Công Nghệ Điện Thoại IP - Thái Quang Tùng, 112 Trang

1
SVTH: THAI QUANG TUNG
MUC LUC
Li noi u ....................................................................................... 3
Chng 1: Dch vu in thoai IP ................................................. 5
1. in thoai IP........................................................................... 5
1.1 Gii thiu............................................................................ 5
1.2 Cac ng dung cua in thoai IP....................................... 7
1.3 Li ch cua in thoai IP................................................... 9
1.4 u im va nhc im cua in thoai IP.................... 10
2. Phat trin dch vu in thoai IP .......................................... 11
2.1 Kha nng trin khai dch vu in thoai IP................... 11
2.1 Cac yu cu khi phat trin in thoai IP...................... 12
2.3 Nhng kho khn khi trin khai dch vu ....................... 13
2.4 Xu hng phat trin ........................................................ 14
3. H323 - tiu chun ap dung cho in thoai IP .................... 14
3.1 Gii thiu.......................................................................... 14
3.2 Cu hnh mang theo chun H323.................................. 15
3.3 Cac giao thc H323 tham chiu n.............................. 20
Chng 2: X ly cuc goi ............................................................ 28
1. Cac thu tuc thc hin trn knh H225 RAS ...................... 28
1.1 Tm gatekeeper................................................................ 28
1.2 Thu tuc ng k vi gatekeeper ..................................... 29
1.3 nh v im cui............................................................. 31
http://www.ebooks.vdcmedia.com
1.4 Cac thu tuc khac .............................................................. 31

2. Cuc goi gia hai im cui trong mang H323 .................. 32
2.1 nh tuyn knh iu khin va bao hiu...................... 32
2.2 Cac thu tuc bao hiu va x l cuc goi ........................... 35
Chng 3: Xy dng gateway gia mang PSTN va mang IP. 71
1. Khai quat chung.................................................................... 71
1.1 Muc tiu............................................................................ 71
1.2 Mi trng phat trin ..................................................... 73
1.3 Cu hnh th nghim ...................................................... 74
2. Xac nh giai phap phn cng. ............................................ 74
2.1 Xem xet mt s giai phap phn cng........................... 74
2.2 Cu truc phn cng......................................................... 77
2.3 Gii thiu kin truc Dm3 cua Card Dm3/IP Link........ 78
1.3 Cu truc chng trnh..................................................... 86
Chng 4: Xy dng phn mm x l cuc goi cho gateway..... 89
1. La chon m hnh lp trnh............................................. 89
2. Th vin AFC cho card Dm3/IP Link.............................. 94
3. Xy dng may trang thai .................................................. 97
4. Xy dng chng trnh ................................................... 102
Kt lun va khuyn ngh............................................................ 105
Thut ng va t vit tt ............................................................. 108
Tai liu tham khao ...................................................................... 111
LI NOI U
Trn th gii, cng ngh in thoai IP a c thng mai hoa

t nm 1995, vi li th gia cc thp, cht lng dch vu co th chp
nhn a lam nhiu nha kinh doanh vin thng quan tm. Tai Vit
Nam, dch vu nay cung va mi c a vao s dung nhng con
mang tnh cht th nghim. Qua mt thi gian s dung, nh gia cc
re hn hn so vi dch vu thoai truyn thng, dch vu nay thc s a
mang lai nhng li ch to ln cho ngi s dung.
Nhn thy kha nng phat trin cua dch vu nay trong tng
lai, Vin khoa hoc va ky thut bu in a trin khai, nghin cu
nhiu tai khoa hoc v cng ngh thoai IP, tin hanh xy dng th
nghim san phm Gateway PSTN - IP va a thanh cng vi gateway
dung lng 4 knh thoai tng t. Hin tai, vic phat trin gateway
vi dung lng lung E1 ang c Phong nghin cu dch vu mi
va t ng hoa trin khai xy dng co th ap dung tai cac bu
in tnh.
Trong thi gian thc tp tai Phong nghin cu dch vu mi va
t ng hoa, em a c tham gia vao nhom nghin cu phat trin
san phm gateway. V vy, em a la chon tai X l cuc goi
dch vu in thoai IP va ng dung trong Gateway PSTN-IP

lam an tt nghip.
an c chia lam 4 chng nh sau:
+ Chng 1: Gii thiu dch vu in thoai IP, a ra nhng
ng dung, li ch cua dch vu nay, xem xet cac u im, nhc im
cua cng ngh thoai IP, kha nng phat trin dch vu, nghin cu tiu
chun c ap dung.
+ Chng 2: i su vao vn x l cuc goi, trc tin la
cuc goi gia hai im cui trong cung mang IP vi cac trng hp
khac nhau, sau o la cuc goi co s tham gia cua mang chuyn mach
knh.
+ Chng 3: Gii thiu d an phat trin san phm Gateway
PSTN - IP vi giao tip mang thoai la lung E1. Trong chng nay
a ra muc tiu cn at c, cac giai phap phn cng, gii thiu
kin truc phn cng, phn chia cu truc phn mm.
+ Chng 4: ng dung c s l thuyt trong chng 2 xy
dng thit k phn mm x l cuc goi cho gateway.
Em xin chn thanh cam n s hng dn tn tnh cua PGS

PTS H Anh Tuy, Ths inh Vn Dung a giup em hoan thanh an
nay.
Sinh vin thc hin
Thai Quang Tung
CHNG 1: DCH VU IN THOAI IP
1. in thoai IP
1.1 Gii thiu
Trong in thoai thng thng, tn hiu thoai co tn s nm
trong khoang 0.4 - 3.3 KHz c ly mu vi tn s 8KHz theo
Nyquyst. Sau o cac mu se c lng t hoa vi 8bit/mu va c
truyn vi tc 64KHz n mang chuyn mach sau o c truyn
ti ch. bn nhn, dong s 64 Kbps nay c giai ma cho ra tn
hiu thoai tng t.
64 Kbps
Ly
mu 8
KHz
Lng t hoa
8bit/mu
110001.
Chuyn
mach
thng
Thc cht thoai qua mang IP (Voice over IP - VoIP) cung khng
hoan toan khac hn in thoai thng thng. u tin tn hiu thoai
cung c s hoa, nhng sau o thay v truyn trn mang PSTN qua
cac trng chuyn mach, chung se c nen xung tc thp, ong
goi va chuyn ln mang IP. Tai bn nhn, cac goi tin nay c giai
nen thanh cac lung PCM 64 Kb truyn n thu bao b goi. S khac
nhau chnh la mang truyn dn va khun dang thng tin dung
truyn dn. Trn hnh 1.2 a ra v du v mt cuc goi VoIP:
Gia s thu bao A mun goi n thu bao B. Thu bao A
quay s in thoai cua thu bao B. Mang PSTN co nhim vu phn
tch a ch va kt ni n gateway1. Tai y a ch cua B lai c
phn tch va gateway 1 xac nh c thu bao B c kim soat bi
gateway2. No se thit lp mt phin lin kt vi gateway2. Cac thng
tin bao hiu ma gateway1 nhn c t PSTN se c chuyn i
thch hp sang dang goi va truyn n gateway2.
Tai gateway2, cac goi tin lai c chuyn i ngc lai va
truyn sang mang PSTN. Mang PSTN co nhim vu nh tuyn cuc
goi n thu bao B. Cac thng tin tra li se c chuyn i ngc lai
qua gateway2 n gateway1.
Sau khi cuc goi c thit lp, cac gateway co nhim vu
chuyn i gia cac goi tin thoai trn mang IP va cac lung PCM
truyn trn mang PSTN .
P S T N
Gateway I
Gateway II
Internet/
Hnh 1 2:inthoaiIP
Ngoai cu hnh phone to phone trn, dch vu thoai IP con

cho phep cac PC ( Personal Computer ) co trang b in thoai trong
cac mang LAN co th trao i thoai vi nhau (cu hnh PC to PC) va
vi cac thu bao in thoai trong mang PSTN (cu hnh PC to phone
hay phone to PC) nh trong hnh 1.2.
1.2 Cac ng dung cua in thoai IP
Giao tip thoai se vn la dang giao tip c ban cua con ngi.
Mang in thoai cng cng khng th b n gian thay th, thm ch
thay i trong thi gian ti. Muc ch tc thi cua cac nha cung cp
dch vu in thoai IP la tai tao lai kha nng cua in thoai vi mt
chi ph vn hanh thp hn nhiu va a ra cac giai phap ky thut b
sung cho mang PSTN.
in thoai co th c ap dung cho gn nh moi yu cu cua
giao tip thoai, t mt cuc am thoai n gian cho n mt cuc goi
hi ngh nhiu ngi phc tap. Cht lng m thanh c truyn
cung co th bin i tuy theo ng dung. Ngoai ra, vi kha nng cua
Internet, dch vu in thoai IP se cung cp thm nhiu tnh nng
mi.
Ta co th xem xet mt vai ng dung trc mt cua in thoai:
Thoai thng minh
H thng in thoai ngay cang tr nn hu hiu: re, ph bin,
d s dung, c ng. Nhng no hoan toan ng ngn. No ch co mt
s phm iu khin . Trong nhng nm gn y, ngi ta a c
gng tao ra thoai thng minh, u tin la cac thoai ban, sau la
n cac server. Nhng moi c gng u tht bai do s tn tai cua cac
h thng co sn.
Intrnet se thay i iu nay. K t khi Internet phu khp toan
cu, no a c s dung tng thm tnh thng minh cho mang
in thoai toan cu. Gia mang may tnh va mang in thoai tn tai
mt mi lin h. Internet cung cp cach giam sat va iu khin cac
cuc thoai mt cach tin li hn. Chung ta co th thy c kha
nng kim soat va iu khin cac cuc thoai thng qua mang
Internet.
Dch vu in thoai Web
"World Wide Web" a lam cuc cach mang trong cach giao dch
vi khach hang cua cac doanh nghip. in thoai Web hay " bm s"
(click to dial) cho phep cac nha doanh nghip co th a thm cac
phm bm ln trang web kt ni ti h thng in thoai cua ho.
Dch vu bm s la cach d nht va an toan nht a thm cac
knh trc tip t trang Web cua ban vao h thng in thoai.
Truy cp cac trung tm tra li in thoai
Truy nhp n cac trung tm phuc vu khach hanh qua mang
Internet se thuc y manh me thng mai in t. Dch vu nay se
cho phep mt khach hanh co cu hoi v mt san phm c chao
hang qua Internet oc cac nhn vin cua cng ty tra li trc tuyn.
Dch vu fax qua IP
Nu ban gi nhiu fax t PC, c bit la gi ra nc ngoai th
vic s dung dch vu Internet faxing se giup ban tit kim c tin
va ca knh thoai. Dch vu nay se chuyn trc tip t PC cua ban qua
kt ni Internet. Hang nm, th gii tn hn 30 ty USD cho vic gi
fax ng dai. Nhng ngay nay Internet fax a lam thay i iu
nay.Vic s dung Internet khng nhng c m rng cho thoai ma
con cho ca dch vu fax.
Khi s dung dch vu thoai va fax qua Internet, co hai vn c
ban:
Nhng ngi s dung dch vu thoai qua Internet cn co chng
trnh phn mm chng han Quicknet's Internet PhoneJACK. Cu
hnh nay cung cp cho ngi s dung kha nng s dung thoai qua
Internet thay cho s dung in thoai ban truyn thng.
Kt ni mt gateway thoai qua Internet vi h thng in thoai
hin hanh. Cu hnh nay cung cp dch vu thoai qua Internet ging
nh vic m rng h thng in thoai hin hanh cua ban.
1.3 Li ch cua in thoai IP

Cng ngh VoIP se em lai nhng li ch chu yu sau:
Giam chi ph:
Mt gia cc chung se thc hin c vi mang Internet va do
o tit kim ang k cac dch vu thoai va fax. Ngi ta c tnh co
khoang 70% cac cuc goi n Chu A la gi fax, phn ln trong s
o co th c thay th bi FoIP (Fax over IP). S chia se chi ph
thit b va thao tac gia nhng ngi s dung thoai va d liu cung
tng cng hiu qua s dung mang bi le d tha bng tn trn
mang cua ngi nay co th c s dung bi mt ngi khac.
n gian hoa:
Mt c s ha tng tch hp h tr tt ca cac hnh thc thng tin
cho phep chun hoa tt hn va giam tng s thit b. C s ha tng
kt hp nay co th h tr vic ti u hoa bng tn ng.
Thng nht:
V con ngi la nhn t quan trong nhng cung d sai lm nht
trong mt mang vin thng, moi c hi hp nht cac thao tac, loai
bo cac im sai sot va thng nht cac im thanh toan se rt co ch.
Trong cac t chc kinh doanh, s quan l trn c s SNMP (Simple
Network Management Protocol) co th c cung cp cho ca dch vu
thoai va d liu s dung VoIP. Vic s dung thng nht giao thc IP
cho tt ca cac ng dung ha hen giam bt phc tap va tng cng
tnh mm deo. Cac ng dung lin quan nh dch vu danh ba va dch
vu an ninh mang co th c chia se d dang hn.
Nng cao ng dung:
Thoai va fax ch la cac ng dung khi u cho VoIP, cac li ch
trong thi gian dai hn c mong i t cac ng dung a phng
tin (multimedia) va a dch vu. Chng han cac giai phap thng
mai Internet co th kt hp truy cp Web vi vic truy nhp trc tip
n mt nhn vin h tr khach hang...
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1.4 u im va nhc im cua in thoai IP

V mt ky thut in thoai IP co nhng u im va nhc im
sau:
u im:
- Thng tin thoai trc khi a ln mang IP se c nen xung
dung lng thp (tuy theo ky thut nen), v vy se lam giam c lu
lng mang.
- Trong trng hp cuc goi mang chuyn mach knh mt
knh vt l se c thit lp va duy tr gia hai bn cho n khi mt
trong hai bn huy bo lin kt. Nh vy, trong khoang thi gian
khng co ting noi, tn hiu thoai vn c ly mu, lng t hoa va
truyn i. V vy, hiu sut ng truyn se khng cao. i vi in
thoai Internet co cac c ch phat hin khoang lng (khoang thi
gian khng co ting noi) nn se lam tng hiu sut mang.
Nhc im:
- Nhc im chnh cua in thoai qua mang IP chnh la cht
lng dch vu. Cac mang s liu vn d khng phai xy dng vi muc
ch truyn thoai thi gian thc, v vy khi truyn thoai qua mang s
liu cho cht lng cuc goi thp va khng th xac nh trc c.
S d nh vy la v goi tin truyn trong mang co tr thay i trong
pham vi ln, kha nng mt mat thng tin trong mang hoan toan co
th xy ra. Mt yu t lam giam cht lng thoai na la ky thut nen
tit kim ng truyn. Nu nen xung dung lng cang thp th
ky thut nen cang phc tap, cho cht lng khng cao va c bit la
thi gian x l se lu, gy tr.
- Mt nhc im khac cua in thoai IP la vn ting vong.
Nu nh trong mang thoai, do tr t nn ting vong khng anh hng
nhiu th trong mang IP, do tr ln nn ting vong anh hng nhiu
n cht lng thoai. V vy, ting vong la mt vn cn phai giai
quyt trong in thoai IP.
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2. Phat trin dch vu in thoai IP

2.1 Kha nng trin khai dch vu in thoai IP
Thoai qua IP hin a nh hnh thanh mt dch vu, nhng iu
khin no tr thanh mt phn chnh yu cua th thng thoai tch hp
hay vn ch la mt dch vu thiu s phu thuc nhiu vao s phat
trin cua mang Internet noi chung. Thi im chuyn t mang
chuyn mach knh sang mang chuyn mach goi la mt yu t quyt
nh s thanh bai cua nha cung cp dch vu va vai tro cua VoIP trong
tng lai. Kha nng ph bin dich vu VoIP nm gia hai phng an:
Thiu tai nguyn trn
Giao thc interrnet mi
Cht lng Vol IP

vn thp
Khng con li th gia ca
Dch vu Vol IP vn la thiu

s
Hnh 1.3: Dch vu in thoai IP vn chim thiu s
Phng an 1 - cht lng dch vu cua mang Internet tip tuc

khng n nh, cc in thoai giam manh (loai bo kha nng ha gia
thoai Internet), va VoIP vn ch la mt dch vu chim thiu s
Phng an 2 - hiu qua va tng trng cua cac dch vu va mang
tch hp khin khach hang chuyn sang dung mang Internet lam cho
hiu qua kinh t tng cung vi tng trng cua lu lng.
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u tai nguyn trn mang

inerternet
Dch vu trn IP phat
Gia cung cp VoIP

thay i
Li th gia ca tr nn
khng cn thit
Cac nha cung cp dch vu mi va ISP co ch
Mang IP tai phn ln lu
Hnh 1.4: in thoai IP c s sung rng
2.1 Cac yu cu khi phat trin in thoai IP

Muc ch cua nha phat trin la thm cac tnh nng goi in
thoai (ca truyn thoai va bao hiu) vao cac mang IP, kt ni chung
vi mang in thoai cng cng, cac mang in thoai ca nhn sao cho
duy tr cht lng thoai hin tai va cac tnh cht ma ngi dung
mong mun in thoai. Co nhng yu cu chnh khi phat trin
VoIP nh sau:
Cht lng thoai phai so sanh c vi cht lng thoai cua
mang PSTN va vi cac mang co cht lng phuc vu khac nhau.
Mang IP c ban phai ap ng c nhng tiu ch hoat ng
kht khe gm giam thiu vic khng chp nhn cuc goi, mt mat goi
va mt lin lac. iu nay oi hoi ngay ca trong trng hp mang b
nghen hoc khi nhiu ngi s dung chung nng lc cua mang cung
mt luc.
Tn hiu iu khin goi (bao hiu) khng anh hng n hoat
ng cua mang sao cho ngi s dung khng bit ho ang c cung
cp dch vu da trn cng ngh g ?.
Lin kt cac dch vu PSTN/VoIP bao gm cac Gateway gia cac
mi trng mang thoai va mang d liu.
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Quan l h thng an toan, a ch hoa va thanh toan phai c

cung cp, tt nht la c hp nht vi cac h thng h tr hoat ng
PSTN.
Cuc chay ua tao ra cac san phm VoIP phu hp vi mt dai
rng cac cu hnh cua ngi s dung mi ch bt u. Cac chun phai
c thng qua va thc thi, cac gateway dung lng cao cung cp
giao din gia mang IP va mang PSTN phai c trin khai, cac
mang sn co cn c h tr QoS va cac dch vu cng cng toan cu
cn c thit lp.
2.3 Nhng kho khn khi trin khai dch vu
Co 3 kho khn chnh khi trin khai VoIP o la:
- Vn tiu chun: Do tiu chun quc t cua in thoai IP
con ang khng ngng phat trin va hoan thin va c bit la tiu
chun thng tin gia cac min khac nhau, gia cac mang khac nhau
vv.. con ang trong thi gian tranh lun a anh hng trc tip n
s tng thch gia cac san phm in thoai IP cua cac nha cung cp
khac nhau. Ngoai ra vn chuyn mach cua thu bao cac min
khac nhau, vn l trnh va vn tng thch dch vu, vn
thanh toan cc ph gia cac nha cung cp dch vu khac nhau con
ang ch c giai quyt.
- Vn mang truyn ta i: in thoai IP da trn Internet, ma
giao thc cua Internet la TCP/IP c thit k chu yu nhm cho
dch vu d liu phi thi gian thc. Trc mt cha co th thc hin
quan l rng dai thng, khng ch lu lng cho nn khng th
cung cp cac dch vu QoS.
Lu lng truyn dn trong mang Internet la khng th xac
nh trc c va lun thay i, v vy anh hng nghim trong n
cht lng thng thoai. Cn c vao tnh hnh ky thut hin nay co
th noi Internet i vi thng tin in thoai thi gian thc yu cu
cht lng cao con tn tai nhiu khim khuyt.
- Vn dung lng thit b: Cac nha san xut thit b tip
nhn Internet va cac nha san xut thit b cng mang u ang c
gng phat trin vi quy m ln, t vai ca ra E1 cho n hn 100 ca
14
ra E1. Tuy nhin dung lng cua thit b hin nay con cach xa so vi
cac san phm cua vin thng.
2.4 Xu hng phat trin
Hin tai manh t ha hen cho VoIP hin nay la cac mang
doanh nghip Intranet va mang Extranet thng mai. C s ha tng
da trn IP cho phep iu khin quan l vic s dung cac dch vu, cho
phep hay khng cho phep truy nhp cac dch vu. Cac san phm in
thoai trn mang Internet cha th ap ng cac yu cu cht lng
dch vu nh in thoai thng thng. Bi vy, phat trin VoIP trn
Intranet, Extranet la hng phat trin trc mt.
Mt xu hng phat trin khac cung nhiu ha hen la xy dng
cac cng ni gia mang IP va mang thoai (cac VoIP Gateway). Nhng
Gateway nay xy dng t nn tang PC tr thanh cac h thng manh
co kha nng iu khin hang trm cuc goi ng thi. Bi vy cac
doanh nghip se phat trin mt lng ln cac Gateway trong n lc
giam cac chi ph lin quan n lu lng thoai, fax va video hi ngh.
3. H323 - tiu chun ap dung cho in thoai IP
3.1 Gii thiu
H323 la mt chun quc t v hi thoai trn mang c a ra
bi hip hi vin thng quc t ITU (International
Telecommunication Union). Chun H323 cua ITU xac nh cac thanh
phn, cac giao thc, cac thu tuc cho phep cung cp dch vu truyn d
liu a phng tin (multimedia) audio, video, data thi gian thc
qua mang chuyn mach goi (bao gm ca mang IP) ma khng quan
tm n cht lng dch vu. H323 nm trong b cac khuyn ngh
H32x cung cp cac dch vu truyn d liu a phng tin qua cac loai
mang khac nhau. Mt trong cac ng dung cua H323 chnh la dch vu
in thoai IP.
n nay, H323 a phat trin thng qua hai phin ban. Phin
ban th nht c thng qua vao nm 1996 va phin ban th hai
c thng qua vao nm 1998. ng dung vao chun nay rt rng bao
gm ca cac thit b hoat ng c lp cung nh ng dung truyn
thng nhung trong mi trng may tnh ca nhn, co th ap dung cho
15
am thoai im - im cung nh cho truyn thng hi ngh. H323

con bao gm ca chc nng iu khin cuc goi, quan l thng tin a
phng tin va quan l bng thng va ng thi con cung cp giao
din gia mang LAN va cac mang khac.
3.2 Cu hnh mang theo chun H323.
Hnh 1.5: Cac thanh phn trong mang H323
Mang H323 da trn c s mang IP cung cp cac dch vu truyn

d liu a phng tin thi gian thc (trong o co dch vu thoai IP),
hoat ng theo chun H323. Cu hnh cua mang H323 co th bao
gm cac thanh phn c ban nh trn hnh 1.5.
Thit b u cui
H323 Terminal la mt thit b u cui trong mang LAN co kha
nng truyn thng hai chiu. No co th la mt may PC hoc mt
thit b c lp. Tt ca cac u cui H323 u phai c h tr kha
nng truyn d liu audio va video hai chiu va phai h tr chun
H245 c dung iu tit cac knh truyn d liu. Ngoai ra no
phai c h tr cac thanh phn sau:
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- Giao thc bao hiu H225 phuc vu trong qua trnh thit lp va
huy bo cuc goi.
- Giao thc H225 RAS (Registration/Admision/Status) thc
hin cac chc nng ng k, thu nhn... vi gatekeeper.
- Giao thc RTP/RCTP truyn va kt hp cac goi tin audio,
video...
Mt u cui H323 cung co th c trang b thm cac tnh
nng nh:
- Ma hoa va giai ma cac tn hiu audio, video.
- H tr giao thc T120 phuc vu cho vic trao i thng tin s
liu (data).
Speaker
Audio CODEC
(G.711, G.722,
G.723, G.728,...
ng dung s
liu
Chc nng iu khin h thng
Giao din
iu khin
h thng cho
ng-i s
dng
H245 Control
RAS Control
Call Control
Cac chc nng H323
Hnh 1.6: Cc thit b u cui H323
Giao din vi mng LAN
Camera,
Display
Lp ng gi d liu Media
Video CODEC
Receive Path
Delay
- Tng thch vi MCU h tr cac lin kt a im
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Gatekeeper
Gatekeeper la mt thanh phn quan trong trong mang H323,
no c xem nh b nao cua mang. Gatekeeper hoat ng nh mt
b chuyn mach ao. Gatkeeper co cac chc nng nh anh a ch;
cho phep va xac nhn cac u cui H323, cac gateway; quan l giai
thng; tnh cc cuc goi; ngoai ra no con co th cung cp kha nng
nh tuyn cuc goi. gatekeeper quan l giai thng nh kha nng cho
phep hay khng cho phep cac cuc goi xay ra. Khi s cuc goi a vt
qua mt ngng nao o th no se t chi tt ca cac cuc goi khac.
Ngoai ra gatekeeper con co th cung cp kha nng nh tuyn bao
hiu.
Mc du vy, gatekeeper la thanh phn tuy chon trong mang
H323. Tuy nhin nu trong mang co gatekeeper th cac thit b u
cui va cac Gateway phai s dung cac thu tuc cua gatekeeper. Cac
chc nng cua mt gatekeeper c phn bit lam 2 loai la cac chc
nng bt buc va cac chc nng khng bt buc.
Cac chc nng bt buc cua gatekeeper
- Chc nng dch a ch: - gatekeeper se thc hin vic chuyn
i t mt a ch hnh thc (dang tn goi) cua cac thit b u cui
va gateway sang a ch truyn dn thc trong mang (a ch IP).
Chuyn i nay da trn bang i chiu a ch c cp nht
thng xuyn bng ban tin ng ky dch vu cua cac u cui.
- iu khin truy nhp - gatekeeper se chp nhn mt truy
nhp mang LAN bng cach s dung cac ban tin H.225.0 la
ARQ/ACF/ARJ . Vic iu khin nay da trn rng bng tn va
ng ky dch vu hoc cac thng s khac do nha san xut qui nh.
y cung co th la mt thu tuc rng co ngha la chp nhn moi yu
cu truy nhp cua cac thit b u cui.
- iu khin rng bng tn - gatekeeper h tr vic trao i
cac ban tin H.225.0 la BRQ/BCF/BRJ iu khin rng bng tn
cua mt cuc goi. y cung co th la mt thu tuc rng co ngha la no
chp nhn moi yu cu v s thay i rng bng tn.
18
- iu khin min - Mt min la mt nhom cac u cui H323,

cac gateway, MCU c quan l bi 1 gatekeeper. Trong mt min co
ti tiu mt u cui H323, mi min ch co duy nht mt
gatekeeper. Mt min hoan toan co th c lp vi cu truc mang,
bao gm nhiu mang c kt ni vi nhau. Thng qua cac chc nng
trn: dch a ch, iu khin truy nhp, iu khin rng bng
tn, gatekeeper cung cp kha nng quan l min.
Cac chc nng khng bt buc cua Gatekeeper
- iu khin bao hiu cuc goi - gatekeeper co th la chon gia
hai phng thc iu khin bao hiu cuc goi la: no kt hp vi knh
bao hiu trc tip gia cac u cui hoan thanh bao hiu cuc goi
hoc ch s dung cac knh bao hiu cua no x ly bao hiu cuc goi.
Khi chon phng thc nh tuyn bao hiu cuc goi trc tip gia cac
u cui, th gatekeeper se khng phai giam sat bao hiu trn knh
H.225.0.
- Han ch truy nhp - Gatekeeper co th s dung bao hiu trn
knh H.225.0 t chi mt cuc goi cua mt thit b u cui khi
nhn thy co li trong vic ng ky. Nhng nguyn nhn t chi bao
gm: mt Gateway hoc u cui ng ky han ch goi i ma lai c
gng thc hin mt cuc goi i va ngc lai hoc mt u cui ng
ky han ch truy nhp trong nhng gi nht nh.
- Giam sat rng bng tn - Gatekeeper co th han ch mt
lng nht nh cac u cui H.232 cung mt luc s dung mang. No
co th thng qua knh bao hiu H.225.0 t chi mt cuc goi do
khng co u bng tn thc hin cuc goi. Vic t chi nay cung co
th xay ra khi mt u cui ang hoat ng yu cu thm rng
bng. y co th la mt thu tuc rng ngha la tt ca moi yu cu truy
nhp u c ng y.
- Giam sat cuc goi - Mt v du cu th v chc nng nay cua
Gatekeeper la no lu danh sach tt ca cac cuc goi H.323 hng i
ang thc hin ch th cac thu bao b goi nao ang bn va cung
cp thng tin cho chc nng quan ly rng bng tn.
MCU (Multipoint Control Unit)
19
MCU la mt im cui (Endpoint) trong mang, no cung cp kha

nng nhiu thit b u cui, gateway cung tham gia vao mt lin kt
a im (multipoint conference). No bao gm mt MC (Multipoimt
Controller) bt buc phai co va mt MP (Multipoint Process) co th co
hoc khng. Nhim vu cua MC la iu tit kha nng audio, video,
data gia cac thit b u cui theo giao thc H245. No cung iu
khin cac tai nguyn cua hi thoai bng vic xac nh dong audio,
video, data nao cn c gi n cac u cui. Tuy nhin, MC khng
thao tac trc tip trn cac dong d liu ma nhim vu nay c giao
cho MP. MP se thc hin vic kt hp, chuyn i, x l cac bt d
liu.
Gateway
Nhim vu cua gateway la thc hin vic kt ni ga 2 mang
khac nhau. H323 gateway cung cp kha nng kt ni gia 1 mang
H323 va mt mang khac (khng phai H323). V du nh mt gateway
co th kt ni va cung cp kha nng truyn tin gia mt u cui
H323 va mang chuyn mach knh (bao gm tt ca cac loai mang
chuyn mach in thoai chng han PSTN). Vic kt ni nay c
thc hin nh chc nng chuyn i giao thc trong qua trnh thit
lp, giai phong cuc goi va chc nng bin i khun dang d liu
gia hai mang khac nhau cua gateway. Nh vy i vi kt ni gia
hai thit b u cui H323 th khng cn thit phai co gateway,
nhng i vi cuc goi co s tham gia cua mang chuyn mach knh
th gateway la bt buc phai co.
20
Chc nng
u cui
H323
Chc nng
u cui
H323
Chc nng
MCU
Chc nng
MCU
Chc nng
Chc nng
u cui
SCN
chuyn i
Lan
Chc nng
Chc nng
MCU
chuyn i
Chc nng
Chc nng
u cui
SCN
chuyn i
Chc nng
Chc nng
MCU
chuyn i
Hnh 1.7: Cc cu hnh c s ca Gateway
Gateway khi hoat ng se co c im cua mt thit b u cui

H.323 hoc mt MCU trong mang LAN va co c im cua mt thit
b u cui trong SCN hoc mt MCU trong SCN. V vy ta co 4 cu
hnh c s cua gateway c th hin trn hnh 1.7. Mi gateway co
th co t hp cua cac cu hnh c s hoc co th gm ca 4 cu hnh
nay.
3.3 Cac giao thc H323 tham chiu n
Khuyn ngh H323 a ra mt tp cac giao thc phuc vu cho
qua trnh truyn d liu media thi gian thc trn mang chuyn
mach goi. Kin truc phn tng giao thc c m ta trn hnh 1.8 :
Dat
a
iu khin va bao hiu
Audio/Video ng k
21
T12
0
H225 Call
signalling
H24
5
TCP
RTP/RTCP
H225
RAS
UDP
Tng mang
Tng lin kt d liu
Tng vt l
Hnh 1.8 Kin truc phn tng giao thc H323.
Giao thc H225 RAS ( Registration/Admission/Status )

Cac ban tin H225 RAS c dung trao i gia cac im cui
(cac u cui , cac gateway ) va gatekeeper cho cac chc nng nh
tm gatekeeper, ng k, quan l giai thng...
- Tm gatekeeper: La qua trnh im cui tm mt gatekeeper
no co th ng k.
- ng k: tham gia vao mt min do gatekeeper quan l, cac
im cui phai ng k vi gatekeeper va thng bao a ch giao vn
va cac a ch hnh thc cua no. (Trong h thng co gatekeeper th
a ch hnh thc chnh la s c quay) .
- nh v cac im cui: La tin trnh tm a ch giao vn cho
mt im cui khi bit a ch hnh thc cua no (thng qua
gatekeeper). Mi khi co cuc goi, gatekeeper nhn c a ch hnh
thc cua pha b goi, no phai thc hin thu tuc nay xac nh c
a ch dung truyn tin cua b goi.
- Cac iu khin khac: Giao thc RAS con c dung trong cac
c ch iu khin khac nh iu khin thu nhn han ch s im
cui tham gia vao min, iu khin giai thng, iu khin giai phong
khoi gatekeeper.
22
Cac ban tin H225 RAS c truyn trn knh RAS khng tin
cy v vy chung c tai i trong goi tin UDP.
Giao thc bao hiu cuc goi H225.
Giao thc H225 dung thit lp lin kt gia cac im cui
H323 (cac u cui, cac Gateway), qua lin kt o cac d liu thi
gian thc se c truyn i. Bao hiu cuc goi mang H323 la trao
i cac ban tin cua giao thc H225 qua mt knh bao hiu tin cy. Do
yu cu tin cy cua bao hiu nn cac thng bao cua H225 se c
truyn i trong goi tin TCP.
Qua trnh bao hiu cua cuc goi c bt u bi ban tin
SETUP c gi i trn knh bao hiu tin cy H.225.0. Theo sau ban
tin nay se la chui cac ban tin phuc vu cho qua trnh thit lp cuc
goi vi trnh t da trn khuyn ngh H225 ma u tin la ban tin
yu cu giam sat bt buc. Yu cu nay cung vi nhng ban tin sau
o lin quan n qua trnh khai bao/tm kim gia u cui va
Gatekeeper se c truyn i trn knh khng tin cy RAS (knh
truyn thng tin v khai bao, giam sat va trang thai). Qua trnh nay
kt thuc khi thit b u cui nhn c trong ban tin CONNECT
a ch chuyn tai an toan ma trn o se gi i cac ban tin iu khin
H.245. Ban tin bao hiu H.225.0 se khng b phn oan khi i qua
cac PDU (Protocol Datagram Unit), con nhng ban tin c truyn i
trn knh RAS la nhng ban tin khng chun hoa.
Khi khng co gatekeeper trong mang th cac ban tin H225 se
c trao i trc tip gia cac im cui. Nu co gatekeeper trong
mang th gatekeeper se quyt nh vic trao i cac ban tin H225
gia cac im cui la trc tip hay phai thng qua gatekeeper.
Trong chng sau khi nghin cu v x l cuc goi se noi ro hn
v giao thc bao hiu cuc goi H225.
Giao thc iu khin cuc goi H245.
Giao thc iu khin H245 dung thc hin vic giam sat cac
hoat ng cua cac thc th H323 bao gm: trao i kha nng cac
im cui; ong m knh logic; iu khin lung; quyt nh chu t;
va cac lnh va ch th khac.
23
Knh H245 c thit lp gia hai im cui, mt im cui vi

MC, hoc mt im cui vi gatekeeper. Cac im cui ch thit lp
mt knh H245 duy nht cho mi cuc goi ma no tham gia.
- Trao i kha nng: Trc khi tin hanh cuc goi a phng
tin, mi u cui phai bit c kha nng nhn va giai ma tn hiu
cua u cui kia. Bit c kha nng nhn cua u cui nhn, u
cui truyn se gii han ni dung cua thng tin ma no truyn i,
ngc lai, thng bao kha nng truyn no se cho phep u cui nhn
la chon ch thu phu hp. Tp hp cac kha nng cua u cui cho
nhiu lung thng tin co th c truyn i ng thi va u cui co
th khai bao lai tp hp cac kha nng cua no bt ky luc nao. Tp hp
cac kha nng cua mi u cui c cung cp trong ban tin H245
TerminalCapabilitySet.
- Bao hiu knh logic: Mt knh logic la mt knh mang thng
tin t im cui nay ti im cui khac (trong trng hp hi thoai
im - im) hoc n nhiu im cui khac (trong trng hp hi
thoai im - a im). H245 cung cp cac ban tin ong m cac
knh logic. Sau khi knh logic c m thng tin media mi c
truyn i trn cac knh nay.
- Xac nh chu t: Thu tuc nay nhm giai quyt vn xung t
gia hai im cui u co kha nng MC khi cung tham gia vao mt
cuc goi hi ngh, hoc gia hai im cui khi mun m mt knh
thng tin mt chiu.
Giao thc RTP ( Real-time Transport Protocol )
Giao thc truyn thi gian thc (RTP) la mt thu tuc da trn
ky thut IP tao ra cac h tr truyn tai cac d liu yu cu thi
gian thc, v du nh cac dong d liu hnh anh va m thanh. Cac
dch vu cung cp bi RTP bao gm cac c ch khi phuc thi gian,
phat hin cac li, bao an va xac nh ni dung. RTP c thit k chu
yu cho vic truyn a i tng nhng no vn co th c s dung
truyn cho mt i tng. RTP co th truyn tai mt chiu nh
dch vu video theo yu cu cung nh cac dch vu trao i qua lai nh
in thoai Internet.
24
Hoat ng cua RTP c h tr bi mt thu tuc khac la RCTP

nhn cac thng tin phan hi v cht lng truyn dn va cac
thng tin v thanh phn tham d cac phin hin thi.
Hoat ng cua giao thc.
Cac goi tin truyn trn mang Internet co tr va jitter khng d
oan c. Nhng cac ng dung a phng tin yu cu mt thi
gian thch hp khi truyn cac d liu va phat lai. RTP cung cp cac
c ch bao am thi gian, s th t va cac c ch khac lin quan n
thi gian. Bng cac c ch nay RTP cung cp s truyn tai d liu
thi gian thc gia cac u cui qua mang.
Tem thi gian (time-stamping) la thanh phn thng tin quan
trong nht trong cac ng dung thi gian thc. Ngi gi thit lp cac
tem thi gian ngay thi im octet u tin cua goi c ly mu.
Tem thi gian tng dn theo thi gian i vi moi goi. Sau khi
nhn c goi d liu, bn thu s dung cac tem thi gian nay nhm
khi phuc thi gian gc chay cac d liu nay vi tc thch hp.
Ngoai ra, no con c s dung ng b cac dong d liu khac nhau
( chng han nh gia hnh va ting). Tuy nhin RTP khng thc hin
ng b ma cac mc ng dung pha trn se thc hin s ng b nay.
B phn nhn dang tai xac nh kiu nh dang cua tai tin
cung nh cac phng cach ma hoa va nen. T cac b phn nh dang
nay, cac ng dung pha thu bit cach phn tch va chay cac dong d
liu tai tin. Tai mt thi im bt ky trong qua trnh truyn tin, cac
b phat RTP ch co th gi mt dang cua tai tin cho du dang cua tai
tin co th thay i trong thi gian truyn (thay i thch ng vi
s tc nghen cua mang).
Mt chc nng khac ma RTP co la xac nh ngun . No cho
phep cac ng dung thu bit c d liu n t u. V du thoai hi
ngh, t thng tin nhn dang ngun mt ngi s dung co th bit
c ai ang noi.
IP header
UDP header
RTP header
RTP payload
Hnh 1.9: Ma hoa goi tin RTP trong goi IP
25
Cac c ch trn c thc hin thng qua mao u cua RTP.

Cach ma hoa goi tin RTP trong goi tin IP c m ta trn hnh ve.
RTP nm pha trn UDP, s dung cac chc nng ghep knh
va kim tra cua UDP. UDP va TCP la hai giao thc c s dung
chu yu trn Internet. TCP cung cp cac kt ni nh hng va cac
dong thng tin vi tin cy cao trong khi UDP cung cp cac dch vu
khng lin kt va co tin cy thp gia hai tram chu. S d UDP
c s dung lam thu tuc truyn tai cho RTP la bi v 2 l do:
- Th nht, RTP c thit k chu yu cho vic truyn tin a
i tng, cac kt ni co nh hng, co bao nhn khng ap ng tt
iu nay.
- Th hai, i vi d liu thi gian thc, tin cy khng quan
trong bng truyn ung theo thi gian. Hn na, s tin cy trong
TCP la do c ch bao phat lai, khng thch hp cho RTP. V du khi
mang b tc nghen mt s goi co th mt, cht lng dch vu du thp
nhng vn co th chp nhn c. Nu thc hin vic phat lai th se
gy nn tr rt ln cho cht lng thp va gy ra s tc nghen cua
mang.
Thc t RTP c thc hin chu yu trong cac ng dung ma tai
cac mc ng dung nay co cac c ch khi phuc lai goi b mt, iu
khin tc nghen.
Giao thc RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol).
RTCP (Real-time Transport Control Protocol) la giao thc h
tr cho RTP cung cp cac thng tin phan hi v cht lng truyn d
liu. Cac dch vu ma RTCP cung cp la:
- Giam sat cht lng va iu khin tc nghen: y la chc
nng c ban cua RTCP. No cung cp thng tin phan hi ti mt ng
dung v cht lng phn phi d liu. Thng tin iu khin nay rt
hu ch cho cac b phat, b thu va giam sat. B phat co th iu
chnh cach thc truyn d liu da trn cac thng bao phan hi cua
b thu. B thu co th xac nh c tc nghen la cuc b, tng phn
26
hay toan b. Ngi quan l mang co th anh gia c hiu sut

mang.
- Xac nh ngun: Trong cac goi RTP, cac ngun c xac nh
bi cac s ngu nhin co dai 32 bt. Cac s nay khng thun tin
i vi ngi s dung RTCP cung cp thng tin nhn dang ngun cu
th hn dang vn ban. No co th bao gm tn ngi s dung, s
in thoai, a ch e-mail va cac thng tin khac.
- ng b mi trng: Cac thng bao cua b phat RTCP cha
thng tin xac nh thi gian va nhan thi gian RTP tng ng.
Chung co th c s dung ng b gia m thanh vi hnh anh.
- iu chnh thng tin iu khin: Cac goi RTCP c gi theo
chu ky gia nhng ngi tham d. Khi s lng ngi tham d tng
ln, cn phai cn bng gia vic nhn thng tin iu khin mi nht
va han ch lu lng iu khin. h tr mt nhom ngi s dung
ln, RTCP phai cm lu lng iu khin rt ln n t cac tai
nguyn khac cua mang. RTP ch cho phep ti a 5% lu lng cho
iu khin toan b lu lng cua phin lam vic. iu nay c thc
hin bng cach iu chnh tc phat cua RTCP theo s lng ngi
tham d.
Ma hoa/giai ma (CODEC) tn hiu Audio
bn phat, tn hiu Audio t microphone trc khi c
truyn tip phai c ma hoa. Con bn nhn, chung phai c giai
ma trc khi a n speaker. CODEC la dch vu ti thiu ma u
cui H323 nao cung phai co. V vy mt thit b u cui H323 phai
c h tr ti thiu la mt chun CODEC. Hin nay ang tn tai
mt s chun ma hoa nh sau: G.711 (ma hoa tc 64kbps); G.722
(64,56,48 kbps); G.723.1 (5.3 va 6.3 kbps); G.728 (16 kbps); G.729 (8
kbps).
Voice CODEC
Tc
phc tap
Cht lng
tr
G.711 PCM
64
Thp
Rt tt
Cc thp
27
Tt (40K)
G.726 ADPCM
40/32/24
Thp
Rt thp
Ti (16K)
G.729 CS-ACELP
Cao
Tt
Thp
G.729 A CA-ACELP
Va phai
Kha tt
Thp
Cao va phai
Tt (6,4 K)
G.723 MP-MLQ
6,4/5,3
Cao
Ti (5,3 K)
G.723.1 MP-MLQ
6,4/5,3
nt
nt
nt
G.728 LD-CELP
16
Rt cao
Tt
Thp
Hnh 1.10: Bang so sanh cac chun CODEC
Vic la chon thut toan CODEC la mt trong nhng yu t c

ban nng cao cht lng thoai Internet.
Ma hoa/giai ma (CODEC) tn hiu Video
Video CODEC ma hoa tn hiu hnh anh t camera truyn
dn va giai ma cac tn hiu video nhn c (a c ma hoa)
hin th hnh anh. Trong H323, truyn hnh anh co th co hoc
khng, v vy vic h tr video CODEC la tuy chon. Tuy nhin cac
u cui cung cp kha nng lin lac hnh anh phai c h tr giao
thc ma hoa, giai ma tn hiu video. Cac giao thc h tr la H261,
H263...
28
CHNG 2: X LY CUC GOI
Trong chng nay, trc tin chung ta nghin cu cac thu tuc
bao hiu x l cuc goi gia hai im cui (u cui hoc gateway)
trong mang H323 vi cac trng hp khac nhau. Cac thu tuc nay
tun theo cac khuyn ngh H323, H225, H245 cua ITU-T. Sau o,
chung ta se chuyn sang cuc goi co s tham gia cua thit b u cui
mang SCN. Trong trng hp nay se co s tham gia cua gateway kt
ni mang H323 va mang SCN. Cac thu tuc nay tun theo tiu chun
TS 101 322 va TS 101 471 cua ESTI. Trong qua trnh nghin cu
thu tuc x l cuc goi, chung ta se khng i su vao cu truc, cac
thanh phn thng tin cua cac goi tin ma ta ch xem xet hoat ng cua
cac thu tuc nay nh th nao.
1. Cac thu tuc thc hin trn knh H225 RAS
Knh H225 RAS la mt knh logic khng tin cy c dung
truyn tai cac ban tin gia gatekeeper va cac phn t khac trong
mang thc hin cac thu tuc nh: Tm gatekeeper, ng k...
Bi v cac ban tin RAS c truyn trn knh khng tin cy
nn cac ban tin nay phai c t mt khoang thi gian timeout va
s ln phat lai khi khng nhn c hi m. Mt im cui hoc
gatekeeper khng th ap ng lai mt yu cu trong thi gian
timeout th no phai tra li bng ban tin RIP (Request In Progress)
cho bit no ang x l yu cu. Khi nhn c ban tin RIP, chung
phai khi ng lai timeout va s ln phat lai.
1.1 Tm gatekeeper
Thu tuc nay c thc hin khi mt im cui mun tm cho no
mt gatekeeper ng k. Thu tuc nay phai c thc hin ngay
khi im cui o hoat ng. Co hai phng thc tm gatekeeper:
29
+ Trong cu hnh cua im cui co a ch cua gatekeeper (co

th t trong tp khi ng).
+ im cui gi ban tin GRQ theo a ch multicast n tt ca
cac gatekeeper (a ch nay c
Endpoint
Gatekeeper
quy nh trong khuyn ngh H225).
GRQ (a ch muticast )
Nu gatekeeper nao o co th quan
GCF/GRJ
l c im cui nay th co th tra
li bng ban tin GCF co cha a
Hnh 2.1: T ng tm gatekeeper
ch cua knh RAS (xem hnh 2.1).
Vi muc ch d tr, gatekeeper ch nh cac gatekeeper thay
th trong trng hp xay ra li. Danh sach cac gatekeeper thay th
nay c lu trng AlternateGatekeeper trong cac ban tin
GCF va RCF (xem muc sau).
Nu mt im cui nhn thy s ng k cua no khng hp l,
no phai thc hin lai thu tuc tm gatekeeper. ng k la khng hp l
khi im cui nhn c ban tin RRJ tra li cho ban tin RRQ hoc
khng nhn c tra li cho ban tin RRQ trong thi gian timeout.
1.2 Thu tuc ng k vi gatekeeper
tham gia vao mt min do gatekeepet quan l, cac im cui
phai thc hin thu tuc ng k. y la qua trnh im cui thng bao
cho gatekeeper bit a ch giao vn cung nh a ch hnh thc (alias
address) cua no. Thu tuc ng k phai c thc hin trc khi co cac
cuc goi xay ra va sau khi a thc hin thu tuc tm gatekeeper.
im cui gi ban tin RRQ (Registration Request) n
gatekeeper trn knh H225
Endpoint
Gatekeeper
RAS. Knh H225 RAS c
RRQ
xac nh trong thu tuc tm
RCF hoc RRJ
gatekeeper. Gatekeeper co th
tra li bng ban tin RCF
Hnh 2.2: Th tc ng k vi gatekeeper
(Request Confirm) hoc RRJ
(Request Reject) (Hnh 2.2). Mt im cui ch ng k vi 1
gatekeeper.
30
im cui co th ng k thi han s dung bi yu cu

timeToLive (tnh bng giy) trong ban tin RRQ. Gatekeeper tra li
bng ban tin RCF vi cung gia tr timeToLive hoc be hn. Sau
khoang thi gian nay, s ng k nay ht hiu lc. Trc khi ht thi
gian ng k ht, im cui co th thit lp lai timeToLive keo dai
thi han ng k bng cach gi i ban tin RRQ vi bit keepAlive c
thit lp (ban tin RRQ nay ch co mt t thng tin c ch ro trong
khuyn ngh H225.0). Sau khi ht thi han, cac im cui phai ng
k lai vi gatekeeper vi ban tin RRQ y u.
Gatekeeper phai am bao mi a ch hnh thc c chuyn
i thanh mt a ch giao vn. Tuy nhin, im cui co th ch nh
mt a ch giao vn d tr hay thay th nh cu truc
alternateEndpoint trong ban tin RAS cho phep im cui co mt giao
din mang th cp. Gatekeeper se t chi ng k nu xet thy s
ng k o la mp m, khng u thng tin.
Nu im cui khng xac nh mt a ch hnh thc trong ban
tin RRQ th gatekeeper se cp phat cho no mt a ch hnh thc va
thng bao cho no trong ban tin xac nhn RCF.
im cui co th huy bo s ng k bng cach gi ban tin URQ
(Unregistration Request) n gatekeeper. Gatekeeper xac nhn bng
ban tin UCF (Unregistration Confirm). iu nay cho phep im cui
thay i a ch hnh thc lit kt vi a ch giao vn hoc ngc
lai. Nu nhn thy im cui cha ng k, gatekeeper tra li bng
ban tin URJ (Unregistration Reject).
Gatekeeper cung co th yu cu huy bo ng k cua im cui
(dung ban tin URQ), luc o im cui phai tra li bng ban tin UCF.
Sau khi huy bo ng k, im cui phai ng k lai (co th vi mt
gatekeeper khac).
Endpoint
Gatekeeper
URQ
UCF hoc URJ
Gatekeeper
Endpoint
URQ
UCF
Hnh 2.3: Th tc ng k vi gatekeeper
31
Mt im cui nu khng ng k se khng chu s quan l cua

gatekeeper.
1.3 nh v im cui
Mt im cui hoc gatekeeper co a ch hnh thc cua mt
im cui khac va mun bit thng tin lin lac cua im cui nay, no
se s dung ban tin LRQ (Location Request). Ban tin nay co th c
gi n mt gatekeeper nao o (co a ch ro rang) hoc gi theo a
ch multicast n nhiu gatekeeper. Gatekeeper quan l im cui co
a ch hnh thc trong ban tin LRQ se tra li lai bng ban tin LCF
cha cac thng tin lin lac cua im cui o. Thng tin lin lac bao
gm a ch knh bao hiu, a ch knh RAS va mt s thng tin
khac.
Nu mt gatekeepr nao o nhn c ban tin LRQ trn knh
RAS cua no th phai tra li lai. Nu gatekeeper nhn c trn knh
RAS multicast th no se khng tra li (trong trng hp no khng
quan l im cui).
1.4 Cac thu tuc khac
Ngoai cac thu tuc trn, knh RAS con dung truyn tai cac
ban tin iu khin truy nhp, thay i bng thng, giam sat trang
thai va giai phong. Chi tit v cac thu tuc nay c trnh bay phn
sau.
Trong ban tin ARQ ( Admission Request) yu cu truy nhp,
im cui xac nh mt gia tr bng thng truyn va nhn thng
tin. Gia tr nay la gii han trn cua tc lung tng hp audio,
video truyn va nhn (khng k cac header cac lp giao thc).
Gatekeeper co th giam gia tr nay xung trong ban tin xac nhn
ACF. Cac im cui ch c phep truyn thng tin vi tc nm
trong gii han nay.
32
2. Cuc goi gia hai im cui trong mang H323

im cui trong mang H323 co th la mt thit b u cui hoc
mt gateway. Cac thu tuc x l cuc goi gia hai im cui trong
mang H323 tun theo cac thu tuc trong khuyn ngh H323, H225.0
va H245. u tin, knh bao hiu c thit lp (bn goi phai bit
a ch tng mang (IP) va a ch tng giao vn (TCP) cua bn b goi)
, sau o a ch cua knh iu khin c xac nh trong qua trnh
trao i cac ban tin bao hiu. Sau khi xac nh c a ch, knh
iu khin c thit lp va a ch cua knh thng tin se c xac
nh qua cac ban tin trn knh Iu khin. Cui cung, knh thng
tin c thit lp cho phep hai im cui co th trao i thng tin.
Ngoai ra, H323 con h tr thu tuc kt ni nhanh (khng cn m knh
H245).
im cui 2
im cui 1
Knh bo hiu
Cc bn tin
Trao i a ch
knh iu khin
Knh iu khin
Cc bn tin H245
Trao i a ch
RTP, RTCP
Knh thng tin media

RTP - RTCP
Hnh 2.4: Cc knh logic trong mt cuc gi
2.1 nh tuyn knh iu khin va bao hiu

Bao hiu x l cuc goi gia hai im cui trong mang H323
lin quan n ba knh bao hiu tn tai c lp vi nhau la: knh iu
khin H.245, knh bao hiu cuc goi va knh bao hiu RAS.
Trong mang khng co gatekeeper, cac ban tin bao hiu cuc goi
c truyn trc tip gia hai im cui chu goi va b goi bng cach
truyn bao hiu a ch trc tip. Trong cu hnh mang nay th pha
chu goi phai bit a ch bao hiu cua pha b goi trong mang va v
vy co th giao tip mt cach trc tip.
Nu trong mang co gatekeeper, trao i bao hiu gia chu goi
va gatekeeper c thit lp bng cach s dung knh RAS cua
33
gatekeeper truyn a ch. Sau khi trao i ban tin bao hiu a
c thit lp, khi o gatekeeper mi xac nh truyn cac ban tin
trc tip gia hai im cui hay nh tuyn chung qua gatekeeper.
nh tuyn knh bao hiu cuc goi
Cac ban tin bao hiu cuc goi co th c truyn theo mt trong
hai phng thc va vic la chon gia cac phng thc nay do
gatekeeper quyt nh:
+ Th nht la cac ban tin bao hiu cua cuc goi c truyn t
im cui no ti im cui kia thng qua gatekeeper gia hai im
cui (hnh 2.5).
+ Th hai la cac ban tin bao hiu cua cuc goi c truyn trc
tip gia hai im cui (hnh 2.6).
Ca hai phng thc nay u s dung cac kt ni ging nhau vi
cung muc ch, dang ban tin c s dung cung ging nhau, cac ban
tin thit lp bao hiu c trao i trn knh RAS cua gatekeeper,
sau o ti trao i ban tin bao hiu cuc goi trn knh bao hiu cuc
goi. Sau o mi ti thit lp knh iu khin H.245.
Trong phng thc gatekeeper nh tuyn cac ban tin th no co
th ong knh bao hiu cuc goi khi vic thit lp cuc goi hoan
thanh hoc vn duy tr knh nay h tr cac dch vu b xung. Ch
co gatekeeper mi co th ong knh bao hiu cuc goi, nhng khi
Gateway tham gia vao cuc goi th cac knh nay khng c phep
ong.
34
1. ARQ
2. ACF/ARJ
3. Setup
4. Setup
5. ARQ
6. ACF/ARJ
7. Connect
8. Connect
Hnh 2.5
Gatey
1
Endpoint 1
Endpoint 2
Knh bo hiu cuc gi

Knh bo hiu RAS
Bn tin bo hiu ca cuc gi -c nh
Gatekeeper
1. ARQ
2. ACF/ARJ
3. Setup
4. ARQ
5. ACF/ARJ
6. Connect
Endpoint 1
Endpoint 2
Knh bo hiu cuc gi

Knh bo hiu RAS
Hnh 2.6: Bn tin bo hiu -c truyn trc trc tip gia cc im cui
nh tuyn knh iu khin

Khi cac ban tin bao hiu cuc goi c gatekeeper nh tuyn
th sau o knh iu khin H.245 se c nh tuyn theo 2 cach th
hin trn hnh 2.7 va 2.8:
35
1. ARQ
2. ACF/ARJ
3. Setup
4. Setup
5. ARQ
6. ACF/ARJ
7. Connect
8. Connect
9. Knh H245
Endpoint 1
Knh bo hiu cuc gi

Knh bo hiu RAS
Endpoint 2
Knh iu khin H.245 c thit lp mt cach trc tip gia

cac im cui, (hnh 2.7). Khi o ch cho phep kt ni trc tip 2
im cui.
Knh iu khin H.245 c thit lp t im cui nay ti
im cui kia thng qua gatekeeper (hnh 2.8). Khi o cho phep
gatekeeper nh tuyn lai knh iu khin H.245 ti mt MC khi
thc hin dch vu hi ngh.
1. ARQ
2. ACF/ARJ
3. Setup
4. Setup
5. ARQ
6. ACF/ARJ
7. Connect
8. Connect
9. Knh H245
10. Knh H245
Endpoint 1
Knh bo
bo hiu
hiu RAS
cuc gi
Knh
Endpoint 2
2.2 Cac thu tuc bao hiu va x l cuc goi

Ngi ta chia mt cuc goi lam 5 giai oan gm:
+ Giai oan 1: thit lp cuc goi (xem muc 2.2.2.1)
+ Giai oan 2: thit lp knh iu khin (xem muc 2.2.2.3)
+ Giai oan 3: thit lp knh thoai (xem muc 2.2.2.4)
36
+ Giai oan 4: dch vu (xem muc 2.2.2.5)

+ Giai oan 5: kt thuc cuc goi (xem muc 2.2.2.6).
Bc 1 - Thit lp cuc goi

Trong giai oan nay cac phn t trao i vi nhau cac ban tin
c nh ngha trong khuyn ngh H.225.0 theo mt trong cac thu
tuc c trnh bay sau y.
Cuc goi c ban - Ca hai im cui
u khng ng ky
Khi ca hai im cui u khng ng
ky vi gatekeeper, th chung se trao i trc
tip cac ban tin vi nhau nh hnh 2.9. Khi
o chu goi se gi ban tin thit lp cuc goi
trn knh bao hiu a bit trc a ch cua
b goi.
Endpoint 1
Endpoint 2
Setup (1)
Call proceeding (2)
Alerting (3)
Connect (4)
Knh bo hiu cuc gi

Hnh 2.9: Cuc gi c bn
khng c gatekeeper
Ca hai im cui u ng ky ti mt gatekeeper

Tnh hung nay co 2 trng hp xay ra:
+ Ca hai im cui u ng ky ti mt gatekeeper va
gatekeeper chon phng thc truyn bao hiu trc tip gia 2 im
cui (hnh 2.10). u tin pha chu goi trao i vi gatekeeper cp
ban tin ARQ (1)/ACF (2) thit lp bao hiu. Trong ban tin ACF do
gatekeeper tra li cho pha chu goi co cha a ch knh bao hiu cua
pha b goi. Sau o pha chu goi se cn c vao a ch nay gi ban
tin Setup (3) ti pha b goi. Nu pha b goi chp nhn yu cu, no se
trao i cp ban tin ARQ (5)/ ACF (6) vi gatekeeper. Nu pha b goi
nhn c ARJ (6) th no se gi ban tin Release Complete ti pha
chu goi.
37
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Call Proceeding (4)
ARQ (5)
ACF/ARJ (6)
Alerting (7)
Connect (8)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.10: Hai im cui u ng k

vi mt gatekeeper - bo hiu trc tip
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Setup (4)
Call proceeding (5)
Call proceeding (5)

ARQ (6)
ACF/ARJ (7)
Alerting (8)
Connect (10)
Alerting (8)
Connect (9)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.11: Hai im cui u ng k vi mt

gatekeeper Bo hiu qua gatekeeper
Ca hai thu bao im cui u ng ky vi mt gatekeeper va

bao hiu cuc goi c nh tuyn qua gatekeeper (hnh 2.11). Khi
nhn c ACF (2) co cha a ch knh bao hiu cua gatekeeper,
pha chu goi se cn c vao a ch nay gi ban tin Setup (3) ti
gatekeeper. Sau o gatekeeper se gi Setup (4) ti pha b goi. Nu
pha b goi chp nhn cuc goi, no se trao i ARQ (6)/ACF (7) vi
38
gatekeeper. Nu nhn c ARJ (7) th pha b goi se gi ban tin

Release Complete ti gatekeeper.
Ch co pha chu goi co ng ky vi gatekeeper
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Call proceeding (4)
Alerting (5)
Connect (6)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.12: Ch c pha ch gi ng k - bo hiu trc tip
Trong trng hp ch co pha chu goi co ng ky vi gatekeeper

va bao hiu cuc goi c truyn trc tip gia hai im cui, thu tuc
bao hiu cua no c th hin trn hnh 2.12. Sau khi nhn c
ACF (2), pha chu goi se gi ban tin Setup (3) ti pha b goi. Nu
pha b goi chp nhn cuc goi no se tra li bng ban tin Connect ti
pha chu goi.
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Call proceeding (5)
Setup (4)
Call proceeding (5)
Alerting (6)
Connect (8)
Alerting (6)
Connect (7)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.13: Ch c pha ch gi ng k - gatekeeper

nh tuyn bo hiu
39
Khi cac ban tin bao hiu cuc goi do gatekeeper nh tuyn, th
thu tuc thit lp cuc goi c th hin trn hnh 2.13. Trong trng
hp nay cac th t ban tin cua thu tuc ging ht trng hp trn, ch
khac duy nht mt im o la tt ca cac ban tin bao hiu gi t thu
bao nay ti thu bao kia u thng qua phn t trung gian la
gatekeeper 1.
Ch co pha b goi co ng ky vi gatekeeper
Trong trng hp ch co pha b goi ng ky vi gatekeeper va
cac ban tin bao hiu truyn trc tip th thu tuc bao hiu cua no se co
dang nh hnh 2.14.
u tin pha chu goi gi ban tin Setup (1) trn knh bao hiu
a bit a ch ti pha b goi. Nu pha b goi chp nhn no se trao
i cp ban tin ARQ (3)/ACF (4) vi gatekeeper 2. Pha b goi cung co
th nhn c ARJ (4), khi o no se gi ban tin Release Complete ti
pha chu goi. Trong trng hp chp nhn pha b goi se tra li bng
ban tin Connect (6) co cha a ch knh iu khin H.245 cho pha
chu goi.
Trng hp bao hiu do gatekeeper nh tuyn, thu tuc bao
hiu c th hin trn hnh 2.15. u tin pha chu goi se gi ban
tin Setup (1) trn knh bao hiu a bit trc a ch ti pha b goi ,
nu pha b goi chp nhn cuc goi no se trao i ban tin ARQ
(3)/ARJ (4) vi gatekeeper. Trong ban tin ARJ ma gatekeeper tra li
cho pha b goi cha ma yu cu nh tuyn cuc goi qua gatekeeper
(routeCallTogatekeeper). Khi o pha b goi se gi ban tin Facility (5)
co cha a ch knh bao hiu cua gatekeeper ti pha chu goi. Sau o
pha chu goi gi ban tin Release Complete (6) ti pha chu goi va cn
c vao a ch knh bao hiu pha chu goi se gi ban tin Setup (7) ti
gatekeeper, gatekeeper gi ban tin Setup (8) ti pha b goi. Sau o
pha b goi se trao i ban tin ARQ (9)/ACF (10) vi gatekeeper, pha
b goi gi ban tin Connect (12) co cha a ch knh iu khin H.245
ti gatekeeper. gatekeeper se gi ban tin Connect (13) co cha a ch
knh iu khin H.245 cua pha b goi.
40
Endpoint 1
Endpoint 2
Gatekeeper
Setup (1)
Call proceeding (2)
ARQ (3)
ACF/ARJ (4)
Alerting (5)
Connect (6)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.14: Ch c pha b gi ng k - Bo hiu truyn trc tip
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper
Endpoint 2
Setup (1)
Call proceeding (2)
ARQ (3)
ACF/ARJ (4)
Release complete
Setup
Call proceeding (2)
Setup
Call proceeding
ARQ (9)
ACF/ARJ (10)
Alerting (11)
Connect (13)
Alerting (11)
Connect (12)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.15: Ch c pha b gi ng k gatekeeper nh tuyn bo hiu
Hai thu bao ng ky vi hai gatekeeper khac nhau

Tnh hung nay co 4 trng hp xay ra:
+ Ca hai gatekeeper u chon cach nh tuyn bao hiu trc
tip gia hai thu bao, khi o thu tuc bao hiu c th hin trn
41
hnh 2.16. u tin pha chu goi trao i cac ban tin ARQ (1)/ACF (2)
vi gatekeeper 1, trong ban tin ACF se cha a ch knh bao hiu
cua pha b goi. Cn c vao a ch nay pha chu goi gi ban tin Setup
(3) ti thu bao b goi. Nu pha b goi chp nhn th no se trao i
ARQ (5)/ACF (6) vi gatekeeper 2, nu pha b goi nhn c ARJ (6)
th no se gi ban tin Release Complete ti pha chu goi. pha b goi.
Khi nhn c ACF pha b goi se gi bao tin Connect (8) co cha a
ch knh iu khin H.245 ti pha chu goi.
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper 1
Gatekeeper 2
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Call proceeding (4)
ARQ (5)
ACF/ARJ (6)
Alerting (7)
Connect (8)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.16: Hai thu bao u ng k vi hai gatekeeper - C

hai gatekeeper u truyn bo hiu trc tip gia hai thu bao
Trng hp th hai la gatekeeper 1 pha chu goi truyn bao

hiu theo phng thc trc tip con gatekeeper 2 pha b goi nh
tuyn bao hiu cuc goi qua no. Thu tuc bao hiu trong trng hp
nay c th hin trn hnh 2.17. u tin pha chu goi trao i ARQ
(1)/ACF (2) vi gatekeeper 1, sau o pha chu goi se gi ban tin Setup
(3) ti pha b goi. Nu pha b goi chp nhn, no se trao i ARQ
(5)/ARJ (6) vi gatekeeper 2, trong ban tin ARJ (6) co cha a ch
knh bao hiu cua no va cha ma ch th bao hiu nh tuyn ti
gatekeeper 2 (routeCallTogatekeeper). Sau o pha b goi se tra li
pha chu goi bng ban tin Facility (7) co cha a ch knh bao hiu
cua gatekeeper 2. Tip theo pha chu goi se gi ban tin Release
Complete ti pha b goi va trao i cp ban tin DRQ (9)/DCF (10) vi
42
gatekeeper 1. Khi nhn c DCF pha chu goi se lai bt u trao i

ban tin ARQ (11)/ACF (12) vi gatekeeper 1. Tip theo pha chu
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper 1
Gatekeeper 2
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Call proceeding (4)
ARQ (5)
ACF/ARJ (6)
Facility (7)
Release complete (8)
DRQ (9)
DCF (10)
ARQ (11)
ACF (12)
Setup (13)
Call proceeding (4)
Setup (14)
Call proceeding (4)
ARQ (15)
ACF/ARJ (16)
Alerting (17)
Alerting (17)
Connect (18)
Connect (19)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.17: Hai thu bao ng k vi 2 gatekeeper - Pha ch gi truyn trc

tip cn pha b gi th nh tuyn bo hiu qua gatekeeper 2
Goi se gi ban tin Setup (13) ti a ch knh bao hiu cua

gatekeeper 2, sau o gatekeeper 2 se gi ban tin Setup (13) ti pha
b goi. Pha b goi se bt u trao i ARQ (15)/ACF (16) vi
gatekeeper 2, sau o pha b goi se gi ban tin Connect (18) co cha
a ch knh iu khin H.245 cua no ti gatekeeper 2. gatekeeper 2
se gi ban tin Connect (19) ti pha chu goi.
43
+ Trng hp th 3 la gatekeeper 1 pha chu goi nh tuyn bao

hiu qua no con gatekeeper 2 pha b goi chon phng thc truyn
bao hiu trc tip. Thu tuc bao hiu cua trng hp nay c th
hin trn hnh 2.18.
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper 1
Gatekeeper 2
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Call proceeding (5)
Setup (4)
Call proceeding (5)
ARQ (6)
ACF/ARJ (7)
Alerting (8)
Alerting (8)
Connect (9)
Connect (10)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.18: Hai thu bao ng k vi 2 gatekeeper - gatekeeper 1 pha

ch gi nh tuyn bo hiu cn pha b gi th truyn trc tip
u tin pha chu goi trao i ban tin ARQ (1)/ACF (2) vi
gatekeeper 1, khi nhn c ACF co cha a ch knh bao hiu cua
gatekeeper 1 th TB chu goi se gi ban tin Setup (3) ti gatekeeper 1.
gatekeeper 1 se gi ban tin Setup (4) co cha a ch knh bao hiu
cua no ti TB b goi. Nu TB b goi chp nhn, no se trao i ARQ
(6)/ACF (7) vi gatekeeper 2, nu nhn c ARJ (7) th no se gi
ban tin Release Complete ti pha chu goi. Nu nhn c ACF (7)
th TB b goi se gi ban tin Connect (9) co cha a ch knh iu
khin H.245 cua no ti gatekeeper 1. gatekeeper 1 se gi ban tin
Connect (10) co cha a ch knh iu khin H.245 cua TB b goi ti
TB chu goi.
+ Trng hp th 4 la hai im cui ng ky vi 2 gatekeeper
va ca hai gatekeeper nay u chon phng thc nh tuyn bao hiu
cuc goi qua chung. Thu tuc bao hiu cua trng hp nay c th
hin trn hnh 2.19.
44
u tin TB chu goi trao i ARQ (1)/ACF (2) vi gatekeeper 1,

trong ban tin ACF co cha a ch knh bao hiu cua gatekeeper 1.
Tip theo TB chu goi cn c vao a ch nay gi ban tin Setup (3) ti
gatekeeper 1.. Qua trnh trao i ban tin co trnh t gn ging cac
trng hp trc nhng ch khac mt im o la cac TB ch trao i
ban tin bao hiu vi cac gatekeeper quan ly no va cac gatekeeper co
trao i ban tin bao hiu cuc goi vi nhau.
Endpoint 1
Gatekeeper 1
Gatekeeper 2
Endpoint 2
ARQ (1)
ACF/ARJ (2)
Setup (3)
Setup (4)
Call proceeding (5)
Call proceeding (5)

ARQ (6)
ACF/ARJ (7)
Facility (8)
Release complete (9)
Setup (10)
Call proceeding (5)
Setup (11)
Call proceeding (5)
ARQ (12)
ACF/ARJ (13)
Alerting (14)
Alerting (14)
Alerting (14)
Connect (15)
Connect (16)
Connect (17)
Knh bo hiu RAS

Knh bo hiu cuc gi
Hnh 2.19: Hai thu bao u ng k - nh tuyn qua hai gatekeeper
Bao hiu kiu Overlap

Cac thanh phn trong mang H323 co th c h tr kha nng
bao hiu kiu Overlap. Nu trong mang co gatekeeper th thu tuc bao
hiu kiu Overlap se c dung, cac im cui gi n gatekeeper
45
ban tin ARQ mi khi co thm thng tin v a ch goi. a ch nay

c lu trong trng destinationInfo cua ban tin ARQ. Nu a ch
nay la cha y u (gatekeeper khng th xac nh c ch) th
gatekeeper se tra li bng ban tin ARJ vi thanh phn thng tin
AddmissionRejectReason co gia tr la incompleteAddress (nu co gia
tr khac th cuc goi coi nh b huy bo). V vy, im cui phai gi
tip cac ban tin ARQ cho n khi a ch ma gatekeeper nhn c la
y u. Nu a nhn u a ch, gatekeeper tra li bng ban tin
ACF.
Khi im cui nhn c a ch knh bao hiu ch
destCallSignalAddress (co th la cua gatekeeper hoc cua ch tuy
theo phng phap nh tuyn bao hiu) t gatekeeper, no gi n a
ch nay goi tin Setup vi trng canOverlapSend ch nh liu
phng phap bao hiu Overlap co c ap dung hay khng. Nu pha
nhn nhn c ban tin Setup vi a ch cha y u va thanh
phn thng tin canOverlapSend co gia tr la TRUE th no se khi
ng thu tuc bao hiu kiu Overlap bng cach tra li bng ban tin
Setup Acknowledge. Cac thng tin thm v a ch se c pha chu
goi gi trong ban tin Information. Nu a ch nhn c la khng
y u va trng canOverlapSend co gia tr FALSE th pha nhn
tra li bng ban tin ReleaseComplete huy bo cuc goi.
Thu tuc kt ni nhanh
Sau khi trao i cac ban tin bao hiu, knh iu khin c
thit lp, sau o knh thng tin mi c m. Tuy nhin, co th bo
qua giai oan thit lp knh iu khin bng cach dung thu tuc kt
ni nhanh trn knh bao hiu.
Pha chu goi khi ng thu tuc kt ni nhanh khi gi ban tin
Setup co kem theo thanh phn thng tin fastStart n ph b goi.
Thanh phn thng tin fastSatrt nay cha mt chui cu truc
OpenLogicalChanel m ta y u cac thng tin v knh thng tin ma
no ngh thit lp.
Pha b goi co th t chi thu tuc kt ni nhanh bng cach
khng gi thanh phn thng tin fastStart trong bt c goi tin tra li
nao. Luc o, knh iu khin H245 phai c thit lp. Ngc lai,
46
nu pha b goi chp nhn, trong goi tin tra li se co cha thanh phn
thng tin fastStart la chon mt cu truc Open LogicalChanel trong
s cac cu truc ma bn goi ngh. Qua o, knh thng tin c thit
lp ging nh thu tuc ong m knh logic cua knh H245.
Pha b goi co th bt u truyn thng tin (media) ngay sau
khi nhn c goi tin bao hiu t pha chu goi co cha thanh phn
thng tin fastStart. Do o pha chu goi phai chun b sn sang
nhn bt c mt knh thng tin nao ma no a a ra trong ban tin
Setup. Khi nhn c ban tin tra li co cha thanh phn thng tin
fastStart , pha chu goi co th ngng chun b nhn thng tin trn
cac knh khng c chp nhn. Pha chu goi co th yu cu pha b
goi cha gi thng tin trc khi tra li bng ban tin Connect. Nu
nh
trong
ban
tin
Setup,
thanh
phn
thng
tin
mediaWaitForConnect c thit lp la TRUE th pha b goi khng
c phep gi dong thng tin media cho n khi a gi i ban tin
Connect.
Pha chu goi co th bt u truyn thng tin media ngay khi
nhn c ban tin tra li co thanh phn thng tin fastStart.V vy,
bn b goi phai sn sang nhn thng tin media trn knh ma no a
chp nhn.
Chuyn sang knh H245
Sau khi thit lp cuc goi s dung thu tuc kt ni nhanh, mt
trong hai bn co nhu cu s dung cac thu tuc ch co knh H245.
Mt trong hai bn co th khi ng thu tuc thit lp knh H245
trong bt k thi im nao cua cuc goi, s dung phng thc ma hoa
goi tin H245 trong goi tin H225 (xem phn sau) hoc s dung kt ni
knh H245 ring. Khi s dung thu tuc kt ni nhanh, knh bao hiu
phai c m cho n khi cuc goi kt thuc hoc knh H245 c
thit lp.
Khi s dung knh H245 ring, tt ca cac thu tuc bt buc cua
H245 phai c thc hin trc khi khi ng cac thu tuc khac.
Knh thng tin a c thit lp trong thu tuc kt ni nhanh se c
tha k va c xem nh chung a c m bi thu tuc m knh
thng tin cua H245.
47
Giai phong cuc go

Nu knh thng tin c thit lp bng thu tuc kt ni nhanh
va khng chuyn sang knh H245, cuc goi c giai phong khi mt
trong hai bn gi i goi tin bao hiu ReleaseComplete.
Thit lp knh iu khin
Sau khi trao i csac ban tin thit lp cuc goi, cac im cui se
thit lp knh iu khin H.245 vi a ch c xac nh trong bc
1. Knh iu khin nay co th do pha b goi thit lp sau khi no
nhn c ban tin Setup hoc do pha chu goi thit lp khi no nhn
c ban tin Alerting hoc Call Proceeding. Trong trng hp khng
nhn c ban tin Connect hoc mt im cui gi Release
Complete, th knh iu khin H.245 se b ong.
u tin cac im cui trao i cac ban tin trao i kha nng
thu phat lung thng tin media. Sau o chung se thc hin thu tuc
xac nh chu - t (master - slave). Trong trng hp ca hai im
cui u co kha nng cua MC, thu tuc nay se xac nh im cui nao
la active MC (active MC se la chu trong cuc goi hi ngh).
Sau khi thc hin xong cac thu tuc nay, cuc goi chuyn sang
bc th 3 thit lp knh thng tin.
Ma hoa ban tin H245 trong ban tin bao hiu H225.0
Vi muc ch duy tr tai nguyn, ng b hoa gia bao hiu va
iu khin cuc goi, giam thi gian thit lp cuc goi, cac ban tin
H245 se c ma hoa trong ban tin bao hiu H225 truyn trn knh
bao hiu thay v thit lp mt knh iu khin H245 ring.
im cui mun s dung phng thc nay se thit lp thanh
phn thng tin h245Tunneling ln gia tr TRUE trong ban tin Setup
va cac ban tin bao hiu sau o trong thi gian phng thc nay vn
c s dung. Nu chp nhn phng thc nay, bn nhn se thit
lp thanh phn thng tin h245Tunneling ln gia tr TRUE trong ban
tin tra li cho ban tin Setup va trong cac ban tin tip theo trong thi
gian phng thc nay vn c s dung.
48
Mt hoc nhiu ban tin H245 co th c ma hoa trong mt ban

tin H225.0. Trong thi gian khng cn truyn ban tin bao hiu nao
ma cn phai gi ban tin iu khin H245 th ban tin H245 se c
gi i trong ban tin bao hiu Facility trn knh bao hiu.
Nu trong ban tin Setup co ma hoa ban tin H245 nhng pha b
goi lai khng chp nhn th pha chu goi phai coi nh pha b goi a
bo qua thanh phn thng tin nay.
Pha chu goi khng c phep s dung thanh phn thng tin
fastStart va goi tin H245 c ma hoa trong cung ban tin Setup, bi
v nh vy th thu tuc kt ni nhanh se b bo qua. Mc du vy, ca hai
bn vn co th gi thanh phn thng tin fastStart va thit lp gia tr
h245Tunneling bng TRUE trong cung ban tin Setup. Trong trng
hp nay, thu tuc kt ni nhanh se c thc hin va kt ni H245
vn cha c thit lp. Khi khi ng thit lp knh H245 hoc cac
ban tin H245 c ma hoa trong goi tin H225.0 c truyn i th
thu tuc kt ni nhanh c kt thuc.
Khi s dung phng thc nay, knh bao hiu phai c duy tr
cho n khi cuc goi kt thuc hoc knh H245 c thit lp.
Chuyn sang kt ni H245 ring
Khi phng thc ma hoa ban tin H245 trong ban tin bao hiu
hoc thu tuc kt ni nhanh c s dung, mt trong hai im cui co
th khi ng chuyn sang s dung mt knh H245 ring. co th
chuyn sang knh H245 tai mt thi im bt k, cac ban tin bao
hiu phai lun cha a ch cua knh H245. Nu mt im cui mui
chuyn sang s dung knh H245 ring ma cha nhn c a ch
cua knh H245 trong ban tin bao hiu th no se gi i mt ban tin
FACILITY kem theo a ch cua no, ng thi yu cu bn kia gi tra
lai a ch cua knh H245. Sau khi a co a ch chung se m kt ni
TCP thit lp knh iu khin. Bn khi tao knh iu khin
khng c phep gi thm bt c ban tin bao hiu nao co cha ban
tin H245, ng thi cac ban tin H245 cung cha c phep truyn
cho n khi kt ni TCP c xac nhn. Bn xac nhn kt ni TCP
sau khi a xac nhn khng c phep gi thm cac ban tin bao hiu
co ma hoa ban tin iu khin na.
49
Bi v co th trong thi gian khi tao knh H245, cac ban tin
bao hiu co ma hoa ban tin H245 vn co th c truyn i, nn cac
im cui phai co kha nng x l cac ban tin nay cho n khi nhn
c ban tin bao hiu co thanh phn thng tin h245Tunneling la
FALSE. Tra li cho cac ban tin nay se c truyn trn knh iu
khin a c thit lp. Sau khi knh H245 c thit lp th khng
th quay tr lai s dung phng thc ma hoa ban tin H245 trong ban
tin bao hiu na.
Thit lp knh truyn thng
Sau khi trao i kha nng (tc nhn ti a, phng thc ma
hoa..) va xac nh master-slave trong giao tip trong giai oan 2, thu
tuc iu khin knh H.245 se thc hin vic m knh logic truyn
thng tin. Sau khi m knh logic truyn tn hiu la m thanh va
hnh anh th mi im cui truyn tn hiu se truyn i mt ban tin
h2250MaximumSkewIndication xac nh thng s truyn.
Thay i ch hoat ng
Trong giai oan nay cac im cui co th thc hin thu tuc
thay i cu truc knh, thay i kha nng va ch truyn cung nh
nhn.
Trao i cac lung tn hiu video
Vic s dung ch th videoIndicateReadyToActive c nh
ngha trong khuyn ngh H.245 la khng bt buc, nhng khi s
dung th thu tuc cua no nh sau.
u tin pha chu goi se khng c phep truyn video cho n
khi pha b goi ch th sn sang truyn video. Pha chu goi se
truyn ban tin videoIndicateReadyToActive sau khi kt thuc qua
trnh trao i kha nng, nhng no se khng truyun tn hiu video
cho n khi nhn c ban tin videoIndicateReadyToActive hoc
nhn c lung tn hiu video n t pha pha b goi.
50
Phn phi cac a ch lung d liu

Trong ch mt a ch, mt im cui se m mt knh logic
ti MCU hoc mt im cui khac. a ch cua cac knh cha trong
ban tin openLogicalChannel va openLogicalChannelAck.
Trong ch a ch nhom, a ch nhom se c xac nh bi
MC va c truyn ti cac im cui trong ban tin
communicationModeCommand. Mt im cui se bao cho MC vic
m mt knh logic vi a ch nhom thng qua ban tin
openLogicalChannel va MC se truyn ban tin o ti tt ca cac im
cui trong nhom.
Dch vu
Luc nay, cuc goi a c thit lp, hai bn co th trao i
thng tin media. Cac dch vu giam sat cht lng hoat ng, thay i
rng bng tn, cac dch vu b tr khac cung c tin hanh.
Thay i rng bng tn
rng bng tn cua mt cuc goi c gatekeeper thit lp
trong khoang thi gian thit lp trao i. Mt im cui phai chc
chn rng tng tt ca lung truyn, nhn m thanh va hnh anh u
phai nm trong rng bng tn a thit lp.
Tai moi thi im trong khi hi thoai, im cui hoc
gatekeeper u co th yu cu tng hoc giam rng bng tn. Mt
im cui co th thay i tc truyn trn mt knh logic ma khng
yu cu gatekeeper thay i rng bng tn nu nh tng tc
truyn va nhn khng vt qua rng bng tn hin tai. Trong
trng hp ngc lai th im cui phai yu cu gatekeeper ma no
ng ky thay i rng bng tn.
Thu tuc thay i rng bng tn - thay i thng s truyn
c th hin trn hnh 2.20. Khi im cui 1 mun tng tc
truyn trn knh logic trc ht no phai xac nh xem co th vt
qua rng bng tn cua cuc goi hin tai khng. Nu co th th no
se gi ban tin BRQ (1) ti gatekeeper 1. Khi nhn c ban tin BCF
51
(2) co ngha la co u rng bng tn cho yu cu, im cui 1 se gi

ban tin closeLogicalChannel (3) ong knh logic. Sau o no se m
lai knh logic bng cach gi ban tin openLogicalChannel (4) co cha
gia tr tc mi ti im cui 2. Trc ht no phai xac nh xem gia
tr o co vt qua rng bng tn cua knh hay khng, nu chp
nhn gia tr nay th no se trao i ban tin yu cu thay i rng
bng tn BRQ (5)/BCF (6) vi gatekeeper 2. Nu rng bng tn u
cho yu cu thay i th im cui 2 se tra li im cui 1 bng ban
tin openLogicChannelAck (7), trong trng hp ngc lai no se t
chi bng ban tin openLogicChannelReject.
Gatekeeper Endpoint 1
BRQ (1)
BCF/BRJ (2)
Endpoint 2 Gatekeeper
CloseLogicalChannel
OpenLogicalChannel
OpenLogicalCh Ack
Knh RAS
Knh H245
BRQ (5)
BCF/BRJ (6)
Ch : Gatekeeper 1 v gatekeeper 2 c
th l mt.
Hnh 2.20: Yu cu thay i rng bng tn - thay i thng s truyn
Thu tuc thay i rng bng tn - Thay i thng s nhn

c th hin trn hnh 2.21. Khi im cui 1 mun tng tc nhn
trn knh logic cua mnh, trc ht no phai xac nh xem co th vt
qua rng bng tn cua cuc goi hin tai khng. Nu co th th no
se gi BRQ (1) ti gatekeeper 1, khi nhn c BCF (2) th no se gi
ban tin flowControlCommand (3) co cha gii han tc mi cua
knh ti im cui 2. Trc ht im cui 2 phai xac nh xem bng
tn mi co vt qua kha nng cua knh khng, nu chp nhn c
th no se gi ban tin yu cu thay i rng bng tn BRQ (4) ti
gatekeeper 2. Khi nhn c BCF (5) th im cui 2 se gi ban tin
closeLogiclChannel (6) ong knh logic sau o m lai knh logic
bng ban tin openLogicalChannel (7) co cha tc bit mi ti im
cui 1. u cui 1 se xac nh tc mi va tra li im cui 2 bng
ban tin openLogicalChannelAck (6).
52
Gatekeeper 1
Endpoint
Endpoint 2 Gatekeeper
BRQ (1)
BCF/BRJ
FlowControlCommand
BRQ (4)
BCF/BRJ
CloseLogicalChannel
OpenLogicalChannel
OpenLogicalCh Ack
Knh RAS
Knh H245
Ch : Gatekeeper 1 v gatekeeper 2 c
th l mt.
Hnh 2.21: Yu cu thay i rng bng tn - thay i thng s nhn
Giam sat trang thai

giam sat trang thai hoat ng cua im cui, gatekeeper
lin tuc trao i cp ban tin IRQ/IRR vi cac im cui do no kim
soat . Khoang thi gian u n gia cac ln trao i cac ban tin co
th ln hn 10 giy va gia tr cua no do nha san xut quyt nh.
Gatekeeper co th yu cu mt im cui gi cho no ban tin
IRR mt cach u n nh gia tr cua trng irrFrequency trong ban
tin ACF gi cho im cui o xac nh tc truyn ban tin IRR.
Khi xac nh c gia tr cua trng irrFrequency, im cui se gi
ban tin IRR vi tc o trong sut khoang thi gian cua cuc goi.
Trong khi o gatekeeper co th vn gi IRQ ti im cui va yu cu
tra li theo c ch nh a trnh bay trn.
Trong khoang thi gian din ra cuc goi, mt im cui hoc
gatekeeper co th u n hoi trang thai t im cui bn kia bng
cach s dung ban tin Status Enquiry. im cui nhn c ban tin
Status Enquiry se tra li bng ban tin ch th trang thai hin thi.
Thu tuc hoi ap nay co th c gatekeeper s dung kim tra mt
cach u n xem cuc goi co con ang hoat ng khng. Co mt lu
53
y la cac ban tin nay la ban tin H.225.0 c truyn trn knh bao
hiu cuc goi khng anh hng n cac ban tin IRR c truyn trn
knh RAS.
Kt thuc cuc goi
Mt im cui co th kt thuc cuc goi theo cac bc cua thu
tuc sau:
Dng truyn lung tn hiu video khi kt thuc truyn mt anh,
sau o ong tt ca cac knh logic phuc vu truyn video.
Dng truyn d liu va ong tt ca cac knh logic dung
truyn d liu.
Dng truyn audio sau o ong tt ca cac knh logic dung
truyn audio.
Truyn ban tin H.245 endSessionCommand trn knh iu
khin H.245 bao cho thu bao u kia bit no mun kt thuc cuc
goi. Sau o no dng truyn cac ban tin H.245 va ong knh iu
khin H.245.
No se ch nhn ban tin endSessionCommand t bn kia va se
ong knh iu khin H.245
Nu knh bao hiu cuc goi ang m, th no se truyn i ban
tin Release Complete sau o ong knh bao hiu.
No cung co th kt thuc cuc goi theo cac thu tuc sau y:
+ Mt im cui nhn ban tin endSessionCommand ma trc
o no khng truyn i ban tin nay, th no se ln lt thc hin cac
bc t 1 n 6 trn y ch bo qua bc 5.
Chu y: Kt thuc mt cuc goi khng co ngha la kt thuc mt
hi ngh (cuc goi co nhiu im cui tham gia), mt hi ngh se chc
chn kt thuc khi s dung ban tin H.245 dropConference. Khi o cac
im cui se ch MC kt thuc cuc goi theo thu tuc trn.
Trong mt cuc goi khng co s tham gia cua gatekeeper th ch
cn thc hin cac bc t 1 n 6.
54
Gatekeeper 1 Endpoint 1
Endpoint 2
Gatekeeper 2
EndSessionCommand
(1)
EndSessionCommand
(1)
DRQ (3)
Release Complete
(2)
DRQ (3)
DCF (4)
DCF (4)
Knh RAS
Knh bo
hiu
Knh
H245
Ch : Hai gatekeeper c th l mt
Hnh 2.22: im cui kt thc cuc gi c s tham gia ca

gatekeeper
Nhng trong cuc goi co s tham gia cua gatekeeper th cn co

hoat ng giai phong bng tn, thu tuc nay c th hin trn hnh
2.22. V vy sau khi thc hin cac bc t 1 n 6, mi im cui se
truyn i ban tin DRQ (3) ti gatekeeper yu cu giai phong khoi
gatekeeper. Sau o gatekeeper se tra li bng ban tin DCF (4). Sau
khi gi DRQ, th im cui se khng gi ban tin IRR ti gatekeeper
na va khi o cuc goi kt thuc.
Trn y la thu tuc kt thuc cuc goi co s tham gia cua
gatekeeper do im cui thc hin. Thu tuc kt thuc cuc goi do
gatekeeper thc hin c th hin trn hnh 2.23. u tin
gatekeeper gi ban tin DRQ ti im cui, khi nhn c ban tin nay
im cui se ln lt thc hin cac bc t 1 n 6 sau o tra li
gatekeeper bng ban tin DCF. Thu bao u kia khi nhn c ban
tin endSessionCommand se thc hin thu tuc giai phong ging
55
trng hp im cui chu ng kt thuc cuc goi (hnh 2.23). Nu

cuc goi la mt hi ngh th gatekeeper se gi DRQ ti tt ca cac
im cui tham gia hi ngh
Gatekeeper
Endpoint 1
Endpoint 2
Gatekeeper
DRQ
EndSessionCommand
Release Complete (2)
DCF
DCF (4)
Knh RAS
Knh bo hiu
Knh H245
Ch : Gatekeeper 1 v gatekeeper 2
c th l mt
Hnh 2.23: Kt thc cuc gi bt u t gatekeeper
Cuc goi co s tham gia cua u cui trong mang SCN

i vi cuc goi co s tham gia cua mang SCN co th xay ra cac
trng hp sau:
Cuc goi t u cui H323 n u cui SCN.
Cuc goi t u cui SCN n u cui H323.
Cuc goi gia hai u cui SCN qua mang IP (H323).
Khi co s tham gia cua u cui trong mang SCN th bt buc
phai co gateway chuyn i giao thc gia mang SCN va mang
H323. Bao hiu gia gateway vi u cui hoc mt gateway khac
tun theo khuyn ngh H323 cua ITU. Tuy nhin khng phai tt ca
cac thu tuc, ban tin cua H323 u c ap dung cho VoIP, tiu chun
ky thut TS 101 322 va TS 101 471 cua ESTI se gii han cac thu tuc
cua H323 ap dung trong VoIP. Bao hiu gia u cui SCN va
gateway tun theo giao thc cua mang SCN (co th la bao hiu R2,
bao hiu s 7...). Trong phn nay, ta se khng ch ro giao thc bao
hiu c ap dung gia mang SCN va gateway.
56
Cuc goi c chia lam 3 phn : thit lp cuc goi, x l cuc goi
va giai phong cuc goi.
Thit lp cuc goi
iu kin ban u: cuc goi ch c thit lp sau khi cac thu
tuc ng k vi gatkeeper c hoan thanh.
Cuc goi t u cui H323 n u cui SCN
Thit lp cuc goi c ban
Cuc goi co th c thit lp theo thu tuc c nh ngha
trong khuyn ngh H.323 (xem muc 2.2) theo cac iu kin sau:
Theo khuyn ngh nay th mt cuc goi se ch c s dung mt
knh kt ni vi mang SCN. Cac cuc goi yu cu s dung nhiu
knh khng c h tr.
Gatekeeper va gateway do no quan ly phai h tr ca hai kiu
bao hiu en-bloc va Overlap.
Thu tuc bao hiu kiu en-bloc
Thu tuc bao hiu en-bloc co th c ch nh bi u cui
H323. Ngoai ra, no cung c thc hin khi gatekeeper nhn thy
a ch cua pha b goi nm trong thanh phn thng tin
CalledPartyNumber cua ban tin SETUP la y u.
Thng tin CalledPartyNumber coi nh y u theo cac iu
kin sau:
+ Gatekeeper bit y u thng tin v phng phap anh s
thu bao b goi va xac nh s nhn c la y u.
+ Trong ban tin SETUP co cha thanh phn thng tin Sending
complete.
+ Thng s candOverlapSend (Xem bao hiu kiu Overlap phn
2.2.2.1) khng co mt hoc nhn gia tr la FALSE.
+ CalledPartyNumber co ch s cui cung la #.
57
Khi u cui H.323 nhn c tra li bng ban tin CALL

PROC, th thanh phn thng tin "Sending complete" se c chen
vao ban tin SETUP hoc ban tin INFORMATION va truyn ti cac
phn t mang tip theo (v du nh gatekeeper hoc gateway tip
theo).
Thu tuc bao hiu kiu Overlap
Khi nhn c ban tin SETUP co cha s b goi ma gatekeeper
khng xac nh c th no se khi ng b nh thi T302 (gia tr
cua b nh thi T302 c ch ra trong khuyn ngh Q.931 cua ITUT) sau o no gi tr lai ban tin SETUP ACK.
Gatekeeper se khi ng lai b nh thi T302 khi nhn c
tt ca cac ban tin INFORMATION khng cha ch th "Sending
complete" va co cha thanh phn thng tin s pha b goi vi t nht
mt ky t co ngha.
Hnh 2.24 th hin mt thu tuc bao hiu kiu Overlap cho cuc
goi t mt u cui H.323 ti mt thu bao trong mang SCN
u cui H323
Gatekeeper
SCN
Gateway
Setup
S
Infomation
S
Knh media m t gateway n u cui H323
S
Infomation
Call Proc
Alerting
Setup
Infomation
S
Infomation
Call Proc
Call Proc
Alerting
Alerting
Knh media m c hai chiu
Connect
Connect
Connect
Hnh 2.24: Thit lp cuc gi kiu Overlap - s dng th

tc kt ni nhanh
58
NOTE 1: Ngay khi gatekeeper nhn c u ch s co ngha

nh tuyn cuc goi th no se gi ban tin SETUP n cho gateway.
NOTE 2+3: Ban tin INFORMATION co th c gi i khi
ngi s dung mun cung cp thm thng tin.
NOTE 4: Khi mang SCN nhn u s co ngha hoan thanh
vic phn tch s th no se gi i ban tin CALL PROCEEDING se
c gi i thay v ban tin SETUP ACK khi tra li ban tin SETUP
va cac ban tin INFORMATION se bi loai bo.
NOTE 5: Gia s rng vic ng ky cua u cui H.323 c
thc hin trc khi bt u gi va nhn tun t cac ban tin.
Chu y: S pha b goi c coi nh la y u trong mt s iu
kin sau:
Nu gatekeeper co cha toan b danh ba va no xac nh c
pha b goi hoan thanh kt ni.
Nu ban tin SETUP co cha thanh phn thng tin "Sending
complete".
Nu khng co thng s canOverlapSend hoc b t vao trang
thai FALSE.
Nu s pha b goi co cha ky t cui cung la '#'.
Nu s pha b goi c nhn dang la tun theo nh dang
E.164 va co cha thng s destinationInfo.
Thit lp cac knh thng tin
Thu tuc kt ni nhanh
Thu tuc kt ni nhanh s dung trong mang VoIP c trnh
bay trong muc 2.2.2.2.
Chu y 1: thu tuc nay cho phep trao i thit lp knh thng
tin theo khuyn ngh H.245 hoc quay tr lai thu tuc bao hiu H.245
tai moi thi im cua cuc goi.
59
Chu y 2: Thu tuc nay cho phep trao i cac thng tin trong
bng tn (in-band) khi thit lp cuc goi.
Ma hoa ban tin H.245 trong ban tin H.225.0
Mang VoIP cho phep ma hoa ban tin H.245 trong ban tin
H.225.0 nh c trnh bay trong muc 2.2.2.3.
Chu y: trong VoIP vic ma hoa ban tin H.245 trong ban tin
H.225.0 c u tin s dung hn thit lp knh H245 ring bi v
no mang lai hiu qua cao hn.
Cac thng tin bao hiu trong bng
Trong giai oan thit lp cuc goi
Nu gateway kt ni vi mang SCN nhn c ban tin
PROGRESS (trc khi nhn c ban tin ALERTING) hoc ban tin
CALL PROCEEDING co cha thng tin ch th Progress t pha
mang SCN, th gateway se gi ban tin PROGRESS ti gatekeeper.
Ban tin nay cha thng tin ch th Progress a nhn c.
Nu nhn c ban tin CALL PROCEEDING t pha mang
SCN trong khi cha gi ban tin CALL PROCEEDING, th gateway
se gi ban tin CALL PROCEEDING. Ban tin nay co cha thng tin
ch th Progress.
Khi gatekeeper nhn c ban tin CALL PROCEEDING co
cha thng tin ch th Progress th gatekeeper (trc khi truyn ban
tin CALL PROCEEDING) se dng moi b nh thi giam sat cuc goi
ang chay va khi ng b nh thi T301.
Khi gatekeeper nhn c ban tin PROGRESS (trc khi nhn
c ban tin ALERTING) co cha thng tin ch th Progress (nhng
khng cha thng tin ch th Cause) th gatekeeper (trc khi truyn
ban tin PROGRESS) se dng moi b nh thi giam sat cuc goi ang
chay va khi ng b nh thi T301.
Khi u cui H.323 nhn c ban tin CALL PROCEEDING co
cha thng tin ch th Progress, th no se dng moi b nh thi giam
sat cuc goi ang chay va khi ng b nh thi T301.
60
Khi u cui H.323 nhn c ban tin PROGRESS (trc khi

nhn c ban tin ALERTING) co cha thng tin ch th Progress
(nhng khng thng tin ch th Cause), u cui H.323 se dng moi
b nh thi giam sat cuc goi ang chay va khi ng b nh thi
T301.
Trong giai oan giai phong cuc goi
Nu gateway kt ni vi mang SCN nhn c phn t thng
tin ch th Progress trong ban tin DISCONNECT t pha mang SCN
th gateway se gi ban tin PROGRESS ti gatekeeper. Ban tin nay
se co cha ca thng tin ch th Progress va ch th Cause nhn c.
Chu y: Nu gateway nhn c ban tin PROGRESS co cha
thng tin ch th Cause va Progress th ban nay se c gi nguyn
va gi n gatekeeper.
Khi gatekeeper nhn c ban tin PROGRESS co cha thng
tin ch th Progress va Cause th gatekeeper (trc khi gi i ban tin
PROGRESS) se dng moi b nh thi giam sat cuc goi ang chay
va khi ng b nh thi T301.
Khi u cui H.323 hoc gateway nhn c ban tin
PROGRESS co cha thng tin ch th Progress va Cause th
gatekeeper se dng moi b nh thi giam sat cuc goi ang chay va
khi ng b nh thi T301.
Gatekeeper dch a ch s b goi
Ban tin ARQ gi t im cui H.323 n gatekeeper co cha s
pha b goi trong trng destinationInfo va destExtraCallInfo. Cn
c vao o gatekeeper se dch s pha b goi nhn c t u cui
H.323 thanh a ch tng ng va cac thng tin b sung.
Trong trng hp cuc goi c nh tuyn trc tip (khng
qua gatekeeper) cac thng tin a dch nay se c gi tr lai u cui
H.323 trong ban tin ACF s dung cac trng destinationInfo,
destExtraCallInfo va remoteExtensionAddress. Cn c vao cac thng
tin nhn c u cui H.323 se gi ban tin SETUP ti u cui
ch. u cui H.323 co th che cac thng tin nay tranh khach
hang khac s dung truy nhp. Nu khng tm thy cac thng tin
61
nay th u cui H.323 se s dung cac cac s gi trong ban tin ARQ
gi trong ban tin SETUP. Nu tm thy cac trng thng tin nay
nhng khng co ni dung th u cui H.323 se khng gi thng tin
v thu bao ch trong ban tin SETUP. Trong trng hp o
gatekeeper se cung cp thng tin nh tuyn trong cac Token che
i cac thng tin nay t u cui.
Nu mang mun bao v cac thng tin nh tuyn khoi cac ke
truy nhp trm t u cui H.323, th no se s dung m hnh
gatekeeper nh tuyn cuc goi bng trng thng tin preGranted
trong ban tin ARQ.
Cuc goi t u cui SCN ti u cui H.323
trong khuyn ngh H.323 cua ITU-T theo cac iu kin sau:
Theo khuyn ngh nay th mt cuc goi ch c s dung mt
knh khng c h tr;
Hnh 2.25 th hin mt thu tuc bao hiu kiu Overlap cho cuc
goi t mt thu bao trong mang SCN ti u cui H.323.
62
Gatewa
Gatekeeper
Setup
u cui H323
Setup
Infomation
Setup
Call Proc
Call Proc
Call Proc
Alerting
Connect
Alerting
Connect
K h
Alerting
Connect
di
Hnh 2.25: Thit lp cuc gi t u cui SCN n u cui

H323
NOTE 1: Gatekeeper cha nhn u thng tin nh tuyn

cuc goi.
NOTE 2: Gatekeeper a nhn u thng tin cn thit nh
tuyn cuc goi.
NOTE 3: Khng phu thuc vao vic s dung thu tuc kt ni
nhanh, vic kch hoat knh truyn thng b tr lai cho dn khi
gatekeeper nhn c ban tin CONNECT. Hoat ng nay ng vi
vic gatekeeper s dung thng s mediaWaitForConnect thay v
thng s fastStart.
nh v pha b goi H.323
Nu gateway nhn c mt yu cu cuc goi t mang SCN th
no se c gng nh v pha b goi H.323.
Cach thc gatekeeper nh v c trnh bay trong muc 2.1.3.
Bao hiu kiu Overlap
63
Gateway phai h tr truyn tn hiu bao hiu kiu Overlap

trong giao din vi mang SCN. Nu u cui H.323 cung h tr
phng thc truyn bao hiu nay th gatekeeper cung se s dung
kiu bao hiu Overlap vi u cui.
Chu y: Nu mang SCN s dung kiu truyn bao hiu Overlap
th gateway hoc gatekeeper quan ly no phai lu cac s a ch a
nhn c cho n khi tm thy u cui H.323 ch.
Bao hiu kiu En-bloc
Sau khi u cui H.323 c gatekeeper nh v th thu tuc bao
hiu En-bloc se c s dung. Khi o gateway (trong trng hp cuc
goi nh tuyn trc tip ) hoc gatekeeper (trong trng hp cuc goi
do gatekeeper nh tuyn) se gi phn t thng tin "Sending
complete" ti u cui H.323.
Thit lp knh thng tin
Thu tuc kt ni nhanh
Mang VoIP co th s dung thu tuc kt ni nhanh c trnh
Chu y 1: Thu tuc nay cho phep trao i thit lp knh thng
Chu y 2: Thu tuc nay cho phep trao i cac thng tin trong
bng (in-band) trong giai oan thit lp cuc goi.
Chu y: Vic ma hoa ban tin H.245 trong ban tin H.225.0 c
u tin hn s dung knh H245 ring bi v no mang lai hiu qua cao
hn.
64
iu khin hi m chung
Khi u cui H.323 ap ng bng ban tin ALERTING th
gatekeeper quan ly u cui H.323 b goi se phat hi m chung v
pha pha chu goi. Sau khi phat hi m chung, gatekeeper se chen
phn t thng tin ch th vi PI c thit lp gia tr la 8 co ngha la
cho phep trao i thng tin bao hiu trong bng.
Nu gateway nhn c ban tin ALERTING khng co cha
phn t thng tin ch th Progress vi PI co gia tr la 8 th gateway se
bt u phat hi m chung.
Khi gateway nhn c ban tin ALERTING trong khi nhn
c cuc goi t SCN th gateway se chen phn t thng tin ch th
Progress vi PI c thit lp la 8 co ngha la cho phep trao i
thng tin bao hi u
trong bng nu nh thng tin nay cha c thit
lp.
Cuc goi gia hai u cui SCN qua mang IP
trong khuyn ngh H.323 cua ITU-T theo cac iu kin sau:
Theo khuyn ngh nay th mt cuc goi se ch c s dung mt
knh khng c h tr.
Thu tuc bao hiu kiu en-bloc
Thu tuc bao hiu en-bloc co th c ch nh bi u cui SCN
chu goi. Nu thu bao chu goi s dung bao hiu kiu en-loc, va cac
thng tin la y u co th nh tuyn n egress gateway
(gateway cua thu bao b goi) th thit lp cuc goi ti u cui b goi
se c khi ng.
Thu tuc bao hiu kiu Overlap
65
Gateway phai h tr thu tuc bao hiu kiu Overlap trong giao
din vi mang SCN.
Chu y: Nu u cui chu goi s dung thu tuc bao hiu Overlap
th ingress gateway (gateway cua thu bao chu goi) va gatekeeper
phai lu cac s nhn c cho n khi tm ra c egress gateway
Khi gatekeeper nhn c ban tin SETUP ma trng thng tin
s b goi khng th xac nh c egress gateway th no se khi ng
b nh thi T302 va gi tra lai ban tin SETUP ACKNOWLEDGE.
Mi khi nhn c ban tin INFORMATION khng cha ch th
Sending complete va co trng thng tin v s b goi co cha nt
nht mt ch s, th no se khi ng lai b nh thi T302.
Hnh 2.26 th hin giai oan thit lp cuc goi gia hai u
cui SCN qua mang IP.
SCN
ch gi
Ingress
Gateway
Gatekeepe
S
Setup
(
Egress
Gateway
Setup
CN
(note 1)
I f
S
Knh thng tin m t gateway b gi n ch gi
Setup
Knh thng tin mt chiu t thu bao b gi n thu bao ch gi
(note 2)
Setup
Setup
I f
Call Proc
Call Proc
Call Proc
I f
Call Proc
Alerting
Connect
Alerting
Alerting
Alerting
Connect
Connect
Connect
Knh thng tin m c hai
Hnh 2.26: Cuc gi gia hai u cui SCN qua mng

IP, bo hiu kiu Overlap S dng th tc kt ni nhanh
(note 3)
66
NOTE 1: Khi gatekeeper nhn y u thng tin nh tuyn

cuc goi, no gi ban tin SETUP n egress gateway.
NOTE 2: Ban tin INFORMATION cung cp thm thng tin v
ngi s dung.
NOTE 3: Nu mang SCN nhn c y u ch s phn
tch, no tra li bng ban tin CALL PROC thay v ban tin SETUP
ACK.
Thit lp knh thng tin
Thu tuc kt ni nhanh:
Mang VoIP co th s dung thu tuc kt ni nhanh c trnh
Chu y 1: thu tuc nay cho phep trao i thit lp knh thng
Chu y 2: thu tuc nay cho phep trao i cac thng tin trong bng
(in-band) trong giai oan thit lp cuc goi.
Chu y: vic ma hoa ban tin H.245 trong ban tin H.225.0 c
u tin s dung hn knh H245 ring bi v no mang lai hiu qua cao
hn.
Cac thng tin bao hiu trong bng
Trong giai oan thit lp cuc goi
Nu egress gateway nhn c ban tin PROGRESS ( trc khi
nhn c ban tin ALERTING) hoc ban tin CALL PROCEEDING
(sau khi a gi i ban tin CALL PROCEEDING) co cha ch th
Progress t pha mang SCN, th gateway se gi n gatekeeper ban
tin PROGRESS. Ban tin nay cha ch th Progress a nhn c.
67
Nu nhn c ban tin CALL PROCEEDING t pha mang

SCN trong khi cha gi ban tin CALL PROCEEDING, th egress
gateway se gi ban tin CALL PROCEEDING. Ban tin nay co cha
thng tin ch th Progress.
Khi gatekeeper nhn c ban tin CALL PROCEEDING co
cha thng tin ch th Progress hoc ban tin PROGRESS (trc khi
nhn c ban tin ALERTING) co cha thng tin ch th Progress
(nhng khng cha thng tin ch th Cause) th gatekeeper (trc khi
truyn ban tin CALL PROCEEDING) se dng moi b nh thi giam
sat cuc goi ang chay va khi ng b nh thi T301.
Khi ingress gateway nhn c ban tin CALL PROCEEDING
co cha thng tin ch th Progress hoc ban tin PROGRESS (Trc
khi nhn c ban tin ALERTING) co cha ch th Progress (nhng
khng cha ch th Cause) , th no se dng moi b nh thi giam sat
cuc goi ang chay va khi ng b nh thi T301.
Trong giai oan giai phong cuc goi
Nu gateway kt ni vi mang SCN nhn c phn t thng
tin ch th Progress trong ban tin DISCONNECT t pha mang SCN
th gateway se gi ban tin PROGRESS ti gatekeeper. Ban tin nay
se co cha ca thng tin ch th Progress va ch th Received cause.
Chu y: Nu gateway nhn c ban tin PROGRESS co cha
thng tin ch th Cause va Progress th ban nay se c gi nguyn
va gi n gatekeeper.
Khi gatekeeper nhn c ban tin PROGRESS co cha thng
tin ch th Progress va Cause th gatekeeper (trc khi gi i ban tin
PROGRESS) se dng moi b nh thi giam sat cuc goi ang chay
va khi ng b nh thi T301.
Khi u cui H.323 nhn c ban tin PROGRESS co cha
thng tin ch th Progress va Cause th gatekeeper se dng moi b
nh thi giam sat cuc goi ang chay va khi ng b nh thi
T301.
Thc hin cuc goi
68
Khai nim chung

i vi cuc goi ti mt thu bao trong mang SCN, giai oan
thc hin cuc goi c tnh t khi pha b goi tra li va gateway
nhn c ban Connect. i vi cuc goi t mang SCN th giai oan
thc hin cuc goi c tnh t khi gateway truyn ch th tra li cho
mang SCN.
Khi phat hin co li cua cuc goi trong mang IP th li nay se
c thng bao cho khi chc nng ghi cc.
Chu y 1: phat hin li cuc goi trong mang IP cho muc ch
quan ly va tnh cc, gatekeeper phai xac nh chu ky kim tra knh
truyn th hin bng gia tr cua trng irrFrequency trong ban tin
AdmissionConfirm (ACF).
Cac trng hp ngoai l trong giai oan thc hin cuc goi
+ Nu gatekeeper nhn thy co li, no se thc hin giai phong
cuc goi.
+ Nu gateway nhn thy co li, no se giai phong cuc goi v
pha mang SCN sau o giai phong cuc goi pha mang IP.
+ Nu u cui H.323 nhn thy co li no se kch hoat vic kt
thuc cuc goi.
Giai phong cuc goi
Cuc goi co th c giai phong bi mt trong cac: u cui
H.323, gateway (khi u cui trong mang SCN kch hoat giai phong
cuc goi) hoc gatekeeper. Nguyn nhn giai phong cuc goi co th la
do kt thuc cuc goi mt cach bnh thng hoc phat hin co li trong
khi thc hin cuc goi. Cac thu tuc giai phong cuc goi tun theo
khuyn ngh H323 nh a trnh bay phn 2.2.2.6.
Hin tng xung t ban tin c khc phuc bi mt trong cac:
u cui H.323, gatekeeper, gateway.
Chu y: Hin tng xung t ban tin xay ra khi ca u cui ln
gateway giai phong cuc goi vao cung mt thi im.
Mt s vn khac
69
+ Phi hp hoat ng vi bao hiu DTMF

Trc khi knh thng tin media c thit lp ca hai chiu, cac
thng tin quay s c gi i trong thanh phn thng tin
CalledPartyNumber hoc KeypadFacility trong ban tin bao hiu
H225.0. Nu gatekeeper nhn c thanh phn thng tin
KeypadFacility cha cac s cn chuyn tip th no se gi cac s nay
trong thanh phn thng tin CalledPartyNumber trong goi tin bao
hiu truyn i.
Trong trng hp cuc goi gia hai u cui SCN qua mang IP,
nu mang IP co kha nng truyn tn hiu DTMF trong bng (goi
trong goi tin media) th khng cn phai co s chuyn i sang cac
ban tin ngoai bng H245 userInputIndication. Ngc lai, sau khi
knh thng tin media c thit lp ca hai hng, cac tn hiu DTMF
se c truyn i trong mang IP nh ban tin iu khin H245
userInputIndication.
Cac thng tin nhn c t u cui H.323 trong ban tin
userInputIndication se c tach ra va chen vao knh thng tin bng
cach s dung cac tn hiu DTMF. No c gateway kt ni vi mang
SCN thc hin.
Cac tn hiu DTMF nhn c t mang SCN se c gateway
tach ra t lung thng tin va ma hoa trong ban tin
Cac u cui H323 khng co kha nng phat ban tin
userInputIndication co th gi cac thng tin quay s trong thanh
phn thng tin KeypadFacility cua ban tin bao hiu H225.0
INFORMATION. Khi gatekeeper nhn c thanh phn thng tin
nay nu cn chuyn tip th no se chuyn tip trong ban tin
Chu y: UserInputIndication co th c truyn theo phng
thc ma hoa ban tin H245 trong ban tin bao hiu FACILITY.
Nhn dang pha chu goi
Thng tin nhn dang pha chu goi CLI co th c pha chu goi
cung cp va co th c truyn ti pha b goi. Khi mt khach hang
70
mun cho bit s chu goi no se cung cp thng tin nay trong cac phn
t cua ban tin bao hiu c trnh bay trong khuyn ngh H.225.0
cua ITU-T .
Cac khach hang co th cung cp s cua ho bng cach s dung
phn t thng tin s pha chu goi la phn t la chon trong ban tin
SETUP.
Chu y: Cac thu tuc va giao thc iu khin thng tin nhn
dang pha chu goi nay c quy nh trong tng vung va tng quc
gia.
Theo khuyn ngh H.225.0 cac s khng c ch ro tng ng
vi thng tin trong Octet 3a ((Presentation Indicator va Screening
Indicator) nh c trnh bay bang t 4 n 11 trong khuyn ngh
Q.931 cua ITU-T. Do ly do khng co thng tin trong Octet 3a nn
thng tin v s pha chu goi se c x ly tng ng vi Octet 3a co
gia tr sau:
"Presentation allowed";
"user-provided not screened".
Va kt qua cua vic o la gateway se khng chen thng tin s
pha chu goi IE vao ban tin SETUP khi truyn no v pha mang IP
nu nh thng tin s pha chu goi nhn c t mang SCN co ch th
han ch.
71
CHNG 3: XY DNG GATEWAY GIA MANG PSTN

VA MANG IP
1. Khai quat chung

Nhn thy kha nng phat trin cua dch vu in thoai IP trong
tng lai, Vin khoa hoac va ky thut bu in a tin hanh ch
tao th nghim gateway kt ni gia mang PSTN va mang IP, bc
u a thanh cng vi gateway dung lng 4 knh thoai tng t.
D an phat trin gateway gia mang PSTN va mang IP vi giao din
mang thoai la lung E1 la bc phat trin tip theo cho thanh cng
ban u o.
1.1 Muc tiu
Muc tiu cua d an la xy dng mt Gateway ni gia mang IP
va mang PSTN. Giao tip vi mang PSTN la lung E1. Cac yu cu
c t ra:
+ Cung cp kha nng x ly ting noi cht lng cao
+ Cac thu tuc giao tip vi goi tin thoai theo chun quc t
H.323 bao gm:
+ Cac thu tuc thit lp tn hiu thoai H225.
+ Cac thu tuc iu khin H.245.
+ Cac thu tuc truyn goi tin thoai va iu khin goi tin thoai
RTP, RTCP.
+ Cac dch vu phu tr nh chuyn hng cuc goi, chuyn tip
cuc goi theo chun H.450.
+ Cac c ch nng cao cht lng ting noi: Jitter buffer, chen
goi tin, kh ting vong (G.165), vvv...
72
+ H tr cac phng phap ma hoa ting noi tc thp: G.729

(8kbps), G.723.1 va G.723.1A (5.3 va 6.3 kbps), G.728 (16kbps), GSM.
+ H tr kha nng thao tac vi tn hiu thoai 64Kbps (G.711
PCM)
+ H tr ca hai phng thc quay s one-step va two-step, bao
gm vic quay s t mang IP ti PSTN va quay s t PSTN ti IP
(chun E.164)
+ Cho phep thc hin am thoai theo kiu PC-PC, PC-Phone,
Phone-Phone
+ H tr nhng chc nng nh mt gatekeeper khi trong mang
cha co gatekeeper bao gm:
+ Chuyn i a ch.
+ iu khin truy nhp.
+ Quan ly giai thng.
+ H tr kha nng truyn fax over IP theo chun T.38
+ Co th giao tip vi mang IP thng qua cac giao din
10BaseT, 100BaseT.
+ H tr, quan ly vic truyn thng tin thoai trn ng E1.
+ Tun theo cac tiu chun thoai quc t nh ETSI-ETS, ITU.
+ Cung cp cac tiu chun cht lng dch vu QoS v cac lnh
vc:
Cht lng cuc goi : bao gm tr u cui va cht lng
ting noi u cui.
Cht lng thit lp cuc goi : bao gm tr truyn dn qua
mang IP, tr x ly tai im truy nhp, tr x ly do cac chc
nng ggg, tr thit lp cuc goi qua mang chuyn mach knh...
Cung cp h thng hin th thng tin, iu khin cuc goi vi
giao din thn thin cho ngi s dung.
73
1.2 Mi trng phat trin

Card Dialogic:
Chi tit v card phn cng nay c trnh bay mt cach ro rang
trong phn sau.
Dialogics SDK:
B th vin phat trin phn mm cua Dialogic c cung cp
cung vi card phn cng giup cho ngi phat trin co th khai thac
c cac tnh nng cua card mt cach tng i d dang.
Ngn ng lp trnh:
c chon trn c s s mm deo cua cng cu, kha nng h tr
va thoi quen lp trnh. Ngn ng lp trnh phat trin chng
trnh c la chon trong cac ban C cua cac hang am bao tc .
Vi cac ngn ng lp trnh khac nh Visual Basic hoc Delphi th
vic tao giao din va vic thao tac d liu la n gian hn nhng thc
thi chng trnh la han ch. Trong cac phin ban C o th phin ban
c h tr nhiu nht la Microsoft C++, v vy y ta chon
Microsoft C++ lam cng cu lp trnh. y la mt ngn ng c s
dung rng rai trong cng nghip.
H iu hanh:
Phn mm c thit k, xy dng va thc hin trn h iu
hanh Window NT 4.0.
74
1.3 Cu hnh th nghim
Internet/Intrane
VIPGat
VIPGat
E1
E1
Tng i
Tng i
Hnh 3.1: Cu hnh th nghim phone to phone
2. Xac nh giai phap phn cng.

2.1 Xem xet mt s giai phap phn cng.
Mt s giai phap phn cng cua cac hang:
- Gateway trn PC Server dung card thoai theo chun cng
nghip.
- Gateway trn PC Server dung card DSP c chung cho thoai
Internet
- Gateway xy dng da trn card a dung NIC vi kha nng
ghep ni vi mang in thoai.
- Gateway gn vi mt phn t cua mang ni b (v du nh
Route, Hub hoc PABX).
Cac ch li va nhc im cua mi kin truc se c xem xet.
75
Gateway trn PC Server dung card thoai theo chun cng

nghip
Card c thit k cho vic ghi va phat thng bao ti ngi goi
va thng c dung trong h thng tra li t ng hoc th thoai.
Bn canh mt ch li la kha nng nhanh chong a san phm
ra th trng, mt s han ch cua h thng kiu nay la:
Card khng c thit k cho ng dung thi gian thc nh in
thoai IP. Phn mm in thoai IP phai x ly m thanh trong nhiu
goi ri rac thay v mt dong lin tuc. iu nay la nguyn nhn cua
tr trong khi noi chuyn.
Card khng c thit k nen va dan m thanh. Vic nay se
phai thc hin bi CPU cua may chu. iu nay cung gy ra tr va
han ch kha nng m rng cua Gateway cho nhiu cuc goi trong mt
luc.
Vic cai t va thit lp cu hnh cho cac card loai nay khng
n gian
a s h thng s dung giao thc ring cua ban hang
chuyn cuc goi, nha cung cp dch vu se b rang buc vao giai phap
cua nha cung cp thit b.
Cac h thng nay thng rt t tin (khoang 1000 n 2000
USD / port).
Cac h thng nay se kho co ch ng trong tng lai do cac
thit b c s dung khng c thit k cho loai ng dung nay. Cac
nha cung cp thit b cn chuyn sang s dung phn cng thit k
c bit cho in thoai IP.
Gateway trn PC Server dung card DSP c chung
Ngay khi khai nim gateway thoai Internet c chng minh,
cac nha cung cp thit b a tm cach khc phuc cac nhc im cua
cac loai card cu bng loai card thit k c bit cho in thoai IP.
Loai card mi giai phong CPU cua may chu khoi cac cng vic x ly
mc thp nh ly mu, nen va truyn m thanh, va do o cai thin
76
c thi gian tr, cht lng m thanh va cho phep mt Server x

ly nhiu cuc goi ng thi hn.
Cac h thng dang nay thng cho cht lng cao hn: cht
lng m thanh tt hn, tr t hn, d m rng hn, tin cy cao
hn. Chi ph cho h thng cung thp hn (khoang 500 n 1000
USD/port).
Gateway xy dng da trn card a dung NIC vi kha nng
ghep ni vi mang in thoai
Loai gateway nay thch hp thc hin dch vu thoai Internet
cho cac nhom ca nhn nho vi gia thanh re hn rt nhiu so vi cac
loai trn. Cac card nay la loai chuyn dung c thit k cho in
thoai Internet.
Mt trong nhng san phm loai nay la Internet PhoneJACK
cua hang Quicknet Technologies. y la card ting noi c thit k
cho in thoai IP, i kem vi no la mt trong cac phn mm
Microsoft NetMeeting, VocalTec Internet Phone, IDT Net2Phone.
Gia cua san phm nay la 200 USD.
Gateway gn vi mt phn t cua mang ni b (v du nh
Route, Hub hoc PABX)
y la mt loai gateway c thit k phuc vu cho cac mang
ni b.
Hang Cisco la mt nha san xut hang u a b xung thm
chc nng cua gateway H.323 vao cac Route u cui tc cao cua
ho. Giai phap nay cho phep thc hin ca hai chc nng cua mang
may tnh va cua dch vu thoai Internet trong cung mt thit b.
Mt s nha san xut khac v du nh Shoreline Teleworks va
Touchwave Communications a a ra cac gateway gn lin vi
Ethernet Hub. Mi thit b kt ni vi ng dy in thoai bng dy
chun RJ14 va kt ni vi mang Ethernet bng dy chun RJ45. V
thc cht, mi Hub ong vai tro nh mt tng ai PBX.
Bang sau tom tt va so sanh cac giai phap thit k Gateway
cua mt s hang hang u th gii.
77
PC Server
(Chun)
PC Server
(Ti u hoa)
Thit b c lp
NIC a dung
Thay i
Tt
Tt
Thay i
Ti( >100ms)
Tt
Tt
Thay i
Co
Co
Co
Co
Gia thanh
mt cng
1000-2000
USD
500-4000
USD
500-1000 USD
200-500 USD
Kha nng
m rng
Ti
Tt
Khng han ch
Khng han ch
ung dung
Dch vu
Gateway cho
ngi s dung
Iphone
Ma n g WAN
cng ty, goi
trong cng ty
in thoai qua
WAN, thay th
cho PBX
H thng tin ni
b qua WAN
Dialogic/
VocalTec
Micom
Natural
Microsystems/
Inter-Tel
Dialogic/
VocalTec
Cisco
Shoreline
Teleworks
Touchwave
Communications
Phonet
Shrere
Communications
Quicknet
Technologies
c tnh
Cht
lng m
thanh
tr
Chuyn
i t
POTS
sang IP
Nha san
xut s
dung kin
truc nay
Hnh 3.2 So sanh cac giai phap cua cac hang
Qua vic so sanh cac giai phap trn ta thy giai phap s dung
Card DSP la thch hp nht, bi v Gateway phai am bao x l ng
thi nhiu cuc goi, ng thi am bao cht lng cuc goi. S dung
card DSP se lam giam tai trn may chu. Cac chc nng x l tn hiu,
nen thoai se c cac b x l tn hiu trn card am nhim, v vy se
giam thi gian tr, cai thin cht lng m thanh.
2.2 Cu truc phn cng
Cu hnh phn cng cua Gateway PSTN - IP co cac phn sau:
Card giao din PSTN tng thch vi SC bus, o la card D/300
cung cp giao din vi mang thoai 1 lung E1.
Card Dm3 IPLink giao tip vi mang IP la DM/IP0812_NIC vi
kha nng cung cp ti a 8 knh thoai.
78
SC bus ni gia card Dm3 IPLink va card giao din PSTN.
Hnh 3.3: Cu trc phn cng ca gateway
2.3 Gii thiu kin truc Dm3 cua Card Dm3/IP Link
Trc khi kin truc Dm3 ra i, cac san phm in thoai may
tnh ch co cac chc nng c nh mc phn cng. Cac chc nng
nay phu thuc vao cac b DSP va cac b
M hnh pht trin

tr-c Dm3, chc
nng c nh mc
phn cng
M hnh pht trin Dm3, nhiu sn phm

-c xy dng trn cng mt nn phn cng
Hnh 3.4: M hnh pht trin Dm3
79
x l khac, v vy kha nng phat trin rt han ch. M hnh nay

lam cho cac nha phat trin rt kho tch hp cac tai nguyn cua cac
hang khac nhau vao ng dung cua ho. Mi khi cn b sung cac tnh
nng mi cho h thng oi hoi phai thay i kin truc phn cng.
Kin truc Dm3 ra i a ra mt hng phat trin mi cho cac
san phm in thoai may tnh. No bao gm ca phn cng va phn
mm (firmware). Kin truc phn cng la c nh, co tch hp cao,
bao gm nhiu b x l. Trn nn phn cng c nh o, cac tai
nguyn firmware c xy dng cung cp cho nha phat trin cac dch
vu khac nhau nh: thoai, fax.... Vi m hnh phat trin nay, nha phat
trin co th phat trin h thng theo hai hng: mt la phat trin cac
tai nguyn firmware, hai la da trn cac tai nguyn xy dng cac
chng trnh ng dung.
c im cua kin truc Dm3
Co kha nng trin khai nhiu tai nguyn trn cung mt nn
phn cng. Cac tai nguyn nh iu khin cuc goi, thoai (ghi lai,
tach tone), fax, ASR (automatic speech recognition) hoat ng ng
thi trn nn Dm3, c s dung trn nhiu h iu hanh khac nhau
nh WinNT, Unix.
La mt mi trng phat trin mang tnh m: kin truc Dm3 cho
phep cac nha phat trin co th nhanh chong tch hp vao ng dung
cua mnh nhiu tai nguyn khac nhau do cac hang th 3 cung cp.
H tr tng thch vi nhiu chun phn cng nh PCI,
Compact PCI, VME.
Kin truc phn cng
Phn cng cua Dm3 c xy dng co th tng thch vi 3
chun: CompactPCI, PCI va VME. No bao gm mt bo mach chu va
cac bo mach con cm trn no. Cac bo mach con co cac nhim vu khac
nhau nh x l tn hiu, giao tip vi trung k, giao tip vi mang
Ethernet hay RS-232.
80
Bo mach chu: bao gm cac phn sau

+ Mediastream Management ASIC (MMA): Mach tch hp ng
dung quan l lung media (ASIC: Application Specific Integrated
Circuit) la thanh phn quan trong nht trong kin truc phn cng
Dm3. MMA s dung DMA bus 32 bit trao i d liu gia b nh
toan cuc cua Dm3 vi host shared RAM, CP, cac SP, b iu khin
SC hoc CT bus bng cach oc, iu khin va khi tao ngt. MMA co
hai chc nng chnh:
+ Trao i d liu gia b nh toan cuc vi cac b nh cua cac
bo mach con.
+ Trao i d liu gia b m PCM va b nh thit b.
Control Processor (CP): co nhim vu quan l vic truy nhp CT
(hoc SC) bus qua MMA va b iu khin bus CT812. Trong cac kin
truc phn cng khac, CP thng phai chu trach nhim vn chuyn
d liu, kin truc Dm3 s dung MMA lam nhim vu nay ch
khng phai la CP.
Host
Bus
Host shared
B nh
CP
Control
Processor
MM
B nh SP
B nh SP
Mediastream
Management
DNI
(x2)
Dual
HDLC
SC4000
SC4000
CT812ASIC
Thay cho hai SC4000
Hnh 3.5: Kin trc phn cng Dm3
B nh
ton cc
m PCM
Dual
HDLC
DNI
(x2)
81
B nh cua CP: Ch dung ring cho CP, co kch thc 8 MB

DRAM.
B nh toan cuc: Co kch thc 4, 8 hoc 16 MB vi rng bus
la 32 bit DRAM cho phep ca CP, cac SP va host co th truy nhp n.
B nh SP: c s dung cho cac b x l nm trn bo mach con
SP. MMA h tr ti a 18 b nh nay, v vy ch co th co ti a 18 b
x l tn hiu trn tt ca cac bo mach con SP.
B m PCM: la ni d liu PCM c lu tr tam thi trong
khoang thi gian 4ms. D liu PCM ni tip c lu tr di dang
cac byte trong b m 32 byte cho mi knh.
Host shared RAM: co kch thc 512KB c s dung tranh
tc nghen host bus. No c ni vi CP, host bus, MMA bus.
DNI (Digital Network Interface): cung cp giao din vi mang
s, co th la trung k E1, T1 hoc ISDN. Khi co thm bo mach con
DNI, Dm3 co th cung cp thm hai giao din vi mang s na.
B iu khin HDLC: Bo mach chu cha 3 b iu khin
HDLC, trong o danh cho hai giao din T1/E1 hai b, con mt b
danh h tr bus thng ip SC trong tng lai. Trong cac bo mach
con DNI cung co cac b HDLC cho mi lung trung k.
B iu khin bus: Chc nng chnh cua b iu khin bus la
trao i d liu s gia cac khe thi gian trn bus ni b va cac khe
thi gian trn bus m rng.
Bo mach con SP
Mi bo mach con SP co th cha n 6 b x l tn hiu s DSP
Motorola( 5630x. Trong tng lai, no se c h tr thm cac b x l
tn hiu khac, cac bo mach con vi cac b x l khac nhau co th phi
hp hoat ng mc mm deo cao.
Bo mach con DNI
Cung cp thm hai giao din vi mang s 9lung E1, T1 hoc
ISDN). Ngoai ra trn boa mach nay cung co cac b iu khin HDLC
cho cac lung trung k nay.
82
Bo mach con cung cp giao din mang Ethernet(NIC)

Bo mach nay cha mt b x l Motorolar 603e PowerPC thc
hin x l giao thc s dung b iu khin HDLC c cu hnh trn
bo mach chu. Hin tai giao thc IP ang c h tr, trong tng lai
trn bo mach con nay cung se co b HDLC cua ring no cho phep h
tr cac giao thc khac (chng han SS7).
Kin truc phn mm
Kin truc phn mm cua Dm3 c m ta trn hnh 3.6
Resource and Technology

Component Firmware
Kernel
Native
Hnh 3.6: Cu trc phn tng phn mm
Tai nguyn Dm3va cac thanh phn cng ngh

+ Tai nguyn Dm3: La mt thc th khai nim c thc hin
trong firmware chay trn phn cng Dm3. Mt tai nguyn se cung
cp cho trnh ng dung cac dch vu phuc vu cho vic xy dng mt
san phm nao o (voice, fax...).
+ Component: Mt tai nguyn Dm3 c thc hin bi mt s
cac thc th goi la component, chung chay trn mt b x l iu
khin (CP) hoc b x l tn hiu (SP) tuy thuc theo chc nng cua
no. Mt s component co chc nng thc hin cac vn quan l, cu
hnh trong khi mt s khac thc hin chc nng x l cac lung s
liu.
truy nhp n cac tai nguyn, trnh ng dung trao i cac
ban tin (message) hoc cac s liu lung (data stream) vi cac
component cua tai nguyn o. Trong thi gian chay, cac component
trong mt tai nguyn trao i vi nhau, trao i vi cac component
cua cac tai nguyn cac (thng qua cac ban tin).
83
+ Th hin cua Component: La mt n v c a ch hoa th

hin mt lung iu khin cac thao tac lin quan n mt
component. Mt component thng co nhiu th hin cua no
(component instance), v th, mt component trn mt b x l co th
dung x l nhiu lung hoc nhiu knh. Cac th hin la cac n
v co a ch, v vy cac ban tin c gi n tng component
instance. Khai nim component va component instance co th coi
nh tng t vi khai nim lp va i tng cua lp trong lp trnh
C++.
Trnh ng
dng
Th- vin ng
dng
Trnh iu
khin thit
b
Pl
Ti
CP component
SP component
III
III
Dch v
Kernel VxWork
cho CP
s
Dch v SPOX
hoc
Kernel
cho SP VxWork s
Giao din
vi SC bus
v mng
bn ngoi
ASICs
Giao thc truyn, nhn cc message, cc lung d liu
Hnh 3.7: Cc resource, component, component instance v

cc dch v ca Dm3 Kernel
Dm3 Kernel
Dm3 Kernel tao thanh mt vo boc bn ngoai RTOS va b x l,
lam mt s khac bit gia cac b x l, cac h iu hanh di cai
nhn cua cac nha phat trin tai nguyn. V du, mt tai nguyn co th
c phn b trn nhiu b x l, s dung CP cho cac chc nng quan
l, s dung SP cho cac chc nng x l tn hiu.
cung cp kha nng c lp vi kin truc phn cng va h
iu hanh thi gian thc bn di, Kernel cung cp mt tp cac dch
vu sau:
84
Quan l cac component x l cuc goi (cac dch vu v thi gian,

quan l tai nguyn, quan l cu hnh va b nh).
Cung cp cac c ch truyn, nhn cac message, cac lnh va gia
cac tai nguyn, gia cac tai nguyn va ng dung
Giao tip gia cac tai nguyn va mang bn ngoai (IP, PSTN...),
giao tip gia cac tai nguyn vi nhau thng qua SC bus.
Dm3 Direct Interface
Dm3 Direct Interface la giao din mc thp nht cho phep
ng dung truy nhp n firmware. Giao din nay cho phep ng dung
co th tn dung y u cac c tnh cua cac tai nguyn Dm3. No lam
nhim vu ngn cach ng dung vi trnh iu khin thit b, cung cp
mt tp cac ham API cho phep ng dung co th quan l cac cluster va
cac khe thi gian, ng k cac message, quan tr cu hnh...
Tai nguyn NetTSP cua Dm3
Khai nim tai nguyn NetTSP
Tai nguyn NetTSP la mt tai nguyn Dm3 cung cp kha nng
iu khin mt cuc goi IP hoan chnh bn trong nn Dm3. Tai
nguyn NetTSP cho phep trnh ng dung co th lam cac vic nh :
+ Thit lp mt cuc goi ra mang IP.
+ Tra li mt cuc goi n t mang IP.
+ Quan l cac cuc goi a c thit lp.
+ Thng k cac cuc goi.
+ Ni kt mang IP n SC bus.
Trnh ng dung mun iu khin cuc goi IP phai thng qua tai
nguyn NetTSP nh trao i cac message.
Cac thanh phn cua tai nguyn NetTSP
Trong kin truc Dm3, cac tai nguyn c thc hin nh mt s
cac thc th trong firmware c goi la cac component. Tai nguyn
NetTSP c thc hin nh cac thanh phn sau:
85
Thanh phn c s NetTSC (NetTSC component) hoat ng nh

cu ni gia trnh ng dung vi cac thanh phn con khac (subcomponent) trong tai nguyn NetTSP. No quan l tt ca cac dch vu
cua NetTSP.
Thanh phn H323 cung cp cac dch vu cho phep truyn thoai
trn mang chuyn mach goi tun theo tiu chun H323.
Thanh phn VSR (Voice Stream Resource) Thc hin vic
chuyn i gia dong PCM cua PSTN va dong thng tin s c ma
hoa cua Internet. VSR bao gm mt s c tnh sau:
Host Application
Device
Firmware
NetTSC
Com ponent
H323
Component
SC Bus
Manageme n
VSR
Component
SC bus
S
Hnh 3.8: Kin trc NetTSP
Ma hoa thoai (Voice Coder).

Ma hoa Fax (Fax Coder).
Phat Tone (Tone Generator).
Tach bao hiu ( Signal Detector).
NetTSP
Cluster
86
Kh ting vong (Echo Cancel).

Module hi phuc goi tin b mt ( Packet Loss Recovery Module).
Trnh ng dung truy nhp cac dch vu cua tai nguyn NetTSP
thng qua cac th hin cua thanh phn c s NetTSC. Tr thanh
phn NetTSC, trong tai nguyn NetTSP cac thanh phn con lai la
trong sut i vi trnh ng dung.
Nhom cac th hin cua NetTSC component, VSR component,
SCBus component s dung chung mt s khe thi gian cua SC Bus
c goi la NetTSP cluster. Mt NetTSP cluster co th coi gn ung
la mt knh thoai bn IP. Mi NetTSC component instance trong
mt NetTSP cluster cung cp kha nng iu khin hoan chnh cho
mt cuc goi trn knh logic cua no.
2.3 Cu truc chng trnh.
iu khin
kt ni
PSTN
Khi giao
tip PSTN
Khi giao
tip IP
CODEC
Mng
IP
Giao din vi ng-i s dng

Nhn tham s
Khi ng
Tn hiu thoi
Tn hiu iu khin
Nhim v ca n
Hnh 3.9: Cu trc ch-ng trnh
Khi giao tip PSTN:

Khi nay co chc nng thu nhn cac thng tin bao hiu t
mang PSTN (bao hiu R2) ri thng bao vi khi iu khin kt ni
87
(thng qua cac s kin) va phat cac thng tin bao hiu khi co lnh
cua khi nay.
Ngoai ra, khi nay phai co chc nng ong m cac knh PCM
(i vi lung E1) hoc knh tng t nhn tn hiu thoai t
PSTN chuyn vao khi CODEC hoc truyn tn hiu thoai t khi
CODEC ra mang PSTN.
Khi giao tip IP (H323):
Khi nay co chc nng nhn cac ban tin iu khin va bao hiu
H323 sau o phn tch thng bao vi khi iu khin kt ni. Khi
nhn c ch th cua khi iu khin kt ni, khi nay phai thc
hin ma hoa cac ch th nay thanh cac goi tin H323 thch hp
truyn sang mang IP.
Khi nay con co chc nng tach cac goi tin thoai ra a vao
khi CODEC giai nen, hoc nhn cac goi tin thoai a c nen
em ma hoa vao goi tin RTP truyn sang mang IP.
Khi CODEC:
Khi nay co chc nng nen cac lung PCM 64 Kbps xung tc
thp hn theo cac chun nen khac nhau va ngc lai, no giai nen
cac goi tin thoai tc thp thanh lung PCM.
Khi iu khin kt ni:
Khi nhn c cac thng bao t cac khi giao tip vi mang IP
va mang PSTN, khi nay phai thc hin vic x l cac thng bao o,
a ra cac lnh thch hp iu khin cac khi khac. Chng han,
khi co mt cuc goi t PSTN, khi giao tip PSTN se thng bao cho
khi iu khin mt s kin. Khi iu khin yu cu khi giao tip
PSTN ly a ch ch, sau o no se yu cu khi giao tip mang IP
thc hin cuc goi n c ch ch.
Ngoai ra, khi nay con co chc nng iu khin lung PCM ra/
vao khi CODEC. Khi cac thu tuc thit lp cuc goi thanh cng, khi
nay thc hin m lung thng tin PCM vao/ra khi CODEC. Khi co
yu cu giai phong cuc goi, khi nay phai iu khin ong cac lung
thng tin.
88
Khi giao din vi ngi s dung:

Khi nay co ch nng giao tip vi ngi s dung:
Cho phep ngi dung thit lp cac tham s cho h thng, khi
ng h thng, kt thuc hoat ng cua h thng.
Cho phep ngi dung co th quan sat trang thai cac knh.
Cho phep ngi dung thay i cac tham s cua cac knh nh
chun ma hoa, cac tham s QoS.
89
CHNG 4: XY DNG PHN MM X L CUC GOI

CHO GATEWAY
Trong chng trc, chung ta a phn tch cu truc phn cng

va phn chia cac module phn mm cua gateway VIPGate. Ni dung
cua chng tip theo nay la ng dung c s l thuyt v bao hiu va
x l cuc goi VoIP a nghin cu chng 2 xy dng phn mm
x l cuc goi cho gateway. Chc nng x l cuc goi bao gm 3 khi
Giao tip PSTN, Giao tip IP va iu khin kt ni (xem muc
3.3.3). Trong khun kh an nay ch tp trung vao hai khi iu
khin kt ni va khi Giao tip IP.
1. La chon m hnh lp trnh
Xac nh m hnh lp trnh la mt quyt nh rt quan trong
trong qua trnh thit k ng dung. Quyt nh m hnh lp trnh
ung n se lam tng tnh hiu qua cua ng dung, ng thi lam
giam thi gian phat trin no.
Trc tin ta tm hiu mt s khai nim m hnh lp trnh sau:
+ M hnh lp trnh n lung (Single-threaded): Chng trnh
ch dung mt lung duy nht iu khin hoat ng cho mt hay
nhiu thit b.
+ M hnh lp trnh a lung ( Multi-threaded): Chng trnh
dung nhiu lung, mi lung iu khin cho mt hay nhiu thit b.
+ M hnh lp trnh ng b (Synchronous): Trong m hnh lp
trnh nay, lung se b khoa lai mi khi mt ham c goi cho n khi
ham o c thc hin xong.
+ M hnh lp trnh bt ng b (Asychronous): Trong m hnh
lp trnh nay, lung hoc tin trnh sau khi goi ham se tip tuc thc
hin cng vic cua no trong khi ham c thc hin. Mi khi ham
90
thc hin xong, no se thng bao cho ng dung bi mt s kin

(event).
Da trn cac khai nim c s o, Dialogic cung cp cho chung
ta mt s m hnh lp trnh sau:
+ M hnh lp trnh ng b n lung.
+ M hnh lp trnh ng b a lung.
+ M hnh lp trnh bt ng b n lung.
+ M hnh bt ng b a lung.
Cac m hnh lp trnh Dm3 cung cp
M hnh ng b n lung
M hnh lp trnh nay ch mang tnh cht th nghim, kim tra
nhanh chong nhng khai nim, chc nng n gian. M hnh nay ch
cho phep iu khin duy nht cho mt thit b tai mt thi im.
Dung m hnh nay co th bo sot nhng s kin phat ra t thit b
trong khi mt ham ang thc hin. V vy, thc t m hnh nay
khng c ap dung.
M hnh ng b a lung
Trong m hnh nay, mi thit b chu s quan l cua mt cua
mt lung. Khi mt ham trong lung o c thi hanh th h iu
hanh se a lung o vao trang thai ngng tam thi trong khi cac
lung khac vn hoat ng. Khi ham c thc hin xong, h iu
hanh anh thc lung o dy va tip tuc x l cac cng vic tip theo.
M hnh nay co u im la khng phai xy dng cac may trang thai,
d dang khi lp trnh v th cho phep phat trin chng trnh nhanh
chong. y la m hnh n gian nht co th dung c trong thc t
cua mt loat cac san phm Dm3.
M hnh nay tn tai rt nhiu nhc im:
- Mi thit b chu s iu khin cua mt lung, nn khi s thit
b tng ln th vic quan l ng b gia cac lung la rt kho khn va
kem hiu qua. M hnh nay oi hoi mt lng ln tai nguyn cua h
91
iu hanh. V vy, m hnh nay b han ch v s lng thit b co th

quan l.
- Hoat ng ch ng b nn mi lung se b khoa lai khi
goi ham, khng th thc hin cac cng vic khac.
- Khi mt lung ang b khoa lai, no khng co kha nng nhn
cac s kin phat ra mt cach khng th oan trc t thit b.
Vy m hnh nay ch s dung thch hp cho nhng thit b co
cac s kin xay ra khng ng thi va co th xac nh trc c.
M hnh bt ng b a lung
Khi ng dung yu cu iu khin mt s lng ln thit b, m
hnh nay c khuyn ngh ap dung. Trong m hnh nay, ta phai tao
ra nhiu lung, mi lung quan l nhiu thit b va co cac may trang
thai cho tng thit b o. Cac lung khng b khoa lai khi thc hin
ham. Cac ham c goi se tra lai gia tr ngay lp tc cho phep lung
tip tuc x l. Khi ham c thc hin xong, no se thng bao mt s
kin may trang thai x l.
Khi s dung m hnh nay yu cu phai s dung c ch ng b
cua Window NT I/O Completion Port, cac s kin cua Dm3 va
Window se c gn vi I/O Completion Port. ly cac s kin nay
ra, ta goi ham GetQueuedCompletionStatus() ly s kin t hang
i cua I/O Completion Port.
u im cua m hnh nay la
- S dung tai nguyn h thng t hn so vi m hnh ng b,
ngng co th quan l s lng rt ln thit b.
- Cung cp kha nng iu khin ti hn cho cac ng dung Dm3.
- Giam s qua tai cua h thng do phai chuyn i qua lai gia
cac lung.
- Cho phep chay mt phn cua ng dung trong mt lung iu
khin nhiu thit b.
Nhc im cua m hnh nay la
92
- Yu cu s sp xp, ng b hoa gia cac lung phc tap.

- Yu cu phai xy dng cac may trang thai.
M hnh bt ng b n lung
Thng quan l hiu qua vi s lng thit b khng qua ln, de
lp trnh hn so vi m hnh bt ng b a lung do tranh c s
phc tap khi phi hp ng b gia nhiu lung.
M hnh nay co nhng u im nh sau:
- phc tap t hn so vi m hnh bt ng b a lung.
- Quan l co hiu qua do vic ch dung mt lung duy nht
quan l tt ca cac thit b.
- n gian hoa vic nhn nhiu s kin ng thi t nhiu thit
b.
- S dung t tai nguyn h thng so vi cac m hnh ng b.
- M hnh nay cung co nhc im la phc tap hn so vi cac
m hnh ng b, oi hoi phai xy dng cho mi thit b mt may
trang thai.
- M hnh khng ng b vi cac c ch lp trnh cua Windows
M hnh khng ng b vi c ch Callback cua Windows
M hnh nay cho phep mt ng dung khng ng b nhn cac
ban tin v s kin thng qua ky thut quan l s kin chun cua
Windows. Cac m hnh khng ng b cho phep xy dng cac ng
dung phc tap c d dang hn, co hiu qua cao hn trong vic
quan l tai nguyn h thng bng cach quan l nhiu thit b trong
cung mt lung duy nht.
M hnh nay cho phep gn cht vi ky thut lp trnh giao din
hoa cua Windows, cung cp lung x l n i vi tt ca cac ban
tin va cac s kin cua Windows va Dialogic.
93
M hnh khng ng b vi c ch ng b cua Windows

NT
M hnh lp trnh nay cho phep mt ng dung khng ng b
nhn s kin thng qua c ch ng b chun cua Win32. Win32
cung cp hai c ch ng b la ResetEvents va I/O Completion Port.
Trong m hnh nay, ng dung thng bao vi th vin chun cua
Dialogic bao mt im i cua ngi s dung khi mt s kin xut
hin trn thit b. Khi nhn c ban tin o no goi cac ham thao tac
s kin chun cua Dialogic x l s kin.
M hnh nay cho phep kt hp cht che vi cac thit b khac s
dung c ch ng b hoa cac s kin cua Win32 nh thit b Dm3 cua
Dialogic hay cac th vin Sokets cua Windows.
M hnh lp trnh ap dung cho bai toan
Vic la chon m hnh lp trnh c Dialogic khuyn ngh
theo bang sau:
c im ng dung
M hnh lp trnh c
chon
Chng trnh phc tap.

Hoat ng gia cac thit b quan h cht che vi nhau
theo tng i mt.
Quan l vic giao tip vi mt s lng ln thit b.
Chng trnh yu cu phai xy dng may trang thai.
Chng trnh i nhiu thit b trn mt lung duy nht
M hnh khng ng b.
Co k hoach phat trin, tch hp thit b Dm3 vi cac thi t

b khac.
M hnh khng ng b a
lung.
Khng co k hoach phat trin, tch hp thit b Dm3 vi

cac thit b khac.
M hnh khng ng b n
lung.
Chng trnh n gian.

Mi lung iu khin mt thit b.
M hnh ng b a lung
Chng trnh tai mt thi im ch giao tip vi mt thit

b duy nht.
M hnh ng b n lung.
Hnh 4.1 La chon cac m hnh lp trnh
c im cua chng trnh x l cuc goi cho gateway VIPGate

la ch phai quan l mt s t knh thoai, cac s kin nhn c t cac
knh thoai c x l phu thuc vao trang thai cuc goi hin tai. Mt
94
khac s dung tai nguyn h thng co hiu qua th m hnh ng

b la khng kha thi. cho vic lp trnh c n gian, nhanh
chong ta ch dung mt lung duy nht quan l tt ca cac knh
thoai.
V vy, i vi ng dung nay ta s dung m hnh lp trnh bt
ng b n lung va s dung c ch ng b chun cua Windows NT
thng qua I/O Completion Port.
2. Th vin AFC cho card Dm3/IP Link
Gii thiu th vin AFC
truy nhp n cac tai nguyn cua Dm3, ngi lp trnh phai
s dung cac ham API c cung cp bi th vin cua Dm3 Direct
Interface trao i cac ban tin vi
Ch-ng trnh ng dng
firmware. Tuy nhin, vic trao i vi
firmware thng qua mc giao din nay
la kha phc tap, yu cu ngi lp trnh
Cc c
AFC
ch
ng
Application
phai nm ro mt cach chi tit kin truc
b
Foudation
cua Dm3 (ca phn cng va phn mm).
Win32
Code
V vy, giup ngi lp trnh co th
nhanh chong tao nn cac ng dung,
AFC a c xy dng vi muc ch tao
Dm3 Direct Interface
nn cac dch vu truy nhp n cac
H
dang tai nguyn Dm3 khac nhau.
Card Dm3 IP
Ngoai vic xy dng cac module

Hnh 4.2: Mi quan h gia AFC
cung cp kha nng truy nhp n tng
vi cc thnh phn khc
dang tai nguyn Dm3, AFC con a ra
mt s chng trnh Demo giup ngi lp trnh nhanh chong s dung
c cac cng cu cua AFC. V vy, Dialogic khuyn ngh cac nha phat
trin ng dung s dung th vin AFC xy dng cac chng trnh
ng dung.
Kin truc AFC
AFC bao gm nhiu module, mt s c s dung xy dng
nn cac module mc cao hn (cac module nay cung cp cac dch vu
95
c lp vi tai nguyn), mt s module cung cp cac dch vu ring cho

tng loai tai nguyn ( Hnh ve).
Cac module cung cp cac dch vu c lp vi tai nguyn:
Cac dch vu c lp vi tai nguyn o la: Dch vu gi, nhn cac
ban tin (Messaging services); Dch vu lung d liu va vao ra tp (
Stream I/O service); Dch vu quan l Cluster.
Trnh
ng
dng
Cc module cung
cp cc dch v
truy nhp n
tng loi ti
nguyn
Cc module
cung cp
cc dch v
c lp vi
ti nguyn
Dm3
Hnh 4.3: Kin trc AFC
Cac
module
cung cp dch vu truy
nhp n tng loai
tai nguyn:
Mi loai tai
nguyn ma Dm3 co
th cung cp se co
tng ng vi no mt
module cua AFC
cung cp cac ham
dung truy nhp
n cac dch vu ma
tai nguyn o cung
cp. Cac module nay
c xy dng pha
trn cac module cung
cp cac dch vu c
lp vi tai nguyn, s
Player
Dm3Stream
Recorder
Dm3File
Fax
Dm3NetTsc
Dm3TSC
Lcon
Dm3Comp
Signal
Buffer
ToneGen
QuadSpan
Dm3Cluster
Dm3NetTsc
Cl
Fax
Hnh 4.4: Cc module ca AFC
96
dung cac dch vu ma cac module pha di cung cp.

S dung tai nguyn NetTSP x l cuc goi IP
iu khin cuc goi pha mang IP (nhn cuc goi vao, thit
lp cuc goi ra), chng trnh ng dung phai s dung tai nguyn
NetTSP. Cac bc cn thc hin nh sau:
Cp phat cho mi cuc goi IP mt NetTSP cluster, s cluster ti
a co th cp phat chnh la s knh thoai nhiu nht co th x l.
Xac nh cho cluster mt th hin cua thanh phn SCBus
(SCBus component instance) cung cp cac dch vu trao i thng
tin vi SC Bus.
Xac nh cho cluster mt th hin cua thanh phn NetTSC
cung cp cac dch vu iu khin cuc goi.
Sau khi xac nh c th hin cua thanh phn NetTSC,
chng trnh ng dung se s dung cac message trao i vi no
iu khin cuc goi.
thc hin c chc nng trn, th vin AFC cung cp hai
module NetTscCluster va Dm3NetTsc.
NetTscCluster cung cp cac ham cp phat cluster, xac nh
cac thanh phn cua cluster, cp phat cac khe thi gian, trao i d
liu qua SCBus. Module NetTsc Cluster bao gm mt cu truc
NetTscClusster m ta y u cac thng tin v mt knh thoai IP va
cac ham thao tac trn cu truc o. Thng qua cac ham nay, chng
trnh ng dung co th truy nhp n cac dch vu cluster cua
firmware.
Dm3NetTsc cung cp cac ham trao i vi NetTSC
component instance thc hin cac thu tuc iu khin cuc goi.
Nh a noi trn, chng trnh ng dung khi iu khin cuc goi ch
thao tac trc tip vi thanh phn NetTSC, vic nay c thc hin
thng qua module giao din thanh phn Dm3NetTsc. No bao gm
mt cu truc Dm3NetTsc m ta y u thng tin v cuc goi IP va
mt tp cac ham thao tac trn cu truc o.
97
3. Xy dng may trang thai

Chng trnh x l cuc goi c xy dng da trn nn tang la
cac trang thai cuc goi. Mt cuc goi la s lin lac a phng tin
gia hai im cui. Cuc goi c bt u vi thu tuc thit lp cuc
goi va kt thuc vi thu tuc giai phong cuc goi. Trang thai cuc goi la
mt giai oan c nh ngha ro rang trong sut thi gian xay ra
cuc goi.
Mi cuc goi co xu hng duy tr trang thai hin tai va ch
chuyn sang trang thai mi khi nhn c nhng ban tin mong
mun.
Mi trang thai cua cuc goi se co tng ng mt ham state
machine. Ham nay se c goi x l s kin nhn c. Khi knh
chuyn sang trang thai mi, ham state machine cua no cung thay
i.
Cuc goi t mang PSTN vao
GATE_INIT: y la trang thai ma ng dung cha khi tao cac
component va cac th hin cua component cua cac tai nguyn.
WAIT_FOR_CALL: y la trang thai ma ng dung a khi tao
xong cac component va cac th hin cua component, ng k cac
message vi firmware. Luc nay knh trang thai sn sang nhn cuc
goi. Khi co cuc goi n t pha PSTN, ng dung nhn c s kin
DTI_OFF_HOOK, no se kim tra trang thai hin tai cua knh:
Nu knh bn th no se t chi cuc goi bng cach gi Tone bao
bn cho mang PSTN.
Nu knh ri, no m knh thng tin n mang PSTN, thc hin
kt ni knh thng tin thoai gia PSTN va NetTSCCluster va gi
message TSC_MsgMakeCall n NetTSC component thit lp
cuc
goi
sang
pha
IP.
Trang
thai
tip
theo
la
WAIT_FOR_CONNECT.
98
GATE_INIT
NetTSC: TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Null
PSTN gc my
NetTSC:
WAIT_DONE
WAIT_FOR_CALL
PSTN:
PSTN: DIGITAL_ON_HOOK
NetTSC:
WAIT_FOR_CONNECT
PSTN gc my
PSTN_RELEASE
NetTSC:
hoc NetTSC:
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Failed
hoc NetTSC:
WAIT FOR IDL
NetTSC:
WAIT_FOR_RELEAS
NetTSC:
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Idled
Hnh 4.4: Cuc gi n t pha PSTN
WAIT_FOR_CONNECT: Luc nay, knh ang ch pha IP tra

li.
Nu ng dung nhn c message
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Failed cho bit vic kt ni cuc goi pha IP
tht bai (co th do khng ung a ch, hoc do chun ma hoa khng
phu hp). No thc hin vic giai phong cuc goi bng cach gi i
message TSC_MsgDropCall va knh chuyn sang trang thai
WAIT_FOR_IDLE.
Nu nhn c message TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Connected
cho bit yu cu kt ni a c chp nhn, knh chuyn sang trang
thai kt ni WAIT_FOR_DISCONNECT.
WAIT_FOR_DISCONNECT: y la trang thai ma cuc goi a
c kt ni thanh cng, hai bn ang trao i cac thng tin thoai vi
nhau. Luc nay, nu mt trong hai bn thc hin thu tuc kt thuc
99
cuc goi, ng dung nhn c s kin DTI_ON_HOOK t pha PSTN

hoc message t NetTSC, no se thc hin vic ct kt ni thoai gia
hai bn, thit lp trang thai knh PSTN ln on hook (giai phng kt
ni PSTN) va gi n NetTSC message TSC_MsgDropCall huy bo
kt ni pha IP. Trang thai tip theo cua knh la WAIT_FOR_IDE.
WAIT_FOR_IDLE: Firmware ang thc hin vic giai phong
kt ni vi bn IP. Khi a thc hin xong vic huy bo kt ni,
NetTSC
se
bao
cho
ng
dung
bng
message
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Idled. Luc nay mc du kt ni vi pha IP
a c giai phong nhng cac tai nguyn trong firmware vn cha
c giai phong, cac thng tin v cuc goi vn co th c s dung.
thng k cuc goi ban tin TSC_MsgGetCallInfo c gi i n
NetTSC. NetTSC tra li bng ban tin TSC_MsgGetCallInfoCmplt co
cha cac thng tin thng k cuc goi nh: thi gian, s goi tin truyn
i, nhn c, s goi tin b mt...
Sau khi a ly thng tin thng k cuc goi, ng dung gi n
NetTSC message TSC_MsgReleaseCall yu cu firmware giai phong
tai nguyn, trang thai tip theo la WAIT_FOR_RELEASE.
WAIT_FOR_RELEASE: y la trang thai ma ng dung ang
ch cho firmware giai phong tai nguyn lin quan n cuc goi. Khi
firmware giai phong xong tai nguyn, no thng bao cho ng dung
bit bng message TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Null. Luc nay co hai kha
nng xay ra:
Nu cuc goi kt thuc la do pha PSTN yu cu, do o pha
PSTN luc nay a hoan toan c giai phong, v vy ng dung thc
hin thit lp lai cac gia tr ban u cho cu truc Dm3NetTSC va
chuyn sang trang thai WAIT_FOR_CALL sng sang nhn cuc goi
tip theo.
Nu cuc goi la do pha IP yu cu kt thuc, luc nay knh phai
ch cho pha PSTN giai phong, trang thai tip theo cua knh la
PSTN_RELEASE.
PSTN_RELEASE: Nu knh nhn c tn hiu gac may t
pha PSTN, no chuyn sang trang thai WAIT_FOR_CALL ch cuc
goi tip theo. Tuy nhin trong trang thai nay, knh cung co th nhn
100
c yu cu thit lp cuc goi t bn IP. Luc o no phai chuyn t

chi cuc goi va chuyn sang trang thai WAIT_DONE ch cho
firmware giai phong tai nguyn cuc goi va mi b t chi.
WAIT_DONE: Khi tai nguyn cuc goi a c giai phong,
knh se nhn c ban tin TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Null. Luc o no
phai kim tra liu pha PSTN a gac may hay cha (s dung mt
bin waitOnHook kiu BOOL cho mi knh km tra), nu ri th
trang thai tip theo la WAIT_FOR_CALL, ngc lai tr v trang thai
PSTN_RELEASE.
Cuc goi t mang IP vao
GATE_INIT: y la trang thai ma ng dung cha khi tao cac
component va cac th hin cua component cua cac tai nguyn.
WAIT_FOR_CALL: y la trang thai ma ng dung a khi tao
xong cac component va cac th hin cua component, ng k cac
message vi firmware. Luc nay knh trang thai sn sang nhn cuc
goi. Khi co cuc goi n t pha IP, ng dung nhn c message
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Offer, no se kim tra trang thai hin tai
cua knh:
Nu knh bn th no se t chi cuc goi bng cach gi message
TSC_MsgRejectCall n NetTSC component. Trang thai tip theo
cua knh la WAIT_FOR_IDLE.
Nu knh ri no gi message TSC_MsgGetCallInfo n
NetTSC component ly thng tin v cuc goi, sau o no gi ban
tin TSC_MsgAnswerCall chp nhn cuc goi. Trang thai tip theo
la WAIT_FOR_PSTN_CONNECT.
101
GATE_INIT
PSTN gc my
NetTSC: Std_MsgDetectEvtsCmplt
WAIT_DONE
WAIT_FOR_CALL
NetTSC: TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Offered
Gi TSC_MsgGetCallInfo n
NetTSC
NetTSC:
PSTN gc my
WAIT_FOR_CONNECT
PSTN_RELEASE
NetTSC: TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Connected
Quay s sang PSTN hoc NetTSC: TSC_EvtCallStat e_Type_Idled
Gi TSC_MsgReleaseCall n
PSTN_INIT
PSTN ch-a gc my
WAIT_FOR_RELEAS
hoc NetTSC: TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Failed

Gi TSC_MsgDropCall n NetTSC
PSTN: DIGITAL_OFFHOOK
NetTSC: TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Idled
WAIT_FOR_DISCONNECT
Gi TSC_MsgGetCallInfo n
NetTSC
WAIT_FOR_IDLE
hoc NetTSC: TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Disconnected
Gi TSC_MsgDropCall n NetTSC
Hnh 4.5: Cuc gi n t mng IP
WAIT_FOR_CONNECT: Luc nay, knh ang ch pha IP xac

nhn kt ni thanh cng.
Nu nhn c message TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Connected t
NetTSC no thc hin thu tuc quay s sang mang PSTN, thc hin
kt ni lung thng tin thoai gia hai bn (cho phep bn IP co th
nghe c cac Tone cua PSTN) va chuyn sang trang thai
PSTN_INIT.
Trong luc nay knh co th nhn c message
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Idled cho bit cuc goi pha IP c giai
phong, no gi message TSC_MsgReleaseCall n NetTSC.
Ngoai ra no cung co th nhn c message
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Failed cho bit vic kt ni cuc goi pha IP
102
tht bai (co th do khng ung a ch, hoc do chun ma hoa khng
phu hp). No thc hin vic giai phong cuc goi bng cach gi i
message TSC_MsgDropCall va knh chuyn sang trang thai
WAIT_FOR_IDLE.
PSTN_INIT: trang thai nay knh ang ch pha PSTN tra li,
cac message ma knh co th nhn c luc nay la:
Knh nhn c s kin DTI_OFF_HOOK cho bit bn PSTN
tra
li
cuc
goi,
no
chuyn
sang
trang
thai
WAIT_FOR_DISCONNECT.
Knh
nhn
c
message
TSC_EvtCallState_Type_Disconnected cho bit la pha IP a huy bo
cuc goi. No gi message TSC_MsgDropCall yu cu giai phong
cuc goi, trang thai tip theo cua knh la WAIT_FOR_IDLE.
Cac trang thai tip theo cua trng hp nay hoan toan ging
vi trng hp cuc goi PSTN inbound (giai oan kt thuc cuc goi).
4. Xy dng chng trnh
Cu truc d liu
Mi knh thoai c biu din bi mt cu truc GateSession
nh sau:
struct GateSession
{
USHORT
sessionState;
gateStateFxn
stateFxn;
USHORT
sessionNumber;
BOOL
waitOnHook;
CallParameters
callParam;
DM3NetTSC
NetTscComp;
NETTSCCLUSTER NetTscClust;
PSTNInfo
PstnInfo;
}
Bin sesionState m ta trang thai cua knh thoai, cac trang
thai co th co cua knh c lit k trong 4.3.
103
Tng ng vi mi trang thai se co mt ham state machine,

bin stateFxn xac nh ham state machine cua knh khi knh ang
trang thai c biu din bi bin sessionState.
Bin sessionNumber nh danh duy nht cho knh.
Bin waitOnHook c s dung kim tra trang thai cua
thu bao thoai (a gac may hay cha).
Bin callParam dung lu tr cac tham s v cuc goi ang
xay ra trn knh. No co kiu la cu truc CallParameter c nh
ngha trong th vin AFC. Cac thng s ma no lu gi co th la:
Th vin AFC cung cp cho ta module Dm3NetTsc giao tip
vi thanh phn NetTSC cua tai nguyn NetTSP. Bin NetTscComp
co kiu la cu truc Dm3NetTsc, v vy thng qua no ng dung co th
giao tip vi th hin cua NetTSC component iu khin cuc goi
pha IP.
NetTscClust la mt bin kiu cu truc NETTSCCLUSTER c
nh ngha trong th vin AFC (module NetTscCluster). Thng qua
bin nay, ng dung co th s dung cac dch vu cluster cua firmware
nh: cp phat, tm, xac nh cac khe thi gian SC bus, iu khin
truyn, nhn d liu qua SC bus n Card giao tip PSTN.
PstnInfo m ta knh thoai PSTN. No co kiu la cu truc
PSTNInfo, gm ba trng: pstnTxTSlot m ta khe thi gian SCbus
truyn d liu, voiceDevice, phoneDevice la a ch cac khi giao
tip mang va x l thoai trong card giao din mang PSTN.
S khi
M hnh lp trnh c chon la m hnh bt ng b n lung,
v vy cac bc thc hin chng trnh nh sau:
Khi ng h thng: khi ng cac thit b, xac nh cac tham
s mc nh.
Khi tao I/O Completion Port nhn tt ca cac s kin.
Khi tao cac knh thoai PSTN, ng k cac s kin, cho phep
I/O Completion Port co th nhn cac s kin nay.
104
Khi tao cac knh thoai IP, ng k cac message, cho phep I/O
Completion Port nhn cac s kin t knh thoai IP.
Ly s kin t I/O Completion Port x l.
I/O Completion port hoat ng nh mt hang i nhn cac
s kin. ly cac s kin t I/O Completion Port, trong vong lp v
tn ta goi ham GetQueuCompletionStatus() cua WinAPI. Ngay khi
nhn c mt s kin, kiu s kin, knh nhn c s kin va l do
xay ra se c phn tch va ham state machine se c goi. Sau khi
hoan thanh cac thao tac trong trang thai hin tai cua knh, knh co
th c cp nhp trang thai mi va ham state machine tng ng.
Start
Khi ng h
thng
Khi to I/O
Completion Port
Khi ng pha
PSTN
Khi ng
pha IP
Ly s kin
Kt thc ?
X l
s kin
F
Stop
Hnh 4.6: S khi ch-ng trnh
105
KT LUN VA KHUYN NGH
in thoai IP khi u tng chng nh la tro chi nhm kt

ni thng tin thoai gia hai may PC trong cung mang IP th nay a
co cac bin th nh: thoai qua mang IP, fax qua mang IP, dch vu
thoai thng minh, in thoai Web...va tr nn mt loai dch vu ha
hen trong tng lai. im ni bt cua dch vu in thoai IP la cc
ph re, c bit vi cac cuc goi ng dai. Vi nn tang cua mang IP
cng vi s phat trin cua cac b x l s th vic a thoai ln mang
IP khng phai la qua kho. Vi nhng li th o, dch vu nay a lam
cho cac nha cung cp dch vu vin thng phai lo ngai. Tuy nhin,
in thoai IP cung co nhng khim khuyt cua no. Cht lng thoai
IP con cha cao, s d nh vy la v anh hng cua mang truyn dn
va cac c ch nen thoai gy ra tr. Dung lng cua cac thit b con
kem xa so vi cac thit b vin thng.
Mc du tiu chun H.323 c soan thao cho thit b
multimedia u cui cua mang LAN, song tiu chun nay lai la nn
tang cho vic phat trin cac san phm in thoai IP. Thit b u
cui, Gateway, Gatekeeper va MCU la thanh phn chnh tao nn
mang cung cp dch vu thoai qua Internet. Thanh phn mang
Gateway ong vai tro trung gian trong vic h tr cuc goi gia thu
bao mang IP va thu bao mang chuyn mach knh. Hai chc nng
chnh cua Gateway la: chuyn i thu tuc bao hiu va chuyn i cac
phng phap nen tn thng tin (ting noi, video va s liu) gia hai
mang. Mt thanh phn mang quan trong ang c cac nha san xut
quan tm o la Gatekeeper. Chc nng cua Gatekeeper bao gm:
dch a ch gia mang IP va mang chuyn mach knh, iu khin
quyn truy nhp mang, thay i giai thng cua kt ni va quan ly
vung ma thu bao ng ky.
Qua trnh bao hiu va x l cuc goi theo khuyn ngh H323
lin quan n 3 knh bao hiu: knh iu khin H245, knh bao hiu
106
RAS, knh bao hiu H225. Knh RAS dung truyn cac ban tin
H225 RAS gia gatekeeper vi cac thanh phn khac trong mang
nhm thc hin mt s thu tuc nh: ng k, nh v im cui, giam
sat trang thai, thay i bng thng...Knh bao hiu H225 s dung
cac ban tin bao hiu trong khuyn ngh H225 thit lp, giai phong
cuc goi. Cac ban tin nay co th c nh tuyn trc tip gia hai
im cui tham gia cuc goi hoc qua gatekeeper ma cac im cui
nay ng k. Knh iu khin H245 truyn cac ban tin H245 thc
hin cac thu tuc nh: trao i kha nng, xac nh chu t, ong m
knh logic...Cuc goi bt u trn 2 knh bao hiu H225 mt chiu.
Sau khi trao i cac ban tin bao hiu, a ch knh iu khin se
c xac nh va knh iu khin c thit lp. Mi cuc goi ch
thit lp duy nht mt knh iu khin. Cac ban tin H245 c s
dung thc hin thu tuc m knh thng tin media cho phep hai bn
am thoai. Ngoai ra, H323 con a ra thu tuc kt ni nhanh va thu
tuc ma hoa ban tin H245 trong ban tin bao hiu H225, bo qua giai
oan thit lp knh iu khin. Cac thu tuc nay se khng cung cp
y u cac chc nng nh mt knh H245, nhng chung c u tin
s dung trong dch vu thoai IP v mang lai hiu qua cao hn.
Khi cuc goi co s tham gia cua mang SCN, bao hiu gia
gateway va mang SCN la bao hiu trong mang SCN. Bao hiu gia
gateway vi u cui hoc gateway trong mang IP tun theo khuyn
ngh H323. Tiu chun ky thut TS 101 322 va TS 101 471 gii han
nhng thu tuc ban tin H323 c ap dung trong in thoai IP. Trong
giai oan thit lp va giai phong cuc goi, cac thng tin bao hiu
trong bng cua SCN se c truyn trong cac ban tin bao hiu H225.
Trong giai oan thc hin cuc goi, chung se c truyn trong ban
tin H245 userInputIndication.
Dch vu in thoai IP trong tng lai se c ap dung rng rai,
v vy cac san phm ap dung cho no cn phai c nghin cu xy
dng. Xy dng cac gateway la mt trong nhng xu hng phat trin
hin nay. Vin khoa hoc va ky thut bu in a ch tao thanh cng
gateway dung lng 4 knh thoai tng t va ang phat trin
gateway vi dung lng lung E1. Giai phap phn cng c la
chon la dung card DSP c chung. Phn cng c s dung la card
107
D/300 cho giao tip mang thoai va card Dm3/IP link cho giao tip IP
cua hang Dialogic.
Phn mm x l cuc goi cho gateway bao gm cac khi giao
tip mang va khi iu khin. Trong khun kh an nay ch tp
trung vao khi giao tip mang IP va khi iu khin. M hnh lp
trnh c ap dung la m hnh bt ng b n lung s dung c ch
ng b I/O completion port cua Win32. M hnh nay s dung cac
may trang thai iu khin cuc goi. Mi cuc goi se chuyn trang
thai khi nhn cac s kin thch hp.
Trn y la nhng kt lun rut ra t tai nghin cu nay.
Trn c s o em xin xut cac hng phat trin tip theo :
Hoan thin san phm gateway dung lng lung E1 va phat
trin vi dung lng ln hn (nhiu lung E1).
Ch tao Gatekeeper
Nghin cu cac giai phap nng cao cht lng dch vu thoai
Internet.
Xy dng h thng quan l giam sat dch vu VoIP.
108
THUT NG VA T VIT TT
ACF
Admissions Confirm
AFC
Application Foudation Code
API
Application Program Interface
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASR
Automatic Speech Recognization
ARJ
Admissions Reject
ARQ
Admissions Request
BCF
Bandwidth Confirm
BRJ
Bandwidth Reject
BRQ
Bandwidth Request
CP
Control Processor
CT
Computer Telephony
DCF
Disengage Confirm
DNI
Digital Network Interface
DTMF
Dual-Tone MultiFrequency
DRJ
Disengage Reject
DRQ
Disengage Request
GCF
Gatekeeper Confirmation
GK
Gatekeeper
109
GCF
Gatekeeper Confirm
GRJ
Gatekeeper Reject
GRQ
Gatekeeper Request
GW
Gateway
IRQ
Information Request
IRR
Information Request Response
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
IE
Information Element
IP
Internet Protocol
LCF
Location Confirm
LRJ
Location Reject
LRQ
Location Request
LAN
Local Area Network
MC
Multipoint Controller
MCU
Multipoint Control Unit
MP
Multipoint Processor
MMA
Mediastream Management ASIC
PC
Personal Computer
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
QoS
Quality of Service
RAS
Registration, Admission and Status
RIP
Request In Progress
RRJ
Registration Reject
110
RRQ
Registration Request
RTCP
Real-time Transport Control Protocol
RTOS
Real-Time Operating System
RTP
Real-time Transport Protocol
SCN
Switched Circuit Network
SP
Signal Processor
TCP
Transport Control Protocol
TSAP
Transport Service Access Point
TSP
Telephone Service Provider.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
UCF
Unregistration Confirm
URJ
Unregistration Reject
URQ
Unregistration Request
VSR
Voice Stream Resource
WAN
Wide Area Network
111
TAI LIU THAM KHAO
ITU-T Recommendation H323

multimedia communication systems.
(02/1998):
Packet-based
ITU-T Recommendation H225.0 (1998): Call signalling

protocols andmedia stream packettization for packet-based
mutimedia communication systems.
ITU-T Recommendtion H245 (1998): Control protocol for
multimedia communication.
ITU-T Recommendation Q.931 (1998): ISDN user-network
interface layer 3 specification for basic call control .
ETSI TS 101 322 (1999) Signalling for basic calls and inter
domain calls between an H.323 Terminal and a Terminal in a SCN
Phase II: Scenario 1 + Scenario 2.
ETSI TS 101 471 (07/1999) Signalling for calls between H.323
Terminals and Terminals in a Swiched-Circuit Network (SCN)
Phase III: Scenario 1, 2,3,4.
Nghin cu cng ngh in thoai trn Internet - Ths inh Vn
Dung (12/1998)
Nghin cu trin khai th nghim dch vu thoai gia mang IP
va mang chuyn mach knh - Ths inh Vn Dung (12/1999).
Dm3 Mediastream Architechture - Dialogic corporation (1999).
Application Foudation Code for Dm3 Direct Interface for
Windows - Dialogic corporation (1999).
Dm3 NetTSP resource message guide - Dialogic corporation
(1999).
Dm3 IP Link users guide - Dialogic corporation (1999).
112

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1

SVTH: THAI QUANG TUNG

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1.4 Cac thu tuc khac .............................................................. 31

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Trn th gii, cng ngh in thoai IP a c thng mai hoa

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dch vu in thoai IP va ng dung trong Gateway PSTN-IP

Em xin chn thanh cam n s hng dn tn tnh cua PGS

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CHNG 1: DCH VU IN THOAI IP

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Ngoai cu hnh phone to phone trn, dch vu thoai IP con

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1.3 Li ch cua in thoai IP

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1.4 u im va nhc im cua in thoai IP

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2. Phat trin dch vu in thoai IP

Thiu tai nguyn trn

Giao thc interrnet mi

Cht lng Vol IP

Dch vu Vol IP vn la thiu

Phng an 1 - cht lng dch vu cua mang Internet tip tuc

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u tai nguyn trn mang

Gia cung cp VoIP

Mang IP tai phn ln lu

Hnh 1.4: in thoai IP c s sung rng

2.1 Cac yu cu khi phat trin in thoai IP

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Quan l h thng an toan, a ch hoa va thanh toan phai c

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am thoai im - im cung nh cho truyn thng hi ngh. H323

Hnh 1.5: Cac thanh phn trong mang H323

Mang H323 da trn c s mang IP cung cp cac dch vu truyn

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Cac chc nng H323

Hnh 1.6: Cc thit b u cui H323

Giao din vi mng LAN

- Tng thch vi MCU h tr cac lin kt a im

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- iu khin min - Mt min la mt nhom cac u cui H323,

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MCU la mt im cui (Endpoint) trong mang, no cung cp kha

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Hnh 1.7: Cc cu hnh c s ca Gateway

Gateway khi hoat ng se co c im cua mt thit b u cui

iu khin va bao hiu

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Hnh 1.8 Kin truc phn tng giao thc H323.

Giao thc H225 RAS ( Registration/Admission/Status )

SVTH: THAI QUANG TUNG

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Knh H245 c thit lp gia hai im cui, mt im cui vi

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Hoat ng cua RTP c h tr bi mt thu tuc khac la RCTP

Hnh 1.9: Ma hoa goi tin RTP trong goi IP

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Cac c ch trn c thc hin thng qua mao u cua RTP.