4.

(Design of Pile Foundation)

4.1 (Load Transfer)


(Skin Friction) (End Bearing) 15

15

(Downward
Load) 1 4
+ -

(1)

(2)

(3)
+

(4)

Pa = (Allowable Downward Axial Load)

Pe = (End Bearing Capacity)

Ps = (Skin Friction Capacity)

Wf = (Buoyancy)
qe = (Net Unit End Bearing Resistance)
Ae =
fs = (Unit Skin Friction Resistance)
As =
F = (Factor of Safety)

(Effective Stress)
4
( ) 4 5
(5)


5 10 .

(Uplift Load)
6
+
Pau = (Net Allowable Upward Axial Load)
R = (Reduction Factor)

(6)

 Wf Wf
(Submerged Weight) D/B 6 R 1 D/B
6 16
D/B 6 7 1

16
(Cone Breakout Zone)

= =

(7)

=
=
= (Undrained Shear Strength)

= (Vertical Effective Stress)

17 (Cohesive Soil)
8 6 10
(Cohesionless Soil)
11

 17

(8)
(9)

(10)

Pub =
su =
D

= (Total Stress)

Bb =
Bs =
+
Pau =
Nu = (Breakout Factor) 18
Ab =

(11)

 18 Nu 11

4.2 (Factor of Safety)

1)
2)
3)
4)
5) (Full-scale Load Test)
6)
7)

3
1) Monumental Structure 100
2) Permanent Structure 25 100

3) Temporary Structure 25

 (Control)
1) Good Control

2) Normal Control

3) Poor Control

4) Very Poor Control

1
1

1.5 2 1

4.3 (Driven Pile Bearing Capacity)



(Ae)
(As) (Soil Plug)
19
H (Half Plugged)
(Fully Plugged)

19

(Cohesionless Soil)
(Clean Sand) (Cohesive Soil) (Saturated
Clay)
4.3.1
4.3.1.1
(Excess
Pore Water Pressure) (Drained
Strength)

 (Net End Bearing Capacity, )

20 Nq

21

 Terzaghi N
B Nq Nq

Nq 20 Terzaghi
Nq

21
Vesic
(Rigidity Index, Ir) 12 Ir 10 400 Ir
(General Shear Failure) Ir
(Compressibility) (Local or Punching
Shear Failure)
(12)

E = (Modulus of Elasticity)
p

= ( oi o

io)

=
=
,

13

= * +

(13)

B =
* *
, = (Bearing Capacity Factor) 22 23

=
(Submerged Unit Weight, sub)

 22

23

Coyle and Castello (Empirical Method)

16
,

24

lb/ft2
24 ,
Coyle and Castello

 (Unit Skin Friction, )

5 10
. 14
=

(14)

()
(Soil-pile Interface Friction Angle)

s/ 2

2 s/

( )

15 K (Coefficient of Lateral Earth

Pressure) (Coefficient of Lateral

Earth Pressure at Rest, K0) 3 14
16 K0 1 sin
(15)
(16)

 3 K/K0

K0
(Overconsolidation Ratio, OCR) 25 OCR
K0

25
K0 Pressure Meter Test (PMT)
Dilatometer (DMT) K0 17
K0 = (1- sin )OCRsin

(17)

17 OCR K
s

18 14

19 ( Method) (Backcalculation)

 20 (Relative
Density, Dr)
= Ktan

(18)
(19)

= 0.18 + 0.65Dr

(20)

Coyle and Castello 26

26 , Coyle and Castello

 1 10 . 400 . 18 .
27
Poor Coyle and Castello

27
1
Coyle and Castello

N60

= 18.0 21.0 kN/m3

N60 23
=

36
24 D/B = 18/0.4 = 45 10,300 kPa
( )
= ,

= 1300

N60 4
34

 4 1

Z/B = 9/0.4 = 22.5 fs 26 55 kPa

(Ps)
Ps = (55)( )(0.4)(18) = 1240 kN
1 2.8
N60 3.5
(Allowable Bearing Capacity, Pa)
+

steel = 77 kN/m3

concret = 23.6 kN/m3

water = 9.8 kN/m3

D/B 6 R = 1
F = (3.5)(2) = 7
+

4.3.1.2
(Excess Pore Water Pressure)


(Drained Strength)

(Undrained Strength)


(Drained Strength)
(Net End Bearing Capacity, )
21 ( )
(Undrained Shear strength)
2

(21)

(Unit Skin Friction, )

(Stiff Clay)
8 16
2 .


K0
28 19

 28
2

0.61

22 110 lb/ft3 5 ft
1 ft 50 ft
Poor
27 = 0.45
25 ft = (110)(25) (62.4)(20) = 1500 lb/ft2
= (0.45)(1500) = 676 lb/ft2

fs =

50 ft = (110)(50) (62.4)(45) = 2690 lb/ft2

su = (0.61)(2690) = 1640 lb/ft2
= (9)(1640) = 14,800 lb/ft2
= 2.8
+

+
(


(su) Unconfined Compression Test, Vane Shear Test
UU Triaxial Test 22 Method
(22)

su

29 API

3 1
3

29
Tomlinson
30 Tomlinson
31 33

 30

30

31

 32
3 400 . 16 . 5
5 . 10 . 90 .
Normal

5 3

21

= (9)(180) = 1620 kPa

API 29 6
Tomlinson 31 7

 6 API

7 Tomlinson

2.5

steel = 77.1 kN/m2

=

o- i

=
(Buoyancy) =

= (2.5)(1.75) = 4.4
D/B 6 R= 1

( )

 ( Method) 23

(23)

(Average Unit Skin Friction Resistance)

= (Frictional Capacity Coefficient) 33
=
=

(Silt)
OCR
15

33 23

4.3.2 (Bearing Capacity of Pile Group)

2.5 3
2 2.5 0.6
(Pile Cap)


-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

24
( + )

(24)

Pag =
= (Group Efficiency Factor) Converse-Labarre Formula 25
N =
=
Ps =
F =

+ -

(25)

m =
n =
= tan-1(B/s)
B =
s =
24 25
34
50 %

34

4.3.3
4.3.3.1
1) Semiempirical Method 26

St = SS + SP + SPS

(26)

St =
SS =
SP =
SPS =
SS = (Qpa + sQfa)L/(ApEp)

(27)

Sp = CpQpa/(Bqp)

(28)

Sps = CsQfa/(Dfqp)

(29)

Qpa = ()
Qfa = ()
s

=
0.50 0.67

L =
Ap =
Ep =
Cp = 8
Cs = 0.93 + 0.16 D f /B Cp
Qpa = ()
Qfa = ()
qp = ()
B =
Df = L =

 8 Cp 28

(-)

0.02-0.04

0.09-0.18

(-)

0.02-0.03

0.03-0.06

(-)

0.03-0.05

0.09-0.12

2) Empirical Method 30
St = B/100 + (QvaL)/(ApEp)

(30)

St = ,
B = ,
Qva = ,
Ap = ,
L = ,
Ep = ,
4 3/4
12 360
34.95 58.88 kips 30x106

= (12)(12)/4 = 113
= 12-2x3/4 = 10.5
= (122-10.52)/4 = 26.496
Semiempirical Method
(Qv)ult = Qp+Qf = 58.88+34.95 = 93.83 kips
(Qv)all = (Qv)ult/FS = 93.83/3 = 31.2

31 kips


Qpa = (Qp)all = 58.33/3 = 19.6 kips
Qfa = (Qf)all = 34.95/3 = 11.4 kips
(Q pa + s Q fa )L (19.6+0.5x11.4)1000x360
=
= 0.011
ApEp
26.496x30x10 6
C Q 0.03x19.6x113
S p = p pa =
= 0.094
Bq p
12x58.88

SS =

S ps =

Cs Q fa 0.93+0.16 D f /BC p Q fa
=
Df q p
Df q p

0.93+0.16

360/120.03x11.4x113
360x58.88

0.0033

St = Ss + Sp + Sps = 0.011 + 0.094 + 0.0033 = 0.108

Empirical Method
St =

B Q va L 12 31x100x360
+
= +
= 0.134
100 A p E p 100 26.496x30x10 6

4.3.3.2

35



35
SPT-N
1) Vesic Method

S G = S t b/B

(31)

SG =
St =

b =
B =
2) Meyerhof Method

S G = 2p

bI/ N

(32)

p = , /

b = ,
N = SPT b
I = 1-D f /8b 0.5
Df = =
5 4 0.134 9 4
10 36
B = 1

b = 9

N = (12+14+14)/3 13

Vesic Method

SG = S t b/B 0.134 9/1 0.40

Meyerhof Method

S G = 2p

bI/ N

 36
5
p=

(Q v )all 319
=
= 3.44 kips/ft 2 =1.72 ton/ft 2
bb 99

D f 30

I = 1- = 1- = 0.58 > 0.5

8b 89
SG = 2p

bI/N = 21.72

90.58
13

= 2.18

4.3.3.3
2
1)
2)
(Consolidation Settlement) 37

 1 = qall = (QvG)all/(b l) b l
2 qall 2L/3 L
3 qall 2L/3
4 qall
H-2L/3

37
4.3.4

 38 .

38 .


38 .

.
38


33 Vesic
(33)

(Q f ) neg = N 0 v A
N 0 = 9
v

A =
9 N 0 33

N0

0.15 - 0.30

0.30 0.80

0.01 0.05

10

10

0.35 0.50

0.25 0.35

0.20 0.25

4.1 (Estimation of Bored Pile Bearing Capacity)

(Semi-empirical)

4.1.1
(Net End Bearing Capacity, )
34
,

(,

(34)

= (Reference Stress) = 2000 lb/ft2 = 100 kPa

N60 = SPT-N60
1.2 34
25
35
(35)
Br = = 0.3
Bb =
(Unit Skin Friction, )

-
s/
-
K/K0
-
Slurry Cake
(fs) 36
(36)
(37)

=
K = 11
s

= 12

11 K/K0

12 s/

38
-

(38)

Br = = 0.3
z =
6 39
Normal

 39 6
Silty Sand = 17 kN/m
Silty Sand = 20 kN/m
Sand

= 20 kN/m

38 13 z

13

34 N60 = 22

( )( )( )
( )

2.5
+

4.1.2
(End Bearing Capacity, )
39
*

(,

(39)
(40)

(Bearing Capacity Factor)

D =
Bb =
su = 2 Bb
1.9 39
25
41
(41)
+

(42)
(43)

(44)
(Unit Skin Friction, )
45
40
fs = su
Rees

(45)

d O i = 0.55 190 kPa (4000

lb/ft2) 1.5 (5 )

40
45

7 24 41
Normal

39 40

 41 7
*

= 6[1 + 0.2(60/5)] = 20
*

( )(

=9

()
(

40 14
2.5
+

 14

6 D/Bb 6 R =1
; 2Bb = 2(5) = 10 ft
Layer 4 37-50 ft As = 82 ft2 Ps = 112 k
Ps = 37 + 127 + 112 = 276 k
Nu = 2(D/Bb 0.5) = 2(60/5) 0.5) = 23 Nu = 9
D

= h = 105(12) + 108(25) + 109(23) = 6470 lb/ft2

+

( - )
+

= 700 k
+

+
F = (2.5)(1.5) = 3.7
+

+
= 291 k

+( )

 46
(46)

=
=

42
OCR ( )

50 kPa

42