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(De belli et pacis)

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1.

2.

Whitney, W. D. (1889). The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic


lexicon of the English language. New York: The Century Co. Page 2842
raudel F. 2001, 46.

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(1935-1953)
(Wiill Durant)

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