Chng 4

K thut lp trnh nng cao

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Mc tiu chng 4
Sau khi kt thc chng n{y, sinh vin c th
Nm c kh|i nim tin trnh (process), quan h
gia c|c tin trnh
Trnh b{y c c ch s dng signal giao tip
gia c|c tin trnh
Lp trnh s dng k thut a tin trnh
Trnh b{y kh|i nim lung
Lp trnh ng dng a lung

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Ni dung
4.1. Tin trnh (process)
4.2. C ch s dng signal
4.3. Lp trnh giao tip a tin trnh
4.4. Lung (thread)
4.5. Lp trnh ng dng a lung

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4.1. Tin trnh (Process)

Kh|i nim tin trnh
Lp trnh a tin trnh

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Khi nim tin trnh

Tin trnh c to ra khi ta thc thi mt chng
trnh
a tin trnh cho php nhiu chng trnh cng
thc thi v{ chia s d liu vi nhau
C|c tham s ca mt tin trnh
PID (Process ID): s hiu tin trnh
PPID (Parent Process ID): s hiu tin trnh cha
Command: c}u lnh c gi thc thi tin trnh

ls e o pid,ppid,command
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PID, PPID
Ly v PID: s dng hm getpid()
Ly v PPID: s dng hm getppid()
Hm getpid() v getppid() tr gi tr kiu pid_t (bn
cht l kiu int)

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Dng tin trnh

C|ch 1: S dng t hp phm Ctrl + C
C|ch 2: S dng shell command

kill PID

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To tin trnh mi
Cch 1: s dng h{m system

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To tin trnh mi
Cch 2: s dng h{m fork v{ exec

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4.2. C ch s dng signal

Signal l{ c ch cho php giao tip gia c|c tin
trnh
Signal l{ c ch khng ng b
Khi tin trnh nhn c signal, tin trnh phi x
l signal ngay lp tc
Linux h tr 32 SIGNAL

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Danh sch signal thng dng

Kiu SIGNAL

L do gi SIGNAL

SIGHUP

Bo cho chng trnh khi thot khi terminal

SIGINT

Khi ngi dng nhn Ctrl + C tt chng trnh

SIGILL

Khi chng trnh chy lnh khng hp l

SIGABRT

Khi chng trnh nhn c lnh abort

SIGKILL

Khi chng trnh nhn c lnh kill (ng chng

trnh)

SIGUSR1

Ty bin theo ng dng

SIGUSR2

Ty bin theo chng trnh

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Gi SIGNAL ti process
Cch 1: s dng shell command
kill [-SIGNAL_TYPE] PID
Cch 2: s dng h{m kill trong chng trnh, cho
php process n{y gi signal ti process kh|c
kill(PID, SIGNAL_TYPE)

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4.3. Lp trnh giao tip a tin trnh

C ch:
Tin trnh chnh to ra c|c tin trnh con s dng
lnh fork v{ exec
S dng c ch signal trao i tn hiu gia c|c
tin trnh

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V d
Bt v{ x l signal c gi ti mt tin trnh
(SIGTERM v SIGINT)

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killsignal.c

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V d: killsignal.c (tip)

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Demo
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4.4. Lung (thread)

Mt chng trnh mc nh chy mt lung ->
lung chnh
Lung chnh c th to ra c|c lung kh|c, c|c lung
s chy ng thi -> tng tc chng trnh
C|c lung chia s khng gian nh, truy xut file v{
cc ti nguyn khc
Tham s ca mt lung:
thread ID: s hiu lung (kiu d liu pthread_t)

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4.5. Lp trnh x l a lung

To lung
Truyn tham s cho lung
Nhn gi| tr tr v t lung
Tt lung

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To lung
Khai b|o th vin: pthread.h
H{m to lung: pthread_create

thread: thread id
attr: cc thuc tnh ca lung, mc nh NULL
start_routine: hm thc thi trong lung
arg: cc tham s truyn cho lung

Bin dch chng trnh:

gcc o multithread multithread.c -pthread
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M ngun to lung

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Truyn tham s cho lung

Khai bo cu trc d liu cha d liu cn truyn cho
lung. V d:
struct arg {
//Ky tu can in
char character;
//So lan can in
int count; };

Truyn d liu cho lung khi to lung qua tham s

arg
Chng trnh con thc thi lung nhn tham s v v
x l
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M ngun truyn tham s cho lung

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Tt lung
S dng h{m pthread_cancel:

thread: nhn tham s thread id ca lung

mun tt

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M ngun tt lung

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Tho lun

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