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MC LC
CHNG I : GII THIU V ETHERNET....................................................................3
I.1. Khi nim c bn v Ethernet...................................................................................3
I.2. Lch s pht trin.......................................................................................................3
I.3. Cc thnh phn mng Ethernet................................................................................3
CHNG II : CHUN IEEE 802......................................................................................5
II.1. IEEE 802 LAN Standard Family.............................................................................5
II.2. iu khin truy cp phng tin truyn (MAC a ch MAC c 48bit)...........5
II.3. Kim sot kt ni lun l (LLC)..............................................................................5
II.4. Ethernet Standards...................................................................................................6
CHNG III : GIAO THC CSMA/CD..........................................................................7
III.1. Gii thiu CSMD/CD..............................................................................................7
III.2. Ethernet s dng CSMA/CD..................................................................................7
III.3. Gii thut CSMA/CD trong Ethernet....................................................................8
CHNG IV : CU TRC KHUNG................................................................................9
IV.1. Khun dng khung Ethernet.................................................................................10
IV.1.1. Ethernet 802.2..................................................................................................10
IV.1.2. Ethernet 802.3..................................................................................................10
IV.1.3. Ethernet II........................................................................................................11
IV.1.4. Ethernet SNAP (Sub-Network Access Protocol).............................................11
IV.2. a ch Ethernet.....................................................................................................12
IV.3. Thut ton truyn..................................................................................................12
IV.4. Ethernet Dch v phi kt ni, khng tin cy.....................................................13
IV.5. Cc loi a ch khung Ethernet...........................................................................13
IV.6. Cc loi li trn khung Ethernet...........................................................................13
CHNG V : CC MNG V THIT B ETHERNET..............................................13
V.1. Cc mng Ethernet..................................................................................................13
V.2. Mng 10Base-5-Thick Ethernet (Thicknet)...........................................................14
V.2.1. Cp ng trc cng RG-8................................................................................14
V.2.2. M hnh mng 10Base-5...................................................................................15
V.3. Mng 10Base-2( di mt on mng di xp x 200m) -Thin Ethernet
(Thinnet).......................................................................................................................... 16
SVTH: Nhm 4
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V.3.1. Cp ng trc mm li nhiu si (RG-58A/U) hoc 1 li (RG-58/U)............16

V.3.2. Card mng.........................................................................................................17
V.3.3. u ni BNC.....................................................................................................17
V.3.4. u ni BNC-T.................................................................................................18
V.3.5. Terminator.........................................................................................................18
V.4. Mng 10Base-T: Twisted-Pair Ethernet.................................................................18
V.4.1. Cp UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair.................................................................18
V.4.2. Hub:................................................................................................................... 19
V.4.3. M hnh mng Ethernet 10Base-T...................................................................19
V.5. Fast Ethernet...........................................................................................................20
V.5.1. Fast Ethernet: 100Base-TX..............................................................................20
V.5.2. Fast Ethernet: 100Base-FX..............................................................................21
V.6. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)..........................................................................................22
V.6.1. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE): 1000Base-CX...........................................................22
V.6.2. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE): 1000Base-LX...........................................................22
V.6.3. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE): 1000Base-SX...........................................................22
V.6.4. Cc mng Ethernet: 1000Base-SX-LX(fiber).................................................23
V.7. Media Access Control (MAC).................................................................................23
CHNG VI : NG DNG CA ETHERNET.............................................................24
VI.1. S dng Ethernet cho cc h thng an ninh gim st din rng vi tin cy
cao.................................................................................................................................... 24
VI.1.1. Cu trc lin kt hnh sao..............................................................................24
VI.1.2. Cu trc lin kt vng....................................................................................26
VI.1.3. Cc ng dng gim st mng.........................................................................27
VI.1.4. Thng s k thut chuyn mch....................................................................28
VI.1.5. ng dng cho trm cp cu...........................................................................28
VI.1.6. Cc trm kt ni..............................................................................................29
VI.1.7. Mng lin kt vng ln hoc nhiu vng.......................................................30
VI.1.8. Cc giao thc khc cn xem xt.....................................................................30
VI.2. Mng Ethernet th ( Metro Ethernet).............................................................31
CHNG VII : KT LUN............................................................................................34
VII.1. L do cho s thnh cng ca Ethernet...............................................................34
SVTH: Nhm 4
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VII.2. Tng lai ca Ethernet........................................................................................34

VII.3. u im ca cng ngh Ethernet........................................................................34
VII.4. Nhc im ca cng ngh Ethernet..................................................................35
VII.5. Kh nng p dng................................................................................................35
TI LIU THAM KHO..................................................................................................36

SVTH: Nhm 4
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CHNG I : GII THIU V ETHERNET

I.1. Khi nim c bn v Ethernet
Ethernet l cng ngh khu vc ni b c s dng kt ni cc thit b mng
khong cch gn, c vn hnh ch trong mt to nh. mc ti a, ngi ta c th s
dng hng trm mt kt ni cc thit b Ethernet. Nhng kt ni cc thit b khong
cch a l xa th khng th. Ngy nay, nh nhng tin b v mt cng ngh, ngi ta c th
xem xt li tr ngi v mt a l ny, cho php mng li Ethernet m rng n hng chc
kilmet. Gn y, n c phin bn 100 Mbps c gi l Fast Ethernet v 1000 Mbps
gi l Gigabit Ethernet.
I.2. Lch s pht trin
Ethernet l mng cc b do cc cng ty Xerox, Intel v Digital equipment xy dng v
pht trin. Ethernet l mng thng dng nht i vi cc mng nh hin nay. Ethernet LAN
c xy dng theo chun 7 lp trong cu trc mng ca ISO, mng truyn s liu Ethernet
cho php a vo mng cc loi my tnh khc nhau k c my tnh mini.
Cc giai on pht trin:
1972
Th nghim v h thng u tin c thc hin ti Xerox PARC bi Robert
Metcalfe v cc ng nghip (Palo Alto Research Center )
H thng mng truyn 2,94Mbps da trn Ethernet
1979: Xy dng chun Ethernet II, tc 10Mbps
1981:
Chun IEEE 802.3 c chnh thc c s dng
Digital Equipment, Intel, v Xerox cng pht trin v a ra phin bn
Ethernet Version 2.0, Ethernet II => chun quc t
1985: IEEE ly DIX Ethernet lm nn tng cho c t k thut IEEE 802.3.
Sau , IEEE m rng thm cc y ban mi l 802.3u (Fast Ethernet), 802.3z (Gigabit
Ethernet over Fiber) v 802.3ab (Gigabit Ethernet over UTP)
I.3. Cc thnh phn mng Ethernet
Data terminal Equipment (DTE): Cc thit b truyn v nhn d liu DTEs thng l
PC, File Server, Print Server, ...
SVTH: Nhm 4
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Data Communication Equipment (DCE): Cc thit b kt ni mng cho php nhn v

chuyn khung trn mng. DCE c th l cc thit b c lp nh Repeter (khng qu
4 Repeter), Switch, Router hoc cc khi giao tip thng tin nh Card mng,
Modem,
Interconnecting Media: Cp c th di nht l 500m v ngn nht l 2.5m. C th s
dng cp xon i, cp ng trc mng, cp ng trc dy, cp si quang.
Ethernet c cc c tnh k thut sau :
Cu hnh truyn thng : C cu trc dng tuyn phn on, ng truyn dng cp
ng trc, tuy nhin mi thnh phn ca n c th l cu trc Star (Star-wired bus).
tn hiu truyn trn mng c m ha theo kiu ng b.
Quy cch k thut 802.3
Vn tc truyn : 10Mbps,100Mbps,..10Gbps
Loi cp : Cp ng trc mnh, cp ng trc dy, cp xon i, cp si quang
Chiu di ti a ca mt on cp tuyn l 500m, cc on tuyn ny c th c kt
ni li bng cch dng cc b chuyn tip v khong cch ln nht cho php gia 2
nt l 2,8km.
S dng tn hiu bng tng c bn, truy xut tuyn hoc tuyn token (token bus),
giao thc l CSMA/CD, d liu chuyn i trong cc gi (64 1518 byte).
Ngy nay, khi nim Ethernet thng c s dng ch mt mng LAN CSMA/CD,
ph hp vi tiu chun 802.3, c im :
Hot ng mc lin kt d liu
Theo nguyn tc CSMA/CD cm bin sng mang c pht hin ng
Thnh phn chnh:
Phn cng mng : Cc thit b ni mng
Giao thc iu khin truy xut ng truyn
Khung Ethernet : n v d liu truyn trn mng

SVTH: Nhm 4
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CHNG II : CHUN IEEE 802

Hnh 1: Cc chun ca Ethernet

II.1. IEEE 802 LAN Standard Family

Hnh 2: Chun IEEE 802.2

II.2. iu khin truy cp phng tin truyn (MAC a ch MAC c 48bit)
Quy nh vic truyn d liu ln phng tin truyn chia s.
Dng khung v nh a ch.
SVTH: Nhm 4
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Lin h vi cc thnh phn vt l c dng truyn thng tin.

II.3. Kim sot kt ni lun l (LLC)
C nhng chc nng kim sot qu trnh truyn thng vi tin cy cao
Lm cu ni cho php giao tip chung
Nhn thng tin t tng mng bn gi v chuyn n cng thch hp ca h thng
ch.
II.4. Ethernet Standards

Hnh 3: Chun IEEE 802.2 trong m hnh TCP/IP

SVTH: Nhm 4
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CHNG III : GIAO THC CSMA/CD

III.1. Gii thiu CSMD/CD
truyn thng tin, mi giao tip mng phi lng nghe cho ti khi khng c tn hiu
trong knh chung, lc ny n mi c th truyn thng tin. Nu mt giao tip mng thc hin
truyn thng tin trong knh th gi l sng v cc trm khc phi ch i cho ti khi s
truyn dn ny kt thc. Qu trnh ny gi l pht hin sng mng.
Mi giao tip Ethernet u c c hi ngang nhau trong vic truyn thng tin trong mng
(a truy nhp). Trong qu trnh truyn t u ny ti u kia ca Ethernet, nhng bt u
tin ca khung cn phi i ti mi vng ca mng. Tc l c th c 2 giao tip mng cng
thy mng ri v gi i cng 1 lc. Khi Ethernet pht hin s va chm v dng vic
truyn v gi li cc khung. l qu trnh pht hin va chm.
Giao thc CSMA/CD c thit k nhm cung cp c hi ngang bng truy nhp knh
chung cho mi trm trong mng. Sau khi gi tin c gi i mi trm trong mng s s
dng giao thc CSMA/CD xem trm no s c gi tip sau.
III.2. Ethernet s dng CSMA/CD
o IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD): tiu chun ny nh ngha cc tnh cht c lin quan ti
tng con MAC. Lp con MAC s dng k thut CSMA/CD nhm gii quyt s xung
t d liu khi truyn trn mng.
o Tiu chun IEEE 802.3 m t cc phng php tn hiu (trn c bng tn c s v
bng tn rng), tc d liu, cc phng tin v cu trc lin kt. Tiu chun ny
quy nh c th cc phng tin truyn dn vt l nh cp xon, cp ng trc v cp
quang.
o Bng tn c s (baseband): dnh ton b bng thng cho mt knh truyn (ch c
mt tn hiu trn ng truyn).
o Bng tn rng (broadband): cho php nhiu knh truyn chia s mt phng tin
truyn dn (chia s bng thng), thng c s dng cp xon, cp quang to
ra nhiu knh truyn d liu.
o Kim sot vic truyn v nhn khung trn mng:
Pht:
Trm pht lng nghe tn hiu trn cp bng cch cm bin sng mng, nu ng cp
rnh, n s pht d liu
SVTH: Nhm 4
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Tip tc kim tra tn hiu pht t cc trm khc: Nu khng c th tip tc pht n
ht d liu v chuyn sang trng thi lng nghe. Nu c ng th pht tn hiu
(Jamming) thng bo cho cc trm khc => dng pht trong 1 khong thi gian, ht
ng , pht tip
Nhn: cc trm u nhn c khung d liu nh nhau
Kim tra kch thc khung phi ln hn kch thc ti thiu (64byte)
Kim tra a ch ca trm khp vi a ch ch trn khung
M CRC (cyclic redundancy check) trong khung hp l
Sau khi kim tra cc iu kin, d liu ca khung s c chuyn cho chng trnh
ng dng mc trn

Hnh 4: Cc trm truy nhp knh

- Mt card mng c th bt u truyn ti bt k thi im no. Nhng n khng truyn
nu cm nhn c rng mt (s) card khc ang truyn l cm nhn sng mng.
- Card mng ang truyn s hy b ngay vic truyn d liu khi n cm nhn c mt
card khc ang truyn l s pht hin xung t.
- Trc khi c gng truyn li, card mng i mt thi on ngu nhin l truy cp
ngu nhin.
III.3. Gii thut CSMA/CD trong Ethernet
Bc 1: Card mng nhn gam d liu t tng mng v to frame.
SVTH: Nhm 4
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Bc 2:Nu cm nhn thy knh truyn ri, n s bt u truyn frame i. Nu cm

nhn thy knh truyn bn, n i khi knh truyn ri v truyn d liu.
Bc 3: Nu card mng truyn xong ton b frame m khng pht hin thy vic
truyn d liu khc no, n xem nh vic truyn frame hon thnh.
Bc 4:Nu card mng pht hin thy c s truyn d liu khc, n s hy b vic
truyn d liu v gi tn hiu bi.
Bc 5: Sau khi hy b vic truyn, card mng bc vo vn hi theo lut s m:
sau ln xung t th m, card mng chn gi tr K ngu nhin t ( 0,1,2,2m-1).
Card mng i K*512 bit times v tr li bc 2
Trong :
+ Tn hiu bi: m bo rng tt c cc trm ang truyn bit c xung t ang
xy ra; 48 bit.
+ Bit time: 1 microsec cho 10 Mbps Ethernet;vi K =1023, thi gian i vo khong
50msec
+ Vn hi theo lut s m:
Mc tiu : thch ng cc n lc truyn li vi ti trng hin ti c c lng
+ Ti nng: thi gian i ngu nhin s l di hn
+ Xung t u tin : chn K t (0,1), tr l K*512 bit times
+ Sau xung t th 2 : chn K t (0,1,2,3..)
+ Sau xung t th 10 : chn K t (0,1,2,3.,1023)

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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CHNG IV : CU TRC KHUNG

B thch ng mng bao gm cc gi d liu IP (hoc gi d liu giao thc tng mng
khc) trong khung Ethernet.

Hnh 5: Frame
Preamble ( Phn m u):
-

7 bytes vi mu bit 10101010 c ni tip bi mt byte vi mu bit 10101011.

c s dng ng b nhp ng h gia bn gi v bn nhn Addresses (a

ch): 6 bytes.

Nu b thch ng mng nhn c mt frame c a ch ch trng vi a ch vt l

ca n, hoc a ch ch l a ch qung b, n s a d liu ln cho giao thc
(c ch) ti tng mng. Nu khng n s loi b khung .

Type : ch giao thc tng trn (network layer), phn ln l IP nhng nhng giao thc
khc cng c th c h tr nh Novell IPX v Apple Talk; cng c th kt hp l Length
<1536.
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check- Kim d vng): c kim tra ti bn nhn, nu pht
hin c li, khung b b
Ethernet-II( DIX 2.0)
7+1
Preamble

Dest.

Source

Address

Address

IEEE 802.3
7
1

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

Type

46-1500

Data

FCS

Dest.

Source

Address

Address

2 64-1500
Length

Preamble StartFrame Delimiter

802.2
Header &FCS
Data

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Preamble

64bit

ng b. Gip xc nh ni bt u khung

Dest.Address

48bit

a ch vt l my s nhn khung d liu

Src.Address

48bit

a ch vt l my pht khung d liu

Type

16bit

Xc nh loi d liu s dng giao thc trn

Data
CRC, FCS

D liu t giao thc mc trn. Ti a1500byte

32bit

M pht hin li trong khung d liu

IV.1. Khun dng khung Ethernet

C bn kiu khun dng d liu khc nhau c s dng trong mng Ethernet bao gm
Ethernet 802.2, Ethernet 802.3, Ethernet II, v Ethernet SNAP. Mi kiu khun dng c
phn khc nhau v chng u c bn trng chung: a ch ngun (source addres), a ch
ch (destination address), d liu (data) v trng kim tra li (error-checking). Cc kiu
khun dng Ethernet c s dng thng thng nht l Ethernet 802.2 v Ethernet 802.3.
Cc khun dng Ethernet c kch thc bin i t ti thiu 64 byte ti ti a 1518 byte.
(Mi khun dng cha thng tin header kch thc 14 byte cng vi trng Frame Check
Sequence chiu di 4 byte. Phn d liu ca khun dng c kch thc bin i t 46 byte
ti ti a 1500 byte. Kch thc tng cng ca frame c tnh ton n gin bng cch
cng kch thc ca tt c cc trng Nu trng d liu ca frame nh hn 46 byte,
frame s c m thm trng pad kch thc ti thiu ca n l 46 byte.
IV.1.1. Ethernet 802.2
Khun dng Ethernet 802.2 l khun dng mc nh c s dng cho mng Novell
Netware 4.x v h iu hnh mng cao hn. Khun dng ny h tr giao thc IPX/SPX
cng nh giao thc TCP/IP v l khun dng Ethernet thng thng nht c s dng
ngy nay. Cc khun dng ny cha mt im truy nhp dch v ch (Destination Service
Access Point - DSAP) v mt im truy nhp dch v ngun (Source Service Access Point SSAP). Mt im truy nhp dch v (Service Access Point - SAP) nh danh mt nt hoc
qu trnh bn trong, m qu trnh ny s dng tng con Logical Link Control ca tng Data
Link. Mi qu trnh xy ra gia nt ngun v nt ch trn mng c mt SAP duy nht.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 6 : nh dng frame Ethernet 802.2

IV.1.2. Ethernet 802.3
Kiu khun dng Ethernet 802.3 l kiu khun dng Novell Netware ban u. N dng
cho cc mng ang s dng Novell Netware 3.12 v cc phin bn thp hn. Ging nh
Ethernet 802.2, kiu khun dng ny cng h tr giao thc IPX/SPX, nhng n khng h
tr cc giao thc khc nh TCP/IP. Khng c cc bit iu khin (DSAP v SSAP) bn trong
khun dng 802.3.

Hnh 7 : nh dng frame Ethernet 802.3

IV.1.3. Ethernet II
Ethernet II l kiu khun dng Ethernet u tin c pht trin bi DEC, Intel v
Xerox. N c pht trin trc chun IEEE 802. N tng t khun dng Ethernet 802.3,
nhng khng cha trng length. Thay th, khun dng Ethernet II cha trng Ethernet
Type, m n cho php phn bit vic s dng cc giao thc IPX/SPX, TCP/IP v AppleTalk.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 8 : nh dng frame Ethernet II

IV.1.4. Ethernet SNAP (Sub-Network Access Protocol)
Ethernet SNAP l mt s iu chnh ca khun dng Ethernet 802.2 v Ethernet II.
Kiu khun dng ny s dng cng cc trng iu khin nh khun dng 802.2
Destination Service Access Point (DSAP) v Source Service Access Point (SSAP). N cng
b sung trng Ethernet Type t khun dng Ethernet II cng thm mt trng khc gi l
trng Organisation ID (OUI). Trng ny nh danh kiu mng m cc khun dng
ang hot ng. Ethernet SNAP th thch hp vi cc giao thc IPX/SPX, TCP/IP v
AppleTalk, nhng khun dng ny him khi c s dng.

Hnh 9 : nh dng frame Ethernet SNAP

Ti tng lin kt d liu, cu trc khung l gn nh ging nhau cho tt c mi tc ca
Ethernet t 10 10000 Mbps.
Ethernet quy nh mt khung (frame) khng t hn 64 octets (bytes) v khng nhiu hn
1518 octets.
IV.2. a ch Ethernet
Mi host trong mt mng Ethernet (tht ra l tt c cc host trn th gii) c mt a ch
Ethernet duy nht. M t mt cch k thut, a ch c gn vo card mng ch khng
phi my tnh; n c ghi vo ROM trn card mng. Cc a ch Ethernet thng c in
SVTH: Nhm 4
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theo th thc m con ngi c th c c: mt dy gm 6 bytes c vit di dng thp

lc phn, cch nhau bi du hai chm :. V d, 80:be:b2 l cch biu din d c ca a
ch Ethernet sau : 00001000 00000000 10110001 11100100 10110001 00000010
m bo rng mi card mng c gn mt a ch duy nht, mi nh sn xut thit
b Ethernet c cp cho mt phn u a ch (prefix) khc nhau. V d, Advanced Micro
Devices c cp phn u di 24 bit x08002 (hay 8:0:2). Nh sn xut ny sau phi
m bo phn ui (suffix) ca cc a ch m h sn xut ra l duy nht.
Mi khung c pht ra Ethernet s c nhn bi tt c cc card mng c ni vi
ng truyn. Mi card mng s so snh a ch ch trong khung vi a ch ca n, v ch
cho vo my tnh nhng khung no trng a ch. a ch duy nht nh vy gi l a ch
unicast. Ngoi ra cn c loi a ch broadcast l loi a ch qung b, c tt c cc bit u
mang gi tr 1. Mi card mng u cho php cc khung thng tin c a ch ch l
broadcast i n host ca n. Cng c mt loi a ch khc gi l multicast, trong ch
mt vi bit u c t l 1. Mt host c th lp trnh iu khin card mng ca n chp
nhn mt s lp a ch multicast. a ch multicast c dng gi thng ip n mt
tp con (subset) cc host trong mng Ethernet.
IV.3. Thut ton truyn
Mi my Ethernet, hay cn gi l my trm, hot ng c lp vi tt c cc trm khc
trn mng, khng c mt trm iu khin trung tm. Tt c cc trm u thy frame truyn.
Mi trm phi kim tra mi frame xc nh xem n c phi l ch ca frame hay khng.
Mi trm u kt ni vi Ethernet thng qua mt ng truyn tn hiu chung cn gi l
ung trung gian. Tn hiu Ethernet c gi theo chui, tng bit mt, qua ng trung
gian ti tt c cc trm thnh vin. gi d liu trc tin trm cn lng nghe xem knh
c ri khng, nu ri th mi gi i cc gi (d liu). C hi tham gia vo truyn l bng
nhau i vi mi trm, tc l khng c s u tin. S thm nhp vo knh chung c
quyt dnh bi nhm iu khin truy nhp trung gian MAC (Medium Access Control) c
t trong mi trm. Khi mt tn hiu trn thit b trung gian Ethernet ti mi node c gn
trn mng, a ch nhn c r rng trong Frame c th nhn din ra ngi nhn.
c t Ethernet ban u c cp n vn collision c th xy ra trn LAN. Khi h
tng mng l dng chung, bt k mt tn hiu in ny cng c truyn dn trn ng
dy cng c th xung t vi mt tn hiu ca mt thit b khc. Khi hai hoc nhiu
Ethernet frame chng lp ln ng truyn mt thi im no , collision xy ra.
SVTH: Nhm 4
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Collision s dn n cc li bit v mt frame (bit error). c t ca Ethernet nh ngha

thut ton CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) gii
quyt nhng collisions khng th trnh khi. CSMA/CD s gip gim thiu s collisions
nhng khi n xy ra, CSMA/CD s ch ra vic cc my gi d liu s nhn ra collision v
truyn li frame nh th no.
IV.4. Ethernet Dch v phi kt ni, khng tin cy
Phi kt ni : khng bt tay gia b thch ng bn gi v nhn.
Khng tin cy : b thch ng mng bn nhn khng gi tin bo nhn / khng nhn
(ACK hay NACK) n b thch ng mng bn gi.
+ Dng ca cc gam d liu c chuyn ln cho tng mng c th c cc khong trng.
+ Cc khong trng ny s c lp nu ng dng s dng TCP tng vn chuyn. Nu
khng th ng dng s thy cc khong trng (x l hay khng ty n).
IV.5. Cc loi a ch khung Ethernet
a ch Unicast : c dng khi 1 trm mun truyn khung n trm khc trn mng
(1-1). Khi vng a ch ngun v ch l a ch ca cc trm.
a ch Broadcast : dng khi 1 trm mun truyn khung n tt c cc trm khc trn
mng (1-n). Khi vng a ch ch c tt c cc bit l (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF)
a ch Multicast : c dng khi 1 trm mun truyn khung n trm khc trn 1
mng con (subnet). Khi vng a ch c 3 byte u tin l 01:00:5E, cc byte
cn li l a ch nhm
IV.6. Cc loi li trn khung Ethernet

Runts: Kch thc khung < 64 bytes, khung s b hy

Nguyn nhn: thng do ng , nhiu hoc dy tip xc km

Bad CRC: xy ra khi khung my thu khng ging vi khung pht i my pht.

CRC cng khc nhau

Long : Kch thc khung nhn c : 1518-> 6000 bytes

Nguyn nhn : phn cng, phn mm mng trn trm pht c vn

Giant : kch thc khung nhn c > 6000 bytes

Nguyn nhn : phn cng, phn mm mng trn trm pht c vn

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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CHNG V : CC MNG V THIT B ETHERNET

V.1. Cc mng Ethernet
Tn gi ca

Tn gi
10Base5
10Base2
10BaseT
10BaseFL
100BaseTx
100BaseT4
100BaseT2
100BaseFx
100BaseFx
1000BaseSx

lp con MAC
802.3
802.3
802.3
802.3
802.3u
802.3u
802.3u
802.3u
802.3u
802.3z

Khong cch ti a Loi cp

500m
185 m
100 m
2000 m
100 m
100 m
100 m
400/2000 m
10,000m
220-550m

1000BaseLx 802.3z

3000m

1000BaseCx 802.3z
1000BaseT 802.3ab

25m
100m

50-Ohm thick coaxial cable

50-Ohm thin coaxial cable
Category 3, 4, or 5 UTP
Fiber
Category 5 UTP
Category 3 UTP
Category 3, 4, or 5 UTP
Multimode fiber
Single-mode fiber
Multimode fiber
Single-mode or multimode
fiber
Shielded copper
Category 5 UTP

Cc chun mng Ethernet :

10Base-5-Thicknet

10Base-2-Thinnet

10Base-T

Fast Ethernet :
100Base-TX
100Base-FX

Gigabit Ethernet :
1000Base-CX
1000Base-LX
1000Base-SX

V.2. Mng 10Base-5-Thick Ethernet (Thicknet)

- Thng s k thut:
Cp

ng trc cng (10mm)

Tc truyn ti a

10Mbps

Chiu di ti a 1 segment

500 m

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Khong cch ti thiu gia 2 trm

2,5m

Cu hnh ln nht

2500 m (5 on, 4 repeater)

S trm lm vic ti a

1000 (200 trm/segment)x 5 seg

-Thit b kt ni:
+ Cp ng trc cng (RG-8)
+ Cp AUI (Attachment Unit Interface) : cp giao tip ni gia card mng v ng trc
cp chnh.
Chiu di cp ti a 50m, s dng u ni DB-15.
+ Tranceiver : Thit b chuyn i t u DB-15 ca cp AUI sang trc cp chnh.
Kim tra tn hiu CSMA/CD.
+ Tranceiver Tap: u kim loi trn Tranceiver cho php gn Tranceiver vo trc cp
chnh
V.2.1 Cp ng trc cng RG-8

Hnh 10 : Cp ng trc cng RG-8

-

Tranceiver

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 11 : Tranceiver
V.2.2. M hnh mng 10Base-5

Hnh 12 : M hnh mng 10Base-5

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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V.3. Mng 10Base-2( di mt on mng di xp x 200m) -Thin Ethernet (Thinnet)

- Thng s k thut:
Cp

ng trc mm (5mm)

Tc truyn ti a

10Mbps

Chiu di ti a 1 segment

185 m

Khong cch ti thiu gia 2 trm

0,5m

Cu hnh ln nht

925 m (5 on, 4 repeater)

S trm lm vic ti a

150 (30 trm/segment)x 5 seg

- Thit b kt ni:
+ Cp ng trc mm li nhiu si hoc 1 li.
+ Card mng : giao tip gia my tnh v cp mng.
+ Chuyn i t u DB-15 ca cp AUI sang trc cp chnh.
Kim tra tn hiu CSMA/CD.
+ BNC : u ni cp dng BNC
+ BNC-T : Ni gia card mng v cp ni c dng ch T
+ Terminator : in tr kt thc ni vo u BNC-T ca 2 card mng cui cng
V.3.1. Cp ng trc mm li nhiu si (RG-58A/U) hoc 1 li (RG-58/U)

Hnh 13 : Cu to ca cp ng trc RG-58

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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V.3.2. Card mng

Hnh 14 : Card mng

V.3.3. u ni BNC

Hnh 15 : u ni BNC

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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V.3.4. u ni BNC-T

Hnh 16 : u ni BNC-T
V.3.5. Terminator

Hnh 17 : Terminator
V.4. Mng 10Base-T: Twisted-Pair Ethernet
- Thng s k thut

Cp

Xon khng c v bc (UTP)

Tc truyn ti a

10Mbps

Chiu di ti a 1 segment

100 m

S Hub kt ni

- Thit b kt ni:
+ Cp xon UTP 3 (4 cp dy xon)
+ u ni RJ-45 : kt ni cp vi card mng v cp vi Hub
+ Hub (B tp trung) : khi 1 trm pht 1 gi tin n Hub, Hub s chuyn gi tin n tt
c cc cng khc
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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V.4.1. Cp UTP : Unshielded Twisted Pair

Hnh 18 : Cp UTP v u ni RJ-45

V.4.2. Hub
- Mt trm pht 1 gi tin n Hub, n s chuyn gi tin n tt c cc cng khc
- C th m rng mng hnh sao bng cch ghp nhiu Hub tng s cng giao tip
vi my trm.
- Cp ni gia cc Hub c ni thng qua cng Uplink

Hnh 19 : Kt ni cc hub
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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`
`

Hub

Hnh 20 : Kt ni hub vi cc thit b

V.4.3. M hnh mng Ethernet 10Base-T

Hnh 21 : Mng Ethernet 10Base-T

V.5. Fast Ethernet
-

Ethernet tc cao

Tp tiu chun Ethernet s dng cho mng LAN vi tc c truyn 100Mbps

S dng phng php CSMA/CD

Cng dng khung d liu ging Ethernet 10Mbps

- Tc nhanh hn 10Base-T nh Switch (thay cho Hub)

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hot n g: 1 trm pht 1 khung, Switch s chuyn n ng port (ng a ch ch

trn khung) => cng 1 lc c th c nhiu trm pht m khng gy ra ng (khc
vi Hub)

Cc tiu chun ca Fast Ethernet l:

+ 100Base-TX : gm 100Base-T, 100Base-4T
+ 100Base-FX

u im:
-

Tng thch vi Ethernet nn d tch hp vo LAN 10Mbps

Pht trin da trn Ethernet 10Mbps => khng cn u t thm cho thit b

C th truyn d liu m thanh, hnh nh, video vi tc cao gp 10 ln Ethernet

=> p ng nhiu yu cu a dng ca LAN

D nng cp v tch hp vi Ethernet 10Mbps nh cc b chuyn mch t ng

nhn

V.5.1 Fast Ethernet : 100Base-TX

- Thng s k thut
Cp

UTP Cat 5

Tc truyn ti a

100Mbps

Chiu di ti a 1 segment

100 m

Khong cch ti a gia trm -Hub/Switch

100m

Khong cch ti a gia Hub-Switch

225m

IEEE-spec

802.3u

- M hnh mng Ethernet: 100Base-TX

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 22 : Mng Ethernet 100Base-TX

V.5.2. Fast Ethernet: 100Base-FX
- Thng s k thut
Cp

Fiber

Tc truyn ti a

100Mbps

Chiu di ti a 1 seg full duplex

2000m

Chiu di ti a 1 seg half duplex

412m

Khong cch ti a gia trm -Hub/Switch

412m

Khong cch ti a gia cc Repeater

20km(m.mode),10km(sm)

IEEE-spec

802.3u

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 22 : Mng Ethernet 100Base-FX

V.6. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE)
S dng cp quang
Tc truyn 1Gbps
Dng lm trc chnh ni cc LAN Fast Ethernet
Mt s chun :
1000Base-CX
1000Base-LX
1000Base-SX
V.6.1 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) : 1000Base-CX
c xy dng da trn chun 802.3z
S dng cp xon STP
Khong cch truyn ti a gia trm v GbE Switch/Hub l 25m
Thng s dng kt ni gia Switch Switch; Switch Server
V.6.2. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) : 1000Base-LX
c xy dng da trn chun 802.3z
S dng cp quang a mode hoc n mode
Tn hiu truyn trn cp l tn hiu laser, =1300nm (di)
Ch truyn song cng trn cp quang 2 li
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Chiu di segment ti a ph thuc vo cht lng cp

Loi cp

Chiu di Segment

n mode 10m

10km

a mode 50m

550m

a mode 62,5m

440m

Thng s dng kt ni gia Switch Switch; Switch Server

V.6.3. Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) : 1000Base-SX
c xy dng da trn chun 802.3z
S dng cp quang a mode
Tn hiu truyn trn cp l tn hiu laser, =850nm (ngn)
Ch truyn song cng trn cp quang 2 li
Chiu di segment ti a ph thuc vo cht lng cp
Loi cp

Chiu di Segment

a mode 50m

500m

a mode 62,5m

420m

Thng s dng kt ni gia cc Hub tc cao; Ethernet Switch hoc Router.

V.6.4. Cc mng Ethernet : 1000Base-SX-LX(fiber)

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 22 : Mng Ethernet 1000Base-SX-LX

V.7. Media Access Control (MAC)
K thut Shared-media broadcast
MAC trong Ethernet thc hin ba chc nng sau :
+ Gi v nhn cc Frame
+ Kim tra a ch MAC xem c hp l khng trc khi chuyn ln tng trn
(OSI) x l tip
+ Kiu tra xem FRAME c li hay khng
A CH MAC
Cn gi l Ethernet address
a ch lp 2 Data Link, gm 6 byte = 48 bit, thng c biu din bng 12 s
hexa (c s 16), trong 24 bit u l m s ca cng ty sn xut Card mng
(cisco, 3com, planet,); cn 24 bit sau l s seri ca tng Card mng i vi mt
hng sn xut.
V d: 00-0B-CD-33-26-9D
- Thit b no cn MAC Address ?
Layer 2 tr ln (bridge, switch, NIC).
- Xem MAC Address trn Windows
winipcfg (Win9x), ipconfig/all (Win2K,XP)
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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To Internet
Ethernet Switch/Hub
Broadband
Modem
D4-47-55-C4-B6-9F
Server

Access Router

A1-44-D5-1F-AA-4C
Client

B2-CD-13-5B-E4-65
Client

C3-2D-55-3B-A9-4F
Server

Hnh 22 : M hnh kt ni Ethernet ti cc thit b

CHNG VI : NG DNG CA ETHERNET

VI.1. S dng Ethernet cho cc h thng an ninh gim st din rng vi tin cy cao
Ngy cng c nhiu t chc m bo an ninh cho chnh mnh bng cch ng dng cc
h thng an ninh gim st v h thng kim sot vo ra in t cho c s vt cht, h tng.
Cc h thng ny, c cng cng v t gia, pht trin rm r trong nhng nm gn y.
Cc h thng gim st ny c th c s dng trong cc cm vn phng, khu cng
nghip, trng i hc, cc siu th bn l, h thng giao thng cng cng, nhng ni m an
ninh c t ln hng u.
Cng vi s hin din rng ri cc sn phm an ninh, trong c camera, h thng
thng tin lin lc, cc thit b kim sot vo ra, cc h thng bo ng v iu khin l
chng ngy cng c kt cu phc tp. Thch thc t ra u tin l m bo rng tt c
cc thit b s dng chung mt nn tng truyn thng. Ethernet l s la chn ng nhin.
y l mt giao thc truyn thng c chng minh c kh nng cung cp dch v nhanh
ng tin cy. m bo tin cy ti a, cn xem xt cn thn cu trc lin kt mng,
bng thng thch hp v c h thng d phng.
VI.1.1. Cu trc lin kt hnh sao
Cu hnh lin kt mng sao lun l phng php thit k mt cu trc lin kt mng bo
mt quy m nh vi kh nng truy cp khng dy hiu qu nht. N l mt thit k rt n
gin cho php s dng cc thit b chuyn mch khng qun l ti hin trng c gn
SVTH: Nhm 4
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trc tip vi chuyn mch trung tm vi mt bng ni a nng. Cng quang trong v d ny
c th c s dng kt ni cc chuyn mch hin trng vi khong cch ti 80 KM k
t trm gim st. Chuyn mch cp ngun qua Ethernet (PoE) ti hin trng s cung cp c
kh nng giao tip v ngun cho cc thit b c kh nng cp ngun PoE qua cp CAT5.

Hnh 23 : Cu trc lin kt hnh sao

Hnh 24 m t mt cu trc lin kt vng d phng in hnh c s dng cho mt h
thng thng tin lin trng i hc. H thng ny bao gm cc im kim sot vo ra ca
ta nh, cc im truy cp khng dy n cc khu vc cng cng v t nhn trn khp
khun vin trng v gim st ti sn thng qua camera IP.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 24 : Cu trc lin kt dng vng

VI.1.2. Cu trc lin kt vng
Vng lin kt quang gigabit m bo s cch in gia cc ta nh ng thi mang n
bng thng thch hp h tr camera v cc im truy cp wireless. Cu trc lin kt vng
cng cung cp cc cng giao tip d phng trong trng hp mt ng lin kt si quang.
Vic gim st h thng c thc hin thng qua chuyn mch trin khai trong vng.
Cc thit b ny s dng hoc giao thc hnh cy m rng nhanh (RSTP) hoc giao thc
iu khin vng c quyn tc cao nh N-Ring ca N-TRON gi cc
gi heartbeat Ethernet ti cc thit b quanh vng. Cng c qun l vng c ch nh s
kha mt trong nhng cng ca lin kt ny, do tt c cc dng d liu ngoi tr gi
heartbeat, s c truyn qua cng khc.
Cc vng khng c kim tra s to ra hin tng nhiu mng lm ngt mi kt ni.
Cc gi heartbeat c php i qua cc cng b chn v c nh thi bi cng c qun l
vng nhm m bo vng lin kt khng b nh hng. Cng c qun l vng pht hin s
c trong h thng nu cc gi heartbeat khng c nhn ng thi gian. N s m cng b
chn ngay tc th.
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 25 cho thy hnh nh t trnh duyt web N-TRON N-Ring ch bnh thng
v mc nh. Trng thi li c biu th bng mu v s xc nh v tr ca s c lin
kt. Trong trng hp ny, s c xut hin gia chuyn mch 1, cng A2 v chuyn mch 2,
cng A2.

Hnh 25: Trng thi vng qun l N-Ring qua trnh duyt WEB
VI.1.3. Cc ng dng gim st mng
Chuyn mch c qun l N-TRON cung cp cng c gim st OPC-based (OLE cho
iu khin qu trnh) s thng bo c trn 40 thng s hot ng khc nhau trn tng cng
v trn tng 10 cng. Phn mm OPC, N-View, c th c s dng nh mt cng c gim
st c lp hoc c th tch hp vo hu ht cc h thng HMI Windows-based v SCADA.
Mt v v in hnh c th c thy trong hnh 26.
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 26: Gim st chuyn mch SCADA s dng N-Tron, N-View OPC.
VI.1.4. Thng s k thut chuyn mch
Chuyn mch trong cc ng dng ny c u tin cho nhng yu cu v mi trng
m khng th c trong cc thit b IT thng thng. Chng thng tip xc vi iu kin
mi trng khc nghit v phi cung cp dch v lin tc trong nhng khong thi gian di.
Ch c cc thit b bn nht, c chng nhn mi c s dng cho trng hp ny.
Cc thng s k thut sau y v mi trng v v tin cy cn c xem xt :
Di nhit hot ng t -40 n 80 C

200g sc

50g rung
Chng qu p ESD16 KV
Thi gian trung bnh gia 2 s c (MTBF) 1.000.000 gi
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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VI.1.5. ng dng cho trm cp cu

Thit b chuyn mch bn c vai tr rt quan trng i vi cc h thng bo ng cp
cu nh n cng an, trm cu ha v trm y t. Thit b ny thng c s dng trong
cc trng i hc, cc trung tm thng mi, cng vin v cc khu vui chi gii tr cng
nh cc khu th khc. Hnh 27 cung cp hnh nh ca ng dng ny. Trong trng hp
ny, h thng s s dng thit b c in p 24 VDC vi thit b d phng l mt UPS DC
d phng ngun in trong trng hp cp in.

Hnh 27 : Trm cp cu
Cc thnh phn ca mt trm cp cu
o Chuyn mch gigabit c qun l vi kh nng qun l vng v gim st OPC tc
cao.
o Modun vo ra t xa MODBUS TCP/IP vi ng h thi gian thc. Thnh phn ny
cho php nhn vin an ninh iu khin ci bo ng, nh sng hot nghim v n ti
mt v tr xa. Modun ny cng gi mt tin nhn ti trung tm iu khin khi nt
cnh bo c n hoc khi b lu in UPS gp s c.
o My lin lc IP s dng cho giao tip 2 chiu khn cp vi nhn vin an ninh.
o Camera IP gim st khu vc.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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o Truy cp khng dy IEEE 802.11 a, b, d, n cung cp dch v khng dy cho khu vc

xung quanh.
o n LED c s dng lm sng trm cp cu.
o n bo ng s dng cnh bo khn cp.
o Nt n bo ng gi tn hiu ti nhn vin anh ninh khi c mt ca cp cu n
o

Ngun cp 24 VDC.

o UPS DC v sc pin 12 VDC (xem PULS UB10.241).

o Pin sc 12 VDC
VI.1.6. Cc trm kt ni
Cc trm ny thng c bo mt v lin kt vi nhau thng qua mt cu trc lin kt
si quang tc cao. Cc cp quang v b bin nng trn mi chuyn mch phi tng
thch. Lin kt vi khong cch nh hn 300 mt c th s dng cp si quang a ch v
b bin nng mi u ca nt ny.
Lin kt trn 300 mt nn s dng si cp quang ch n v b chuyn i ch
n. Lu , hai si cp quang khng tng thch do mng cn c thit lp vi li
khuyn ny.
Vic la chn cp phi c thc hin vi s t vn ca nh cung cp vi s hiu bit
y v cch thc cp s c trin khai v khong cch chnh xc gia mi lin kt. Cc
nh cung cp chuyn mch nn bit chng loi v di ca cp h c th cung cp cc
bin nng thch hp cho cc ng dng.
VI.1.7. Mng lin kt vng ln hoc nhiu vng
Nhng khu vc a l ln hn c th yu cu mt gii php lin kt nhiu vng. Hnh
28 m t bn vng lin kt N-Ring tc cao c gn vo mt mng trung tm iu khin
tp trung chy RSTP.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 28: Mng 4 vng lin kt N-Ring

Loi cu trc lin kt ny phi c tnh ton cn thn do ton b cc thit b lin quan
ti mt h thng. Hai yu t quan trng cn thit hon thnh h thng ny l bng thng
tng xng v cc a ch IP iu khin khi thit b.
Vn bng thng c th c gii quyt bng cch hn ch s lng thit b trn mng
hoc s dng cc trm gim st ring bit cho mi vng. My ch c th c cu hnh
cung cp bng thng ln hn thng qua vic s dng nhiu card giao tip mng (NIC), mi
card s dng cho mi vng. Cc mng ln hn c th cn thm cc a ch IP hn l 254 a
ch c sn trong mt mng con.
Nhng h thng ny cng c th cn phi phn on cc khu vc an nnh vo cc mng
ring bit s dng cc mng ni b o (VLAN) do cc a ch IP c th c ti s dng
trong tng khu vc. Chc nng N-Tron VLAN cho php thit lp tng cng trong mt
chuyn mch thnh tng a ch VLAN ring. Chuyn mch trong cu trc lin kt vng
iu khin chnh c th c s dng phn on mng thnh cc mng VLAN. Cu hnh
ny cho php s dng gp i cc a ch IP trong tng mng VLAN.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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VI.1.8. Cc giao thc khc cn xem xt

Cht lng dch v (QoS) cho php hi thoi qua IP v video thng qua vic u tin gi
IP. Cc ng dng ny yu cu QoS cung cp li thoi v video m khng c nhng khong
trng trong cung cp do s chm tr m gi tin trn mng. Hu ht cc camera IP v cc h
thng my lin lc s dng phng php gi tin hng lot i hi mi chuyn mch trong
mng c kh nng truyn cc tin ny hp l s dng giao thc qun l nhm internet
(IGMP Snooping). Chuyn mch c qun l N-Tron t ng s dng IGMP Snooping
qun l cc nhm tin nhn c to ra t thit b ny.
Bi v cc h thng ny chy phn mm s dng cc a ch IP ca thit b hin trng
giao tip (v d, xem ngun cp d liu my nh, gi my lin lc, vv), mt s thay
i v a ch c ngha l cp nht cho phn mm h thng. Vn ny c th trnh c
nu chuyn mch Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Option 82 Relay c s
dng ti a ch gc.
DHCP Server v cc chuyn mch Option 82 Relay c th c cu hnh cung cp
a ch IP c th cho thit b c th c kt ni vi mt cng ca mt chuyn mch Option
82 Relay. iu ny cho php thay th cc thit b IP nh my nh hoc h thng lin lc d
dng, bi v thit b mi ny c t ng s dng a ch IP ging nh thit b trc .
VI.2. Mng Ethernet th ( Metro Ethernet)
Metro Ethernet l mt mng my tnh da trn chun Ethernet v mng ny bao ph
mt th. N thng c dng nh l mt mng truy nhp metropolitan kt ni cc
thu bao v cc doanh nghip n mt mng WAN (Wide Area Network), ging nh mng
Internet. Nhng doanh nghip ln thng s dng Metro Ethernet kt ni cc chi nhnh
vo mng Intranet ca h.
Ethernet l mt k thut ni bt trong thp k. Mt giao tip Ethernet r hn giao tip
SDH hoc PDH c cng bng thng. Ethernet cng h tr bng thng vi cht lng cao
m cht lng ny th khng c trong cc kt ni SDH truyn thng. Mt u im khc bit
ca mt mng truy nhp da Ethernet l n c th d dng kt ni n mng khch hng,
bi v s thng dng ca Ethernet trong cng ty v gn y l cc mng khu dn c. Do ,
Ethernet c a vo mng MAN mang li tin ch ln cho c nh cung cp dch v v
khch hng.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Hnh 29 : H thng Metro Ethernet

Mt mng Metro Ethernet cung cp dch v c trng l mt tp hp ca Layer 2 hoc
3, cc b switch hoc router kt ni thng qua cp quang. Topology c th l ring, hnh sao
(star), hnh li hon ton hoc li cc b. Mng cng c cu trc : li (core), phn phi
v truy nhp. Mng li trong hu ht cc trng hp l mt backbone IP/MPLS hin c,
nhng c th tch ra mt dng Ethernet Transport mi hn vi tc 10G hoc 100G.
Ethernet trong mng MAN c th dng nh mng thun Ethernet, Ethernet qua SDH,
Ethernet qua MPLS hoc Ethernet qua DWDM. Trin khai mng da trn thun Ethernet th
r tin nhng km tin cy v kh m rng, nh vy n thng gii hn trong phm vi hp
hoc trong nghin cu pht trin. Trin khai mng da trn SDH th hu ch hn khi nhiu
ni c sn h tng SDH, cng l nhc im chnh do mt i tnh mm do trong
qun l bng thng do cu trc cng nhc ca mng SDH. S trin khai da trn mng
MPLS th t tin nhng tin cy v kh nng m rng v c bit s dng cho cc nh
cung cp dch v ln.
MAN Ethernet ang c trin khai trn ton cu h tr nhiu loi ng dng v dch
v thuc th h mng k tip (Next Generation Network NGN). Di y l mt s ng
dng tiu biu.
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Dch v cho doanh nghip

i vi khch hng l cc doanh nghip, vic cung cp cc dch v v phng thc kt
ni tc cao v n nh l rt quan trng v nhng khch hng ny cn s dng rt nhiu
bng thng cho cc hot ng mng ca h. N cng phi tng thch vi h thng mng
LAN hin hu ca doanh nghip.
MAN Ethernet c th tha mn nhng nhu cu mi ca doanh nghip nh : kt ni cc
doanh nghip vi nhau, kt ni doanh nghip vi khch hng v nh cung cp; thit lp
mng ring o; cung cp cc dch v a truyn thng bng thng rng; v h tr cc dch v
ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian (Time Division Multiplexing TDM).
Dch v Triple Play cho ngi s dng c nhn
Nhu cu v thng tin, gii tr ca ngi s dng c nhn ngy cng tng khin dch
v Triple Play truyn ti d liu, thoi v phim nh trn mt mng IP vi cht lng cao
tr thnh mt trong nhng dch v m cc nh cung cp cn phi trin khai duy tr th
trng a dng ny.
MAN Ethernet ang t th sn sng tha mn nhng nhu cu ny ca ngi s dng
c nhn. Khi cc dch v cho doanh nghip c trin khai trong MEN ngy cng t c
nhiu thnh cng, vic truy cp ca ngi s dng c nhn vo mi dch v Ethernet bng
thng rng cng s c ci thin ng k.
Dch v di ng
S thm nhp ca in thoi di ng ang t n mc bo ha mt s vng trn th
gii v s gia tng cnh tranh trong lnh vc ny khin cc nh iu hnh mng di ng
phi lm sao gim chi ph iu hnh nhng vn bo m p ng cc nhu cu v dch v a
dng, bng thng rng, cht lng cao ca ngi tiu dng. MAN Ethernet l mt trong
nhng gii php thch hp cho h. N l mt s la chn ph hp cho khu vc th trong
xu hng tt yu ca qu trnh pht trin c s h tng vin thng da trn NGN. Nhiu nh
iu hnh ang c k hoch trin khai gii php ny nhng khu vc th, ni c
nhng h thng truy cp Ethernet.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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CHNG VII : KT LUN

Ethernet l cng ngh mng LAN ph bin v thnh cng nht trong 30 nm gn y
hay cn gi l cng ngh thng tr trong mng cc b LAN: Cng ngh LAN c s
dng rng ri u tin, n gin hn v r hn so vi cc cng ngh LAN dng th bi
(token) v ATM ( Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Lun theo kp trong cuc ua tc :10,
100, 1000, 10000 Mbps
VII.1. L do cho s thnh cng ca Ethernet
S thnh cng ca Ethernet l do cc nhn t chnh sau:
-

S n gin v d dng trong vic duy tr

Kh nng kt hp cc cng ngh mi

tin cy cao

Chi ph cho s lp t v nng cp l thp

Cho hiu nng cao

Di thng ca mng c th c tng ln m khng cn phi thay i cng ngh nn

tng

VII.2. Tng lai ca Ethernet

Hnh 30 : M hnh pht trin Ethernet

Ethernet v ang i qua mt cuc cch mng t cng ngh Legacy -> Fast -> Gigabit
-> MultiGigabit.
-

Tng lai ca mi trng mng bao gm:

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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+ Cp ng trc (tc ln n 1000Mbps)

+ Khng dy (ang tin n 100Mbps)
+ Cp quang (trn 10.000 Mbps)
VII.3. u im ca cng ngh Ethernet
Cng ngh Ethernet v Gigabit Ethernet c nhng u im ni bt l :
Cng ngh Ethernet c kh nng h tr rt tt cho ng dng truyn ti d liu tc
cao v c c tnh lu lng mng tnh t bin v tnh bng n.
C cu truy nhp CSMA/CD cng ngh Ethernet cho php truyn ti lu lng vi
hiu xut bng thng v thng lng truyn ti ln.
Thun li trong vic kt ni cung cp dch v cho khch hng. Khng i hi khch
hng phi thay i cng ngh, thay i hoc nng cp mng ni b, giao din kt ni.
Theo thng k, c ti 95% lu lng pht sinh bi cc ng dng truyn ti d liu l
lu lng Ethernet. iu ny xut pht t thc t l hu ht cc mng truyn d liu
ca cc c quan, t chc (mng LAN, MAN, mng Intranet) hin ti u c xy
dng trn c s cng ngh Ethernet.
S ph bin ca cng ngh Ethernet ti tng truy cp mng ca m hnh TCP/IP s
to iu kin rt thun li cho vic kt ni h thng vi tng thch cao nu nh
xy dng mt mng da trn c s cng ngh Ethernet. iu ny s dn ti vic
gim ng k chi ph u t xy dng mng.
Mng xy dng trn c s cng ngh Ethernet c kh nng m rng v nng cp d
dng do c tnh ca cng ngh ny l chia s chung tin ch bng thng truyn dn
v khng thc hin c cu ghp knh phn cp.
Hu ht cc giao thc, giao din truyn ti ng dng trong cng ngh Ethernet
c chun ha (h giao thc IEEE.802.3). Phn ln cc thit b mng Ethernet ca
cc nh sn xut u tun theo cc tiu chun trong h tiu chun ni trn. Vic
chun ha ny to iu kin kt ni d dng, tng thch kt ni cao gia cc thit
b ca cc nh sn xut khc nhau.
Qun l mng n gin.
VII.4. Nhc im ca cng ngh Ethernet
Nu ch xt cng ngh Ethernet mt cch c lp, bn thn cng ngh ny tn ti mt s
nhc im sau y :
SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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Cng ngh Ethernet ph hp vi cu trc mng theo kiu cu trc mng hnh cy m
khng ph hp vi cu trc mng ring (dng vng). iu ny xut pht t vic cng ngh
Ethernet thc hin chc nng nh tuyn trn c s thut ton nh tuyn phn on hnh
cy (Spanning-Tree Algorithm); l mt trong nhng thut ton nh tuyn quan trng p
dng trong mng Ethernet. C th l thut ton nh tuyn phn on hnh cy trong nhiu
trng hp s thc hin chn mt vi phn on tuyn trong ring, iu ny s lm gim
dung lng bng thng lm vic ca vng ring.
Thi gian thc hin bo v phc hi ln. iu ny cng xut pht t nguyn nhn l thut
ton nh tuyn phn on hnh cy c thi gian hi t di hn nhiu so vi thi gian hi
phc i vi c ch bo v ca vng ring (tiu chun l 50 ms).
Khng ph hp cho vic truyn ti loi hnh ng dng c c tnh lu lng nhy cm
vi s thay i v tr truyn ti (jitter) v c tr (latency) ln. Cha thc hin chc nng
m bo cht lng dch v (QoS) cho nhng dch v cn truyn ti c yu cu v QoS
(Quality of Service).
VII.5. Kh nng p dng
Cng ngh Ethernet c th ph hp trin khai cho vic xy dng lp mng li truy
nhp, m bo thc hin chc nng thu gom dch v, tch hp dch v ti tng truy cp
mng. iu ny tnh kh thi do tnh tng thch cao v giao din kt ni v cng ngh i
vi khch hng v nh ni trn, mng Ethernet c trin khai hu ht i vi cc
mng ni b. Vic p dng cng ngh Ethernet phn lp mng no cn ph thuc vo qui
m, phm vi ca mng cn xy dng v cn ph thuc vo cu trc mng c la chn
ph hp vi mng cn xy dng.

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Trc Quang Ha Nguyn Tin Tng (2009) .Giao din truyn thng iu khin vi
Ethernet.
[2] Trang web www.diendantinhoc.com
[3] Trang web www.vn-zoom.com

SVTH: Nhm 4
Lp HP: MANTT_02

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