1) Anterior hypothalamus lesions cause insomnia because the
suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates circadian rhythm and the ventral lateral per-optic nucleus inhibits arousal systems (note here that the histaminergic, serotinergic and adrenergic systems are arousing systems, thats why anti-histamines and SSRIs and SNRIs are sedating) 2) Posterior lateral hypothalamus lesions cause hypersomnia because oretin/hypocretin neurons stimulate BS nuclei for arousal and thereby regulate REM sleep. Since it causes arousal, therefore Belsomra or suvorexant which is an orexin blocker can help treat insomnia. The other nucleus is the tubulomamillary nucleus 3) Lat lesion become thin 4) Medial lesion become fat