2016

Compression test of
wood block

ID:

10141

Name:

Ehsanullah Wardak

Dep:

Mechanic

Received Date:

10/19/2016

Table of contents

State of objective .. 3
Theory 3
Equipment .. 3
Procedure 6
Data . 6
Analysis of data 10
Conclusion 13
Reference . 14

State of objective:
Plates play vital role in industry, since they are used to carry loads or as reinforces. While they lie under
loading they may deform or break down.
To know the behavior of plate under loading we have to apply some tests on plate like, shear loading,
tensile loading and compression loading. In present laboratory we test the strength of grain plate
against compression loading.
In this test we want to compare tree grain plates with vary situation, so it causes to draw different type
of graph. In this case we want to do our calculation separately.

Theory:
To specify the strength of a material we need to some rules, which this rules are stress and strain
theories.
Which:

=
=

Normal stress on a surface due to the load P.

Normal strain on plate with length L.

=
=

Relation between stress and strain (Hooks law) Where E is modulus of elasticity.

= + + =

=1+

Poissons ratio.

Strain due to one axial load and tow lateral loads.

Bulk modulus

Relation between modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity and Poissons

ratio.

Equipment:
The equipment we use in this test are:

Tensile test machine

Gain plate
Verne caliper
Ruler

Verne caliper

Ruler

Gain plate

Procedure:
At the first we gage mark 0 length of plate which is 400 mm in this test, then we measure the thickness
of the plate which is 40 mm and finally we put it in the machine of test.
To determine yield point, we must find last point on graph and approximate its value which obeys
hooks law, this is about 17000 N.
To solve it (this) calculation in better way we show the graph and its important point in its own.

Data:

0 = 100 ;

0 = 40 ; = 40

A thickness x width
A 100mm x (100mm ) 10000mm 2 1 x 10 2 m 2

Then we are going to guess the force at the yield point and ultimate point from our test graph of
plate:

Pmax y 17000 N
Pmax u 20500 N
Now it is time to find the stress in the specimen:

max y

Pmax y

max u

Pmax u

A
A

17000 N
1.7 Mpa
1 x 10 2 m 2

20500 N
2.05Mpa
1 x 10 2 m 2

For percentage of elongation:

Percentage of elongation
POE

LB L0
x 100
L0

51mm 40mm
x 100 27.5%
40mm

For Modulus of Elasticity:

12000 N
1.2Mpa
1x 10 2 m 2
1mm
1
0,01
100mm

18000 N
1.8Mpa
1 x 10 2 m 2
4.5mm
2
0.045
100mm

2 1 1.8Mpa 1.2Mpa 0.6Mpa

17.14Mpa
2 1
0.045 0,01
0.035

These calculations were for plate one with perpendicular to Grain and now it is time for second
plate

0 = 40 ;

0 = 100 ; = 40

A thickness x width
A 100mm x (40mm ) 4000mm 2 4 x 10 3 m 2
Then we are going to guess the force at the yield point and ultimate point from our test graph of
plate:

Pmax y 45000 N
Pmax u 33500 N
Now it is time to find the stress in the specimen:

max y

Pmax y

max u

Pmax u

A
A

45000 N
11.25Mpa
4 x 10 3 m 2

33500 N
8.37 Mpa
4 x 10 3 m 2

For percentage of elongation:

Percentage of elongation
POE

LB L0
x 100
L0

120mm 100mm
x 100 20%
100mm

For Modulus of Elasticity:

42000 N
10.5Mpa
4 x 10 3 m 2
4mm
2
0.1
40mm

24000 N
6Mpa
4 x 10 3 m 2
0.8mm
1
0.02
40mm

2 1 10.5Mpa 6Mpa 1.5Mpa

18.75Mpa
2 1
0.1 0.02
0.08

These calculations were for plate one with parallel to Grain and now it is time for third plate

0 = 40 ;

0 = 200 ; = 40

A thickness x width
A 40mm x (40mm ) 1600mm 2 1.6 x 10 3 m 2

Then we are going to guess the force at the yield point and ultimate point from our test graph of
plate:

Pmax y 59000 N
Pmax u 59000 N
Now it is time to find the stress in the specimen:

max y

Pmax y

max u

Pmax u

A
A

59000 N
36.87 Mpa
1.6 x 10 3 m 2

59000 N
36.87 Mpa
1.6 x 10 3 m 2

For percentage of elongation:

Percentage of elongation
POE

LB L0
x 100
L0

45.5mm 40mm
x 100 13.75%
40mm

For Modulus of Elasticity:

50000 N
31,25Mpa
1.6 x 10 3 m 2
1mm
2
0.025
40mm

35000 N
21.87 Mpa
1.6 x 10 3 m 2
0.5mm
1
0.0125
40mm

2 1 31.25Mpa 21.87 Mpa 9.38Mpa

750.4Mpa
2 1
0.025 0.0125
0.0125

These calculations were for plate one with parallel to Grain

Analysis of data:

parallel to the grain

s

45000

f
0
1
1.7
3
4
4.6
5.4

0
34000
41000
24000
20000
14000
-1000

40000
35000
30000

25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
-5000

str
0
0.005
0.0085
0.015
0.02
0.023
0.027

strain
0
21250000
25625000
15000000
10000000
8750000
-625000

stress and strain

30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
0
-5000000

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

perpendicular to the grain

s

18000

f
0
1.2
1.8
4.9
8
10.3
12.3

16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000

0
11000
12700
13300
14000
15000
16300

4000
2000

0
0

10

12

14

stress and strain

s

4500000

s
0
0.3
0.45
1.22
2
2.6
3

4000000
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

0
2750000
3175000
3325000
3500000
2750000
4075000

parallel to the grain with 10cm

45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0

10

15

20

25

30

stress and strain

30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

Conclusion:
Stress-stroke graph of a material shows its behavior under external variable load. All material
have the same specific range which this range is known as hooks law and specimen has elastic
property in this range, after yield point phenomenon the specimen onset its plastic behavior then
it goes to necking and rupturing.

And also if we put a thing in different shape (for example parallel or perpendicular) under tensile
machine we will give different result.

Reference:
Mechanic of materials 4th edition
Laboratory of compression test of wood block