CHAPTERS EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS BOILER EMISSIONS : From the air quality standards, thee classes of emissions ftom the boiler are significant, ‘They are particulate matter, sulphur oxides and nittgen oxides, Historically parteulte matter «also popolaly called fly ash has received the greatest attention because itis easily seen and often labeled public nuisance. The concern about the sulphur oxide comes from itt posible health effects and fiom its potential to damage vegetation. Oxites of nitrogen are also significant ‘because they participate in complex chemical reactions that lead to formation of photochemical ‘smog inthe atmosphere and depletion of ozone layer. As the boiler emissions have many ill effects onthe environment as a whole, thee i 2 need to control the emissions to a level acceptable to the environment. This call for «numberof ‘equipments to be connected to the boiler; each one sepately deals one of the emissions. In Ingian power station boilers ll now provisions are made only forthe removal of psticulate ‘mater fom the ie go, 2. PARTICULATE EMISSION CONTROL : Particulate emission control deals with methods of removing particles dispersed in the clluent gases. Ina boiler it specifically applies the remosalof fly ash from the flue gas Many methods are availabe fortis purpose. Some of them are a Mechanical Cyelone Colletors » Venturi Serabber ° Fabric Fite a lectostatc Precipitators (OF the above Electrostatic Precpitatr is the most common method used by Indian Power Stans forthe removal of fly ash due ois higher extractio efficiency. 2.1 ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS 2.4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE ‘The principles upon which an electrostatic precipitstor opertes are thatthe dst Len 2805 pss into a chamber where the individual parle of dust are given an electric charge by absoaption of free ins from a high vltage D.C. jnising Fel. Eletricfores ease a steam of ions wo pass from the discharge electrodes tothe collecting electrodes and the panicles of ds entrained inthe pes are deflected out ofthe pas steam into the collected surfaces where they are feiained, either by eleical er molecular atraeton (See Fig. 81.) 204‘They are removed by an intmittent blow usually refened as rapping. ‘This causes the dust particles to drop into dust hoppers situated below the collecting electrodes, “There ae four ferent steps in the process of precipitation Tonisaton of gases and charging of dust partite Migration ofthe particle tothe collector, Deposition of charged particles on te collecting surface Dislodging of particles from the collecting surface. 212. DESCRIPTION ‘The electrostatic prciptator essentially consists of two sets of electrodes, one in the form of thin wires called discharge or emiting clecuodes and other set called collecting clectrdes in the form of pipes or plates. The emitting electrodes sre placed in the centre of pipes oF midway between two plates and are connected usually to negative polarity of high ‘voltage D.C. source ofthe order of 25-10OKV. The collecting electrodes are connected to the positive ofthe source and grounded. Fig.9.2shows the dais of « typical prciptaor used For olection of fy ash 243. TYPES “The precpitato can be basicaly classified into the bHlowing types i) Dry orwet irigated) li) Horizontal or vertical ow iii) Plate ype or abu type For recovery of valuable material, dry type preciptator is normally chosen 205