Co Dac NaOH

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TPHCM

KHOA CNG NGH HA HC
..o0o..
Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c

c dung dch NaOH.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

CNBM: HUNH BO LONG
SVTH: NGUYN HONG LINH
MSSV: 2004120211
TPHCM, Thng 5 nm 2015
ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH
Mc Lc
LI CM N ........................................................................................................................................................ i
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN .................................................................................................. ii
NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN .................................................................................................... iii
PHIU GIAO N............................................................................................................................................................1
PHIU THEO DI TIN THC HIN N ............................................................................................................2
PHN I. TNG QUAN V C C ................................................................................................................. 3

1. NHIM V CA N .......................................................................................................... 3
2. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU ............................................................................................. 3
3. KHI QUT V C C ........................................................................................................ 3
4. THIT B C C DNG TRONG PHNG PHP NHIT ............................................... 4
5. LA CHN THIT B C C DUNG DCH NaOH ............................................................ 5
PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH ................................................................................... 6
PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH .............................................................................. 8
I. TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT V CN BNG NNG LNG ............................ 8
1.
D kin ban u ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.
Cn bng vt cht .......................................................................................................................... 8
3.
Tn tht nhit ............................................................................................................................ 8
3.1. Tn tht nhit do p sut tng ' .......................................................................................... 8

3.2. Tn tht nhit do p sut thu tnh ()................................................................................. 9
4.
Cn bng nng lng ................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.
Cn bng nhit lng............................................................................................................ 10
4.2.
Phng trnh cn bng nhit ................................................................................................. 11
II. THIT K THIT B CHNH .................................................................................................. 13

A. TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C.................................................................... 13
1.
H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi ................................................................................................. 13
2.
Nhit ti ring pha tng ............................................................................................................ 15
3.
Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring................................................................................................. 15
4.
H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c................................................................... 16
B. TNH KCH THC THIT B C C ............................................................................................. 17

1.
Tnh kch thc bung t........................................................................................................... 17
1.1. S ng truyn nhit. .................................................................................................................. 17

1.2. ng knh ng tun hon trung tm(Dth) ................................................................................ 17
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

SVTH NGUYN HONG LINH

1.3. ng knh bung t (Dt) ....................................................................................................... 17
1.4. Kim tra din tch truyn nhit.................................................................................................. 18
2.
Tnh kch thc bung bc .......................................................................................................... 18

2.1. ng knh bung bc (Db) ................................................................................................... 18
2.2. Chiu cao bung bc (Hb) ...................................................................................................... 19
3.
Tnh kch thc cc ng dn........................................................................................................ 20

3.1. ng nhp liu ......................................................................................................................... 20
3.2. ng tho liu .......................................................................................................................... 20
3.3. ng dn hi t ...................................................................................................................... 20
3.4. ng dn hi th ...................................................................................................................... 21
3.5. ng dn nc ngng .............................................................................................................. 21
3.6. ng dn kh khng ngng ...................................................................................................... 21
C. TNH BN C KH CHO CC CHI TIT CA THIT B C C ............................................... 22

1.
Tnh cho bung t ...................................................................................................................... 22
2.
Tnh cho bung bc ..................................................................................................................... 23
3.
Tnh cho y thit b .................................................................................................................... 27
4.
Tnh cho np thit b .................................................................................................................... 31
5.
Tnh mt bch ............................................................................................................................... 32
6.
Tnh v ng................................................................................................................................... 34
7.
Khi lng v tai treo .................................................................................................................. 37

7.1.
Bung t ............................................................................................................................. 37
7.2.
Bung bc ............................................................................................................................ 37
7.3.
Phn hnh nn ct gia bung bc v bung t ................................................................. 37
7.4.
y nn ................................................................................................................................ 38
7.5.
Np ellipse ........................................................................................................................... 38
7.6.
ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm ...................................................................... 38
7.7.
Mt bch ............................................................................................................................... 39
7.8.
Bulong v ren ....................................................................................................................... 39
7.9.
ai c ................................................................................................................................... 40
7.10. V ng .................................................................................................................................. 41
PHN IV. TNH TON THIT B PH ........................................................................................... 43
I. THIT B GIA NHIT ............................................................................................................. 43
II. THIT B NGNG T............................................................................................................. 47
III. BN CAO V........................................................................................................................... 54
IV. BM CHN KHNG ............................................................................................................. 55
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM


V. CC CHI TIT PH ................................................................................................................ 56
1. Lp cch nhit ......................................................................................................................... 56
2. Knh quan st ........................................................................................................................... 56
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................................................. 57
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

LI CM N
Mt mn hc na li qua, i vi chng em vi mn hc N QU TRNH V THIT
B cung cp cho em nhiu kin thc v vn hnh, thit k h thng v nht l h thng c c v
ti ca em lm l c c NaOH.
Sau 12 tun lm vic ca mn n v s hng dn nhit tnh ca thy Tin Tin Nam thuc
b mn QU TRNH V THIT B trng I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TPHCM,
chng em i n ngy hm nay hon thnh mn n mn hc QU TRNH V THIT
B vi nhng g qua em xin chn thnh cm n thy Tin Tin Nam, cc thy c trong b
mn QU TRNH V THIT B v cc bn chung kha gip em hon thnh mn n
ny.
V n ny l mt ti ln u tin ca em, iu thiu xt v hn ch l khng th trnh
khi. Mong c s ng gp kin , ch dn t cc thy v bn b cng c thm kin thc
chuyn mn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Phn nh gi:
thc thc hin:...............
Ni dung thc hin:.......
Hnh thc trnh by:...
Tng hp kt qu:..
im bng s: .im bng ch:
Tp HCM, ngy
Ch nhim b mn
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

thng
Gio vin hng dn
nm
NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Phn nh gi:
thc thc hin:...............
Ni dung thc hin:.......
Hnh thc trnh by:...
Tng hp kt qu:..
im bng s: .im bng ch:
Tp HCM, ngy
Ch nhim b mn
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

thng
Gio vin phn bin
nm
PHN I. TNG QUAN V C C

1. NHIM V CA N
Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH.
Nng dch ban u 10%
Nng sn phm 20%
p sut chn khng c c 0,65at
Nhit u ca nguyn liu: 300C (chn)
2. GII THIU V NGUYN LIU
Natri hydroxid NaOH nguyn cht l cht rn mu trng, c dng tinh th, khi lng
ring 2,13 g/ml, nng chy 318oC v si 1388oC di p sut kh quyn. NaOH tan
tt trong nc (1110 g/l 20oC) v s ho tan to nhit mnh. NaOH t tan hn trong cc
dung mi hu c nh methanol, ethanol NaOH rn v dung dch NaOH u d hp
th CO2 t khng kh nn chng cn c cha trong cc thng kn.
Dung dch NaOH l mt base mnh, c tnh n da v c kh nng n mn cao. V vy, ta
cn lu n vic n mn thit b v m bo an ton lao ng trong qu trnh sn xut
NaOH.
Ngnh cng nghip sn xut NaOH l mt trong nhng ngnh sn xut ho cht c bn
v lu nm. N ng vai tr to ln trong s pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip khc
nh dt, tng hp t nhn to, lc ho du, sn xut phn
Trc y trong cng nghip, NaOH c sn xut bng cch cho Ca(OH)2 tc dng
vi dung dch Na2CO2 long v nng. Ngy nay, ngi ta dng phng php hin i
l in phn dung dch NaCl bo ho. Tuy nhin, dung dch sn phm thu c thng
c nng rt long, gy kh khn trong vic vn chuyn i xa. thun tin cho chuyn
ch v s dng, ngi ta phi c c dung dch NaOH n mt nng nht nh theo
yu cu.
3. KHI QUT V C C
a. nh ngha
C c l phng php dng nng cao nng cc cht ho tan trong dung dch
gm 2 hai nhiu cu t. Qu trnh c c ca dung dch lng rn hay lng lng c
chnh lch nhit si rt cao thng c tin hnh bng cch tch mt phn dung mi
(cu t d bay hi hn); l cc qu trnh vt l ho l. Tu theo tnh cht ca cu t
kh bay hi (hay khng bay hi trong qu trnh ), ta c th tch mt phn dung mi
(cu t d bay hi hn) bng phng php nhit (un nng) hoc phng php lm
lnh kt tinh.
b. Cc phng php c c
- Phng php nhit (un nng): dung mi chuyn t trng thi lng sang trng thi hi
di tc dng ca nhit khi p sut ring phn ca n bng p sut tc dng ln mt
thong cht lng.
- Phng php lnh: khi h thp nhit n mt mc no , mt cu t s tch ra di
dng tinh th ca n cht tinh khit; thng l kt tinh dung mi tng nng cht
tan. Tu tnh cht cu t v p sut bn ngoi tc dng ln mt thong m qu trnh kt
tinh xy ra nhit cao hay thp v i khi ta phi dng my lnh.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

c. Bn cht ca s c c do nhit
to thnh hi (trng thi t do), tc chuyn ng v nhit ca cc phn t cht
lng gn mt thong ln hn tc gii hn. Phn t khi bay hi s thu nhit
khc phc lc lin kt trng thi lng v tr lc bn ngoi. Do , ta cn cung
cp nhit cc phn t nng lng thc hin qu trnh ny.
Bn cnh , s bay hi xy ra ch yu l do cc bt kh hnh thnh trong qu trnh
cp nhit v chuyn ng lin tc, do chnh lch khi lng ring cc phn t
trn b mt v di y to nn s tun hon t nhin trong ni c c. Tch
khng kh v lng keo (protit) s ngn chn s to bt khi c c.
d. ng dng ca s c c
Trong sn xut thc phm, ta cn c c cc dung dch ng, m chnh, nc tri
cy Trong sn xut ho cht, ta cn c c cc dung dch NaOH, NaCl, CaCl2, cc mui
v c Hin nay, phn ln cc nh my sn xut ho cht, thc phm u s dng
thit b c c nh mt thit b hu hiu t nng sn phm mong mun. Mc
d c c ch l mt hot ng gin tip nhng n rt cn thit v gn lin vi s tn
ti ca nh my. Cng vi s pht trin ca nh my, vic ci thin hiu qu ca thit
b c c l mt tt yu. N i hi phi c nhng thit b hin i, m bo an ton v
hiu sut cao. Do , yu cu c t ra cho ngi k s l phi c kin thc chc
chn hn v a dng hn, ch ng khm ph cc nguyn l mi ca thit b c c.
4. THIT B C C DNG TRONG PHNG PHP NHIT
a. Phn loi v ng dng
Theo cu to
Nhm 1: dung dch i lu t nhin (tun hon t nhin). Thit b c c nhm ny
c th c c dung dch kh long, nht thp, m bo s tun hon d dng qua
b mt truyn nhit. Bao gm:
C bung t trong (ng trc bung bc), ng tun hon trong hoc ngoi.
C bung t ngoi (khng ng trc bung bc)
Nhm 2: dung dch i lu cng bc (tun hon cng bc). Thit b c c nhm
ny dng bm to vn tc dung dch t 1,5 m/s n 3,5 m/s ti b mt truyn nhit.
u im chnh l tng cng h s truyn nhit k, dng c cho cc dung dch kh
c st, nht cao, gim bm cn, kt tinh trn b mt truyn nhit. Bao gm:
C bung t trong, ng tun hon ngoi.
C bung t ngoi, ng tun hon ngoi.
Nhm 3: dung dch chy thnh mng mng. Thit b c c nhm ny ch cho php
dung dch chy dng mng qua b mt truyn nhit mt ln (xui hay ngc) trnh
s tc dng nhit lu lm bin cht mt s thnh phn ca dung dch. c bit
thch hp cho cc dung dch thc phm nh nc tri cy, hoa qu p. Bao gm:
Mng dung dch chy ngc, c bung t trong hay ngoi: dung dch si
to bt kh v.
Mng dung dch chy xui, c bung t trong hay ngoi: dung dch si t
to bt v bt d v.
Theo phng thc thc hin qu trnh
C c p sut thng (thit b h): nhit si v p sut khng i; thng c
dng trong c c dung dch lin tc gi mc dung dch c nh, nhm t
nng sut cc i v thi gian c c ngn nht.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

5.
C c p sut chn khng: dung dch c nhit si thp p sut chn khng.
Dung dch tun hon tt, t to cn v s bay hi dung mi din ra lin tc.
C c nhiu ni: mc ch chnh l tit kim hi t. S ni khng nn qu ln v
n lm gim hiu qu tit kim hi. Ngi ta c th c chn khng, c p lc hay
phi hp c hai phng php; c bit c th s dng hi th cho mc ch khc
nng cao hiu qu kinh t.
C c lin tc: cho kt qu tt hn c c gin on. C th c iu khin t
ng nhng hin cha c cm bin tin cy.
i vi mi nhm thit b, ta u c th thit k bung t trong, bung t ngoi,
c hoc khng c ng tun hon. Tu theo iu kin k thut v tnh cht ca dung
dch, ta c th p dng ch c c p sut chn khng, p sut thng hoc p
sut d.
b. Cc thit b v chi tit trong h thng c c
- Thit b chnh:
ng nhp liu, ng tho liu
ng tun hon, ng truyn nhit
Bung t, bung bc, y, np
Cc ng dn: hi t, hi th, nc ngng, kh khng ngng
- Thit b ph:
B cha nguyn liu
B cha sn phm
Bn cao v
Lu lng k
Thit b gia nhit
Thit b ngng t baromet
Bm nguyn liu vo bn cao v
Bm tho liu
Bm nc vo thit b ngng t
Bm chn khng
Cc van
Thit b o nhit , p sut
LA CHN THIT B C C DUNG DCH NaOH
Theo tnh cht ca nguyn liu v sn phm, cng nh iu kin k thut ca u ,
ngi vit la chn thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c bung t trong v ng
tun hon trung tm. Thit b c c loi ny c cu to n gin, d v sinh v sa cha.
C c p sut chn khng lm gim nhit si ca dung dch, gim chi ph nng
lng, hn ch vic cht tan b li cun theo v bm li trn thnh thit b (lm h thit
b).
Tuy nhin, loi thit b v phng php ny cho tc tun hon dung dch nh (v ng
tun hon cng c un nng) v h s truyn nhit thp.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH
Nguyn liu ban u l dung dch NaOH c nng 10%. Dung dch t b cha nguyn
liu c bm ln bn cao v. T bn cao v, dung dch chy qua lu lng k ri i vo
thit b gia nhit v c un nng n nhit si.
Thit b gia nhit l thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm: thn hnh tr, t ng, bn
trong gm nhiu ng nh c b tr theo nh hnh tam gic u. Cc u ng c gi
cht trn v ng v v ng c hn dnh vo thn. Ngun nhit l hi nc bo ho c p
sut 4 at i bn ngoi ng (pha v). Dung dch i t di ln bn trong ng. Hi nc
bo ho ngng t trn b mt ngoi ca ng v cp nhit cho dung dch nng nhit
ca dung dch ln nhit si. Dung dch sau khi c gia nhit s chy vo thit b c
c thc hin qu trnh bc hi. Hi nc ngng t thnh nc lng v theo ng dn
nc ngng qua by hi chy ra ngoi.
Nguyn l lm vic ca ni c c:
Phn di ca thit b l bung t, gm c cc ng truyn nhit v mt ng tun
hon trung tm. Dung dch i trong ng cn hi t (hi nc bo ho) i trong khong
khng gian ngoi ng. Hi t ngng t bn ngoi ng v truyn nhit cho dung dch
ang chuyn ng trong ng. Dung dch i trong ng theo chiu t trn xung v nhn
nhit do hi t ngng t cung cp si, lm ho hi mt phn dung mi. Hi ngng
t theo ng dn nc ngng qua by hi chy ra ngoi.
Nguyn tc hot ng ca ng tun hon trung tm:
Khi thit b lm vic, dung dch trong ng truyn nhit si to thnh hn hp lng
hi c khi lng ring gim i v b y t di ln trn ming ng. i vi ng
tun hon, th tch dung dch theo mt n v b mt truyn nhit ln hn so vi trong
ng truyn nhit nn lng hi to ra trong ng truyn nhit ln hn. V l do trn,
khi lng ring ca hn hp lng hi ng tun hon ln hn so vi ng truyn
nhit v hn hp ny c y xung di. Kt qu l c dng chuyn ng tun
hon t nhin trong thit b: t di ln trong ng truyn nhit v t trn xung trong
ng tun hon.
Phn pha trn thit b l bung bc tch hn hp lng hi thnh 2 dng. Hi th
i ln pha trn bung bc, n b phn tch git tch nhng git lng ra khi
dng. Git lng chy xung di cn hi th tip tc i ln. Dung dch cn li c
hon lu.
Dung dch sau c c c bm ra ngoi theo ng tho sn phm vo b cha sn
phm nh bm ly tm. Hi th v kh khng ngng thot ra t pha trn ca
bung bc i vo thit b ngng t baromet (thit b ngng t kiu trc tip). Cht
lm lnh l nc c bm vo ngn trn cng cn dng hi th c dn vo ngn
di cng ca thit b. Dng hi th i ln gp nc gii nhit ngng t thnh
lng v cng chy xung bn cha qua ng baromet. Kh khng ngng tip tc i
ln trn, c dn qua b phn tch git ri c bm chn khng ht ra ngoi. Khi
hi th ngng t thnh lng th th tch ca hi gim lm p sut trong thit b ngng
t gim. V vy, thit b ngng t baromet l thit b n nh chn khng, duy tr p
sut chn khng trong h thng. Thit b lm vic p sut chn khng nn n phi
c lp t cao cn thit nc ngng c th t chy ra ngoi kh quyn m
khng cn bm.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Bnh tch git c mt vch ngn vi nhim v tch nhng git lng b li cun theo
dng kh khng ngng a v bn cha nc ngng.
Bm chn khng c nhim v ht kh khng ngng ra ngoi trnh trng hp
kh khng ngng tch t trong thit b ngng t qu nhiu, lm tng p sut trong
thit b v nc c th chy ngc vo ni c c.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH

I. TNH TON CN BNG VT CHT V CN BNG NNG LNG
1. D kin ban u
Nng nhp liu: x=10%
Nng sn phm: xc=20%
p sut chn khng Pck=0,65at Pc=0,35
Nhit u ca nguyn liu chn t0 =300C
Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ha P=4at
2. Cn bng vt cht
a. Sut lng nhp liu
Theo cng thc 5.16, trang 293, [5]: G .x = Gc.xc
G .x
600.0, 2
Gd c c
1200(kg / m3 )
xd
0,1
- Tng lng hi th bc ln
Gd W Gc
W=Gd Gc 1200 600 600(kg / m3 )

3. Tn tht nhit
Ta c p sut ti thit b ngng t l Pc 1 0,65 0,35(at )
Nhit hi th trong thit b ngng t l tc=72,050 C
(tra [1], bng I.251 trang 314, v ni suy ta c)
''' l tn tht nhit ca hi th trn ng ng dn t bung bc n thit b
ngng t. Chn ''' =10C trang 296 [4]
Nhit si ca dung mi ti p sut bung bc:
tsdm(P0) tc= ''' tsdm(P0)= ''' + tc = 1 +72,05 =73,050 C
p sut bung bc tra [1], trang 312 nhit 73,050 C P0=0,364 (at)
3.1. Tn tht nhit do p sut tng '
Theo cng thc Tisenco (VI.10), trang 59, [2]: ' '0 . f
Trong :
'
0 - tn tht nhit do nhit si ca dung dch ln hn nhit si ca dung
mi p sut kh quyn. Dung dch c c c c tun hon nn a = xc = 20 %
Tra bng VI.2, trang 67, [2]: 8,20C
f h s hiu chnh do khc p sut kh quyn, c tnh theo cng thc VI.11,
trang 59, [2]:
f
t 273
16,14.
Trong :
t - nhit si ca dung mi p sut cho (tsdm(P0) = 73,05 oC)
r - n nhit ho hi ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut lm vic. Tra bng
I.251, trang 314, [1] v ni suy ta c : r = 2325,61 kJ/kg.
73,05 273
16,14.
2325,61.1000
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

0,8311
' 0,8311.8,2 6,8150 C
t sdd P0 ' t sdm 6,815 73,05 79,860 C
3.2.
Tn tht nhit do p sut thu tnh ()

Gi chnh lch p sut t b mt dung dch n gia ng l P (N/m2), ta c:
1
P . s .g .H op (at )
2
Trong :
khi lng ring trung bnh ca dung dch khi si bt; kg/m3
s
0,5.
s
dd
dd khi lng ring thc ca dung dch c khng c bt hi; kg/m3

Chn tsdd ( P0 P) = 800 C, C% = xc = 20 %, ta c dd = 1188 kg/m3 (tra bng
4,trang 11, [5]).
s 0,5.1188 594kg / m3 chiu cao thch hp ca dung dch si tnh theo
knh quan st mc cht lng; m

Hop = [0,26 + 0,0014.(dd dm)].h0
Chn chiu cao ng truyn nhit l h0 = 1,5 m (bng VI.6, trang 80, [2])
dm khi lng ring ca dung mi ti nhit si ca dung dch 800C.
Tra bng I.249, trang 311, [1], = 971,8 kg/m3
dm
Hop = [0,26 + 0,0014.(1188 971,8)].1,5 = 0,84402 (m)

1
0,84402
P .594.9,81.
0,0251( at )
2
9,81.104
Ptb = P0 + P =0,364 + 0,0251 = 0,3891 (at)
Tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1], Ptb = 0,3891 (at) tng ng vi tsdm(Ptb) = 74,660C
Ta c:
= tsdm(P0 + P) tsdm(P0) (trang 108, [3])
=tsdm(P0 + P) tsdd(P0)
= 74,66 73,05 = 1,610C
t sdd Ptb t sdd P0 '' 79,86 1,61 81,470 C
Sai s 1,875% c chp nhn. Vy t (P ) = 80 oC.
sdd
tb
Sn phm c ly ra ti y
t sdd Ptb t sdd P0 2P 79,86 2.1,61 83,080 C
Tng tn tht nhit
' '' ''' 6,815 1,61 1 9,4250 C
Gia nhit bng hi nc bo ha, p sut hi t l 4at, tD=142,90C (bng I.251, trang
315, s tay 1)
Chnh lch nhit hu ch:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

thi t D tc
thi 142,9 (72,05 9, 425) 61, 4250 C
Thng s
Nng u
Nng cui
Nng sut nhp liu
Nng sut tho liu
K hiu
n v
x
%wt
xc
%wt
G
kg/h
Gc
kg/h
HI TH
Sut lng
W
kg/h
p sut
P0
at
0
Nhit
tsdm(P0)
C
Enthalpy
iW
kJ/kg
n nhit ha hi
rW
kJ/kg
HI T
p sut
PW
at
0
Nhit
td
C
n nhit ngng t
rD
kJ/kg
TN THT NHIT
0
Nhit si ca dung dch P0
tsdd(Po)
C
0
Tn tht nhit do nng
C
p sut trung bnh
Ptb
at
0
Nhit si ca dung mi Ptb
tsdm(Ptb)
C
0
Tn tht nhit do ct thu tnh
C
0
Nhit si ca dung dch Ptb
tsdd(Ptb)
C
0
Tn tht nhit trn ng ng
C
0
Tng tn tht nhit
C
0
Chnh lch nhit hu ch
thi
C
4. Cn bng nng lng
4.1. Cn bng nhit lng
Dng nhit vo ( W):
Do dung dch u
Gct
DiD"
Do hi t
Do hi ngng trong ng ng dn hi t
Dng nhit ra ( W):
Do sn phm mang ra
Do hi th mang ra
Do nc ngng
Nhit c c
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Dct D
Gccctc
W .iW"
Dc
Qcd
Gi tr
10
20
1200
600
600
0,364
73,05
2627,79
2325,61
4
142,9
2141
79,86
6,815
0,3891
74,66
1,61
83,08
1
9,425
61,425
Qtt
Nhit tn tht
Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 10 % trc v sau khi i qua thit b gia nhit :
tvo = 30 oC
tra = tsdd(P0) = 73,05 oC
Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 10 % i vo thit b c c l t = 73,05 oC
Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 20 % i ra y thit b c c l:
tc= tsdd(P0) + 2 = 73,05+ 2.1,61 = 76,270C (cng thc 2.15, trang 107, [3])
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch NaOH:
Nhit dung ring ca dung dch NaOH cc nng khc nhau c tnh theo cng
thc
(I.43) v (I.44), trang 152, [1]:
a = 10 % (a < 0,2):
c = 4186.(1 - a) = 4186.(1 - 0,1) = 3767,4 (J/kg.K)
a = 20 % (a = 0,2):
cc = 4186 - (4186 - cct).a = 4186 (4186 1310,75).0,2 = 3610,95 [J/(kg.K)]
Vi cct l nhit dung ring ca NaOH khan, c tnh theo cng thc (I.41) v
bng I.141, trang 152, [1]:
c .1 cO .1 cH .1 26000.1 16800.1 9630.1
cct Na
1310,75
M ct
40
4.2.
Phng trnh cn bng nhit
Gd cd td D.iw'' .D.ct D Gc cctc W.iw'' D.c Qcd Qtt

(+Qc ng vi qu trnh thu nhit, - Qc ng vi qu trnh to nhit)
C th b qua nhit lng do hi nc bo ho ngng t trong ng ng dn hi
t vo bung t: DctD = 0
Nhit c c: Qc = 0
Trong hi nc bo ho, bao gi cng c mt lng nc ngng b cun theo
khong = 0,05 ( m ca hi).
''
Nhit lng do hi nc bo ha cung cp l D(1 )(iD c ); W
Nc ngng chy ra c nhit bng nhit ca hi t vo (khng c qu lnh
''
sau khi ngng) th iD c rD 2325,61(kj / kg ) (n nhit ngng t ca hi t)
Gd cd td D.(1 )(iD'' c ) Gc cctc W.iw'' Qtt

Thay Qtt = QD = 0,05QD
QD D(1 )(1 )(iD'' c ) Gd (cd td cctc ) W.(iw'' cctc )

Nhit do lng hi t biu kin:
QD D(1 )(1 )(iD'' c ) Gd (cd td cctc ) W.(iw'' cctc )

D
Gd (cctc cd td ) W.(iw'' cctc )

(1 )(1 ).rD
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

1200
600
(3610,95.83,08 3767, 4.79,86)
.(2627,79.103 3610,95.83,08)
3600
3600
(1 0,05)(1 0,05).2325,61.103
0, 2325(kg / s)
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp:
QD D(1 )(1 ).rD 0,2325(1 0,05)(1 0,05).2325,61.103 487985,65(W )
Lng hi t tiu tn ring:
D 0, 2325
d
1, 437 (kg hi t/kg hi th)
600
W
3600
Thng s
Nhit vo bung bc
K hiu
t
tc
n v
0
C
C
83,08
Nhit dung ring dung dch 10%
J/(kg.K)
3767,4
Nhit dung ring dung dch 20%
cc
J/(kg.K)
3610,95
Nhit tn tht
Qtt
24399,28
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp
QD
Lng hi t biu kin
kg/s
487985,65
0,2325
Lng hi t tiu tn ring
kg/kg
1, 437
Nhit ra y bung t
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Gi tr
79,86
II. THIT K THIT B CHNH

A. TNH TON TRUYN NHIT CHO THIT B C C
1. H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi
Gim tc hi t nhm bo v cc ng truyn nhit ti khu vc hi t vo bng cch chia
lm nhiu ming vo. Chn tc hi t nh ( = 10 m/s), nc ngng chy mng (do ng
truyn nhit ngn c h0 = 1,5 m), ngng hi bo ho tinh khit trn b mt ng. Cng thc
(V.101), trang 28, [4] c p dng:
r
1 2,04. A.
H .t1
0,25
Trong :
1 h s cp nhit pha hi ngng; W/(m2.K)
r - n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at (2141 kJ/kg)
H - chiu cao ng truyn nhit (H = h0 = 1,5 m)
A - h s, i vi nc th ph thuc vo nhit mng nc ngng tm
tm
t D tv1
2
Sau nhiu ln tnh lp ta chn nhit vch ngoi tv1=136,350C
tm
t D tv1 142,9 136,35
139,6250 C
2
2
Tra A [2], trang 28:

tm; 0C
A
0
104
20
120
40
139
60
155
80
169
100
179
120
188
140
194
160
197
180
199
200
199
Tra bng v ni suy ta c: A=193,1187
t1 t D tv1 142,9 136,35 6,550 C

r
1 2,04. A.
H .t1
0,25
8511,881W / (m 2 .K )
2141.103
2,04.193,1187.
1,5.6,55
0,25
Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng
q1 1.t1 6,55.8511,881 55752,82 W / m2
H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si

p dng cng thc (VI.27), trang 71, [2]:
0,435
2 c
. dd . dd . dm
dm cdm dd
n - h s cp nhit ca nc khi c c theo nng dung dch. Do nc si si

2 n . dd
dm
0,565
bt nn n c tnh theo cng thc (V.91), trang 26, [2]:
n 0,145.P 0,5 .t 2,33

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM
Vi P= P0 = 0,364 at = 35696,21 (N/m2)

Sau khi tnh lp, ta chn t = 84,388 oC
v2
t t2 tv 2 t sdm( Ptb ) 84,388 74,66 9,7280 C

n 0,145.35696,210,5 .9,7282,33 5492,549 W / (m2 .K )
cdd = 4199,88 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca dung dch tsdd(Ptb)

cdm= 4190,728 J/(kg.K) - nhit dung ring ca nc tsdm(Ptb)
dd = 0,0012512 Pa.s - nht ca dung dch tsdd(Ptb)
dm = 0,00136612 Pa.s - nht ca nc tsdm(Ptb)
dd = 1185,536 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca dung dch tsdd(Ptb)

dm = 1190,136 kg/m3 - khi lng ring ca nc tsdm(Ptb)
dd= 0,692 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca dung dch tsdd(Ptb)
dm = 0,696 W/(m.K) - h s dn nhit ca nc tsdm(Ptb)
GHI CH:
cdm, dm , dm , dm: tra bng I.249, trang 311, [1]
dd : tra bng 9, trang 16, [8]
dd : tra bng 4, trang 11, [8]
dd c tnh theo cng thc (I.32), trang 123, [1]:
W
AC. dd 3 ;
M m.K
A h s ph thuc vo mc lin kt ca cht lng.
i vi cht lng lin kt, A = 3,58.10-8
M khi lng mol ca hn hp lng, y l hn hp NaOH v H2O.
M = a.MNaOH + (1 a).MH2O = a.40 + (1 a).18; kg/kmol
M=0,1011.40+0,8989.18=20,2242(vC)
a c xem l phn mol ca dung dch NaOH
Xem nng NaOH trong dung dch l 20% (xc)
xc
0, 2
M NaOH
40
a
0,1011
xc
1 xc 0, 2 1 0, 2
40
18
M NaOH M H 2O
dd 3,58.108.4199,88.1185,536. 3
1185,536
W
0,692
20, 2242
m.K
dm 3,58.108.4190,728.1190,136. 3
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

1190,136
W
0,696
20, 2242
m.K

2 n . dd
dm
0,565
0,692
5492,549.
0,696
2 c
. dd . dd . dm
dm cdm dd
0,565
0,435
1185,536 2 4199,88 0,00136

.
.
.
1190,136 4190,728 0,00125
0,435
5492,549.1, 033 5673,803 W / ( m 2 .K )
2. Nhit ti ring pha tng

Cng thc tnh:
t W
qv n . v ; 2
r m
v
Trong :
rv tng tr vch; m2.K/W
0,003
r v r1 r2 0,3448.103 16,3 0,387.103 0,9158.103 (m2 / K .W)
1
0.3448.103 m 2 .K / W -nhit tr pha hi nc do vch ngoi ca ng
Vi r1
2900
c mng mng nc ngng (bng 31, trang 29, [8]).
r = 0,387.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha dung dch do vch trong ca ng
2
c lp cn bn dy 0,5 mm (bng V.1, trang 4, [2]).

= 3 mm = 0,003 m b dy ng truyn nhit
= 16,3 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca ng (tra bng XII.7, trang 313, [2]
vi ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T)
tv = tv1 - tv2 ; K chnh lch nhit gia 2 vch tng.
Vi qu trnh c c chn khng lin tc, s truyn nhit n nh nn
qv = q1 = q2.
tv qv . rv 9508,8224.0,9158.103 8,708(m2 / K .W)

Nhit ti ring pha dung dch:
q2 2 .t2 5673,803.9,728 55194,756 W / m2
3. Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring
Dng phng php s, ta ln lt tnh lp qua cc bc sau:
nhit tng pha hi ngng t , t tnh t v t = t t .
Chn
v1
m
1
D
v1
Tnh h s cp nhit pha hi ngng 1 theo, t tnh q1.
t qv = q1, t tnh tv.
Tnh tv2 = tv1 tv, t tnh t2 = tv2 tsdm(Ptb) v h s cp nhit pha dung
dch si 2 .
Tnh q2.
Tnh sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1. Vng lp kt thc khi sai s ny nh hn 5
%.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1:

q q 55752,82 55194,756
q 2 1
.100 1% W / m2
q1
55752,82
q 5% nn sai s c chp nhn (cc thng s c chn ph hp).
Nhit ti ring trung bnh:
q q 55752,82 55194,756
qtb 2 1
55473,788 W / m 2
2
2
4. H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c
K c tnh thng qua cc h s cp nhit:
1
1
K
826,766 m2 .K
1
1
1
1
rv
0,9158.103
1
2 8511,881
5673,803
5. Din tch b mt truyn nhit.
QD
487985,65
F
9,609(m2 )
K .thi 826,766.61, 425
Thng s
Nhit tng pha hi ngng
Nhit tng pha dung dch si
H s cp nhit pha hi ngng
H s cp nhit pha dung dch si
B dy ng truyn nhit
H s dn nhit ca vt liu lm ng
Nhit tr pha hi nc
Nhit tr pha dung dch
H s truyn nhit tng qut
Nhit ti ring trung bnh
Din tch b mt truyn nhit
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

K hiu
tv1
tv2
1
2
r1
r2
K
qtb
F
n v
0
C
0
C
W/(m2.K)
W/(m2.K)
m
W/(m.K)
(m2.K)/W
(m2.K)/W
W/(m2.K)
W/m2
m2
Gi tr
136,35
84,388
8511,881
5673,803
0,003
16,3
0.3448.103
0,387.10-3
826,766
55473,788
9,609
B. TNH KCH THC THIT B C C

1. Tnh kch thc bung t
1.1. S ng truyn nhit.
S ng truyn nhit c tnh theo cng thc (III-49), trang 134, [4]:
F
n
.d .l
Trong :
F = 9,609 m2 din tch b mt truyn nhit
l = 1,5 m chiu di ca ng truyn nhit
d ng knh ca ng truyn nhit
V 1 > 2 nn ta chn d = dt = 25 mm.
F
9,609.103
S ng truyn nhit l: n
81,56
.d .l
.1,5.25
Theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2], chn s ng n = 91 v b tr ng theo hnh lc
gic u.
1.2. ng knh ng tun hon trung tm(Dth)
p dng cng thc (III.26), trang 121, [6]:
4. ft
Dth
;m
Chn ft= 0,3FD

.d n2 .n .0,0312.91
0,069(m)
Vi FD
4
4
ft 0,3.FD 0,3.0,069 0,0207(m2 )

Dth
4.0,0207
0,16; m
Chn Dth 0,273 (m)= 273 mm theo tiu chun 290, [5]
Dth 273
10,92 10 (tha)
dt
25
1.3. ng knh bung t (Dt)
Kim tra
0, 4. 2 .d n .sin .F
Dt
,( Dth 2 .d n ) 2 ; m
.l
Trong
t

- h s, thng c gi tr t 1,3 n 1,5. Chn = 1,4.
dn
t bc ng; m
dn = 0,031 m ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
h s s dng v ng, thng c gi tr t 0,7 n 0,9. Chn = 0,8.
Dnth = 0,273 + 2.0,003 = 0,279 m ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung
tm
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

= 60o gc nh ca tam gic u

Dt
0, 4. 2 .d n .sin .F
( Dth 2 .d n ) 2
.l
0, 4.1, 42.0,031.sin 60.9,609
(0, 279 2.1, 4.0,031) 2 0,55( m)

0,8.1,5
Chn Dt=600mm=0,6 m theo tiu chun trang 291, [5]
1.4. Kim tra din tch truyn nhit
Phn b 91 ng truyn nhit c phn b hnh lc gic u nh sau:
S hnh lc gic
5
S ng trn ng xuyn tm
11
Tng s ng khng k cc ng trong hnh vin phn
91
S ng trong cc hnh vin phn
Dy 1
0
Dy 2
0
Tng s ng trong tt c cc hnh vin phn
0
Tng s ng ca thit b
91
Ta cn thay th nhng ng truyn nhit gia hnh lc gic u bng ng
tun hon trung tm. iu kin thay th c suy ra t cng thc (V.140), trang
49, [2]:
Dth t.(b-1) + 4.dn; m
Trong :
t - bc ng; m. Chn t = 1,4dn
D 4d n
273 4.31
1
1 3, 43
b th
t
1, 4.31
Chn b=5 ng theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2]. Nh vy, vng ng truyn
nhit cn c thay th c 5 ng trn ng xuyn tm.
S ng truyn nhit c thay th l
3
3
n b 2 1 1 52 1 1 19 (ng)
4
4
S ng truyn nhit cn li l: 91 19 =72 (ng)
Din tch b mt truyn nhit lc ny:
F ' n '.d1 Dth .H
72.0,025 0,273 . .1,5 9,7688(m2 ) 9,609(m2 ) (tha)

2. Tnh kch thc bung bc
2.1. ng knh bung bc (Db)
Lu lng hi th trong bung bc
W
600
Vh
0,742(m3 / s)
h 3600.0, 22472
Trong :
W- sut lng hi th (kg/h)
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

h 0, 22472(kg / m3 ) -khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc
P0=0,364 (tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1] v ni suy)

Tc hi th trong bung bc
V
0,742 0,9447
wh h 2
.Db .Db2
Db2
4
4
Trong
Db l ng knh bung bc
Tc lng
c tnh theo cng thc (5.14), trang 276, [5]
w0 4 g ( ' '').d 4.9,81.(975,97 1,20,22472).0,0003 1,477
(m / s)
3 . ''
3.7,804.Db .0,22472
Db0,6
h 0, 22472(kg / m3 ) -khi lng ring ca hi th p sut bung bc
P0=0,364 (tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1])

' 975,97 kg / m3 khi lng ring t sdm(P ) 73,050 C (tra bng I.249,
0
trang 311,[1])
d l ng knh git lng; m. ta chn git lng d=0,0003m (tra trang
276,[5])
h s tr lc, tnh theo Re.
w .d . '' 0,9447.0,0003.0, 22472 5,307
(*)
Re h
h
0,000012.Db2
Db2
Vi h 0,012.103 ( Pa.s) nht ng lc hc ca hi th p sut
P0=0,364 at (tra hnh I.35, trang 117, [1])
18,5
Nu 0,2 < Re < 500 th 0,6 (**)
Re
T (*) v (**) suy ra 6,796.Db1,2
p dng iu kin w h (0,7 0,8)w 0 theo [5]
0,9447
1, 477
< 0,7.
2
Db
Db0,6
Db 0,914
Chn Db 1(m) =1000 (mm) theo tiu chun trang 293, [5].
Kim tra li Re
5,307
Re 2 5,307 (tha 0,2< Re <500)
1
Nh vy ng knh bung bc l Db 1(m)
2.2.
Chiu cao bung bc (Hb)
p dng cng thc VI.33, trang 72, [2]:
U tt f .U tt (1at ) ; [m3/(m3.h)]
Trong :
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

f h s hiu chnh do khc bit p sut kh quyn

U tt (1at ) : cng bc hi th tch cho php khi P = 1 at
Chn U tt (1at ) 1650 m3 / m3 .h , f=1,1 (tra hnh VI.3, trang 72, [2].
U tt (1at ) 1,1.1650 1815 m3 / m3.h
Th tch bung bc
W
600
Vb
1, 47(m3 )
h .U tt 0, 22472.1815
V
4.1, 47
Chiu cao bung bc H b b 2
1,872(m3 )
2
.Db
.1
4
Nhm mc ch an ton ta chn H b 2,5(m) (iu kin cho qu trnh si si
bt)
3. Tnh kch thc cc ng dn.
ng knh ca cc ng c tnh mt cch tng qut theo cng thc (VI.41), trang 74,
[2]:
4.G
d
.v.
Trong :
G lu lng khi lng ca lu cht; kg/s
v tc ca lu cht; m/s
khi lng ring ca lu cht; kg/m3
3.1. ng nhp liu
Gd 1200(kg / h)
Nhp liu cht lng t nht (dung dch NaOH 10% 79,860C). Chn v=2 (m/s)
(trang 74, [2]) 1077,084(kg / m )

4.G
4.1200
d
0,014(m)
.v.
3600. .2.1077,084
Chn dt=20 (mm); dn=25 (mm)
3.2. ng tho liu
Gd 600(kg / h) Tho liu cht lng t nht (dung dch NaOH 20% 83,080C).
Chn v=1,5 (m/s) (trang 74, [2])
3
1085,228(kg / m3 )
4.G
4.600
0,0114(m)
.v.
3600. .1,5.1085, 228
3.3. ng dn hi t
D 0,2325(kg / s)
Dn hi nc bo ha p sut 4 at, chn v=20(m/s) theo tiu chun trang 74, [2].
2,12(kg / m3 ) ( tra bng I.251, trang 314, [1])
d
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

4.G
4.0, 4718
0,119(m)
.v.
.20.2,12
Chn dt=120 (mm); dn=129 (mm)
3.4. ng dn hi th
W=600 (kg/h)
Dn hi nc bo ha p sut 0,364at, chn v=20(m/s) theo tiu chun trang 74,
[2].
d
4.G
4.600
0,048(m)
.v.
3600. .20.4,525
Chn dt= 50 (mm); dn= 55 (mm)
3.5. ng dn nc ngng
1
Gn D
3
1
Gn .0, 2325 0,0775(kg / s)
3
Dn hi nc bo ha p sut 4at, chn v=20(m/s) theo tiu chun trang 74, [2].
4.G
4.0,0775
0,0278(m)
.v.
3 .20.2,12
3.6. ng dn kh khng ngng
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

C. TNH BN C KH CHO CC CHI TIT CA THIT B C C

1. Tnh cho bung t
1.1. S lc v cu to
Bung t c ng knh trong Dt = 600 mm, chiu cao Ht = 1500 mm.
Thn c 3 l, ng vi 3 ng: dn hi t, x nc ngng, x kh khng ngng.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit.
1.2. Tnh ton
a. B dy ti thiu S
Hi t l hi nc bo ho c p sut 4 at nn bung t chu p sut trong l:
Pm=PD Pa= 4 1 = 3 at = 0,2943 N/mm2
p sut tnh ton l:
P = P + gH = 0,2943 + 1185,536.9,81.10-6.1,5 = 0,312 N/mm2
t
Nhit ca hi t vo l tD = 142,9 oC, vy nhit tnh ton ca bung t

l:
t = t + 20 = 142,9 + 20 = 162,9 oC (trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit).
tt
Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l:
[]*= 115 N/mm2.
Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]).
ng sut cho php ca vt liu l:
[] = .[]* = 0,95.115 = 109,25 N/mm2
Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt l E = 2,05.105
N/mm2
Xt
. 109, 25.0,95 332,65 25
Pt
0,312
Theo cng thc 5-3, trang 96, [7]:
Dt .Pt
600.0,312
S'
0,9018 (mm)
2. . 109, 25.0,95
Trong :
= 0,95 h s bn mi hn (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 1 pha)
Dt 600 mm ng knh trong ca bung t
Pt= 0,313 N/mm2 p sut tnh ton ca bung t
b. B dy thc S
Dt=600 mm Smin=3mm > 0,9018 mm, chn S=Smin=3mm

Chn h s n mn ho hc l Ca = 1 mm (thi gian lm vic 10 nm).
Vt liu c xem l bn c hc nn Cb = Cc = 0.
Chn h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy C0 =0,22 mm (theo bng
XIII.9, trang 364, [2]).
H s b sung b dy l:
C = Ca + Cb + Cc+ C0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0,22 = 1,22 mm
B dy thc l:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

S = S + C = 3 + 1,22 = 4,22 mm
Chn S = 5 mm.
c. Kim tra b dy bung t
p dng cng thc 5-10, trang 97, [7]
S Ca 5 1
0,00667 0,1 (tha)

Dt
600
p sut tnh ton cho php trong bung t:
2. . . S Ca
P
Dt S Ca
2.109, 25.0,95.(5 1)
1,345( N / mm 2 ) 0,312 N / mm 2
600 (5 1)
Vy b dy bung t l 5 mm.
ng knh ngoi ca bung t:
Dn= Dt + 2S = 600 + 2.5 = 610 mm
d. Tnh bn cho cc l
ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]):
d max 3,7. 3 Dt ( S Ca ).(1 k ); mm
Trong :
Dt = 600 mm ng knh trong ca bung t
S = 5 mm b dy ca bung t
k h s bn ca l
Pt .Dt
0,312.600
k
0,186
2,3. P . S Ca 2,3.109,25 0,312.5 1
d max 3,7. 3 Dt ( S Ca ).(1 k ) 3,7. 3 600.(5 1).(1 0,186) 46, 25; mm

So snh:
ng dn hi t Dt= 300 mm > dmax
ng x nc ngng Dt= 30 mm < dmax
ng x kh khng ngng Dt = 20 mm < dmax
Cn tng cng cho l ca hi t vo, dng bc tng cng vi b dy
khu tng cng bng b dy thn (5mm)
2. Tnh cho bung bc
2.1. S lc v cu to
Bung bc c ng knh trong l Dt = 1000 mm, chiu cao Ht = 2500
mm.
Thn c 5 l, gm: ng nhp liu, ng thng p, ca sa cha v 2 knh
quan st.
Pha di bung bc l phn hnh nn ct c g lin kt vi bung t.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T, c bc lp cch nhit.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

2.2. Tnh ton

a. B dy ti thiu S.
Bung bc lm vic iu kin chn khng nn chu p lc t bn ngoi.
V p sut tuyt i thp nht bn trong l 0,364 at nn bung bc chu p
sut ngoi l:
Pn=Pm= 2Pa P0= 2.1 0,364 = 1,636 at = 0,16 N/mm2
Nhit ca hi th ra l tsdm ( P0 ) 73,050 C , vy nhit tnh ton ca bung
bc l: ttt=73,05 + 20 = 93,050C (trng hp thn c bc lp cch nhit).
Chn h s bn mi hn h = 0,95 (bng 1-8, trang 19, [7], hn 1 pha)
Theo hnh 1.2, trang 16, [7], ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu ttt l:
[]* = 122 N/mm2
Chn h s hiu chnh = 0,95 (c bc lp cch nhit) (trang 17, [7]).
ng sut cho php ca vt liu l:
[] = .[]* =0,95.122=115,9 N/mm2
Tra bng 2.12, trang 34, [7]: module n hi ca vt liu ttt l E = 2,05.105
N/mm2.
Chn h s an ton khi chy l nc = 1,65 (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7]).
ng sut chy ca vt liu l:
ct .nc 122.1,65 201,3 N / mm2

*
Khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 30% tsdd(Ptb) l
1185,536 kg / m3
p dng cng thc 5-14, trang 98, [7]:
P L
S ' 1,18.D. n .
E D
6,14(mm)
b.
0,4
2500
0,16
1,18.1000.
.
5
2,05.10 1000
0,4
Dt= 1000 mm ng knh trong ca bung bc

Pn= 0,16 N/mm2 p sut tnh ton ca bung bc
L = 2500 mm chiu di tnh ton ca thn, l khong cch gia hai mt bch.
B dy thc S.
Dt=1000 mm Smin = 3 mm < 4,582 mm chn S = 6,14 mm (theo
bng 5.1, trang 94, [7]).
Chn h s n mn ho hc l Ca = 1 mm (thi gian lm vic 10 nm).
Vt liu c xem l bn c hc nn Cb = Cc = 0.
Chn h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy C0 = 0,5 mm (theo bng
XIII.9, trang 364, [2]).
H s b sung b dy l:
C = Ca + Cb + Cc + C0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0,5 = 1,5 mm
B dy thc S=S+C=6,14+1,5=7,64 mm
Chn S= 8 mm
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

c. Kim tra b dy bung bc.
L 2500
2,5
Dt 1000
p dng cng thc 5-15, trang 99, [7]
1,5
2 S Ca L
Dt
Dt
Dt
2 S Ca
1,5
2 8 1
2,5
1000
1000
2 8 1
0,177 2,5 8, 45
Kim tra cng thc 5-16, trang 99, [7]
Ett 2 S Ca
L
0,3. t .
Dt
c
Dt
2,05.105 2 8 1
2,5 0,3.
.
201,3
1000
2,5 0,506 (tha)

d. Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi.
So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [Pn] theo 5-19, trang
99, [7]:
D S Ca
Pn 0,649.E . t .
.
L Dt
S Ca P
Dt
1000 8 1 8 1
0,649.2,05.10 .
.
0,16 N / mm 2
.
2500 1000
1000
2
0,218 N / mm2 0,16 N / mm2 (tha)
e. Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ca lc nn chiu trc.

Xt: L = 2500 mm 5D = 5.1000 = 5000 mm
Lc nn chiu trc ln bung bc:
Dn2
1000 2.8 .0,16 129651,35( N )
Pnct . .Pn .
4
4
2
Theo iu kin 5-33, trang 103, [7]:
25
D
1000
71, 42 250
2( S Ca ) 2.(8 1)
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

D
Tra qc f
trang 103, [7]
2( S Ca )
D
2( S Ca )
50
qc
0,05
qc 0,07
Kc 875.
100
150
200
250
500
0,098
0,14
0,15
0,14
0,118
ct
E
.qc 875.
t
1000 2000
2500
0,08
0,055
0,06
201,3
.0,07 0,06
2,05.105
iu kin tha mn n nh ca thn (5-32, trang 103, [7])

Pnct
S Ca
.Kc .E t
8 1
129651,35
.0,06.2,05.105
7 1,83(thoa )
ng sut nn p c tnh theo cng thc 5-48, trang 107, [7]:
Pnct
129651,35
n
5,85 N / mm 2
. Dt S . S Ca 1000 8 . 8 1
ng sut nn cho php c tnh theo cng thc 5-31, trang 103, [7]:
S Ca
8 1
0,06.2,05.105.
86,1 N / mm2 (1)
n Kc .E t .
Dt
1000
f. Kim tra n nh ca thn khi chu tc dng ng thi ca p sut ngoi
v lc nn p chiu trc :
Kim tra iu kin 5-47, trang 107, [7]
n
P
5,85 0,16
n 1
1
86,1 0, 218
n Pn
0,8 1(thoa)
Vy b dy bung bc l 8mm
ng knh ngoi bung bc:
Dn Dt 2S 1000 2.8 1016(mm)
g. Tnh bn cho cc l.
ng knh l cho php khng cn tng cng (cng thc 8-2, trang 162, [7]):
d max 3,7. 3 Dt ( S Ca ).(1 k ); mm
Trong :
S = 8 mm b dy ca bung t
k h s bn ca l
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Pn .Dt
0,218.1000
0,157
2,3. Pn t . S Ca 2,3.86,1 0,218.8 1
d max 3,7. 3 Dt ( S Ca ).(1 k ) 3,7. 3 1000.(8 1).(1 0,157) 66,86; mm

So snh:
ng dn nhp liu Dt = 20 mm < dmax
Ca sa cha Dt = 600 mm > dmax
Knh quan st Dt = 200 mm > dmax
Cn tng cng cho l ca hi t vo, dng bc tng cng vi b dy
khu tng cng bng b dy thn (8 mm)
3. Tnh cho y thit b
3.1. S lc v cu to
Chn y nn tiu chun Dt=600 mm.
y nn c phn g cao 40 mm v gc y l 2 = 600.
Tra bng XIII.21, trang 394, [2]:
Chiu cao ca y nn (khng k phn g) l H = 544 mm
Th tch ca y nn l V= 0,071 m3
y nn c khoan 1 l tho liu v 1 l gn vi th sn phm.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T
3.2. Tnh ton
a. Chiu cao hnh nn ct ni bung t v bung bc Hc:
Chiu cao ny bng chiu cao ca phn dung dch trong bung bc.
Tng th tch ca ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm:
n '.dt2 Dth2
91.0,0252 0, 2732
V1 .
.l .
.1,5 0,1548(m3 )
4
4
Th tch ca phn y nn:
V=V2=0,071 m3
Vi ng knh trong ca ng nhp liu l 20 mm, tc nhp liu c
tnh li:
1200
Gd
3600
vnl
0,985(m / s)
2
d nl
0,022
.1077,084
. .
4
4
Tc dung dch i trong ng tun hon trung tm:
v .d 2 0,985.0,022
v ' nl 2 nl
5, 28.103 (m / s )
2
Dth
0, 273
Thi gian lu ca dung dch trong thit b:
V
0,071
l d 2 1,5
Dth
0, 2732
.
l l'
4
4
513,816( s)
v'
v'
5, 28.103
Trong :
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

vnl tc ca dung dch trong ng nhp liu; m/s

dnl ng knh trong ca ng nhp liu; m
Dth ng knh trong ca ng tun hon; m
l chiu di ca ng truyn nhit; m
l chiu di hnh hc ca y; m
Th tch dung dch i vo trong thit b:
1200
G
G
3600 .513,816 0,318 m3

V Vs . d . ddd . 1077,084
s
2
2
Trong :
s dd - khi lng ring ca dung dch si bt trong thit b; kg/m3

2
Tng th tch ca phn hnh nn ct v phn g ni vi bung t:
V3 V V1 V2 0,318 0,1548 0,071 0,0922 m3
Chn chiu cao ca phn g ni vi bung t l Hgc=40mm
Th tch ca phn g ni vi bung t:
Dd2
0,62
Vgc . .hgc .
.0,04 0,0113 m3
4
4
Th tch ca phn nn ct
Vc V3 Vgc 0,0922 0,0113 0,0809 m3
Chiu cao cht lng ca hnh nn ct
V3
0,0922
Hc
0,1797 m
2
2
2
2
D
D
.
D
D
1
1.0,6
0,6
b b d d .
.
12
12
Chn H c 180 mm
b. B dy thc S:
- Chiu cao ca ct cht lng trong thit b:
H ' H c H gc H bd H d 180 40 1500 (40 544) 2304 mm
Trong :
Hc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn hnh nn ct; mm
Hgc chiu cao ca cht lng trong phn g ni vi bung t; mm
Hb chiu cao ca cht lng trong bung t; mm
H chiu cao ca cht lng trong y nn; mm
- p sut thy tnh do ct cht lng gy ra trong thit b:
Ptt dd .g.H ' 1188.9,81.2,304.106 0,0269 N / mm2
-
y c p sut tuyt i bn trong l: P0=0,364 at nn chu p sut ngoi l

1,636 at = 0,16 N/mm2. Ngoi ra y cn chu p sut thy tnh do ct cht
lng gy ra trong thit b. Nh vy, p sut tnh ton l:
Pn Pm Ptt 0,16 0,0269 0,1869 N / mm2
Cc thng s lm vic
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Dt =600mm
P0=0,364at
0
t m t sdd P0 2P 83,08 C
Cc thng s tnh ton
l chiu cao tnh ton ca y; m l=H=544 mm
D ng knh tnh ton ca y; m (cng thc 6-29, trang 133, [7])
D'
0,9.Dt 0,1.dt 0,9.600 0,1.20
625,848( mm )
cos
cos300
Trong :
dt =20mm ng knh trong b ca y nn (ng knh ng
tho liu)
Pn 0,1869 N / mm2
tt = 83,08 + 20=103,080 C (y c lp bc cch nhit)
- Cc thng s cn tra v chn
[]* = 120 N/mm2 ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt (hnh
1-2, trang 16, [7])
= 0,95 h s hiu chnh (y c bc lp cch nhit)
[] = .[]* = 0,95.120 = 114 N/mm2 ng sut cho php ca vt liu
Et = 2,05.105 (N/mm2) module n hi ca vt liu tt (bng 2-12, trang
34, [7])
nc= 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7])
- Chn b dy tnh ton l S= 5 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung t
c. Kim tra b dy y:
l'
544
0,869
D ' 625,848
1,5
2 S Ca l '
D'
D'
D'
2 S Ca
1,5
2 5 1
625,848
0,869
625,848
2 5 1
0,17 0,869 8,844 (tha)

Ett 2 S Ca
l'
0,3. t .
D'
c
D'
2,05.105 2 5 1
0,869 0,3.
.
198
625,848
0,869 0,449 (tha)
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

d. Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca p sut ngoi:

So snh Pn vi p sut tnh ton cho php trong thit b [Pn] theo 5-19, trang 99,
[7]:
D S Ca
Pn 0,649.E t . t .
.
L Dt
S Ca P
600 5 1
.
0,649.2,05.105.
.
544 600
5 1 0,16
Dt
600
N / mm
2
0,53 N / mm2 0,16 N / mm2 (thoa)

e. Kim tra n nh ca y khi chu tc dng ca lc nn p chiu trc :
Lc tnh ton P nn y :
Dn2
600 2.5 .0,53 154890,728( N )
P . .Pn .
4
4
2
Theo iu kin 5-33, trang 103, [7]:
25
D
600
75 250
2( S Ca ) 2.(5 1)
D
Tra qc f
trang 103, [7]
2(
S
C
)
a
D
2( S Ca )
50
100
qc
0,05 0,098
qc 0,074
Kc 875.
ct
E
150
200
250
500
0,14
0,15
0,14
0,118
.qc 875.
P .Kc .E t . S Ca
1000 2000
2500
0,08
0,055
0,06
198
.0,074 0,0625
2,05.105
.cos 2 0,0625.2,05.105. 5 1 .cos 2 300

2
483321,5 N 154890,728 N
f. iu kin n nh ca y:
P
P
154890,728 0,1869
n 1
1
483321,5
0,53
P Pn
0,385 1(thoa)
Vy b dy y l 5 mm
g. Tnh bn cho cc l:
V y ch c l tho liu nn ng knh ln nht ca l cho php
khng cn tng cng c tnh theo cng thc (8-3), trang 162, [7]:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

S Ca
d max 2
0,8 . D ' S Ca Ca
S '
5 1
d max 2
0,8 . 625,848 5 1 1 51,37(mm)
Trong :
S b dy y thit b; mm
S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca
bung t)
Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm
Dt ng knh trong ca y; mm
So snh:
ng tho liu: Dt= 20 mm< dmax
khng cn tng cng cho l
4. Tnh cho np thit b
4.1. S lc v np thit b
Chn np ellipse tiu chun Dt=1000 mm.
D 1000
ht t
250(mm) v Rt=Dt=1000mm.
4
4
Np c g v chiu cao g l hg=25mm.
Np c mt l thot hi th.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T.
4.2. Tnh ton
a. B dy thc S
Np c p sut tuyt i bn trong ging nh bung bc l P0= 0,364 at
nn chu p sut ngoi l Pn = 1,636 at = 0,16 N/mm2
Nhit tnh ton ca np ging nh bung bc l tt=73,05 + 20 =
93,050C (np c bc lp cch nhit).
Chn b dy tnh ton np S = 8 mm, bng vi b dy thc ca bung bc.
b. Kim tra b dy np
- Xt cc t s:
ht
250
0, 25
Dt 1000
Rt 1000
125
S
8
0,15.E t 0,15.2,05.105
221,86
x. ct
0,7.198
Rt 0,15.E t
h

v 0, 2 t 0,3
t
S
x. c
Dt
2. n . S Ca
(cng thc 6-12, trang 127, [7])
Pn
.Rt
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Et = 2,05.105 N/mm2 module n hi ca vt liu tt (bng 2-12, trang

34, [7])
ct nc . * 1,65.122 201,3( N / mm2 ) gii hn chy ca vt liu tt,
(cng thc 1-3, trang 13, [7])
Vi: []* = 122 N/mm2 - ng sut cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt
(hnh 1-2, trang 16, [7])
nc= 1,65 h s an ton khi chy (bng 1-6, trang 14, [7])
x = 0,7 vi thp khng g
E t . S Ca 5.x.Rt . ct
t
E . S Ca 6,7.x.Rt . 1 x . ct
2,05.105.(8 1) 5.0,7.1000.198
1, 24
2,05.105.(8 1) 6,7.0,7.1000.(1 0,7).198
n 86,1 N / mm2 ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm np (1)

2.86,1. 8 1
Pn
0,972 N / mm 2 0,16 N / mm 2 tha
1, 24.1000
Vy b dy ca np ellip l 8mm
c. Tnh bn cho cc l
V np ch c l tho liu nn ng knh ln nht ca l cho php khng cn
tng cng c tnh theo cng thc 8-3, trang 162, [7]:
S Ca
d max 2
0,8 . Dt ( S Ca ) Ca ; mm
S '
8 1
d max 2
0,8 . 1000.(8 1) 1 107,15(mm)
4,582
Trong :
S = 8 mm b dy ca np thit b.
S b dy tnh ton ti thiu ca y; mm (chn theo cch tnh ca
bung bc); mm
Ca h s b sung do n mn; mm
Dt ng knh trong ca np thp; mm
So snh ng dn hi th
ng dn hi th Dt = 300mm > dmax
Cn tng cng cho l ng dn hi th, dung bc tng cng vi b
dy khu tng cng b dy np (8 mm)
5. Tnh mt bch
5.1. S lc v cu to
Bu lng v bch c lm t bng thp CT3.
Mt bch y c dng ni np ca thit b vi bung bc, bung
bc vi bung t v bung t vi y ca thit b. Chn bch lin bng thp,
kiu 1 (bng XIII.27, trang 417, [2]).
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Cc thng s c bn ca mt bch:
Dt ng knh gi; mm
D ng knh ngoi ca mt bch; mm
Db ng knh vng bu lng; mm
Dl ng knh n vnh ngoi m; mm
D0 ng knh n vnh trong m; mm
db ng knh bu lng; mm
Z s lng bu lng; ci
h chiu dy mt bch; mm
5.2. Chn mt bch
Mt bch ni bung t v bung bc
Bung t v bung bc c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung t Dt= 600
mm.
p sut tnh ton ca bung t l 0,312 N/mm2.
p sut tnh ton ca bung bc l 0,364 N/mm2
Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py=0,4 N/mm2 bch kn thn.
Cc thng s ca bch c tra t bng XIII.27, trang 419, [2]:
Py
Dt
D
N/mm2
0,6
mm
600
740
BUNG BC BUNG T
Kch thc
Bu lng
ni
db
Z
Db
D1
D0
mm
mm
ci
690
650
611
M20
20
Kiu bch
1
h
m
mm
mm
20
5
Mt bch ni bung t v y.
Bung t v y c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung t Dt = 600 mm.
p sut tnh ton ca bung t l 0,312 N/mm
p sut tnh ton ca y l 0,1869 N/mm2
Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py= 1 N/mm bch kn thn.
BUNG T Y
Kch thc
Kiu bch
1
Bu lng
Py
Dt
ni
db
Z
h
m
D
Db
D1
D0
2
N/mm
mm
mm
mm
ci
mm
mm
0,6
600
740
690
650
611
M20
20
20
5
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Mt bch ni np v bung bc
Bung bc v np c ni vi nhau theo ng knh bung bc Dt = 600 mm.
p sut tnh ton ca bung t l 0,364 N/mm2
p sut tnh ton ca np l 0,1869 N/mm2
Chn d phng p sut trong thn l Py= 1 N/mm bch kn thn.
Py
NI NP BUNG BC
Kch thc
Bu lng
ni
db
Z
Db
D1
D0
Dt
D
N/mm2 mm
0,3
1000
1140
mm
1090 1075
1015
mm
M20
Kiu bch
1
h
m
ci
28
mm
22
mm
6
6. Tnh v ng
6.1. S lc v cu to
Chn v ng loi phng trn, lp cng vi thn thit b. V ng phi gi cht cc
ng truyn nhit v bn di tc dng ca ng sut.
Dng ca v ng c gi nguyn trc v sau khi nong.
Vt liu ch to l thp khng g OX18H10T
Nhit tnh ton ca v ng l tt = tD = 142,90C.
2
ng sut un cho php tiu chun ca vt liu tt l u 118 N / mm
*
(hnh 1-2, trang 16, [7]). Chn h s hiu chnh = 1.

ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt l:
u . u 1.118 118 N / mm2

*
6.2.
Chn mt bch
Tnh cho v ng trn bung t
Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha ngoi ca v ng h1' c xc nh theo
cng thc (8-47), trang 181, [7].
P0
0, 2943
h1' Dt .K .
600.0,3.
8,99(mm)
118
u
Trong :
K = 0,3 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; mm
P0 p sut tnh ton trong ng; N/mm2
[]u ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt; N/mm2
Chn h1' 10mm
Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng h c xc
nh theo cng thc (8-48), trang 181, [7]:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

h ' Dt .K .
P0
u .0
Trong :
K = 0,45 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
0 h s lm yu v ng do khoan l:
D d
0 n 1
Dn
Vi:
Dn - ng knh v ng; mm
d tng ng knh ca cc l c b tr trn ng knh v; mm

d = 6.25 + 273 = 423 mm
D d 600 423

0, 295 1
n
Dn
h ' 600.0, 45.
600
0, 2943
24,8(mm)
118.0, 295
Chn h = 30 mm
Kim tra bn v ng:
ng sut un ca v c xc nh theo cng thc (8-53), trang 183, [7]:
P
u
u
2
d
h
'

3,6. 1 0,7. n .
L L
Trong :
dn=29mm
3
3
L
t
.0,0406 0,035m 35mm c xc nh theo hnh 8-14,
2
2
trang 182, [7] vi cc ng c b tr theo nh ca tam gic u.
t = 0,0406m bc ng.
0, 2943
u
0, 2656 N / mm 2 118 N / mm 2
2
29 30
3,6. 1 0,7.
.
35,16 35,16
Vy v ng trn bung t dy 30mm

Tnh cho v ng di bung t
Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha ngoi ca v ng h1' c xc nh theo
cng thc (8-47), trang 181, [7].
P0
0, 2943
h1' Dt .K .
600.0,3.
8,99(mm)
118
u
Trong :
K = 0,3 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; mm
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

P0 p sut tnh ton trong ng; N/mm2

P0 Pm dd max .g.H 0, 2943 1186.9,81.1,5.106 0,312( N / mm 2 )
Vi dd max dd (20%,79,860 C ) 1186 Kg / m3 chn d phng
[]u ng sut un cho php ca vt liu tt; N/mm2

Chn h1' 10mm
Chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng h c xc nh
theo cng thc (8-48), trang 181, [7]:
P0
h ' Dt .K .
u .0
Trong :
K = 0,45 h s c chn (trang 181, [7])
0 h s lm yu v ng do khoan l:
D d
0 n 1
Dn
Vi:
Dn - ng knh v ng; mm
d tng ng knh ca cc l c b tr trn ng knh v; mm

d = 6.25 + 273 = 423 mm
D d 600 423

0, 295 1
n
Dn
h ' 600.0, 45.
600
0, 2943
24,8(mm)
118.0, 295
Chn h = 30 mm
Kim tra bn v ng:
ng sut un ca v c xc nh theo cng thc (8-53), trang 183, [7]:
P
u
u
2
d
h
'

3,6. 1 0,7. n .
L L
Trong :
dn=29mm
3
3
L
t
.0,0406 0,035m 35mm c xc nh theo hnh 8-14,
2
2
trang 182, [7] vi cc ng c b tr theo nh ca tam gic u.
t = 0,0406m bc ng.
0,312
u
0, 2817 N / mm 2 118 N / mm 2
2
29 30
3,6. 1 0,7.
.
35,16 35,16
Vy v ng trn bung t dy 30mm
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

7. Khi lng v tai treo

Khi lng tai treo cn chu:
m = mtb + mdd
Tng khi lng thp lm thit b:
mtb= m + mn + mbb + mb + mc + mv + mng T N + mng TH + mbch + mbu lng + mc
Trong :
m khi lng thp lm y; kg
mn khi lng thp lm np; kg
mbb khi lng thp lm bung bc; kg
mb khi lng thp lm bung t; kg
mc khi lng thp lm phn hnh nn ct ni bung bc v bung t; kg
mng T N khi lng thp lm ng truyn nhit; kg
mng TH khi lng thp lm ng tun hon trung tm; kg
Khi lng ring ca thp khng g OX18H10T l 1 7900 kg/m3
Khi lng ring ca thp CT3 l 2 = 7850 kg/m3
7.1. Bung t
Bung t c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm bung t:
Vbd
2
2
. Dnbd
Dtbd
.H bd
. 0,612 0,62 .1,5 0,0143( m3 )
4
4
Trong :
Dnbd - ng knh ngoi bung t
7.2.
7.3.
Dtbd - ng knh trong bung t

H bd - chiu cao bung t
Khi lng thp lm bung t:
mb 1.Vb 7900.0,0143 112,614(kg )
Bung bc
Bung bc c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm bung bc:
2
2
Vbd . Dnbb
Dtbb
.H bd . 1,0162 12 .2,5 0,0633(m3 )
4
4
Trong :
Dnbb - ng knh ngoi bung bc
Dtbb - ng knh trong bung bc
H bb - chiu cao bung bc
Khi lng thp lm bung bc:
mbb 1.Vb 7900.0,0633 500,07(kg )
Phn hnh nn ct gia bung bc v bung t
Hnh nn ct c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
ng knh trong ln bng ng knh bung bc Dtl= 1000mm.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ng knh trong nh bng ng knh bung t Dtn = 600 mm.

B dy ca phn hnh nn ct (khng tnh g) bng vi b dy bung
bc S = 8 mm.
B dy ca phn g nn ct bng vi b dy bung t S = 5 mm.
Chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct (khng tnh g) l Hc = 180 mm.
Chiu cao ca phn g nn ct l Hgc= 40 mm.
Th tch thp lm phn hnh nn ct:
Vbd
Vbd
. Dnl Dnl .Dnn Dnn2 Dtl2 Dtl .Dtn Dtn2 .H c .Dd2 .H gc
12
. 1,0162 1,016.0,616 0,616 2 12 1.0,6 0,6 2 .0,18 . 0,612 0,62
12
4
3
Vbd 0,013(m )
Khi lng thp lm phn hnh nn ct:
mc 1.Vc 7900.0,013 102,7( kg )
7.4. y nn
y nn c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
y nn tiu chun c gc y 600, c g cao 40 mm.
Dt = 600 mm S = 5 mm
Tra bng XIII.21, trang 394, [2]:
Khi lng thp lm y nn:
m = 1,01.27,5 = 27,775 kg
7.5. Np ellipse
Np ellipse c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T. Np ellipse tiu chun
c: Dt = 1000 mm S = 8 mm
hg = 25 mm
Tra bng XIII.11, trang 384, [2]
Khi lng thp lm np ellipse:
mn = 1,01.49 = 42,925 kg
7.6. ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm
ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm ng:
2
2
n '. d n2 dt2 Dnth
Dtth
.H
Vong Vong TN Vong TH
4
91. 0,0292 0,0252 0, 2792 0, 2732
.H (m3 )
Vong
4
Trong :dn ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit; m
dt ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit; m
Dnth ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
Dtth ng knh trong ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
H chiu cao ca ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm; m
Khi lng thp lm ng:
mng 1.Vng 7900.0,013 102,7(kg )
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Mt bch
C 6 mt bch, gm 2 mt ni np v bung bc, 2 mt ni bung bc v
bung t, 2 mt ni bung t v y. Cc mt bch pha bung t c v
ng. Mt bch c lm bng thp CT3.
Th tch thp lm hai mt bch
V1 2 . D 2 Dt2 Z .db2 .h
4
V1 . 0,742 0,62 20.0,022 .0,02 0,0056(m3 )

2
Th tch thp lm hai v ng c mt bch
2
V2 2 . D 2 Dnth
n '.d n2 Z .db2 .h
4
V2 . 0,742 0, 2732 91.0,0292 20.0,022 .0,02 0,0122( m3 )

2
Trong :
D, Z, db, h l nhng thng s ca bch ni bung bc bung t v
bch ni bung t y.
Dt ng knh trong ca bung t; m
dn ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit; m
Dnth ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm; m
Th tch thp lm mt bch ni np v bung bc
V3 2 . D 2 Dt2 Z .db2 .h
4
V3 . 1,1402 12 28.0,022 .0,022 9,966.103 ( m3 )

2
Tng th tch thp lm mt bch:
Vbch V1 V2 V3 0,0056 0,0122 9,966.103 0,027766(m3 )
Tng khi lng thp lm phn hnh nn ct:
mbch 2 .Vbch 7850.0,027766 217,96(kg )
7.8. Bulong v ren
7.7.
Bu lng v ren c lm bng thp CT3.

Dng cho bch ni bung bc bung t v bch ni bung t y:
D 2 .H db2 h ' h '' h '''

V 2.Z . .
4
Trong :
D = 1,7.db= 1,7.20 = 34 mm ng knh bu lng
H = 0,8.db= 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao phn bu lng khng cha li
h = 0,8.db= 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
h = h + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22 mm chiu cao phn li bu lng
h = 9 mm kch thc phn ren trng
'
1
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

0,0342.0,016 0,022. 0,016 0,022 0,009

V 2.20. .
0,001172(m3 )
4
'
1
Dng cho bch ni bung bc np
D 2 .H db2 h ' h '' h '''

V Z . .
4
Trong :
D = 1,7.db = 1,7.20 = 34 mm ng knh bu lng
H = 0,8.db = 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao phn bu lng khng cha li
h = 0,8.db= 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
h = h + 2 = 22 + 2 = 24 mm chiu cao phn li bu lng
h = 9 mm kch thc phn ren trng
0,0342.0,016 0,022. 0,016 0,024 0,009
'
V2 28. .
8,378.104 (m3 )
4
ai c
ai c c lm bng thp CT3.
Dng cho bung bc bung t v bch ni bung t vi y
d n2 dt2
"
V1 2.Z . .
.H '
4
Trong :
H = 0,8.db= 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
dt= 1,4.db = 1,4.20 = 28 mm ng knh trong ca ai c
dn = 1,15.dt = 1,15.28 = 32,2 mm ng knh ngoi ca ai c
0,03222 0,0282
"
V1 2.20. .
.0,016 0,000127( m3 )
4
Dng cho bch ni np v bung bc.
d n2 dt2
"
V2 Z . .
.H '
4
Trong :
H = 0,8.db= 0,8.20 = 16 mm chiu cao ai c
dt= 1,4.db = 1,4.20 = 28 mm ng knh trong ca ai c
dn = 1,15.dt = 1,15.28 = 32,2 mm ng knh ngoi ca ai c
0,03222 0,0282
"
V2 28. .
.0,016 8,89.105 (m3 )
4
Tng th tch thp lm bu lng, ren v ai c:
'
2
7.9.
V V1' V2' V1'' V2''
V 0,001172 8,378.104 0,000127 8,89.105 ( m3 ) 2,77.103 (m3 )

Tng khi lng thp lm bu lng, ren v ai c:
mbulong mai c 2 .V 7850.2,77.103 21,77(kg )
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

7.10. V ng
c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T.
Th tch thp lm v ng:
2
Dt2 n '.d n2 Dnth
Vvi 2. .
.S
4
Trong :
dn = 29 mm ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
Dnth = 279 mm ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm
S = 30 mm chiu dy tnh ton ti thiu pha gia ca v ng
0,62 91.0,0292 0, 2792
Vvi 2. .
.0,03 9,69.103 (m2 )
4
Khi lng thp lm v ng:
mvi 1.Vvi 7900.9,69.103 76,55(kg )

Chi tit
Bung t
Bung bc
Phn hnh nn ct
y nn
Np ellipse
ng truyn nhit
ng tun hon trung tm
Mt bch
Bu long, Ren, ai c
V ng
Tng
Loi thp
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
OX18H10T
Khi lng; kg
112,614
500,07
102,7
27,775
42,925
OX18H10T
102,7
CT3
CT3
OX18H10T
217,96
21,77
76,55
1205,064
Khi lng ln nht c th c ca dung dch trong thit b:

Khi lng ring ln nht c th c ca dung dch l khi lng ring nng 20 % v
nhit t sdd (P0 ) : dd max dd (20%,800 C ) 1188 kg / m3
Th tch dung dch trong thit b
Vdd Vc Vng TH Vng TN Vd
VC
D
.
2
b
Db .Dd Dd2
12
1 0,6.1 0,62
.H C
VC .
.0,18
Dd2
.H gc
4
0,62
.0,04 0, 29( m3 )
4
12
Vi
Db ng knh trong ca bung bc; m
D ng knh trong ca bung t; m
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Hc chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct (khng tnh g); m

Hgc chiu cao ca g nn ct; m
Vng TH th tch dung dch trong ng tun hon trung tm; m3
Vng T N th tch dung dch trong ng truyn nhit; m3
Vng TH + Vng T N = 0,1548 m3
V th tch dung dch trong y nn; m3
V=0,071 (m3)
Vdd Vc Vng TH Vng TN Vd 0,29 0,1548 0,071 0,5158 m3
mdd
max
dd
max
.Vdd 1188.0,5158 612,77 kg
Tng trng ti ca thit b

Mt=mtb + mdd max=1205,064 + 612,77=1817,83 (kg)
Chn 4 tai treo thng ng c lm t thp CT3
Trng lng trn mi tai treo:
g.M t 9,81.1817,83
G
4458, 23 N 0, 45.10 4 N
4
4
Cc thng s ca tai treo c chn t bng XIII.36, trang 438, [2]:
G.10-4 F.104 q.10-6
L
B
B1
H
S
l
a
2
2
N
m
N/m
mm
0,5
72,5
0,69
100
75
85
155
Trong :
G: ti trng cho php trn mt tai treo; N
F:b mt ; N
q: ti trng cho php trn b mt
mt: khi lng mt tai treo; kg
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

40
15
mt
kg
18
1,23
PHN IV. TNH TON THIT B PH

I. THIT B GIA NHIT
Chn thit b ng chm thng ng, dung dch i trong ng, hi t i ngoi ng.
Dng nhp liu (dng lnh):
t1' 300 C
t1'' 79,860 C
t1' t2'' 30 79,86

t
54,930 C
2
2
Dng hi t (dng nng):
T2' T2'' 142,90 C
1. H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi
Gim tc hi t nhm bo v cc ng truyn nhit ti khu vc hi t vo bng cch
chia lm nhiu ming vo. Chn tc hi t nh ( = 10 m/s), nc ngng chy
mng (do ng truyn nhit ngn c h0 = 1,5 m), ngng hi bo ho tinh khit trn b
mt ng. Cng thc (V.101), trang 28, [4] c p dng:
r
1 2,04. A.
H .t1
0,25
Trong :
1 h s cp nhit pha hi ngng; W/(m2.K)
r - n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ho p sut 4 at (2141 kJ/kg)
H - chiu cao ng truyn nhit (H = h0 = 1,5 m)
A - h s, i vi nc th ph thuc vo nhit mng nc ngng tm
tm
t D tv1
2
Sau nhiu ln tnh lp ta chn nhit vch ngoi tv1=136,350C
tm
t D tv1 142,9 136,35
139,6250 C
2
2
Tra A [2], trang 28:

tm; 0C
A
0
104
20
120
40
139
60
155
80
169
100
179
120
188
140
194
160
197
Tra bng v ni suy ta c: A=193,1187

t1 t D tv1 142,9 136,35 6,550 C
r
1 2,04. A.
H .t1
0,25
8511,881W / (m 2 .K )
2141.103
2,04.193,1187.
1,5.6,55
Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng
q1 1.t1 6,55.8511,881 55752,82 W / m2
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

0,25
180
199
200
199

2. H s cp nhit t b mt t n dng cht lng si
Cht lng si nh v chuyn ng cng bc nn h s cp nhit ny c tnh theo cc
cng thc ca i lu cng bc.
Sau khi tnh lp, chn tv2 =84,3880C
tW
tv1 tv 2 79,86 84,388
82,1240 C
2
2
Cc thng s ha l ca dung dch NaOH 10% tw v t

Thng s
tw = 82,1240C
t = 54,930C
; W/(m.K)
0,579531
0,5667
3
; kg/m )
1075,62
1091,79
c; J/(kg.K)
3838,66
3861,062
; N.s/m2
0,7.10-3
0,945.10-3
Trong :
h s dn nhit; W/(m.K): tra bng I.130, trang 135, [1]
khi lng ring; kg/m3: tra bng 4, trang 11, [8]
c nhit dung ring; J/(kg.K): tra bng I.154, trang 172, [1]
nht ng lc hc; Ns/m2: tra bng I.107, trang 100, [1]
Chun s Prandtl:
.c 0,945.103.3861,062
Pr
6, 44
0,5667
w .cw 0,7.103.3838,66
Prw
4,64
w
0,579531
Chn tc ca dung dch NaOH 18 % trong ng truyn nhit l v = 1
m/s. ng knh trong ca ng truyn nhit l d = 25 mm.
Chun s Reynolds:
Re
v.d .
1.0,025.1091,79
28883,33 >10000
0,945.103
p dng cng thc tnh h s cp nhit khi dng chy ri trong ng (Re > 10000):
Pr
Nu 0,021. .Re0,8 .Pr 0,43 .
Prw
Chn l=1
l 1000
40 1,02
d
25
Nu 0,021.1,02.28883,33 .6, 44
0,8
0,25
6, 44
.
4,64
0,43
0,25
191,76
Nu. 191,76.0,5667
4346,82 W / (m 2 .K)
d
0,025
Sau khi tnh lp, ta chn tv2= 84,388 oC
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

t t2 tv 2 t sdm( Ptb ) 84,388 74,66 9,7280 C
q2 2 .t2 4346,82.9,728 42285,86 W / m2
3. Nhit ti ring pha tng.

Cng thc tnh:
t W
qv n . v ; 2
r m
v
Trong :
r1
0,003
r2 0,3448.103
0,387.103 0,9158.103 (m 2 / K .W)
16,3
1
0.3448.103 m 2 .K / W -nhit tr pha hi nc do vch ngoi ca ng
2900
c mng mng nc ngng (bng 31, trang 29, [8]).
r2 = 0,387.10-3 m2.K/W nhit tr pha dung dch do vch trong ca ng c
lp cn bn dy 0,5 mm (bng V.1, trang 4, [2]).
= 3 mm = 0,003 m b dy ng truyn nhit
= 16,3 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca ng (tra bng XII.7, trang 313, [2]
vi ng c lm bng thp khng g OX18H10T)
tv = tv1 - tv2 ; K chnh lch nhit gia 2 vch tng.
Vi qu trnh c c chn khng lin tc, s truyn nhit n nh nn
qv = q1 = q2.
tv qv . rv 9508,8224.0,9158.103 8,7080 C
Vi r1
Sai s tng i ca q2 so vi q1
q q
42285,86 55752,82
q 2 1 .100%
.100% 2,308%
q1
55752,82
Nhit ti trung bnh:
q q 42285,86 55752,82
W
q 2 1
4929,34 2
2
2
m
4. Din tch b mt truyn nhit.
Dng nhit vo ( W):
G c t1'
Do dung dch u
Do hi t
DiD"
Dct D
Do hi ngng trong ng ng dn hi t
Dng nhit ra ( W):
G c c c t1"
Do sn phm mang ra
Do nc ngng
Dc
Qtt
Nhit tn tht
Nhit ca dung dch NaOH 10 % trc v sau khi i qua thit b gia nhit :
t
= 30 oC
vo
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

t ra t sdd(P0) 73,05 C
Phng trnh cn bng nhit
''
''
Gd cd td D.iw .D.ct D Gc cctc W.iw D.c Qcd Qtt
(+Qc ng vi qu trnh thu nhit, - Qc ng vi qu trnh to nhit)
C th b qua nhit lng do hi nc bo ho ngng t trong ng ng
dn hi t vo bung t: DctD = 0
Nhit c c: Qc = 0
Trong hi nc bo ho, bao gi cng c mt lng nc ngng b cun
theo khong = 0,05 ( m ca hi).
Nhit lng do hi nc bo ha cung cp l D(1 )(iD'' c ); W
Nc ngng chy ra c nhit bng nhit ca hi t vo (khng c qu
''
lnh sau khi ngng) th iD c rD 2325,61(kj / kg ) (n nhit ngng t ca
hi t)
''
''
Gd cd td D.(1 )(iD c ) Gc cctc W.iw Qtt
Thay Qtt = QD = 0,05QD
''
''
QD D(1 )(1 )(iD c ) Gd (cd td cctc ) W.(iw cctc )
Nhit do lng hi t biu kin:
''
''
QD D(1 )(1 )(iD c ) Gd (cd td cctc ) W.(iw cctc )
0
Gd (cctc cd td ) W.(iw'' cctc )

D
(1 )(1 ).rD
1200
600
(3610,95.83,08 3767, 4.79,86)
.(2627,79.103 3610,95.83,08)
3600
3600
(1 0,05)(1 0,05).2325,61.103
0, 2325(kg / s)
S ng truyn nhit c tnh theo cng thc (III-49), trang 134, [4]:
F
n
.d .l
Trong :
d ng knh ca ng truyn nhit
V 1 > 2 nn ta chn d = dt = 25 mm.
F
9,609.103
S ng truyn nhit l: n
81,56
.d .l
.1,5.25
Theo bng V.11, trang 48, [2], chn s ng n = 91 v b tr ng theo hnh lc gic
u.
ng knh trong ca thit b trao i nhit c tnh theo cng thc V.140,
trang 49, [2]:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

D = t.(b-1) + 4.dn
Trong :
m ng knh ngoi ca ng truyn nhit.
t = .dn = 1,4.0,031 = 0,0434 m bc ng
4
4
b
n 1 1 91 1 1 11 s ng trn ng xuyn tm ca lc gic.
3
3
D = 0,0434.(11-1) + 4.0,031 = 0,558 m
Th tch bnh gia nhit
D2
0,5582
V . .l .
.1,5 0,3668 m3
4
4
Dung dch chy chm trong ng nn thi gian truyn nhit ln, chn s pass pha v
m = 1.
Thng s
K hiu
n v
Gi tr
DUNG DCH NaOH
Sut lng
G
kg/h
1200
Nng
x
% wt
10
0
t'
C
Nhit u vo
30
0
1
t
C
Nhit u ra
79,86
1
Nhit dung ring u vo
c
J/(kg.K)
3767,4
Nhit dung ring u ra
cc
J/(kg.K)
3610,95
HI T
p sut
PD
at
4
0
Nhit
tD
C
142,9
2141
n nhit ngng t
rD
kJ/kg
Chiu cao thit b gia nhit
H
m
1
dt
ng knh trong ng truyn nhit
m
0,025
ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit
dn
m
0,031
487985,65
Nhit lng do hi t cung cp
QD
W
0,2325
Lng hi t biu kin
D
kg/s
II. THIT B NGNG T
1. Chn thit b ngng t
Lng kh b sung sinh ra trong thit b c c bao gm:
Hi nc (ch yu)
Dung mi d bay hi
Kh khng ngng
Kh b sung cn c gii phng to chn khng. Thit b ngng t c kt hp vi
bm chn khng h thng chn khng hot ng hiu qu nht.
Thit b ngng t lm ngng t hu ht hi nc, gii phng mt lng hi nc ln cho
bm chn khng, do gim tiu hao nng lng c hc v trnh hng hc cho bm (ch
ht kh khng ngng).
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Chn thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, ngc chiu, chn cao (baromet). Trong ,
nc lm lnh v nc ngng t chy xung cn kh khng ngng c bm chn khng
ht ra t phn trn ca thit b qua b phn tch lng.
Chiu cao ca ng baromet c chn sao cho tng ca p sut trong thit b v ct
p thu tnh bng vi p sut kh quyn.
2. Tnh thit b ngng t
Theo bng VII.1, trang 97, [2]: nhit khng kh trung bnh TPHCM l t =
27,2 0 C, m tng i l = 77 %. Theo gin h x ca khng kh m, h =
72,5 kJ/kg khng kh m.
Nhit bu t c chn l t = 23 0C.
Nhit u ca nc lnh c chn l t2d = 23 + 3 = 26 0C.
Vi Pc = 0,35 at v tc = 72,05 0C:
Nhit cui ca nc lnh c chn l t2c = tc 10 = 72,05 10 = 62,05 0C..
i vi thit b ngng t trc tip, lng khng kh cn ht c tnh theo cng
thc VI.47, trang 84, [2]:
Gkk = 0,000025.W + 0,000025.Gn + 0,01.W; kg/s
Trong
Gn lng nc c ti vo thit b ngng t; kg/s, c tnh theo cng thc
VI.51, trang 84, [2]:
W . i cn .t2c
Gn
cn . t2c t2 d
Vi:
W = 600 kg/h lng hi th i vo thit b ngng t
i = 2650 kJ/kg nhit lng ring ca hi nc (bng I.251, trang 314, [1])
cn = 4180 J/(kg.K) nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc
600
. 2650000 4180.62,05
Gn 3600
2,644 kg / s
4180. 62,05 26
600
600
G kk 0,000025.
0,000025.2,644 0,01.
3600
3600
3
G kk 1,737.10 kg / s
i vi thit b ngng t trc tip loi kh, nhit khng kh c tnh theo cng
thc VI.50, trang 84, [2]:
tkk = t2d + 4 + 0,1.(t2c t2d) = 26 + 4 + 0,1.(62,05 26) = 33,605 0C.
Ph = 0,056 at (tra gin h x ca khng kh m) - Th tch khng kh cn ht
c tnh theo cng thc VI.49, trang 84, [2]:
288.Gkk . 273 tkk
Vkk
P Ph
288.1,737.103. 273 33,605
5,318.103 m3 / s
4
0,35 0,056 .9,81.10
Kch thc ch yu ca thit b ngng t
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Thng thng, nng sut tnh ton c chn ln hn 1,5 ln so vi nng sut
thc t. Khi , ng knh trong ca thit b c tnh theo cng thc VI.52, trang
84, [2]:
W
Dtr 1,383.
;m
h .h
h = 0,2166 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca hi th 0,35 at (tra bng I.251,
trang 314, [1])
h = 20 m/s tc ca hi th trong thit b ngng t (chn)
600 / 3600
Dtr 1,383.
0, 27(m)
0, 2166.20
Chn Dtr= 0,3 m =300mm
Kch thc c bn ca thit b ngng t baromet c chn theo bng VI.8, trang 88, [2]:
Kch thc
ng knh trong ca thit b
Chiu dy ca thnh thit b
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b
B rng ca tm ngn
Khong cch gia tm ca thit b ngng t v thit b thu hi
Chiu rng ca h thng thit b
ng knh ca thit b thu hi
Chiu cao ca thit b thu hi
ng knh ca thit b thu hi
ng knh cc ca ra v vo:
Hi vo
Nc vo
Hn hp kh v hi ra
Ni vi ng baromet
Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hi
Hn hp kh v hi ra khi thit b thu hi
Ni t thit b thu hi n ng baromet
ng thng kh
K hiu Gi tr; mm
Dtr
200
S
1
a0
1300
an
1200
b
K1
675
K2
T
1300
D1
150
h1(h)
1440
D2
d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8
300
100
80
125
80
50
50
-
Kch thc tm ngn: Tm ngn c dng hnh vin phn bo m lm vic tt.
Chiu rng ca tm ngn c xc nh theo cng thc VI.53, trang 85, [2]:
D
300
b tr 50
50 0, 2(m)
2
2
C nhiu l nh c c trn tm ngn, nc lm ngui l nc sch nn ng
knh l c chn l d = 2 mm.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Lu lng th tch ca nc lnh dng ngng t hi th: Nhit trung bnh ca

nc:
ttb
t2 d t2 c 26+62,05
44,0250 C
2
2
n 988,49 kg / m3 (bng I.249, trang 310, [1])

2,644
2,675.103 m3 / s
n 988, 49
Chn chiu cao g tm ngn l h = 40 mm, chiu dy tm ngn l = 4 mm, tc
ca tia nc l c = 0,62 m/s.
Tng din tch b mt ca cc l trong ton b mt ct ngang ca thit b ngng t,
ngha l trn mt cp tm ngn l:
G
2,644
f n
4, 265 m3 / s
c
0,62
Chn t s gia tng s din tch tit din cc l vi din tch tit din ca thit b
f
ngng t l e 0,1. Cc l c xp theo hnh lc gic u. Bc ca cc l c
f tb
xc nh bng cng thc VI.55, trang 85, [2]:
Vn
Gn
0,5
f
0,5
t 0,866.d . e 0,866.2. 0,1 0,55( mm)
ftb
Mc un nng nc:
t2c t2 d 62,05 26
0,783
tbh t2 d 72,05 26
Tra bng VI.7, trang 86, [2] vi d = 2 mm v P = 0,774:

S ngn n = 8
S bc n = 4
Khong cch gia cc ngn h = 400 mm
Thi gian ri qua mt bc = 0,41 s Trong thc t, khi hi i trong thit b
ngng t t di ln th th tch ca n gim dn. Do , khong cch hp l
nht gia cc ngn cng nn gim dn theo hng t di ln khong 50 mm
cho mi ngn.
Chn khong cch gia cc ngn l 400 mm.
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b l 1300 mm.
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b l 1200 mm.
Chiu cao phn g ca np l 50 mm.
Chiu cao phn np ellipse l 250 mm.
Chiu cao phn y nn l 544 mm.
Chiu cao ca thit b ngng t:
H = 250 + 50 + 1300 + 400.7 + 1200 + 544= 6144 mm
Kch thc ng baromet:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Chn ng knh trong ca ng baromet l d = 100 mm = 0,1 m. - Tc ca

nc lnh v nc ngng t chy trong ng baromet c tnh theo cng thc
VI.57, trang 86, [2]:
600
0,004. 2,644
0,004. Gn W
3600
d

0,3578 m / s
.
.0,12
Chiu cao ng baromet c tnh theo cng thc II-15, trang 102, [4]:
H = h1 + h2 + h3 + h4; m
Chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn bng vi hiu s gia p sut kh
quyn v p sut trong thit b ngng t h1 c tnh theo cng thc VI.59,
trang 86, [2]:
h1 10,33.
b
;m
760
Trong :
b chn khng trong thit b ngng t; mmHg
b = 760 0,35.735 = 502,75mmHg
h1 10,33.
502,75
6,833; m
760
Chiu cao ct nc trong ng baromet cn khc phc ton b tr lc khi nc

chy trong ng h2 c tnh theo cng thc VI.60, trang 87, [2]:
h2
. 1 . ; m
2g
d
Chn h s tr lc khi vo ng 1 = 0,5 v khi ra khi ng 2 = 1 = 1,5.
h2
. 1 . ; m
2g
d
Nc lnh v nc ngng t c:
t tb 50, 75 0 C
n 987, 725 kg / m3
n 0, 000543 Ns / m 2
Re
.d .n 0,5.0,3578.987,725
325421,7357 4000
n
0,000543
(Ch chy ri)

Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iu kin n mn t (bng II.15, trang 381,
[1]) nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm.
Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]:
8
0,1 7
d 7
Re gh 6. 6.
7289,34

0,0002
Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM


9
0,1 8
d 8
Ren 220. 220.
239201,52

0,0002
Regh < Ren < Re (khu vc qu )
H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc II.64, trang 380, [1]:
100
0,0002
100
0,1.1, 46.
0,024
0,1. 1, 46.
d Re
0,1
325421,7357
0, 207 2
H ' 0, 207 2
H '
h2
. 2,5 0,024.
. 2,5 0,024.
2.9,81
0,1 2.9,81
0,1
h2 0,00546 + 0,00055H '; m
Chn chiu cao d tr h3 = 0,5 m ngn nga nc dng ln trong ng v
chy trn vo ng ng dn hi khi p sut kh quyn tng.
Chn chiu cao ca on ng baromet ngp trong b nc l h4 = 0,5 m.
H = 6,833 + 0,00546 + 0,00055H ' + 0,5 + 0,5
H=7,843; m
Chn chiu cao ng baromet l H = 8 m
0,25
0,25
K hiu
Thng s
n v
Gi tr
kg/h
0
C
at
kJ/kg
600
72,05
0,35
2627,79
HI VO
Sut lng
Nhit
p sut
Enthalpy
W
tc
Pc
i
NC LM NGUI
0
Nhit u vo
t2d
C
0
Nhit u ra
t2c
C
Nhit dung ring
cn
J/(kg.K)
Lu lng khi lng nc lnh cn thit ngng t
Gn
kg/s
Lu lng th tch nc lnh cn thit ngng t
Vn
m3/s
p sut hi nc bo ho
Ph
at
KH KHNG NGNG
Lu lng khi lng khng kh c ht ra khi thit Gkk
kg/s
b
Vkk
Lu lng th tch khng kh c ht ra khi thit b
m3/s
0
tkk
Nhit
C
NG KNH TRONG THIT B NGNG T
h
Khi lng ring ca hi th
kg/m3
h
Tc ca hi th
m/s
Dtr
ng knh trong
mm
KCH THC TM NGN
Chiu rng tm ngn
b
mm
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

26
62,05
4180
2,644
2,675.103
0,056
1,737.103
5,318.103
33,605
0,2166
20
300
200
ng knh l trn tm ngn

d
mm
2
B dy tm ngn
mm
4
Bc l
t
mm
0,55
CHIU CAO THIT B NGNG T
0,783
Mc un nng nc
P
S ngn
z
ci
8
a0
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b
mm
1300
an
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y thit b
mm
1200
Chiu cao
H
m
6,144
KCH THC NG BAROMET
0,3578
Tc nc lnh v nc ngng chy trong ng
m/s
ng knh trong ca ng
d
mm
100
chn khng
b
mmHg
502,75
6,833
Chiu cao ct nc cn bng vi (Pkq Pc)
h1
m
1
H s tr lc vo
0,5
2
H s tr lc ra
1
3
987,725
n
Khi lng ring ca nc lnh v nc ngng
kg/m
2
n
nht ng lc
Ns/m
0,000543
325421,74
Chun s Reynolds
Re
H s ma st
0,024
Chiu cao
H
m
7,843
Chiu cao ca c thit b l H = H + H = 6,144 + 7,843 = 13,987 m.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

III. BN CAO V
Bn cao v c dng n nh lu lng ca dung dch nhp liu. Bn c t
cao ph hp nhm thng c cc tr lc ca ng ng v cao hn so vi mt thong
ca dung dch trong ni c c.
p dng phng trnh Bernoulli vi 2 mt ct l 1 1 (mt thong ca bn cao v) v 2
2 (mt thong ca ni c c):
P .v 2
P .v 2
z1 1 1 1 z2 2 2 2 h12
2g
2g
Trong :
v1 = v2 = 0 m/s
P1 = 1 at
P2 = P0 = 0,364at
1077,084(kg / m3 ) khi lng ring ca dung dch NaOH 10 % ttb = 79,860C

(bng 4, trang 11, [8])
= 7,0147.10-4 Ns/m2 nht ng lc ca dung dch NaOH 10 % ttb (bng I.107,
trang 100, [1])
z2 - khong cch t mt thong ca dung dch trong ni c c n mt t; m
z2 = z + H + Hb + Hgc + Hc = 1 + 0,584 + 1,5 + 0,04 + 0,245 = 3,369 m
Vi:
z = 1 m khong cch t phn ni gia ng tho liu v y nn n mt t
H = 0,544 + 0,04 = 0,584 m chiu cao ca y nn
Hb = 1,5 m chiu cao ca bung t
Hgc = 0,04 m chiu cao ca g nn ct
Hc = 0,245 m chiu cao ca phn hnh nn ct
ng knh ng nhp liu l d = 20 mm = 0,02 m.
Chn chiu di ng ng t bn cao v n bung bc l l = 20 m.

Tc ca dung dch trong ng:
1200
4.
Gd
3600
v
0,985 m / s
d2
.0,022.1077,084
. .
4
Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 0,985.0,02.1077,084
Re
30248,699 4000 (ch chy ri)
7,0147.104
Chn ng thp CT3 l ng hn trong iu kin n mn t (bng II.15, trang 381, [1])
nhm tuyt i l = 0,2 mm.
Regh c tnh theo cng thc II.60, trang 378, [1]:
8
0,02 7
d 7
Re gh 6. 6.
1158, 419

0,0002
Ren c tnh theo cng thc II.62, trang 379, [1]:
9
0,02 8
d 8
Ren 220. 220.
39122,15

0,0002
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Regh < Re < Ren (khu vc qu )

H s ma st c tnh theo cng thc II.64, trang 380, [1]:
100
0,0002
100
0,1.1, 46.
0,1. 1, 46.
d Re
0,02
30248,699
Cc h s tr lc cc b:
0,25
Yu t gy tr lc
u vo
u ra
Khuu 900
Van ca
K hiu
vo
ra
khuu 900
van
0,25
0,0366
H s tr lc cc b
0,5
1
1
1,5
S lng
1
1
6
2
= 0,5 + 1 + 6.1 + 2.1,5 = 10,5
Tng tn tht trn ng ng:

2
v2 l
20
0,985
h12
. .
. 0,0366.
10,5 2,33( m)
2g d
0,02
2.9,81
Khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t:

z1 z2
P2 P1
h12 3,369
0,364 1
2,33 5,699(m)
1077,084.9,81
Dung dch NaOH 10 % lun t chy t bn cao v vo bung bc ca ni c c khi

bn c cao t 5,699 m tr ln.
- Chn khong cch t mt thong ca bn cao v n mt t l 3,5 m.
IV. BM CHN KHNG

Cng sut ca bm chn khng:
m 1
m
P
2
N
.
.P . 1 ; w
ck m 1 1 P1
Vkk
Trong :
m ch s a bin, c gi tr t 1,2 n 1,62. Chn m = 1,62.
P1 p sut ca khng kh trong thit b ngng t. P1 = Pc Ph = 0,35 0,056 = 0,294 at
Vi: Ph p sut ca hi nc trong hn hp
P2 = Pa = 1 at = 9,81.104 N/m2 p sut kh quyn
Vkk lu lng th tch khng kh cn ht
ck = 0,8 h s hiu chnh
1,62 1
5,318.103 1,62
1 1,62
4
N
.
.0, 294.9,81.10
1 299,38 w
0, 294
0,8
1,62 1
Tc ht 0 0C v 760 mmHg l S = 0,002267.60 = 0,13602 m3/pht.

Ta chn bm c k hiu l BH-025-2 vi cc thng s:
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Cc thng
s
S cp
Tc bm trong vng p sut 760 1 mmHg; L/s
Lng du; L
Cng sut ng c; kW
Kch thc tng th di x rng x cao; mm
Khi lng; kg
Bm BH-025-2
2
0,25
0,86
0,18
330 x 243,5 x 229
16,5
V. CC CHI TIT PH
1. Lp cch nhit
Vt liu ch to l amiante carton. - B dy lp cch nhit ca bung t c tnh
theo cng thc VI.66, trang 92, [2]:
c . tT tT
c
n . tT tKK
1
Trong :
tT1 nhit ca lp cch nhit tip gip vi b mt thit b; oC. V nhit tr ca
thnh thit b rt nh so vi nhit tr ca lp cch nhit nn c th chn tT1 = tD =
142,9 0C.
tT2 nhit ca b mt lp cch nhit v pha khng kh, vo khong t 40 0C n
50 oC. Chn tT2 = 45 0C.
tKK nhit ca khng kh; 0C. Chn tKK = 27,4 0C (bng VII.1, trang 97, [2])
n h s cp nhit t b mt ngoi ca lp cch nhit n khng kh; W/(m2.K),
c tnh theo cng thc VI.67, trang 92, [2]:
n = 9,3 + 0,058.tT2 = 9,3 + 0,058.(45 + 273) = 27,744 W/(m2.K)
c = 0,144 W/(m.K) h s dn nhit ca amiante carton 1000C.
c
0,144.142,9 45 14,0976
0,0297(m)
27,744. 45 27, 4 474, 4224
thun tin trong ch to, chiu dy lp cch nhit cho bung bc v bung t
c chn l 30 mm.
hc 0, 45
0,6
0,75(m)
2
2. Knh quan st
- Vt liu ch to l thp CT3 v thu tinh.
- ng knh ca knh quan st l D = 230 mm.
- Knh c b tr sao cho mc cht lng c th c nhn thy. Do , c 2 knh
ging nhau 2 bn bung bc, to thnh gc 1800.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 1, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 2006.
[2] Nhiu tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho cht, tp 2, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 2006.
[3] Phm Vn Bn, Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ho hc & Thc phm, tp 10, V d v
bi tp, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2010.
[4] Nguyn Vn May, Thit b truyn nhit v chuyn khi, NXB Khoa hc v K thut,
2006.
[5] Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th, Qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh Ho hc & Thc phm,
tp 5, Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, Quyn 1: Truyn nhit n nh, NXB HQG TPHCM,
2006.
[6] Phan Vn Thm, S tay thit k Thit b ho cht v ch bin thc phm a dng, B
Gio dc v o to, Vin o to M rng.
[7] H L Vin, Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ho cht v du kh, NXB Khoa hc v
K thut, 2006.
[8] B mn My v Thit b, Bng tra cu Qu trnh c hc Truyn nhit Truyn khi,
NXB HQG TPHCM, 2009.
[9] Phm Xun Ton, Cc qu trnh, thit b trong Cng ngh Ho cht v Thc phm, tp
3: Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2008.
GVHD: TIN TIN NAM


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Co Dac NaOH

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Available Formats

B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TPHCM

Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

TPHCM, Thng 5 nm 2015

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

PHN I. TNG QUAN V C C ................................................................................................................. 3

D kin ban u ............................................................................................................................. 8

Cn bng vt cht .......................................................................................................................... 8

Tn tht nhit ............................................................................................................................ 8

3.1. Tn tht nhit do p sut tng ' .......................................................................................... 8

Cn bng nng lng ................................................................................................................... 10

Cn bng nhit lng............................................................................................................ 10

Phng trnh cn bng nhit ................................................................................................. 11

II. THIT K THIT B CHNH .................................................................................................. 13

H s cp nhit khi ngng t hi ................................................................................................. 13

Nhit ti ring pha tng ............................................................................................................ 15

Tin trnh tnh cc nhit ti ring................................................................................................. 15

H s truyn nhit tng qut K cho qu trnh c c................................................................... 16

B. TNH KCH THC THIT B C C ............................................................................................. 17

Tnh kch thc bung t........................................................................................................... 17

1.1. S ng truyn nhit. .................................................................................................................. 17

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

Tnh kch thc bung bc .......................................................................................................... 18

Tnh kch thc cc ng dn........................................................................................................ 20

C. TNH BN C KH CHO CC CHI TIT CA THIT B C C ............................................... 22

Tnh cho bung t ...................................................................................................................... 22

Tnh cho bung bc ..................................................................................................................... 23

Tnh cho y thit b .................................................................................................................... 27

Tnh cho np thit b .................................................................................................................... 31

Tnh mt bch ............................................................................................................................... 32

Khi lng v tai treo .................................................................................................................. 37

Phn hnh nn ct gia bung bc v bung t ................................................................. 37

ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon trung tm ...................................................................... 38

Bulong v ren ....................................................................................................................... 39

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Gio vin hng dn

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

Gio vin phn bin

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

PHN I. TNG QUAN V C C

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

PHN II. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM

ti: Thit k thit b c c chn khng 1 ni lin tc c c dung dch NaOH

PHN III. TNH TON V THIT K THIT B CHNH

W=Gd Gc 1200 600 600(kg / m3 )