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BCPPL
BCPPL
BCPPL
LI M U..........................................................................................................................2
Chng 1: GII THIU CHUNG........................................................................................4
1.1.L do chn ti..............................................................................................................4
1.2.Mc ch v Mc tiu ca nghin cu ti...................................................................4
1.2.1.Mc ch....................................................................................................................4
1.2.2.Mc tiu.....................................................................................................................5
1.3.Gii thiu ca ti.........................................................................................................5
1.3.1.i tng nghin cu................................................................................................5
1.3.2.Phm vi nghin cu...................................................................................................5
1.3.3.Phng php nghin cu...........................................................................................5
Chng 2: C S L LUN V VN VIC LM V THT NGHIP CA
SINH VIN.....................................................................................................................................6
2.1.Khi nim vic lm..........................................................................................................6
2.2.Phn loi vic lm............................................................................................................6
2.3.Khi nim tht nghip......................................................................................................6
2.4.Phn loi tht nghip........................................................................................................7
Chng 3: THC TRNG VIC LM SINH VIN........................................................10
3.1. Vi nt v Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng............................................10
3.2. Thc trng vic lm sinh vin ti Hc Vin..................................................................10
3.3.Quy trnh thc hin:.......................................................................................................11
Chng 4: CC NGUYN NHN GY KH KHN V VIC LM CHO SINH
VIN.............................................................................................................................................16
4.1. Nguyn nhn t chnh pha bn thn.............................................................................16
4.2. Nguyn nhn t pha nh trng...................................................................................17
4.3.Nguyn nhn t pha doanh nghip...............................................................................18
Chng 5: NHNG GII PHP KHC PHC TNH TRNG THT NGHIP CA
SINH VIN RA TRNG.........................................................................................................19
5.1. V pha bn thn............................................................................................................19
5.2 V pha nh trng.........................................................................................................20
Chng 6: KT LUN........................................................................................................21
LI M U
Hin ti kinh t nc ta l nn kinh t nhiu thnh phn, t sau khi i mi nn kinh t
mang li nhiu thay i tch cc. Mc d vy vi vic nh hng nng n xu hng khng hong
kinh t chung ca ton cu, kh nng ng ph km hiu qu ca cc doanh nghip ang hot
ng trong nc khin cho chnh cc doanh nghip ny gp kh trong vic duy tr hot ng
v pht trin, dn ti mt nguyn nhn ln l tnh trng tht nghip ca ngi lao ng hin nay.
Trong s cc lc lng lao ng y th mt lng ln tnh trng sinh vin ra trng tht nghip
ngy cng tng. y l mt trong nhng vn quan trng cn c nghin cu mt cch k
lng c th rt ra c nhng gii php ng n gii quyt trit tnh trng trn, a t
nc pht trin vng mnh. t nc mun pht trin n nh v lu di th ngoi cc chnh sch
nh hng pht trin hp l th cn cn c lc lng lao ng c cht lng, m sinh vin l lc
lng lao ng tr, nng ng, di do v c o to c th p ng c nhng yu cu
trong i mi nn kinh t, nm bt v s dng hiu qu cng ngh tin tin. V vy y l ngun
nhn lc rt quan trng cn c o to v s dng mt cch hp l hiu qu.Tnh trng sinh
vin tht nghip s nh hng rt nhiu n tnh hnh pht trin nn kinh t, x hi ca t nc.
Thc trng v s tht nghip ca sinh vin sau khi tht nghip ra trng. T khi t nc ta
c chnh sch m ca giao lu hp tc vi cc nc trong khu vc cng nh cc nc trn th
gii, kinh t chuyn sang nn kinh t nhiu thnh phn t do cnh tranh pht trin pht huy rt
nhiu mt tch cc. Mt tch cc ng ch l s c gng vn ln ca lp thanh nin mi c
th p ng c yu cu, i hi ca cng vic.S m rng pht trin kinh t th trng thc s
mang li nhng c hi vic lm cho sinh vin c kh nng, c nng lc, linh hot. Nhng
1.2.2.Mc tiu
- C ci nhn tng th hn v thc trng vic lm ca sinh vin
-
Nam 18->60
Ngi ngoi tui lao ng = dan s- tui lao ng
-Ngi trong tui lao ng c hai loi
Lc lng lao ng:
+Ngi c vic lm : lm trong hot ng kinh t x hi
+Ngi tht nghip:ngi ko c vic lm nhng mong mun tm c vic lm
2.4.Phn loi tht nghip
Theo cc nh khoa hoc th tht nghip c chia thnh cc loi sau:
Trong cc sch bo kinh t chng ta thng gp rt nhiu nhng tn gi khc nhau v cc
lai hnh tht nghip. Thc t bt ngun t nhng quan nim khng thng nht v tht
nghip hoc da trn nhng tiu chun phn loi khc nhau. Chng ta hay gp cc thut
ng: Tht nghip tm thi, Tht nghip t nhin, Tht nghip t nguyn, Tht nghip khng
t nguyn, Tht nghip c cu, Tht nghip cng ngh, Tht nghip ma v, Tht nghip
hu hnh, Tht nghip tr hnh, Tht nghip ngn hn, Tht nghip trung hn, Tht nghip
di hn, Tht nghip tng phn (bn tht nghip), Tht nghip ton phn, Tht nghip chu
k, Tht nghip nhu cu, Tht nghip kinh nin, Thiu vic lm hu hnh, Thiu vic lm v
hnh, Tha lao ng, Lao ng di d...
Tuy nhin ni hm ca nhng thut ng nu khng c phn bit mt cch r rng.
Chng hn, tht nghip t nhin ch yu l do thiu thng tin th trng lao ng v do s di
chuyn ca ngi lao ng trn th trng, nh vy lai hnh ny gm mt phn l tht nghip
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vic. Nn c khng t bn sinh vin sau khi hc xong Cao ng hay i hc do khng xin c
vic chn gii php l hc tip, hc lin thng hay hc vn bng hai li c b m nui
nh tm s ca mt s bn sinh vin: Mnh chn cnh phi ngi chu chc xin vic cc trung
tm m cui cng li v khng nn mnh bo b m ri, mnh s hc ln Cao hc. Hy vng
vi tm bng thc s th ra trng s sun s hn.
Cng c nhiu sinh vin ra trng tm c vic lm sau mt vi thng u vt ln nhng
hu ht trong s h khng my ai c lm cng vic theo ng chuyn nghnh mnh hc m
hu ht l xin vic tri nghnh, ngh.
Nhm thc hin iu tra phng vn mt nhm bao gm 20 sinh vin ra trng bao
gm thuc kha D11 v mt nhm sinh vin ang lm n tt nghip thuc kha D12. Nhm
ti thu c kt qu nh sau:
3.3.Quy trnh thc hin:
V i tng kho st: i tng trong t kho st ln ny l sinh vin kha mi tt nghip
gn nht D11 h chnh quy.
V phng thc thc hin: kho st ch yu thng qua cc phiu kho st qua trang website
ca trng.
V thi gian thc hin: t thng 15/11/2016 n thng 28/11/2016.
Qu trnh tip nhn v x l s liu:
Thng qua thi gian gi phiu kho st t 15/11/2016 n thng 28/11/2016 vi hn 150
phiu kho st,
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T cc phiu kho st c gi v, nhm tin hnh phn loi tng phiu theo chuyn
ngnh c o to, theo i tng c kho st, t nhng s phn loi ny nhm tin
hnh cc thao tc thng k s liu, v cc biu phn tch. T nhng kt qu ca cc kho st
tin hnh cc phn tch, nhn nh v tnh trng vic lm ca sinh vin sau khi ra trng.
Tuy nhin, mt phn do cha c phn mm x l s liu chuyn nghip v do cng tc
kho st ny cha thu ht nhiu s quan tm ca cc cu sinh vin nn thi gian kho
st, x l cc s liu cn di v i ng thc hin cn gp kh nhiu kh khn.
T l sinh vin tham gia kho st theo gii tnh
Theo kt qu phn tch phiu kho st th c 168 phiu kho st : 70.1% sinh vin l nam v
39.9% sinh vin l n thc hin kho st. iu ny cng ph hp vi thc t l t l nam hc ti
trng v tt nghip u ng hn t l n.
S lng sinh vin tham gia thc hin kho st theo chuyn ngnh c o to:
12% 20%
DT truyn thng inin t
7%
15%
QTKD
CNTT
10%
Marketing
36%
K ton
Theo kt qu thng k th s lng sinh vin theo khoa chuyn ngnh tham gia thc hin
kho st v gi phiu kho st v cho b phn tng hp tng i l ng u. Trong , t l
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sinh vin Khoa Cng ngh thng tin gi phiu kho st v chim t l cao hn i vi cc khoa
khc vi t l 36,33%, tip n l k thut in t truyn thng (20%), khoa Qun tr kinh
doanh (14.7%), Khoa K ton (11.9%) v Khoa K thut in-in t (10%), v cui cng l
Khoa Marketing(6.9%).
Kt qu kho st vic lm sinh vin sau khi tt nghip
Thi gian tm c vic lm sau khi ra trng
Chart Title
C vic lm ngay
Sau 1 nm
19%
32%
Cha c vic lm
38%
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ng chuyn ngnh
29%
25%
Chart Title
ng dng
ng dng cao
ng dng khng 5%
cao 6% khng ng dng
19%
43%
27%
Khng xc nh
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thc hin v gi v cn thp. Dn n kt qu phn tch ch mang tnh tng quan l ch yu,
chi tit tuyt i cha cao.
Cc hn ch trn xut pht t nhng nguyn nhn sau:
Vic thng k a ch v cc thng tin sinh vin tt nghip, ng thi v ni lm vic ca cu
sinh vin l ht sc kh khn, do cc cng tc qun l thng k khng ng b v khng thng
nht.
Tm l ngi k khai v thc hin cc phiu kho st.
Do a phn sinh vin mi ra trng cha n nh cng tc, vn cn tm l nhy vic nn
ngi trong vic thc hin cc phiu kho st.
i ng thc hin kho st l cc lp trng, b th mi ra trng cn bn cng tc nn cha
nhit tnh trong vic thc hin cc khu kho st.
Do thi gian tin hnh kho st ngn nn s lng phiu kho st thu v cha c nhiu.
Nhn xt chung:
Qua kho st thc t cho thy phn ln sinh vin ra trng kh tm c vic lm ngay, hu
ht sinh vin tm c vic lm th tri nghnh ngh o to cc cng vic h lm nh chy bn,
phc v, qun c ph, qun n ng lng tng i thp cha p ng c nhu cu sinh
hot chung c bit i vi nhng ngi lm vic thnh ph
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km trong qu trnh hc tp iu nh hng kin thc cng nh k nng, thnh tch sau khi
tt nghip nh trng.
Sinh vin thiu mc ch khng r rng: Mt s anh ch ra trng chia s v cc qun l
cc cng ty nc ngoi nhn nh v sinh vin c nhn vo th vic cng ty yu v ngoi
ng, khng t tin trong giao tip. i a s xin vic v quyn li ca bn thn ch cha thc s
ngh nhiu v cng vic, m cc cng ty th khng tuyn khi nhn thy bn thiu nim say m
tm huyt ngh nghip.
4.2. Nguyn nhn t pha nh trng
cc nc c nn gio dc tin tin, sinh vin hc n u s c thc hnh ngay n ,
nn s nh rt lu, nhiu vn thay v phi ging gii l thuyt nh Vit Nam, th sinh vin
nc ngoi c lm ngay thc t, mi khi thc tp cc sinh vin c a n cc cng ty v
thc hnh ngay y, v th nc ngoi k nng lm vic ca sinh vin c hnh thnh
ngay t lc bt u i hc. Nh hc c thc hnh ngay nn thi gian o to c nhn
nc ngoi ch mt 3 nm.
Vit Nam, mt chng trnh c nhn phi mt 4, 5 nm, tch bch gia hc v hnh, 3,5
nm u sinh vin c hc nhi nht kin thc, n na nm cui cng va thc tp cho c
chng trnh hc, li va lo vit n tt nghip, thc tp cng rt s si, nn rt cuc sau 4
nm hc sinh vin ch c kin thc nhi nht, cn k nng lm vic vn cha c trang b g c.
Nguyn nhn su xa cng bi cc chng trnh o to ti trng qu tp trung vo kin thc
hn lm, ging dy mt cch dp khun, khin sinh vin khng c trang b nhng k nng
thc t, ng thi hn ch tnh sng to ca ngi hc, khin i ng nhn lc mi ra trng c
v nh ci g cng bit, nhng khng c ci no bit ti ni ti chn.
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Cht lng ca gio dc thc hnh, thc tp cn nhiu mt hn ch, nhiu chng trnh o
to qu c k, lc hu t ni dung n phng php ging dy l thuyt qu nhiu v thc hnh
cn cha p ng v chnh v th kh nng pht trin ca sinh vin cha c pht huy ti a.
4.3.Nguyn nhn t pha doanh nghip
Tht nghip ang l mt trong nhng vn nng nht trn phm vi ton cu v Vit Nam
cng khng phi l ngoi l. c rt nhiu cc nghin cu, cc bui hi tho bn v vn
vic lm cho sinh vin sau khi ra trng v trong s rt nhiu cc l do khc nhau, khng th loi
tr l do xut pht t s th ca doanh nghip i vi i ng sinh vin mi tt nghip.
H khng mun tn thi gian o to li sinh vin mi tt nghip t k nng bn ti tc
phong lm vic, giao tip Thay vo , h sn sng chi tr mc cao hn la chn i tng
c kinh nghim, sau khi tuyn dng c th lp tc bt tay vo cng vic nh tuyn dng yu
cu. iu khin sinh vin mi ra trng gim i c hi vic lm.
Hu ht sinh vin mi ra trng kh c th chen chn vo nhng cng ty m h np n,
cc cng ty yu cu th bng i hc, anh vn, kinh nghim vy th nhng sinh vin mi
ra trng th lm sao c c hi tm kim vic lm.
i xin vic gn ging chuyn mn cng l qu kh, yu cu pha doanh nghip rt kh
khn, s mt thi gian o to. Chnh v vy chng ti ch mong mun c nh tuyn dng to
iu kin hn nhng sinh vin mi ra trng c c hi hc hi v lm vic.
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Chng 6: KT LUN
Vic lm vn l mt trong nhng vn nng bng ca x hi ni chung v sinh vin khi
ra trng ni ring. Trong thc t x hi cu ln hn cung, tha thy thiu th th khng bit
bao nhiu sinh vin vc h s i xin vic li cng cc v khng. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn dn
n tnh trng tht nghip ca sinh vin sau khi ra trng.V vy gii quyt vn ny cn s
quan tam ca ng v nh nc, cc doanh nghip cc bn sinh vin c th tm c vic lm
mt cch d dng, ng chuyn ngnh ca mnh
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