C S THIT K V LUN CHUYN VN KHUN

KHI THI CNG B TNG LM GIU VA TNG

THNG - H LU P B TNG M LN
KS. Mai Lm Tun, PGS.TS. L Vn Hng - HTL
Tm tt: Cng ngh thi cng p b tng m ln hin nay rt pht trin, c nhiu ci tin
trong vic thit k v thi cng. Vic p dng b tng lm giu va tng thng - h lu p
chng thm v to m quan cho p ang c p dng nhiu Vit Nam. Bi bo gii thiu cc
c s thit k v lun chuyn vn khun cho vic thi cng loi b tng ny p RCC.
T VN

Cng ngh thi cng B tng m ln (Roller

Compacted Concrete - RCC) v ang c
nghin cu v ng dng rng ri, i vi p b
tng c khi lng cng ln th hiu qu p
dng cng ngh RCC cng cao. So vi p B
tng truyn thng (Conventional Vibrated
Concrete - CVC), p RCC c thi cng vi
cng ln do ng dng c gii ho cao nh
dng bng ti, t t vn chuyn b tng,
dng my i san gt, lu rung m nn.
RCC c u im so vi CVC khi thi cng p
bi tc nng cao p nhanh, gi thnh h.
p RCC thi cng nhanh, gi thnh h l do
ng dng c gii ha cao, s dng t xi mng
nn vn nhit trong b tng khng nan gii,
cng tc vn khun t v n gin hn, phn
t phn khonh thi cng khng phc tp nn
gim c bn cc cng tc ph... RCC thng
c thit k M15 n M25, khng s dng ct
thp, m tng lp nh m t . Ngoi vic
ng dng xy dng p, RCC cn ng dng
cc lnh vc xy dng nh ng giao thng,
sn bi, bn cng (ni lu rung di chuyn v m
c).
RCC lm giu va (Grout Enriched
Vibratable RCC - GEVR) c s dng rng
ri ti nhng v tr m khng th dng RCC
nh ni tip gip vi vn khun, tip gip vi
vai p, tip gip vi b tng c, c th thi
cng lin tc v nng cao cht lng. Cng
tc vn khun cho thi cng p RCC s dng
GEVR mt thng - h lu hin nay v
ang c ng dng nhiu Vit Nam nh
32

cc p Bn V, Sn La, Bn Cht, Lai

Chu... Tuy nhin, vic xc nh t hp lc
tnh ton cng nh c s tnh ton thit k
vn khun hin nay vn cha c ti liu no
cp c th nhm p ng cht lng v an
ton trong thi cng.
CNG NGH THI CNG GEVR

Gii thiu v GEVR

GEVR l RCC c lm giu va, gi tt
l B tng lm giu. y l mt gii php thay
i tnh linh ng ca RCC n mc c th
m bng cc loi my m dng cho CVC,
bng cch thm va ximng (thng N/X =
0,5-0,6) vi lng nht nh. GEVR i hi
s dng RCC cp phi 2 (Dmax 40-50mm)
khi lm giu va, mt s ti liu cn gi l B
tng bin thi.
Thnh phn ca va lm giu thung gm
xi mng, tro bay, ph gia v nuc vi t l
N/CKD khng ln hn t l N/CKD ca RCC.
Lng va lm giu c xc nh thng qua
th nghim. Trong qu trnh thi cng, GEVR
v RCC c th c thi cng ng thi hoc
ln lt, va lm giu nn ti di y v
gia mi lp ri RCC. Chiu dy lp GEVR
bng chiu dy lp m RCC. Cng tc m
cn c hon thin trong khong thi gian
qui nh ph thuc vo thi gian ninh kt ca
hai loi b tng.
phn tip gip vi vai p, trc khi thi
cng cn ri mt lp RCC, sau lm giu
va. Vic ri v m b tng thng c
hon thnh trong vng 2 gi i vi nhiu
cng trnh Vit Nam.

B mt mi dc vai p hay b mt
tip gip b tng c cn phi c lm sch
trc khi dng GEVR. xung quanh hoc
b mt dc pha trn lp GEVR hon thin
cng cn c dn sch trc khi thi cng lp
tip theo.
Trng hp trc khi c m cht bng
my m di m GEVR qu thi gian ninh
kt ban u th phi d b v thay th bi
GEVR mi.
Cc hnh thc cu to mt ct p RCC
Cc hnh thc cu to mt ct p RCC ch
yu c 3 hnh thc sau:
1 - CVC bao bc phn bin ngoi p, phn
li l RCC (Hnh 1.a). y l hnh thc vng
bc bc theo phng php truyn thng ca
Nht bn. Vit Nam, cc p p dng hnh
thc ny l p nh Bnh, p Pleikrong...
2 - Mng p l CVC, thng lu v h lu
l GEVR, li p l RCC (Hnh 1.b). Cc p
Vit Nam p dng hnh thc ny kh nhiu
nh Sn La, Bn V, Bn Cht, ng Nai 3,
ng Nai 4, Lai Chu...
3 - Mng p v tng thng lu l CVC,
sau tng thng lu v h lu l GEVR
(Hnh 1.c). Vit Nam, cng trnh p Nc
Trong p dng hnh thc ny.

Hnh 1: Cc hnh thc cu to mt ct p RCC

Cng ngh thi cng GEVR
Quy trnh thi cng GEVR
Ti phn tip gip vi vn khun, vi b
tng c, vi kt cu chn sn... thng dng
GEVR. Trc ht ri lp RCC mng
1015cm, sau rt GEVR theo nh lng;
Dng go hoc vi rt va ln lp
RCC cha m. Lng va cn dng tu
thuc vo rng v hm lng cht kt dnh
ca hn hp RCC;
Dng m di c chiu dy m thch
hp m cho n khi va ni ln trn mt

ca lp GEVR, tng t nh m CVC;

on tip gip gia GEVR v RCC
c m bng lu rung c nh.
Nhng vn cn ch trong qu trnh
thi cng GEVR
Nn thi cng ng thi lp GEVR v lp
RCC thn p;
Ni tip gip gia GEVR v RCC nn
x l mt cch cn thn;
Hai loi b tng xen k ri san m,
GEVR phi c m xong trc thi gian
ninh kt ban u;
RCC phi m xong trc thi gian cho
php gin cch gia hai lp m.
Vn khun khi thi cng GEVR
Phc v thi cng p RCC khi c s dng
GEVR ta c th s dng cc gii php kt cu vn
khun khc nhau, thng dng v tin li nht hin
nay l s dng vn khun nh hnh. H thng vn
khun nh hnh tng trn (ang thi cng b tng)
lin kt vi vn khun cc tng di c neo
vo b tng thi cng trc nh h thng cc
lin kt. Vn khun ny c s dng lun
chuyn theo tng. V d: trng hp dng 5 tng
vn khun, tng 1 chuyn ln tng 5, tng 2
chuyn ln tng 6, v.v
p lc ngang ca RCC ln vn khun
CVC v RCC khc nhau rt ln v thnh
phn cp phi v bin php m cht. S khc
nhau dn n nhng khc bit v p lc
ngang ln vn khun.
Cc yu t nh hng n p lc ngang ca
RCC ln vn khun c nhiu loi. Tu thuc iu
kin th nghim v quan im ca ngi nghin
cu a ra phng php tnh ton khc nhau.
Cng mt iu kin tham s nh nhau a vo
cc cng thc tnh ton khc nhau s cho cc tr s
p lc chnh lch n vi ln. V vy, cho ti nay
vn cha c cng thc chung tnh p lc ngang
ca RCC ln vn khun, ch c th da vo s
pht trin cung b tng cc tui, kt hp vi
iu kin thi cng c th m a ra cc th nghim
cn thit, ri tm ra cc cng thc tnh ton tng
ng. Bng 1 gii thiu kt qu th nghim p lc
ngang ca RCC ln vn khun ng vi s ln m
cht ti mt cng trnh California.
33

Ni th

Mu th m
phng
p
bang
California

Bng 1: Quan h p lc ngang vi s ln m ln

S ln m bng
p lc ln nht khi lu rung
p lc khi lu tnh
2
my m tay
(KN/m )
(KN/m2)
4
3,75
6
4,22
8
4,45
10
4,17
2,75
12
5,21
2,75
14
5,21
3,25
16
4,79
18
4,79
-

T bng 1 c th thy p lc ng ngang

ca RCC ln vn khun tng theo s ln m,
n mt s ln m nht nh th b tng c
chc v p lc ngang c gim cht t.
TNH TON KT CU V TRNH T
LUN CHUYN VN KHUN

ti trng bn thn RCC, ti trng lu rung, ti

trng ca vn khun
+ Trnh t lun chuyn vn khun: lp
dng v lu li bao nhiu tng vn khun
pha di.
Hin nay, vic lun chuyn vn khun ch
yu l theo kinh nghim, cn c c s tnh
ton khoa hc thit k kt cu vn khun
v trnh t lun chuyn thch hp.
Tnh n nh tng th ca khi b tng
Theo tin thi cng RCC, thng thng
thi gian thi cng xong mi lp m RCC
dy 0,3m l 16 gi. Thi gian thi cng
c mt tng vn khun c chiu cao 3m
khong 6,66 ngy. Cc gi tr v C ti 6 tng
vn khun v s ngy thi cng tng ng theo
bng 2 c xc nh trn c s ti liu th
nghim v C ca RCC tui 90 ngy ca
p nh Bnh [1] v biu pht trin nhit
trong RCC theo thi gian [6].

C s thit k v trnh t lun chuyn

vn khun
Vn khun phi m bo c b mt phng
nhn, kh nng chu lc khi lm vic di
tc ng ca ti trng bn thn, p lc ngang
do n hng ca RCC trong qu trnh ng
cng, ti trng ca ngi v cng c thi cng,
p lc ngang khi m.
Khi thi cng p RCC c s dng GEVR,
ngoi cc yu cu cn phi bo m v ng
sut nhit, v cht lng ca b tng ni
chung th vn cn c xem xt mt cch
nghim tc l:
+ n nh ca p: Trong qu trnh thi
cng, p khng b trt l di tc dng ca
Bng 2: Gi tr v C ti cc tng vn khun
Tng vn khun 1
2
3
4
5
Ngy
40.00
33.33
26.66
20.00
13.33
f
1.176
1.173
1.167
1.153
1.137

49.6
49.5
49.4
49.1
48.7
C (Mpa)
1.788
1.772
1.745
1.673
1.594
Cc lc tc dng khi tnh n nh
1. Ti trng bn thn ca cc lp RCC:
Cc lp RCC ng vi cc tng vn khun c
gi tr C nh hnh 2.
2. Ti trng bn thn ca vn khun. Trong
s , vn khun c m hnh l mt lp vt
liu c = 10KN/m3; = 60o; C = 2,0Mpa.
34

6
6.66
1.105
47.8
1.432

3. Ti trng ca ngi v phng tin thi

cng (q1)
4. Lc tc ng khi , san, m RCC (q2)
Lc q1 v q2 ly gi tr ln nht bng ti
trng khi m RCC. Tnh ton vi lc m
ln nht l 14 tn (tng ng 140KN).

S tnh ton

Hnh 2: S tnh ton n nh khi b tng

Yu cu tnh ton
Tnh ton n nh tng th khi b tng
theo hai trng hp:
TH1: Mt trt ct ngang qua cc khe
nng;
TH2: Mt trt ct cho qua cc lp b
tng.
Kt qu tnh ton
TH1: K = 16,1
TH2: K = 25,6
Tnh ton ni lc trong h thng vn
khun
S liu tnh ton
Tnh ton ni lc ca h thng vn khun
theo m hnh khng gian ng vi b rng ca
mt tm vn khun B= 3m.
p lc ngang ca vn khun: vi chiu cao
90 cm ca 3 lp RCC, tnh ton vn khun vi

p lc ngang l 5,5KN/m2 (Hnh 3.a)

Yu cu tnh ton
Tnh chuyn v ngang ca tng vn khun
trn cng ti im c chiu cao h=0,9m (im
A) v nh vn khun H=3m (im B).
Xc nh lc neo ti cc hng neo, lc ct
ti u neo tip gip vi mt vn khun, lc
dc trong cc thanh khung vn khun.
Kt qu tnh ton
Chuyn v ngang ca vn khun ti im
c chiu cao h=0,9m (im A) l 4mm.
Chuyn v ngang ca vn khun ti nh
vn khun H=3,0m (im B) l 6mm.
Lc ko trong cc thanh neo ti cc hng
neo v lc ct ti u thanh neo c tng
hp trong bng 3.
Lc dc trong cc thanh khung vn khun
(Hnh 3.b v 3.c)

Bng 3: Bng tng hp kt qu tnh ton ni lc vn khun

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6

Hng neo
Hng neo 10
Hng neo 9
Hng neo 8
Hng neo 7
Hng neo 6
Hng neo 5

Lc dc trong
thanh neo (KN)
4,72
1,23
-0,40
-0,51
-0,33
-0,22

Lc ct ti u
thanh neo (KN)
-0,9
-0,18
0,81
0,64
0,49
0,42

Ghi ch
Tng vn khun 5
Tng vn khun 4
Tng vn khun 3

35

Lc dc trong
Lc ct ti u
Ghi ch
thanh neo (KN)
thanh neo (KN)
7
Hng neo 4
-0,07
0,36
Tng vn khun 2
8
Hng neo 3
-0,05
0,34
9
Hng neo 2
-0,07
0,31
Tng vn khun 1
10
Hng neo 1
-0,19
0,27
Tnh ton tng t i vi 3 lp m tip theo, v 4 lp m trn cng. Chuyn v ti im B ln
lt l 10mm v 5mm.
Nh vy, chuyn v ti im B khi thi cng RCC n ht chiu cao tm vn khun l 2,1cm.
TT

Hng neo

(a)

(b)
Hnh 3: Tnh ton ni lc ca h thng vn khun

(c)

a - S tnh;
b - Lc dc ca cc thanh trong m hnh khng gian;
c - Lc ca cc thanh ti mt phng qua cc thanh khung vn khun (KN)
KT LUN
Cng tc vn khun cho mi thng lu,
h lu p RCC s dng GEVR cn s dng
vn khun nh hnh, t chng da vo cc
tng vn khun ca lp b tng thi cng
trc , lun chuyn nhiu ln, c gii ha
v lp dng nhanh.
36

Vn khun phi m bo bn, cng, n

nh, gn, tin dng, d tho lp, lun chuyn
c nhiu ln. Cng tc vn khun khng
gy kh khn, tr ngi cho cc cng tc khc,
kinh t v m bo an ton trong thi cng.
Tnh ton n nh trt tng th cho thy
tc ln p khng nh hng nhiu n

kh nng n nh trt ca khi RCC.

Lc dc trong thanh neo l c s xc
nh ng knh thanh neo, chiu di neo v
mc u thanh neo. Kt qu tnh ton cho
thy lc ko ch xut hin 2 hng neo trn
cng. Khi thit k v thi cng thanh neo cn
quan tm n hai hng trn cng ny. Lc ct
u thanh neo (phn tip gip vi mt vn
khun) l c s xc nh kch thc ng
knh thanh neo. ng knh thanh neo phi
m bo chu lc, khng b ko t hoc
ct t.
Bin dng tnh ton ca vn khun tng
ang thi cng l c s iu chnh cho nh vn
khun ng vo pha thn p phng ngang
khi lp dng nhm m bo mt khi RCC
thng ng hay nghing ng theo thit k.
Mc ch chnh ca vic s dng nhiu

tng vn khun l trit tiu lc dc trong cc

thanh khung ca vn khun, gip h thng
vn khun lm vic an ton. Vic tnh ton s
tng vn khun lun lu chnh l vic tm
xem n tng vn khun no lc dc b trit
tiu nh, ng thi kim tra bin dng ca
tng vn khun trn cng. Kt qu tnh ton
ni lc ca h thng vn khun cho thy trong
5 tng vn khun neo vo b tng thi cng
th tng di cng (tng s 1) chu lc tc
dng nh, nh hng khng ng k ti h
thng vn khun.
Vn xc nh cng chng ct ca
RCC trong nhng ngy u mi thi cng xong
v xc nh p lc ngang ln vn khun vn
cha c nghin cu y . V vy, cn
phi c nghin cu v th nghim c c
s chnh xc phc v thit k v thi cng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. L Minh Ch (2006), Bo co kt qu th nghim hin trng b tng m ln d n h
cha nc nh Bnh.
[2]. Cng ty T vn XD in I (2006), Thuyt minh v bn v thit k cng trnh thy in
Bn Cht.
[3]. H T Khanh (9-2011), Cc thnh tu mi trong cng ngh RCC, Hi tho khoa hc
ca Vncold.
[4]. Quy phm thi cng p b tng m ln, Ti liu dch t Trung Quc.
[5]. L Vn Hng, HTL (2009), Bi ging cao hc, Cng ngh thi cng b tng m ln.
[6]. ACI 207.5R-99 (1999), Roller Compacted mass concrete, American concrete institute,
USA.
Abstract:
BASE OF DESIGN AND USE COFRAGE FOR CONSTRUCTION
OF GROUT ENRICHED VIBRATABLE RCC AT UPSTREAM
AND DOWNSTREAM FACE OF RCC DAM
Mai Lam Tuan & Le Van Hung - Water Resources University
Construction technology of Rolled Compacted Concrete (RCC) is developed. There are
invents of design and construction RCC dam. Grout Enriched Vibratable Roller compacted
concrete (GEVR) is used for upstream and downstream face RCC dam in Vietnam. The paper
introduce bases of design and use cofrage for this kind of concrete in RCC dam.

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