Kub binoma

Koristei se formulama za kub zbira: ( A + B ) = A 3 + 3 A 2 B + 3 AB 2 + B 3 i kub razlike:

3

( A B )3 = A3 3 A 2 B + 3 AB 2 B 3

izraunati:

1)( x + y ) = x 3 + 3 x 2 y + 3 x y 2 + y 3 = x 3 + 3 x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3
3

2)( x y ) = x 3 3 x 2 y + 3 x y 2 y 3 = x 3 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 y 3
3

3)( y x ) = y 3 3 y 2 x + 3 y x 2 x 3 = y 3 3 xy 2 + 3 x 2 y x 3
3

4)( x 1) = x 3 3 x 2 1 + 3 x 12 13 = x 3 3 x 2 + 3 x 1
3

5)(1 x ) = 13 3 12 x + 3 1 x 2 x 3 = 1 3 x + 3 x 2 x 3
3

6)(x + 1) = x 3 + 3 x 2 1 + 3 x 12 + 13 = x 3 + 3 x 2 + 3 x + 1
3

7)( x 2 ) = x 3 3 x 2 2 + 3 x 2 2 2 3 = x 3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8
3

8)(2 x ) = 2 3 3 2 2 x + 3 2 x 2 x 3 = 8 12 x + 6 x 2 x 3
3

9)(x + 3) = x 3 + 3 x 2 3 + 3 x 3 2 + 3 3 = x 3 + 9 x 2 + 27 x + 27
3

10)(a + 2b ) = a 3 + 3 a 2 2b + 3 a (2b ) + (2b ) = a 3 + 6a 2 b + 3a 4b 2 + 8b 3 =

3

= a 3 + 6a 2 b + 12ab 2 + 8b 3
Napomena:U posljednjem zadatku koristili smo pravilo: (a b) n = a n b n

U naem sluaju imali smo: (2b ) = 2 2 b 2 = 4b 2 i (2b ) = 2 3 b 3 = 8b 3 (zad.10)

2

11)(2a 3b ) = (2a ) 3 (2a ) 3b + 3 2a (3b ) (3b ) = 8a 3 3 4a 2 3b + 3 2a 9b 2 27b 3

3

= 8a 3 36a 2 b + 54ab 2 27b 3

3
3
2
2
3
12)(3 x 5 y ) = (3 x ) 3 (3 x ) 5 y + 3 3 x (5 y ) (5 y ) =
= 27 x 3 3 9 x 2 5 y + 3 3 x 25 y 2 125 y 3 = 27 x 3 135 x 2 y + 225 xy 2 125 y 3

13)(5 x + 2 y ) = (5 x ) + 3 (5 x ) 2 y + 3 5 x (2 y ) + (2 y ) =
3

125x 3 + 3 25 x 2 2 y + 3 5 x 4 y 2 + 8 y 3 = 125 x 3 + 150 x 2 y + 60 xy 2 + 8 y 3

14)(ab 5c ) = (ab ) 3 (ab ) 5c + 3 ab (5c ) (5c ) = a 3 b 3 3 a 2 b 2 5c + 3 ab 25c 2 125c 3

3

= a 3 b 3 15a 2 b 2 c + 75abc 2 125c 3

15)(3ab + 5c ) = (3ab ) + 3 (3ab ) 5c + 3 3ab (5c ) + (5c ) =
3

= 27a 3b 3 + 3 9a 2 b 2 5c + 3 3ab 25c 2 + 125c 3 = 27a 3 b 3 + 135a 2 b 2 c + 225abc 2 + 125c 3

Napomena:Pravilo (a b) n = a n b n se moe pooptiti za proizvoljan broj faktora tj.vrijedi

(a b c )n

= a n b n c n ,...., (a b c ... m ) = a n b n c n ... m n

n

U naem slucaju (zad.15)imali smo: (3ab ) = 3 3 a 3 b 3 = 27 a 3 b 3

3

) ( )
3

16) x 2 + 1 = x 2

( )

+ 3 x2

1 + 3 x 2 12 + 13 = x 6 + 3 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1

1
1
1 1

1 1
=
17) x = x 3 3 x 2 + 3 x = x 3 x 2 + 3 x
3
3
9 27

3 3
x 1
= x3 x2 +
3 27

18) x 3 y 3

) = (x )
3

3 3

( )

3 x3

( ) (y )

y3 + 3 x3 y3

3 3

= x 9 3x 6 y 3 + 3 x 3 y 6 y 9

1
1
1 1

1 1
3
2 1
19) 2 x + = (2 x ) + 3 (2 x ) + 3 2 x + = 8 x 3 + 3 4 x 2 + 3 2 x + =
2
2
2
4 8

2 2
3
1
= 8x 3 + 6 x 2 + x +
2
8
3
3
2
2
3
1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
20) ab + c = ab + 3 ab c + 3 ab c + c =
4 3
3
3
3 4
4 4
1 3 3
1
1
1
1
1
=
a b + 3 a 2 b 2 c + 3 ab c 2 + c 3 =
27
9
4
3
16
64
1 3 3 1 2 2
1
1
=
a b + a b c + abc 2 + c 3
27
12
16
64
3

3
2 1
1

1 1
21) a 2 b 3 + = (a 2 b 3 ) + 3 (a 2 b 3 ) + 3 a 2 b 3 + =
3
3

3 3
3
3
2
2 1
1 1
= (a 2 ) (b 3 ) + 3 (a 2 ) (b 3 ) + 3 a 2 b 3 +
=
3
9 27
1
1 1
1
1
= a 6b 9 + 3 a 4b 6 + 3 a 2 b 3 +
= a 6b9 + a 4b 6 + a 2b 3 +
3
9 27
3
27

3
4 3
4 4
3 4
3
22) x 2 y 3 = x 2 3 x 2 y 3 + 3 x 2 y 3 y 3 =
4
3 4
3 3
4 3
4
3

3
2 4
2
3
3
4
4
3
3
= (x 2 ) 3 (x 2 ) y 3 + 3 x 2 ( y 3 ) ( y 3 ) =
3
4
3
3
4
4
27 6
9
4
3
16
64 9 27 6 9 4 3
64 9
=
x 3 x4 y3 + 3 x2 y6
y =
x x y + 4x 2 y 6
y
64
16
3
4
9
27
64
4
27

23)(xy 2 + z 3 ) = (xy 2 ) + 3 (xy 2 ) z 3 + 3 xy 2 (z 3 ) + (z 3 ) =

3

= x 3 (y 2 ) + 3 x 2 (y 2 ) z 3 + 3 xy 2 (z 3 ) + (z 3 ) = x 3 y 6 + 3 x 2 y 4 z 3 + 3 xy 2 z 6 + z 9
3

24)(xy 3 z 4 ) = (xy 3 ) 3 (xy 3 ) z 4 + 3 xy 3 (z 4 ) (z 4 ) =

3

= x 3 (y 3 ) 3 x 2 ( y 3 ) z 4 + 3 xy 3 z 8 z 12 = x 3 y 9 3 x 2 y 6 z 4 + 3 xy 3 z 8 z 12
3

25)(x 4 y 2 z 3 ) = (x 4 y 2 ) 3 (x 4 y 2 ) z 3 + 3 x 4 y 2 (z 3 ) (z 3 ) =
3

= (x 4 ) ( y 2 ) 3 (x 4 ) (y 2 ) z 3 + 3 x 4 y 2 z 6 z 9 = x12 y 6 3 x 8 y 4 z 3 + 3x 4 y 2 z 6 z 9
3

26)(x 2 y 3 3 xy 2 ) = (x 2 y 3 ) 3 (x 2 y 3 ) 3 xy 2 + 3 x 2 y 3 (3xy 2 ) (3 xy 2 ) =
3

= (x 2 ) ( y 3 ) 3 (x 2 ) ( y 3 ) 3 xy 2 + 3 x 2 y 3 3 2 x 2 ( y 2 ) 33 x 3 ( y 2 ) =
3

= x 6 y 9 3 x 4 y 6 3 xy 2 + 3 x 2 y 3 9 x 2 y 4 27 x 3 y 6 = x 6 y 9 9 x 5 y 8 + 27 x 4 y 7 27 x 3 y 6

27)(5 x 2 + y 3 z 4 ) = (5 x 2 ) + 3 (5 x 2 ) y 3 z 4 + 3 5 x 2 ( y 3 z 4 ) + ( y 3 z 4 ) =
3

= 5 3 (x 2 ) + 3 5 2 (x 2 ) y 3 z 4 + 3 5 x 2 ( y 3 ) (z 4 ) + ( y 3 ) (z 4 ) =
3

125x 6 + 75 x 4 y 3 z 4 + 15 x 2 y 6 z 8 + y 9 z 12
28)(x + x )
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
= + x = + 3 x + 3 x 2 + x 3 = 3 + 3 2 x + 3x + x 3 =
x
x
x
x
x
x

1 3
+ + 3x + x 3
x3 x
3

2
3
1
1
1
1
29)(x + x ) = 3 + x 2 = 3 + 3 3 x 2 + 3 3 (x 2 ) + (x 2 ) =
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
1
3
= 9 + 3 6 x 2 + 3 3 x 4 + x 6 = 9 + 4 + 3x + x 6
x
x
x
x
x
3

2 3

30) (2 m 2 n ) = (2 m ) 3 (2 m ) 2 n + 3 2 m (2 n ) (2 n ) = 2 3 m 3 2 2 m 2 n + 3 2 m 2 2 n 2 3 n
3

= 2 3m 3 2 2 m + n + 3 2 m + 2 n 2 3n

31)(a n + b n ) = (a n ) + 3 (a n ) b n + 3 a n (b n ) + (b n ) = a 3 n + 3a 2 n b n + 3a n b 2 n + b 3 n
3

32 )(a 1) + (a + 1) = a 3 3a 2 + 3a 1 + a 3 + 3a 2 + 3a + 1 =
3

= a3 + a3
a 2 +43
3a 2 + 3a + 3a 1 + 1 = 2 a 3 + 6 a
1342
=0

33)2( x + 3) 3( x 1) = 2(x 3 + 9 x 2 + 27 x + 27 ) 3(x 3 3x 2 + 3 x 1) =

3

= 2 x 3 + 18 x 2 + 54 x + 54 3 x 3 + 9 x 2 9 x + 3 = x 3 + 27 x 2 + 45 x + 57
34)(x 1) x(x + 2 ) = x 3 3 x 2 + 3 x 1 x(x 2 + 4 x + 4 ) = x 3 3x 2 + 3 x 1 x 3 4 x 2 4 x =
3

= 7 x 2 x 1
35)( x + y + z ) = [( x + y ) + z ] = (x + y ) + 3 (x + y ) z + 3 (x + y ) z 2 + z 3 =
3

= x 3 + 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 + y 3 + 3(x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 )z + 3(x + y )z 2 + z 3 =

= x 3 + 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 + y 3 + 3 x 2 z + 6 xyz + 3 y 2 z + 3 xz 2 + 3 yz 2 + z 3 =
= x 3 + y 3 + z 3 + 6 xyz + 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 + 3 x 2 z + 3 xz 2 + 3 y 2 z + 3 yz 2

Zadaci za samostalan rad uenika

1) (a 2 ) =
3

2 )(a x ) =
3

3)(2a 1) =
3

3)(u v ) =
3

4)(3 x y ) =
3

5)(3 x 7 y ) =
3

6)(x 2 y 3 ) =
3

7) 3 x =
3

2
1
8) x + =
3
2
5

9) 0,2 x +
6

y =

10)(2 x + 0,1) =
3

11)(2 x 2 y 3 + 3) =
3

12)(ab 4 + a 2 b 3 ) =
3

13)(a 2 + 2a 3 b 2 ) =
3

14)(3a 2 2b 3 c 5 ) =
3

15)(5 x 2 + y 3 z 4 ) =
3

16(x 2 x ) =
3

17)(3 n 2 n ) =
3

18)(2 n + 3 n ) =
3

19)(a n a n +1 ) =
3

20)(a n +1 + a n 1 ) =
3

21)(x + y ) (x y ) =
3

22)(x + y ) + ( x y ) =
3

23)3( x + 1) 5(2 x ) =
3

24)3(2 x + y ) 4(x + 2 y ) =
3

25) x(x 2 ) (x + 2 ) =
2

26) 2(x + y ) 5(x y ) (x 3 + y 3 ) =

3

Rjeenje nekih zadataka za samostalan rad

6) x 6 3 x 4 y 3 + 3 x 2 y 6 y 9 =
7)27 x 3 9 x 2 + x

1
27

1
1
2
8
8) x 3 + x 2 + x +
8
2
3
27
11)8 x 6 y 9 + 36 x 4 y 6 + 54 x 2 y 3 + 27
12)a 3b 12 + 3a 3 b11 + 3a 5 b10 + a 6 b 9

16)

1
3
+ 3 + 3 + x3
6
x
x