc hi l cn ca trc chnh bng bc b
Tin sn mt bc cn bng thp cacbon thp ( chi tit 2 trong hnh 4.2)
dy 4-5mm, c kch thc ph hp p vo l cn trc chnh sau ny.
m bo ng tm gia ng tm l cn sau khi sa cha vi ng tm trc
chnh, cn nguyn trc chnh lp trn my (nu l sa cha trc cn trn
trc chnh my tin) m tin l cn theo ng knh ngoi ca bc 2 sao
chochiu di ca bc khi lp kht vo l cn tin ca trc chnh, lc cha
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p cht th u bc th ra ngoi mt u trc chnh 5mm. Thm than l bc

su 0,5-8mm, ti n HRC58-60, ty sch g st v cc cht bn bm bc
bi m mt ngoi bc v t n vo l cn trc chnh. Dng mt v kiu
trc ht p cht bc vo l cn trc chnh. Sau khi p, mi l bc t
nhn v chnh xc yu cu.
4.4. Sa cha ren v l then
4.4.1. Cc dng hng hc ca ren v l then
Dng hng c bn ca ren v l then l ren b mn, l then b hoc st
m.
i vi ren ca trc chnh b mn c sa cha bng m in, hn lp
hoc hn h quang rung ri gia cng c t kch thc ban u. Nu ct ren
mi vi kch thc nh i th phi thay a bt mm cp vn vo ren ny, cch
ny rt t dng v kch thc phn tr nn khng tiu chun.
i vi rnh then:
- Nu mn t hoc st m th hn p nhng ch st m ri gia cng t
kch thc ban u. Nhng rnh then b hng nng th khng sa cha m hn
p ri lm rnh then mi v tr khc cch rnh c 900, 1350, 1800 theo chu
vi nu kt cu cho php.
- Nu hn p m s vnh th c th p mt m thp vo rnh c ri hn
lin hoc bt cht bng vt.
i vi then hoa:
- Nu mi ghp then v then hoa mn ht m mi ghp nh tm theo
ng bn trong ca trc th cch sa cha tt nht l: sa l then hoa ti kch
thc sa cha v tng kch thc then hoa trn trc theo kch thc ca rnh
then l sau khi sa cha nu then v rnh then ti cng th phi trc khi
sa cha.
- Lm tng kch thc then hoa trn trc bng cch xn tng then mt
theo chiu dc dc then, xn then hoa l dng mt a bng thp lm hn
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thnh vt trn b mt dc theo then hoa (b mt then hoa theo ng knh

ngoi). Sau khi xn kim loi ca then c dn sang hai bn lm tng chiu
rng v ng knh trong ca then. Ta xn tng then ti khi chiu rng ca
then ti khi chiu rng ca then tng ti kch thc vt qu chiu rng ca
rnh l. Sau khi sa cha mt lng d gia cng (0.1 0,2) mm th
sang then khc, c tip tc nh th n ht. Sau gia cng li v nhit luyn
t cng ban u.
- Nu rnh then v then hoa mn t i vi mi ghp nh tn theo ng
knh ngoi ca trc th sa cha nh sau: Sa cha trc then hoa ti kch thc
sa cha v nng ng knh ngoi ca l then hoa cc rnh then hp li
ph hp vi kch thc sa cha ca chiu rng then trn trc. Sau sa li
chiu rng rnh v ng knh ngoi ca l then hoa (may ).
- Nu rnh then v then hoa mn nhiu th hn lp ri gia cng c theo
kch thc sa cha (ban u).
Ch : Nhng mi ghp ren v then trn trc chnh rt chnh xc v trc
chnh l chi tit quan trng khng nn v sa cha ren, then hoa v rnh then
m lm nh hng ti chnh xc ca ton trc.
4.5. Sa cha l ng chm
4.5.1. Cc dng hng hc ca l ng chm
L ng chm tho dng c ct (mi khoan) trc chnh my khoan
cng hay hng b mn.
Cng ngh sa cha nh sau
Hnh 4.3: Sa cha l ng chm

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Gia cng rng l thnh hnh ch nht trn my xc chun b p bc

b sung vo. Theo kch l va gia cng v ng knh trc chnh, ch to mt
bc n lng d mi v di lp ghp, vt bn gc bc khi cn vo
bn gc l khi lp; ti bc n cng HRC55- 62 ri mi bn mt ngoi
s lp vo l. Cui cng, nung nng trc chnh v p bc vo l ch nht va
gia cng ca trc.
4.6. Sa cha ngng cn
Nhiu loi trc lp ghp vi cc chi tit i tip bng ngng cn c then
(thng l then bn nguyt). Hai loi trong s cc ngng cn c gii
thiu trn hnh 4.4. l kt cu u trc ca trc chnh my mi, mi dng
lp vi may ca chi tit i tip nh ch kp mi, bc, mm cp .v.v...
Hnh 4.4: Ngng cn trc chnh

4.6.1. Cc dng hng hc ca ngng cn
Cc dng hng ca ngng cn thng l:
- Mn mt cn lp ghp trn trc v trn l lm chi tit b lng chiu trc, do
cng b lng hng tm.
- Mn v chn dp rnh then, trc v l.
- Chn dp v ct t then.
- Mn v ph hu ren.
y ta ch nghin cu phng php khc phc dng hng mn mt cn
(cn cch khc phc dng hng nh: Mn v chn dp rnh then, trc v l;
Chn dp v ct t then; Mn v ph hu ren tng t nh cc phn trc).
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- Khi mi ghp b lng v b mm mt cn, c th khc phc bng cch

ct bt mt u phn cn trn trc (hnh 4.5) 1 t c vo chi tit 2 trn
lp.
Hnh 4.5: Sa mi ghp trn ngng cn

- Khi khng cho php chi tit dch chuyn chiu trc, cn phc hi cc mt
cn vi kch thc ban u tc l phi sa c l v trc: l c phc hi bng
cch lp bc sa cha, chn hoc hn p gia cng c: trc c m crm
hoc hn p hoc gia cng c, nu mn qua ta thay trc mi.
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Chng V: Bo tr sa cha trc

5.1. Sa cha ln
5.1.1. c im lp ghp
ln c lp ghp vi b phn my theo ng knh trong- d ( lp vi
trc) v kch thc ngoi ca vng ngoi-D ( lp vi v hp), dng
trc v lm cho trc chuyn ng nh nhng bng cc con ln.
5.1.2. Cc dng hng, nguyn nhn v phng php khc phc
Dng hng
Khe h hng
Nguyn nhn
Mn cc chi tit ca
Bin php khc phc

iu chnh cho khe h nh
knh v chiu trc
i. Sau khi iu chnh i
qu ln.
vi cc bi bnh thng,
cho php khe h vt qu
tr s ban u 3-4 ln. Nu
khe h ln qu th thay
C cn en t
Khng du m bi
Ra, bi trn v kim tra
lt ra ngoi
trn, nng qu
khe h, nu khng t yu
cu k thut th thay
Du t lt ra c
Vt liu ca cc chi tit
ln mt st kim
b mn nn lp b mt cc
Thay mi
loi, lm vic c vnh v bi b trc

ting n
V mt lm vic
lm vic qu ti, lp
Thay . Nu vt xc
ca cc chi tit
ghp cht qu ch
vnh dc theo chiu ln
b nt, xc, v
thng thng; c vt l lt
ca bi th c th dng li
vo v lt kn khng tt
Hng vng cch
Khng du m bi trn Sa vng cch. Nu khng

c th thay
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Cc b mt lm
C hi m, nc, a xt, lt
Lau chi ht vt han g,
vic b han g
vo hoc dn m bi
kim tra du m bi trn.
trn khng tt
Nu g nng th thay
b kt, quay
C vt l chui vo v
Lau chu, bi trn y
bng tay thy
pht lt kn b hng,
thay pht. Nu cc vng
nng
thiu du m bi trn.
mn nhiu th thay
Khe h lp rp
Mn ngng trc, l thn
Sa cha ngng trc v l
gia vi trc v
my hoc cc vng .
thn my. Nu cc chi tit
l thn my
mn nhiu th thay mi
khng m bo
Cc vng lt kn
D b bn, cng; cht do
Ra vng lt kn bng
khng m bo
b lo ho, lo ca vng
xng, lau kh, ct bt vi
lt kn
lt kn b gim tnh n
vng l xo. Nu vng lt
hi hoc trc mn khng
kn mn hoc cng qu th
kht vi vnh trong ca
thay mi
vng lt kn
5.2. Sa cha trt

Cc dng hng ca trt v nguyn nhn:
- Lp kim loi chng ma st b chy hoc b bong, b mt ca bc b co
xc.
Nguyn nhn: Do c trc v bc lun lun tip xc vi nhau gy ra hin
tng ma st v mi mn cc chi tit do p sut du thp khng m bo
lng du bi trn.
- b nng, trc i khi b kt.
Nguyn nhn : Khe h nh qu hoc b xc v bi trn khng tt
- khng iu chnh c khe h :
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Nguyn nhn : Mt lm vic mn qu tr s cho php.

- Mt lm vic b sy st ln, c vt lm, lm vic n
Nguyn nhn: Do thiu du bi trn hoc du bi trn bn, c cn b.
5.2.1. Sa cha nguyn
Mn t : p dng mt s bin php :

- Chn cho ng lt ngn li thng p dng cho ng lt c chiu di
L<2d v lng d ca l cha qu 1% so vi ng knh ban u
- Trng mt lp kim loi bng Balt sau gia cng c m bo
nhn v bng cn thit.
- Nu ng lt c ng knh > 100 mm th tin hnh ct ng lt lm 2
phn, da mt ct vt mp sau hn li sao cho lng d gia cng theo
kch thc trn .
- Nu bc c ng knh < 100 mm th khng nn ct lm 2 na m c
th phun 1 lp kim loi chu ma st vo l bc sau gia cng c m bo
nht.
- Nu bc b mn nhiu th ta tin hnh bng cch mi li ngng trc v
thay ng lt c bng ng lt mi c ng knh ph hp vi ngng trc
m.
5.2.2. Sa cha ghp hai na
- Trc ht ta phi iu chnh khe h gia ngng trc v bc bng cch tng
hoc gim chiu dy cn m b mt lp ghp.
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- Nu b mt bc bi xc ta tin hnh co :
Phng php co: Na bc di c co bng cch ngng trc c ph mt
lp sn mng v r vi na bc di sau ta xoay i ri co theo vt mi tip
xc. Khi co phi tun theo nguyn tc : Co ch bt mu v co ch nng, b
ch nh.
Ch : Phi thay i mi co. Trong qu trnh co c tip tc n khi vt
mu phn b u trn b mt lm vic ca na bc v chim 70- 75 din tch
b mt tip xc.
- Sau khi co c mt di ta tin hnh co mt trn, tng t
- Sau khi co xong c hai mt ta tin hnh bi mu v co ln cui bng cch
bi mu vo c trc sau, sau lp ghp v xoay trc i vi vng, sau tho
trc ra v tin hnh co
- Hiu chnh sau khi co xong ta lau sch v lp vo ngng trc v bi trn
mt lp du.
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Chng VI: bo tr sa cha trc vt me v b truyn

vt me- ai c
6.1. Trc vt me
6.1.1. Cc dng hng thng gp
Cc dng hng thng gp ca trc vt l:
- Trc vt b cong.
- Trc vt b mn, st m b mt lm vic.
- Ngng trc vt lp vi b mn.
6.1.2. Phng php sa cha thay th
- Trc vt b cong: c nn thng bng u kp, bng n by hoc bng
cc phng php khc. Khi nn trc vt c chng ln 2 mi tm xc nh
v tr c o ln nht, l tm c phc hi trn my tin, khi phi xn
mt u ri mi sa l.
- Trc vt b mn, st m b mt lm vic: Nu yu cu v chnh xc
ca b truyn khng cao th ta c th hn p sau tin li ren (trc khi
tin th ta phi trc vt).
- Ngng trc vt lp vi b mn c sa cha bng cch m, phun kim
loi. Nu mn nhiu th ta tin nh ngng trc i sau p bc.
6.2. ai c ca trc vt me
Do iu kin lm vic ca ai c l lin tc so vi trc vt nn ai c
thng chng mn b mt lm vic, nt hoc v.
Nu ai c b hng th bin php sa cha tt nht, kinh t nht l thay
mi. Bi v gi thnh sa cha c khi cn cao hn gi thnh ca ai c mi,
cht lng ca ai c qua sa cha phc hi khng th bng ai c mi.
6.3. Cm trc vt me- ai c
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c im ca b truyn trc vt- ai c: Do b mt lm vic ca trc vt
v ai c khc nhau, ai c lm vic lin tc nn chng mn hn trc vt, mt
khc do c im ca my thng lm vic khng ht cng sut nn bn thn
trc vt mn cng khng u. T nhng nhn nh trn ta c th a ra mt s
dng hng ca b truyn trc vt- ai c l:
- B truyn lm vic khng n nh (lc nng, lc nh khng u).
Nguyn nhn do nhiu bi bn, trc vt cong, thiu du bi trn.
- Trc vt quay nhng ai c khng tnh tin. Nguyn nhn do mn ht
rng ca ai c.
- B truyn b r dc. Nguyn nhn do mn ai c.
khc phc cc dng hng trn trc ht ta kim tra lng du bi trn,
v sinh b truyn, kim tra b mt lm vic ca trc vt- ai c, kim tra
thng ca trc vt, kim tra ng tm gia trc vt v ai c. Nu lng du
bi trn khng th ta b xung thm, nu ai c b mn th ta thay mi, trc
vt cong th em nn li, ch iu chnh s ng tm gia trc vt v ai c.
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Chng VII: Bo tr sa cha khp ni, phanh

7.1. Khp ni trc
Khp ni l chi tit c tiu chun ho tng i cao. c dng lin
kt cc trc vi nhau, lm nhim v truyn chuyn ng gia hai trc hoc ni
cc trc ngn thnh mt truc di. Ngoi ra khp ni cn c tc dng ng m
cc c cu, ngn nga qua ti, gim ti trng ng, b sai lch ca trc.
7.1.1. Cc kiu khp ni
Khp ni c phn chia thnh 2 nhm:
- Ni trc: l loi khp ni lin kt c nh hai trc vi nhau. ch c th thc
hin ni, hoc tch ri hai trc khi dng my.
- Ly hp: l loi khp ni c th ni hoc tch ri lin kt ngay c khi trc
ang quay.
Hnh 7.1 nu cc nu cc loi khp ni trc ph bin nht:
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
41
7.1.2. Cc dng h hng, nguyn nhn v cch s l

Kiu khp ni trc
Cc dng hng
Nguyn nhn v cch x l
(1)
(2)
(3)
Bc ni c c nh bng t cht cn.
V qu ti hoc ti trng va
cht (Hnh 7.1a) hoc vt
Chn vt hm.
p. Thay cht
hm khp ni hnh 7.1a,
Chn dp then v
Thay vt
truyn m men xon bng
rnh trc.
Sa then v rnh then
hai cht cn, khp ni
Nt chn rnh then
trc (hnh 7.1b) truyn m

men xon bng then
Khp ni trc (hnh 7.1c)
V bc
c dng trong kt cu
Ren bu lng b chn Thay hoc sa cc chi tit
khng cho php dng bc
chn dp then v
tng t nh i vi kiu
nguyn. Hai na bc c
rnh then
khp ni trn.
Khp ni trc kiu bch,
Bu lng b t hoc
V qua ti phi thay bu lng.
truyn m men xon bng
un cong. L lp bu
Doa li l lp bu lng v
then v bu lng ghp hai
lng bch b mn
rnh then.
mt bch (Hnh 7.1d)
hoc tot.
V qu ti
kp cht vi nhau bng bu

lng ai c
Chn dp then v
rnh then.
Khp ni trc rng (hnh
Rng b mi un,
Rng b un v mm qu,
7.1c) truyn m men xon
gy, trc. Then b
gy v ti cng ton b v
bng n khp rng trong (
chn dp, st m
qu ti t ngt; b trc v
hai bnh rng ch ng v
mn, ...
qu ti lin tc; b mn
b ng c m un v s
phanh c th b mm qua
rng bng nhau)
hoc thiu du bi trn. Nu
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
42
m un nh (2-3mm) c th
c hn p ton b ri gia
cng c hoc sa cha.
Khp ni trc ch thp
Vu v rnh b mn. Bo hoc phay rng rnh
(Hnh 7.1g) khp ni trc
Khi o chiu c
ng thi phI thay i a
gm ba a n khp vi
tin ku va p
gia vi kch thc vu ph
nhau bng vu v rnh b
thm ch b trt
hp theo rnh sa cha.
tr cho nhau thnh hnh
khp.
ch thp
Khp ni cht c m cao
Cc m cao su b
Thay mi. C th dng m
su n hi (Hnh 7.1h).
mn hoc lo ha
da thay cng c.
Khp ni trc gm hai na Cc l lp cht b
Doa li l cn, thay cht.
1 v 2 c lp chth vi
mn.
Lng ai c kp cht cht
cc u trc, truyn m
Khi m, tt my c
cn. Nu l cn v cht cn
men xon bng mi ghp
ting ku. Do kim
cha b hng (b mn hoc
cht v cht (bu lng) 3;
loi va p vi nhau b chn dp) th xit li ai
m 4 cho php n hi
khp ni trc
theo chiu xon v chiu
c. Nu h hng th sa cha
li l cn v thay cht.
trc.
Khp ly hp vu (Hnh
1. Vu b mn
1. Hn p, gia cng c
7.1i) gm hai na 1 v 2
2. Then , rnh then
2. Sa cha then v rnh
n khp vi nhau bng vu b mn v h hng.
then.
3. Na khp ly hp 2 di
3. Rnh lp ngm
3. Gia cng rnh ra v thay
trt c trn trc th
gt b mn lm cho
ngm gt hoc hn p rnh
hin ng nh ly hp. Vu tay gt iu khin
ny ri gia cng c.
3 c th l hnh ch nht
km nhy.
4. Thay m cao su.
hoc hnh thang cc na
4. cc ly hp vu
khp ly hp lm bng thp n hi m cao su
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
43
12, 20X; vu c ti
b mn hoc lo ha
cng ti HRC56-62
Khp ly hp cn ma st
1. Khp ly hp b
1. Mt cn lm vic b mn
(Hnh 7.1k) gm 2 a ma
try khng truyn
xy st lm cho cc b mt
st cn 1 v 3. a 1 ch
ni m men xon,
tip xc khng tt. Phi gia
ng, a 3 b ng v c
trc b ng c tc
cng li 2 mt cn trong v
th di trt theo then 2
khng n nh
ngoi, nu cn co khi phi
thc hin ng v nh ly
2. Khp ly hp b
sa cha mt s kch thc
hp
trt v c ting ku lin quan m bo 2 mt

cn tip xc tt.
- Rnh lp ngm gt ca a
n ma st 3 b mn nn
khng lc p khi iu
khin ly hp vo khp: sa
cha ging nh sa cha
rnh khp ly hp vu
2. cc mt cn b mn ti
mc mt u ca bch ny
chm vo mt y ca bch
kia, sa cha: mi li chnh
xc mt cn, ct ngn mt
bch c cn ngoi. Nu n
mi qua ln co th tin mt
cn ngoi thnh mt tr ri
lm bc p b xung vo mt
tr ny, c cht hm bc.
Sau gia cng mt ngoi
ca bc thnh mt cn, khp
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
44
vi mt cn trong ca bch 1.
Khp ly hp a ma st
1. Cc a ma st
(hnh 7.1 l ) gm cc a
nng qu khng nh st nh qu. Phi iu chnh
ch ng 3 lp vo rnh
c ly hp an ton. khe h i vi khp ly hp
ng 1, ng c lp c
2. Cc a ma st b
lm vic trong du, khe h
nh trn trc dn. Xen k
trt khi c ti.
ny phi nm trong khong
gia cc a 3 l cc a b 3. Cc a ma st b
1. Khe h gia cc a ma
0,2-0,3mm; i vi khp ly
ng 2 lp vo rnh ca
trt khng iu
hp lm trong mi trng
mt ng lm lin vi bnh
chnh c
kh 0,5-1mm.
rng 9. Khi gt bc 7 sang
4. n by 8 b mn 2. Khe h gia cc a ln
tri, phn cn u bc s u.
qu mc d cc a cn mi.
nng n by 8 lm cho
5. u cn nng
Phi iu chnh lai khe h
u n 8 t vo a 4 p
n by ca bc s
theo cc tr s nu trn.
cht cc a 2 v 3 vi
7 b mn.
iu chnh bng cch rt
nhau. Mun nh ly hp
6. Rnh lp ngm
cht 6 ra khi l a 4, vn
bc sang phi .
ca bc 7 b mn
ai c 5 ri li cm cht 6
ai c 5 ii chnh
vo l nh v l 4.
khe h gia a 2 v 3.
3. Cc a ma st b mn.
nh v ai c 5 bng
Nu mn t th mi li 2 mt
cht 6 c cm vo mt
a ri li thm vo 2 a
trong cc l ca a 4. Vt
mi. Nu mn nhiu phi
liu a ma st: Nu ly hp
thay a. Sau khi sa cha
lm vic trong du th a
phi iu chnh khe h theo
lm bng thp tm dy
cc tr s nu trn. Nu
1,2-2mm. Ly hp lm vic
cc a ma st c gn tm
kh, cc a c ct thp v
Ferodoo b hng th thay tm
tn 2 tm Ferodoo hai
Ferodoo mi.
bn khp ni.
4. Hn p ri gia cng c
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
45
hoc thay mi.

5. Mn t th mi t
cn cn thit, mn nhiu th
hn p ri gia cng c.
6. Sa cha ging nh cch
sa rnh lp ngm gt ca
khp ly hp vu.
Khp ni trc an ton kiu Bnh thng khng
L xo yu qu nn thc t n
l xo v cht hm
khng lm vic. Khi iu
truyn ni m men
xon ti trng lm chnh qu mc th vt ca l

vic. Khi iu chnh xo mc vo chi tit i tip
tng lc cng lc
lm khp ni trc tr thnh
cng l xo th khng cng, mt tc dng an ton.

lm ng nhim v
Phi thay l xo mi.
an ton khi qu ti,

khng th iu
chnh tt c
7.2. Phanh
trnh cho cc chi tit khi b gy, v hoc va p q mnh khi thay i
tc , phi dng hoc gim tc ca cc chi tit quay.
7.2.1. Cc kiu phanh
- Phanh cn ma st
- Phanh a ma st
- Phanh c vng n hi
- Phanh m
- Phanh ai
7.2.2. Cc dng h hng, nguyn nhn v cch s l
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
46
Kiu phanh
Cc dng hng
Nguyn nhn V cch s l
Phanh cn ma st:
Phanh b trt
- a cnc nh b vnh ln cc
Nguyn l lm vic
khng hm c
mt cn ma st khng tip xc
v kt cu ging nh
my
tt.
ly hp ma st cn.
Rnh lp ngm gt
- Mt u a cn ngoi cham
ca a cn di trt vo g y a cn trong v mn
b mn
mt cn.
- Cc mt cn b xy st.
X l:
- Kim tra a cn c nh iu
chnh hoc co r.
- Ct bt mt u a cn ngoi,
cao r cc mt cn.
- Mi, co cc mt cn b xy
st. Tin ti kch thc sa cha
hoc hn p ri gia cng c.
Phanh a ma st:
Ging nh ly hp
Kt cu nh gn,
ma st a
Ging nh ly hp ma st a
c s dng rng
ri trong cc my
Phanh c vng n
Phanh b trt
Mn cc chi tit ca vng n
hi: t c s dng
hi, a vng n hi hoc mt
v lc phn b ln
trong ca mt bch.
cc b mt khng
X l:
u v tin cy lm
iu chnh c cu bung vng:
vic thp
Nu cn th thay cc chi tit b

mn
Phanh m:
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
1. Phanh khng n. 1. iu chnh l xo khng ng
47
C hai kiu kt cu:
2. Phanh khng
m b mn
hai m m vo trc
nh ra c.
X l: iu chnh li l xo thay
hoc hai m bung ra
m phanh b mn.
p vo vnh trng.
2. L xo cng qu, cun dy
C loi phanh mt
in t khng ht ni.
m v loi phanh hai
X l: iu chnh li l xo. Sa
m.
cha hoc thay cun dy in t
Phanh ai:
1. Phanh khng n
1. iu chnh khe h gia cc
Kt cu nh gn
2. Phanh khng
bnh ai phanh v ai phanh
nhng to c m
nh c
khng ng. Mn ai phanh. L
men phanh ln. c
xo yu qu.
dng nhiu trong cc
X l: iu chnh li khe h.
hp tc v cc c
Thng thng khe h phi u
cu. Khuyt im
n v bng 1-2mm.
ca phanh ny la tao
- Sa cha hoc thay ai phanh.
ra lc ko trc v
- Thay l xo phanh.
mt pha theo
2. ai c ai phanh xit cht
phng hng knh
qu. Khe h gia ai phanh v
lm trc chng
bnh ai phanh hp qu hoc
mn
trang thi bnh thng ai

phanh chm vo bnh ai
phanh.
C vt l mc vo khe h gia
ai v bnh ai phanh.
X l:iu chnh li khe h, b
vt l, lau chi sch ai phanh
v bnh ai phanh.
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
48
Chng VIII: bo tr sa cha trc b truyn ai, xch
8.1. Sa cha b truyn ai

B truyn ai dng truyn chuyn ng gia 2 trc kh xa nhau m
bo m v bo v c khi qu ti. B truyn ai c s dng nhiu trong
ngnh c kh ch to v mt s my cng nghip nh.
B truyn ai gm c hai bnh ai (bnh dn v bnh b dn) v dy ai.
8.1.1. Sa cha bnh ai
Cc dng hng ca bnh ai l:
- Bnh ai b o nguyn nhn do sai s gia cng, hoc do trc b cong, trc
b mn, cng ngh lp khng ng.
- B mt lm vic ca bnh ai b mn.
- Mn l may , mn mt u may , mn rnh then, v vnh bnh ai, nt v
may .
Phng php sa cha:
- Sa cha b mt bnh ai b mn:
+ i vi bnh ai dt th tin hnh tin li mt ngoi bnh ai. Hnh
dng hnh hc cn thit p dng i vi b truyn khng quan trng cho php
thay i tc 5% so vi tc c.
+ Nu gi nguyn t s truyn i th phi tin c hai bnh ai m bo:
i=
D1
D2
+ Nu b mt bnh ai b mn qua v vnh ai dy th tin hnh tin

vnh ngoi p bc sa cha sau gia cng c.
+ i vi ai thang khi mn tin hnh tin su rnh. p dng i vi b
truyn cho php thay i tc 5% so vi tc c.
8.1.2. Sa cha ai truyn
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
49
ai b trng dn n trt ai. Nguyn nhn l do dy ai b dn trong

qu trnh lm vic do ta phi tin hnh cng ai tng gc m ca ai.
Dy ai b mn , b t th thay ai mi (chn ai c k hiu nh c).
8.2. Sa cha trc b truyn xch
Khi cn truyn chuyn ng t mt trc n nhiu trc song song m b
truyn bnh rng khng s dng c, b truyn ai khng chc chn th ta s
dng b truyn xch. Hin nay b truyn xch c s dng nhiu trong cc
ngnh ch to my.
8.2.1. Cc dng hng
Cc dng hng ca b truyn xch l:
- G b mt khp ni
- Khp ni cng b xoay.
- Bung cht xch hnh thnh t cng khp v cht b xoay.
- Mn bn l, gy cht.
- Xch b t.
- Con ln b v.
8.2.2. Phng php sa cha
- G b mt khp ni. Nguyn nhn l do thiu du bi trn v vy phng
php khc phc l ra xch, dng cht bi trn hp l.
- Khp ni cng b xoay. Nguyn nhn l do g st b n mn thay xch
mi
- Bung cht xch hnh thnh t cng khp v cht b xoay do qu ti Thay
xch mi.
- Mn bn l, gy cht do ma st, thiu du bi trn gy nn, lm cho s n
khp thng xuyn khng chnh xc, gy tut xch Thay xch mi.
- Xch b t do mn, do qu ti Ni li xch.
- Con ln b v do bi bn, do va p t ngt Lm sch v bi trn hp l
cho b truyn.
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
50
Chng IX:
bo tr sa cha b truyn bnh rng, bnh vt
9.1. B truyn bnh rng
9.1.1. Cc dng h hng ca b truyn bnh rng
Cc dng hng ca bnh rng rt a dng trong ch yu l :
- Mn mt lm vic ca rng v ma st v gia cc rng ngn khp vi
nhau trong qu trnh lm vic, nht l cc bnh rng di trt.
- Gy rng v qu ti t ngt hoc v chu mmen un vi chu k nh.
- Chp r b mt rng v mi tip xc
- v vnh rng
9.1.2. Sa cha bnh rng tr rng thng b mn
Nu mn t (lng mn vt qu gii hn cho php t) th c th hn rng.
i vi cc bnh rng khng quan trng mn cho php n 0,2mm vi m
un t 1-3mm; n 0,3 vi m un 4mm n 0,5mm vi m un trn 4mm.
Phng php hn p v b mt lm vic ca rng bng hn hi v hn
in rt thch hp vi cc bnh rng m un ln, chnh xc thp (cp 2 tr ln)
v dng trong cc b truyn h hoc na kn. i vi bnh rng quan trng
khng nn dng phng php ny v lp hn p c sc bn tip xc thp v
kh gia cng chnh x. Nhng bnh rng m un nh b mn t c th p
bng hn in hn quang rung.
Khi hn phc hi rng, tt nht l dng kim loi p tng t kim loi
nn ( kim loi ca bnh rng). Khng nn hn p nhng bnh rng bng thp
hp kim .
1_dng ng
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
51
- Nu bnh rng lm vic mt chiu th rng ch mn mt pha, c th dng li

bng cch lp o chiu bnh rng. Nu may bnh rntg c hnh dng i
xng ( i xng qua mt phng vung gc vi ng tm v chia i chiu
rng vnh rng) th khng phi o may ng thi vi o bnh rng.
- Nu cc bnh rng b mn nhiu th c th tin ht rng ri p bc sa cha,
sau gia cng rng. Lp bc c th bng keo dn, p nng hoc p ngui.
Nu rng c sa cha khng qua nhit th c th p bng keo dn. Nu c
nhit luyn th phi p. Dng phng php p nng l tt nht. Khi nhit
lun rng nn dng phng php ti b mt bng dng in cao tn hoc
bng ngn la xy axetilen. chng xoay cho bc c th dng vt hm hoc
hn theo chu vi lp ghp.
- Nu mt bnh rng trong b bnh rng bc b mn th nn sa cha bng
cch p bc ri mi lm rng trn bc.
- L bnh rng b mn c sa cha bng cch tin rng ri p bc bng vt
chng xoay, sau gia cng l bc t kch thc yu cu. i vi bnh rng
ti cng, trc khi tin l phi . Nu l bnh rng mn t, c th hn p
ri gia cng c, nhng trc khi hn p cung phi tin l rng chiu dy
lp kim loi p ln.
- Rnh then trong l bnh rng b h hng c sa cha theo cc bin php
nu phn sa cha then v rng then.
- Mt u rng b mn : lnh mn ny thng khng mg k v khng quan
trng nn khng cn x l.
9.1.3. Sa cha bnh rng nt vnh hoc moay
Nu nt vnh th hn hoc tp mt ming m vo ch nt. Tm tp
c hn hoc bt vt vo vnh bnh rng. Nu nt moay th hn hoc tin
sn mt ngoi moay mt on ngn ri p ai thp vo ngn nga vt nt
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
52
pht trin. Mt mt moay b mn c th c tin bt cho phng hoc hn

p gia cng c.
Cc bnh rng sau khi sa cha phi tho mn cc s liu trong cc bng
t bng 9.1 n bng 9.3 v nhng yu cu sau y:
+ Cc yu cu k thut c bn ca chi tit mi.
+ bm tt ca lp p, ni vi kim loi nn mt rng khng c c vt
xc hoc c vt gia cng c.
+ o mt nt ca vnh rng khng c qu 0,1- 0,2mm
Bng 9.1: Tc vng gii hn v chnh xc ca bnh rng tr
Dng b
truyn
Rng thng
Tc vng gii hn Vmax, m/s ng vi cc cp chnh xc

ca b truyn theo TCVN 1067-72
6
10
n 15
n 10
n 6
n 2
n 1
Rng nghing n 25
n 20
n 10
n 3,5
n 2
Bng 9.2: Dung sai o hng knh ca vnh bnh rng tr, m
(Theo TCVN1067-71)
Cp
Dung sai ng knh vng chia, mm
chnh un
50
50-80
80-
120-
200-
320-
500-
120
200
320
500
800
xc
(mm)
1-16
20
26
32
38
45
50
58
1-30
32
42
50
58
70
80
95
1-50
50
65
80
95
110
120
150
2,5-50
80
105
120
180
180
200
240
10
2,5-50
120
170
20
240
280
320
380
11
2,5-50
200
260
320
380
450
500
600
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
53
Bng 9.3: Dung sai ca sai s hng rng, khng song song v xin
ca cc ng tm bnh rng tr (Theo TCVN 1067-71)
Cp
chnh
Dung sai, m, theo chiu rng vnh rng, mm
M un
(mm)
55
55-110
111-160
160-220
220-320
1- 16
13
15
17
19
22
1-30
17
19
21
21
28
1-50
21
24
26
36
36
2,5-50
26
30
34
38
45
10
2,5-50
34
38
42
48
55
11
2,5-50
42
48
52
58
70
xc
Bng 9.4: H hng trong cc b truyn bnh rng tr

H hng
D on nguyn nhn
Cch s l
Vt liu bnh rng b mn

v lm vic lu vi ti
Thay bnh rng, kim tra
Trc b mt lm
trng ln. B mt lm vic nht ca du nu cn
vic ca rng
ca rng b qu ti khng
thi thay du. nu thiu
du bi trn hoc
du th b xung
khng nht
Xc b mt lm
Rng b lm vic trong
Bi trn b truyn ng
vic ca rng
iu kin ma st kh
cc ch quy nh
qu, chng mt
C bn, bi, ht mi hoc
Lau chi sch v bi trn
hnh dng ca
mt st lt vo b truyn
hp l
Rng b qu ti hoc c
nu cch sa cha
vt l lt vo
trn nu cn th thay th
Rng mn nhanh
prfin rng
Gy rng
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
54
Gim khong cch trc

(nu c th), iu chnh
B truyn lm vic
n qu km theo va Khong cch trc ln qu
p
b truyn Nu cn m
bo khong cch trc v
t s truyn th thay th
bnh rng mi
Gim chiu dy rng hoc
B truyn b kt v
Khe h cnh rng qu b
thay rng mi (nu cn
nng qu
thm ch bng 0
gi khong cch trc)

tng khong cch trc
9.2. B truyn trc vt- bnh vt

B truyn trc vt bnh vt c s rng rng ri trong cc my ct kim loi
v nhng c cu chia . Trc vt thng lm lin vi trc nhng trc vt ln
c th ch to ri vi trc.
9.2.1. Cc dng h hng ca b truyn trc vt
Mn rng trc vt v bnh vt; sy st mt rng; trc r hoc st m
rng bnh vt; mn l bnh vt; mn ngng trc bnh vt; nt cc chi tit ca
b truyn, rng bnh vt khng u..v.v.
9.2.2. Sa cha b truyn trc vt
Bng 9.5: H hng thng gp ca b truyn trc vt bnh vt
H hng
D on nguyn nhn
Cch khc phc
Cc ng tm ca trc iu chnh v sa lp
Truyn ng nng hoc vt v bnh vt khng Tng
kt tc
khong
cch
vung gc vi nhau. khe trc ( nu c th) Gia

h cnh rng nh qu
cng nh bt trc vt
Trc vt quay v bnh Tt c cc b phn u Thay hoc sa cha

vt khng quay
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
mn qu lm cho rng nh nu trn
55
trc vt v bnh vt Thay bnh vt

khng vi ti nhau
t rng bnh vt v qu
ti
Khe h chiu trc ca
iu chnh khe h
bnh vt hoc trc vt Mn trc
trc nu cn th thay
qu ln
Hnh trnh t do ca Mn cc chi tit rng Thay trc vt v bnh

trc vt ln qu
bnh vt v trc vt
vt
Xut hin cc mt ng Khng c hoc khng Lau sch ri y

trong b truyn
du bi trn
ng
tm
du bi trn
trc
vt
khng nm trong mt
Rng bnh vt ch mn phng trung bnh ca
mt u( mn khng bnh vt ( Khi th bng
u)
sn thy vt sn rng
bnh vt b lch v mt
iu chnh bnh vt
theo chiu trc t tr
s cho php trong
bng 5-21
pha
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
56
Chng X: Bo tr sa cha trc khuu, thanh

truyn
10.1. Trc khuu

L chi tit trung gian ni gia ngun chuyn ng trc khuu. N lm
nhim v truyn lc tc dng t ngun chuyn ng xung lm quay trc
khuu v lm bin i chuyn ng tnh tin thnh chuyn ng quay hoc
chuyn ng quay thnh chuyn ng tch tin.
10.1.1. Kim tra s b
+ Dng mt quan st, pht hin cc vt co xc chy r rn nt
+ Kim tra van: - Dng panme trong kim tra mn ca cn, van ca
tng c mi c o 3 v tr cch m khuu 3-8mm. van xc nh bng
hiu s 2 ng knh vung gc o c trn cng mt tit din (mt ct
ngang) trc - cn xc nh bng hiu 2 ng knh trong cng mt mt
phng dc ng tm trc 2 v tr o
- cn, van cho php khng qu 0,05mm Nu ln hn th phi mi li
theo ct sa cha.
+ Kim tra cn xon :
- Lp trc khuu ln 2 gi ( hoc lp ln 2 mi chng tm )dng ng
h so cong ca trc ti v tr ca trc gia.
- Lp trc khuu ln gi ( hoc lp trn 2 mi chng tm )o chiu
cao ca 2 c bin cng phng hiu s ca 2 tr s o c l
xon ca trc.
10.1.2. Nguyn nhn gy h hng
Cc c trc v c bin b mn v khng u gy nn cn v van cc c trc
- Do trc chu ti trng nng lun thay i c v phng chiu v tr s
- Do cht lng du bi trn km, c nhiu tp cht bn trong du bi
trn
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57
- C trc, c bin b mn lm tng khe h lp ghp gy va p trong qu

trnh lm vic.
- B mt c trc b co xc dn nt, chy d do thiu du bi trn, du
bn
- i khi trc b cong xon do ph ti thay i ch t ngt s dng
v sa cha khng m bo yu cu k thut do tho lp khng ng k
thut.
10.1.3. Cc phng php khc phc, sa cha
- Nu cn v van nh hn 0,05 mm v c vt xc nh th dng giy
nhm mn bi du dng dy qun vo trc nh bng li
- Nu cn v van ln hn th ta phi mi li kch thc sa cha. Mi
ct sa cha nh i 0,25 mm
- Nu trc b cong, xon th phi nn li trn my p thu lc
10.2. Thanh truyn
Thanh truyn l chi tit lm vic trong iu kin chu p lc phc tp lun
thay i c v phng chiu v tr s
Hnh 10.1: Thanh truyn
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10.2.1. S h hng ca thanh truyn

- Thanh truyn b cong : N lm cho pitstong hoc con trt i lch v
mt pha do n lm gim i tnh kn kht gia pitston hoc lm gim i ma
sat trut, do khng th trnh khi ma st m xi lanh, pitston hay mt con
trt s mn mt cch nhanh chng.
- Thanh truyn b xon : Lm cho ng tm ca l u ca thanh truyn
v u nh ca thanh truyn khng cng nm trn cng b mt ca mt mt
phng,pitston xoay lch i trong xy lanh, bc u to, bc u nh trong thanh
truyn mn nhanh, thanh truyn b mn rng ch u to, l u nh do bc b
xoay lm khe h lp ghp mn nhanh gy va p b kt khi lm vic
- i khi thanh truyn b gy. Bulng cu b nhn gy cho pitston b b
kt trong xi lanh
- Thanh truyn b t gy nh hng n chi tt khc
10.2.2. Kim tra thanh truyn
- Quan st xem bulng cu c b mn khng?
-Kim tra cc l phun du xem xt c b tc khng?
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Chng XI: Bo tr sa cha bng my, bn dao, bn

my, bng trt
11.1. Bng my
Bng my l b mt quan trng khi lm vic ca cc my ct kim
loi,c nh hng n chnh xc ca cc chi tit ra cng. Bng my li l
b mt lm vic ca thn my nn vic sa cha n phi ht sc thn trng v
t m
11.1.1. Cc iu kin k thut m bo khi sa cha bng my
- Bng my phi thng v phng cc b mt ca bng my phi song song vi
nhau .
- Sau khi sa cha ln cui cc bng my lm vic theo ma st trt, cc vt
sn tip sc khi kim tra bng thc thng, mt phng v mt trt ca chi tit
i tip phi bng hoc ln hn cc tr s cho trong bng ( 11.1) v phi phn
b u.
Bng 11.1: S im sn tip xc t nht cn c ca cc bng my ma st trt
khi kim tra bng thc thng hoc mt phng mu.
B mt
S im sn tip xc/ 25x25
ivi my chnh xc cao
20
ivi my chnh xc thng
16
Mt trt bn my
10
Mt trt bn dao v con trt
10
- Trn b mt bng my khng c c vt xc, r, lm, vt gia cng c ( tr

vn co), ba via...
- cng phi ng u trn ton b b mt.
- Bng my di n 1.5 m khng c qu 3 ch hn p. Bng my di trn
1,5m khng c qu 6 ch hn p.
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60
- m bo vung gc gia cc b mt bng my nm ngang v b mt

bng my thng ng ( cc my mi trn...)
- Ch chuyn tip t mt khng gia cng n mt gia cng hoc gia cc mt
gia cng vi nhau phi vt hoc ln trn.
11.1.2. Cc phng php sa cha bng my
Tu theo chiu dy lp kim loi c ly i nguyn cng gia cng ch
yu, ngi ta phn bit 3 phng php sa cha bng my ch yu: Phng
php co, phng php mi v phng php bo hoc phay.
a. Phng php co
Chn phng php sa cha bng my
Bng 11.2: Chn phng php sa cha bng my
mn, mm
Phng php sa cha
0,2
(Co ) hoc (co + mi nghin)
0,3
(mi) hoc ( da+ co)
0,3-0,5
0,5
(bo tinh hoc da)+(co hoc mi nghin)

Bo th ri bo tinh, sau mi bo hoc co.
Khi co, phi co ch t mn nht, lng d co khng c qu tr s cho

trong bng 11.3. Trong qu trnh co phi kim tra phng ca mt c co
bng s vt sn in vo dng thc hay mt phng mu kim tra. Mi ln
kim tra, phi chi sch vt sn c b mt bng my, chi sch thc kim
bng khn c thm xng ri lau bng khn lau kh, sau pht sn ln bng
my. Lp sn tht u v mng, co cng tinh, lp sn kim tra phi cng
mng mun vy ta dng mt thc kim khc gt u ln bng my.
Lng d cho co, mm (Bng 11.3):
Bng 11.3: Lng d cho co, mm
Chiu
rng mt
phng
Chiu di mt phng c co, mm

100 - 500
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500- 1000
1000-2000 2000-4000 4000-6000
61
c co,
mm
100
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.15
100-500
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.20
Khi co, ngoi thng v phng cn kim tra song song ca cc b

mt bng my (bng ng h so v g) v cong vnh ca ton b bng
(bng nivo v cu kim tra c bc ngang qua bng my).
Phng php co m bo cht lng b mt mt cao nhng tn sc, nng
sut thp v t tin, v vy nn thay bng mi tnh hoc kt hp co vi mi
nghin bng bt mi; i khi c th dng bo vi dao bo rng bn t nng
sut rt cao.
b) Phng php mi: Nguyn cng mi c th tin hnh trn my mi chuyn
dng hoc trn my bo ging, my phay ging vi g mi. Dng
mi hnh bt tr (hoc bt cn) ng knh 100 175mm, tc ct 30
40m/s. Cn c th dng mt g mi rt gn nh t trc tip ln bng my
cn sa cha v dch chuyn bng truyn ng xch.
Bng 11.4: Cc dng co v cng dng.
Dng
co
Chiu
rng mi
cao
Chiu
S vt tip xc
di
t c trong
ng
mi vung 25
Cng dng
cao, mm x 25mm
Co ch c vt sn tip
Th
20-25
10
4-6
xc to qu, chun b b
mt co bn tinh
Gia cng ln cui cc
Bn tinh
12-16
5-10
8-15
bng my, mt trt ca

bn my bn co.
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62
Tinh
5-10
3-5
20-25
Tinh
Gia cng tinh dng c

kim tra
D trang tr, to vn ho
Phng php mi m bo chnh xc cao v nng sut cao, v vy n

c s dng rng ri cc nc tin tin sa cha bng my. Ngi ta
thng kt hp mi bng my v co mt trc ca cc chi tit i tip (nh
ng, bn dao dc my tin, mt trt bn my bo,vv)
c) Phng php bo: Phng php ny rt thch hp sa cha nhng bng
my b mn nhiu. My c sa cha phi bt cht trn my bo ging v
iu chnh cn thn bng ng h so. Khi kp cht ng sit bulng qu mc
v c th lm cho bng my b bin dng n hi, khng t c chnh
xc sau khi gia cng.
Thot tin bo th, sau dng ng h so kim tra thng v iu
chnh bng chm. Bo tinh bng dao bo rng bn c gn mnh hp kim BK6
hoc BK8, chiu rng li ct ca dao ti 40mm. Mt trc v sau ca dao
c gia cng tinh bng mi nghin. Khi bo g nghing li ct i 15 -300 so
vi ng vung gc ca phng tin dao gim lc ct, tng nhn gia
cng. Lng d bo tinh nn ly l 0,3 0,6 mm v gia cng lm 4-7 bc:
Hai bc u vi chiu su ct 0.08 0.12mm; ba, bn bc sau vi chiu su
ct 0.05mm; bo tinh l nguyn cng cui cng ca cng vic sa cha. Sau
khi bo tinh bng my c th t nhn b mt 7, 8, sai s v phng
v vnh khng qu 0.02mm trn chiu di 1000mm.
Nu khng c dao bo rng bn, c th bo th ri co hoc mi.
Ngoi ba phng php c bn trn, cc phng php kt hp nhiu hnh
thc gia cng (co, mi, bo , mi nghin) cng c dng rng ri nhm mc
ch pht huy u im ca tng hnh thc gia cng c cc giai on sa
cha bng my (th, bn tinh, tinh) t nng sut cao, nhn b mt v
chnh xc hp yu cu k thut.
11.1.3. Sa cha bng my tin
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
63
Hnh 11.1. Mt ct ngang bng my tin thng dng

Sa cha bng my tin. Hnh 11.1: Gii thiu kt cu thng gp nht
ca mt ct ngang. Bng my tin thng dng, trnh t sa cha bng my ny
bng phng php co nh sau:
- t thn my ln gi hoc bn phng hoc nn cng trn cc chm. iu
chnh thng bng g t. Dng niv khung kim tra thng ng ca mt
cnh u lp trc. Sai lch cho php khng qu, 0.04-0.05mm trn chiu
di 1000mm. Dng ni v t dc theo mt 6 kim tra thng bng theo
phng nm ngang, sai lch khng qu 0,02mm trn chiu di 1000mmm.
Dng thc thng t dc theo mt 6 kim tra cong vnh g t hoc t
thc thng dc theo mt 11 cng c.
- Co mt 6 (cc mt 3, 4 l mt trt ca sau) t chnh xc v thng v
phng. khng thng khng vt qu 0,02mm trn 1000mm. Kim tra
phng bng vt sn tip xc. Phi dt 10 vt sn trn mi din tch 25 x
25mm. C th dng mt 11 v mt 12 lm chun kim tra mt 6. Mt 11 v
12 dng nh v khi lp thanh rng khp vi bnh rng trong hp xe dao.
Hai mt ny khng b mn nn khi sa cha khng gia cng chng.
- Co hai mt 3 v 4. Kim tra thng bng thc mu. khng thng
khng vt qu 0,02mm trn 1000mmm. Nh vy nu dng thc mu di
mt mt t dc theo cc mt 3 v 4 th khng ch no c khe h c th la
cn l dy 0.02mm tr ln. Thc mu c dch chuyn trn sut chiu di
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b mt cn kim tra. Kim tra thng bng ca mt 3 v 4 kt hp vi mt 6

bng cch t niv khung trn sau (mt tip xc vi bng my ca
sau c co sa chnh xc) ri dch chuyn sau trn sut chiu di
bng my. Sai s v thng bng hoc xon v ca ba mt 3, 4, 6 cho
php ti 0,02mm trn chiu di 1000mm.
- Co cc mt trt dnh cho bn dao. Trc tin co mt 7. thng c
kim tra bng thc thng, sai s cho php ti 0,02mm trn 1000mm. song
song ca mt 7 vi cc mt 3, 4, 6 c kim tra ng h so t trn sau
(Hnh 11.2).
Hnh 11.2: Kim tra song song ca cc mt 1, 2, 7, 8, 10

vi nhau v vi cc mt 3, 4, 6 (S ch cc mt hnh 11.1)
- khng song song cho ph khng qu 0,02mm trn 1000mm.
- Co mt 8. Yu cu k thut v cch kim tra ging mt 7.
- Co mt 2. Yu cu k thut v cch kim tra ging mt 7.
- Kim tra tng th ba mt 2, 7, 8 bng cch t bn trt dc ca bn dao ln
ba mt ny.
t niv ln bn trt dc v kim tra thng bng theo hai phng vung
gc trong mt phng ngang ca cm mt 2, 7, 8. Dch chuyn bn trt dc
theo chiu di bng my. cong vnh v mt thng bng cho php khng
vt qu 0,02mm trn 1000mm.
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65
t gi ng h so ln bn trt dc ln bn trt dc v dng ng h so

kim tra song song ca cc mt 2, 7, 8 vi hai mt 11 v 12. khng
song song cho php l 0,1mm trn sut chiu di bng my.
- Co hai mt 1 v 10. thng c kim tra bng thc mu. song song
ca mt 1 v 10 vi cc mt 2, 4, 8 c kim tra bng ng h so gn trn
bn trt dc ca bn dao. khng song song gia mt 1 v 10 vi cc mt
2, 7, 8 cho php ti 0,03mm trn ton b chiu di bng my. Cng c th
dng panme kim tra song song gia mt 1 v 2 bng cch o tr s
khong cch ca hai mt ny ti mt s v tr cch u nhau trn sut chiu
di bng my.
- Cc mt 5 v 9 khng phi sa cha.
Trn y ta thy r rng dng cc mt 3, 4, 6 (cc mt trt dc dnh cho
sau) lm chun trong qu trnh sa cha vi bng my tin va xt thuc nhm
I, cc mt 3, 4, 6 b mn rt t.
Cng c th hai mt 11 v 12 lm chun trong sut qu trnh sa cha nhng
hi kh s dng cc trong khi sa cha. Cu vn nng phc tp, kh kim,
nn hai mt 11 v 12 t c dng sa cha dng c kim tra. Nu dng hai
mt ny lm chun, phi dng cu kim tra vn nng
11.2. Bn dao my tin
11.2.1. Bn trt dc
Bn trt dc ni cng vi hp xe dao v mang ton b xe dao cng bn
dao chuyn ng tnh tin dc bng my. Phc hi bn trt dc phc tp nht
v tn nhiu thi gian nht so vi sa cha cc chi tit khc ca bn giao. Khi
sa cha bn trt dc cn phi phc hi.
- song song gia cc mt 1,2,3,4 vi nhau ( hnh 11.3) v song song ca
chng vi ng tm 5 ca vtme chy giao ngang.
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66
Hnh 11.3: Bn trt dc ca bn dao may tin 1K62

- song song theo phng ngang (a-a, a1 a ) v phng dc (b-b, b1 - b1) ca
cc mt 1 v 3 vi mtj lp ghp ca bn trt dc vi hp xe dao ( tc l vi
mt 6)
- vung gc gia cc mt 1,2,3,4 vi cc mt 7 v 8( hai mt trt trn
sng trt bng my)
- vung gc gia cc mt 6 vi mt lp hp chy dao trn thn my.
- ng tm gia cc l lp trn trc vt me, trc trn trc xe dao vi l
lp trn trc ny trn trc chy dao.
Khi sa cha bn trt dc, phi m bo cc bnh rng hp xe dao n
khp tt vi thanh rng chy dao dc v bnh rng v xch chy dao ngang,
ng thi phi m bo cc chui kch thc c lp ghp lin quan ca my.
Khng ln bt u sa cha cc mt 7, 8, v 9 v sau khi sa cha cc
b mt khc s tn nhiu cng sc v thi gian. Hp l nht l bt u t cc
mt 1, 2, 3, 4.
11.2.2. Bn trt ngang
Bn trt ngang lp trn bn trt dc thc hin chuyn ng chy
giao ngang. Yu cu k thut ch yu ca bn trt ngang l thng ca cc
mt 1, 2, 3, 4 (Hnh 11.4) v song song gia mt 1 v 2. Khi sa cha bn
trt ngang tin nht l s dng phng php mi. K thut gia cng v kim
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67
tra k thut ccc mt trc v sau khi gia cng nu t m phn sa cha
bn trt dc.
Hnh 11.4: Bn trt ngang ca bn dao my tin
11.2.3. Bn trt quay

- Co mt 1 (Hnh 11.5) v kim tra tip xc bng vt sn gia mt ny v
b mt i tip vi n ca bn trt ngang sa cha tt. S vt sn tip xc
phi t t 8-10 im trn din tch 25x25mm.
Hnh 11.5: Bn trt gia dao (bn quay) lp trn g sa cha

- nh v bn quay ln g 6 bng mt va co (mt 1) lp c cm ln bn
my mi, iu chnh song song ca mt 3 v 4 vi hng chuyn ng ca
bn my, sai lch cho php khng vt qu 0,02mm.
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68
- Mi ln lt cc mt 2,6,3,4 bng mt u mi bng bt cn, ht 3646, cng CM1- CM2, nhn b mt gia cng 7. Trong khi mi khng
c chi tit nng ln v nh vy s gy sai s gia cng do gin n nhit.
- Kim tra song song gia mt 2 v 5 vi mt 1 bng pan me. o khong
cch gia mt 1 vi mt 2 v 5 ti 4, 5 ch. khng song song khng vt
qu 0,02mm trn ton b chiu di mt 3 ,4. Kim tra gc nghing 550 ca cc
mt 2 vi 3 v 4 vi 5 bng dng. Nu sai s qu ln phi co sa li cc
mt 2,3,4,5
Bin son: L Vn Hiu
69
Ti liu tham kho

1. Phm p, Nguyn Hoa ng
My cng c 1,
Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni 1985.
2. Trn Vn ch, Nguyn Trng Bnh, Nguyn Th t, Nguyn Vit
Tip, Trn Xun Vit
Cng ngh ch to my,
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni 2003.
3. T Xun Gip
S tay th sa cha c kh,
Nh xut bn i hc v gio dc chuyn nghip, H Ni 1991.
4. Nguyn Ngc Cnh, Nguyn Trng Hi
Cng ngh sa cha my cng c,
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni 1982.
5. Trn Hu Qu
V k thut c kh-tp 1,
Nh xut bn gio dc, Tp.HCM 2006.
6. Trn Hu Qu, ng Vn C, Nguyn Vn Tun
V k thut c kh-tp 2,
Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni 2005.
7. Ninh c Tn, Nguyn Th Xun By
Gio trnh dung sai lp ghp v k thut o lng
8. Hong Tng
Gio trnh vt liu v cng ngh c kh,
Bin son: L Vn Hiu

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2

Bin son: L Vn Hiu

Chng VI: Bo tr sa cha trc vt me v b truyn vt me- ai c......... 38

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Chng I: hng dn tho my

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Mi thit b vo cm my tho ra phi tng ng vi phiu sa cha

Trong : P l lc tho lp (tn)

Trong : t l nhit cn t nng

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tho lp cc chi tit nng nn dng cn trc hoc pa lng trng

Hnh 1.1. u kp con ln c ui vt cnh

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b. u kp c ming chn: Dng tho cc vt cy nhng khng lm

Hnh1.2: u kp c ming chn

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vo l khoan trong vt cy b gy, nh cnh sc ca mi chit nn khi xoy vt

Hnh 1.3: Cc phng php tho vt

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Tho khp ni trc bng cht: Dng c tho: Dng t, ba tho, lc

Hnh 1.4: Tho khp ni trc bng cht

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Hnh 1.6: Khp li hp cn ma st

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Hnh 1.7: Khp li hp ma st a

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Hnh 1.8: B du ra chi tit my

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1.4. S tm tt qu trnh sa cha my

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Chng II : Bo tr sa cha cc mi ghp c nh

2.1. Mi ghp ren

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- Cn c theo hnh dng b mt th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren tr v

Hnh 2.1: Ren: a) Ren cn; b) Ren tr;

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Hnh 2.3: Th hin ren theo h Anh v h mt.

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Ren b mn t hoc m trn bu lng hoc trc c ren.

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Tu theo h hng m p dng mt trong cc bin php sa cha

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- Cc chi tit ca mi ghp b nt tu tnh trng s hn phc hi hoc thay

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Trong trng hp ny chng ta x l rt n gin theo cch sau: ly phn

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- Dp, v, st m then hoa.

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Chng III: Bo tr sa cha trc tm v trc truyn

Trong sa cha cc trc tm v trc truyn chng ta phn trc lm ba

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3.1.2. Phc hi ngng trc ti kch thc ban u

Hnh 3.1: Phc hi trc mn bng cch p bc trung gian

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3.3. Trc b cong

Hnh 3.2: Nn trc

Hnh 3.3: Nung nng cc b

3.4. Trc b nt hoc gy

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Hnh 3.4: Phc hi trc gy hoc nt nghim trng

Hnh 3.5: Phc hi trc gy c on ni thm

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Chng IV: bo tr sa cha trc chnh