LINEAR ALGEBRA, GEODESY, AND GPS GILBERT STRANG Massachusetts rsttte of Technology KAI BORRE Aalborg University ‘BAITISA DOCUMENT Mor GENTE 27 FEB 1898 qajooia \WELLESLEY-CAMBRIDGE PRESS"teary of Congres Catling Paton Date inate, eden and GPS ier Strang an Ka one [Alps Line 2 Gol abet. 3, Gt on Sem, LeBae eka I Ti ss oIsi3s. 0 soars oni 197 yin Strag and Kal Bee over ergy Mie! evet Mako Os, Hea (ove ein Ty Baldi A igh re No pf hs work my te ep a sro asst by sy means ng eye. witht he een porn he pier ‘Trion hy ngage sry poled —ashred vans resend, thet rom Wels Cambridge Press ‘Wats and ter Hans. Cir Scag ad Tne Nae IsoNDetaaR Intreduton Apple Mathemae, Git Sng. ISBN 03640884, Ana efthe Finite het Med Gi Sa nage Fa ISBN 0-96140088-8-X. me ales, Cierny, BN 056148420, Imation to Liar Alea Gi Stang, SBN 036408855, Wee Cambridge Pree ‘lly MA ea USA (or ait. sem PAK GID 2.488 Inport cna parathntee Atta may be ade mal TABLE OF CONTENTS race * The Mathes 0 GPS a Part | Linear Algebra 1 eco and Mates 3 12 Leptin and Dt rts u 114 Naas Line Eqns Es 2 Sohng tinea qtions x 25 faletorat Options s 35 mint = Fsron: A= LU = 2) Vicor Spaces and Subspces oo 2M Inept. Basi and isin Be 35) Dinas eur Sopa 4 Ontogonatity w SP Grompmaty a be Fou Ses is 42 Potion 6 {14 Ong Be nl ra Shit ne 5 Determinants 197 ET oper of eens raMi Tbleof Contents 1 Hgenales and Figenvectors 2 Digmalsng an 3 Simei Mario 63 Sah and cng 7 Une Tamron, Part Geodesy 8 Leveling Networks AT Haley Lea Sars 82 Weighed Lene Sues SA Gapbsand Tene Mares 9 Random Vries and Covariance Mates Su The Noma Daten? 4 ee Cm Meh 97 Extmagtbe rnc of Ui Weg 88 Cons Eee 10 Nonlinear Pabems 12 Gow Obra Eqns 11 Linear Algebra or Weighed Lest Squares 112, Gol’ Ma ie Lat Ses Sting 113 Svb-Taecammial om te Gio ta Thecaabioe Noni 13 Reply Spc Rew M1. Dene Wo 118) Decora and Wes Nermalon ile of Contents Constraints fo Singular Norma qstons Rant Dee Nena! Egan eas of be Nace ‘Canny nk Ser Publ Seal Tnaonaonn Problems With xt oatone na Part Tie seg Sly Tesormaton ‘Optimum Ch of Osean Ste Sten Aoi Fong Sat Line Global Positioning System (GPS) Gal onan System osconingty GPS rin GPS Obsrbles Det ea Combond Ce od Pave series ‘eee a fr Dies Osos onesie rensing of PS ata 132 88 inCreate (Const Chg ind Ste Postion espa tn fee Peers ‘Sur Apts Bat Estination Som Any Bat Eine ‘Te LAMDA Mati for Anbigeti ‘Suc Fer fr bole PsionMi Tle of Comer 17 Kalan ters Tit" Using Lest Sgrs 12 Sie pum rts 113 Bays iter fr ict Prsing 7 Anan oes Pe “The Recher Independent Exchange rst Ghosary lence Index of Wes Indo PREFACE eo gi with eames om et ts Geom aleny mets Seperate bo fx itl ose Sym TERA pm nes darcy pezomena. But ew he Re ae ema er than aly ce. Maeno, eo on na rnrments Th seen comin tac. alg choses ts a wu —t let h t CARES Tne conc ence! en bt il ct) STi iti gyl ini secre anton! ha teens Bote en me oud Jere tiiarpetemcanteunsrasnin deen ways antlt He ays 1 (Cal) Choe tins 1B — Ax 22 (Geo) Poet" pce” conning ast A 3 (inc lee Sabet ma egos AFAR = Ab ren fenton Soc eos Crem eee ns Se Neh tte ae od Sree cna a ne ee nee ym Ce amano Enea Oe ie Ne ag ATA A ct Sn = ged eat ses ne te cova mas ae wih) Reunites or ping wit ep) = Pymami es ses ng sent ea ie ie ote em ching) ‘he Kaman hee wt ony af he iat sine ec bt abo ains Pface ‘hap 17 devel he eae ring in il, ith exam of posing len fr GPS eer, We dort te Kalman ter a saan Bayes fiter—hih computes he pines in ere an amen cr) oT oe lasing re re tse ety on ma span te hy non roiitytecane or pote nro” “Truggy an oa psn emote coco dh cnt ener Tas ee: = Nita eas sure tans VF ad ple nF we matin) = Ine es gus ost wl om lio sine Neate Mod nena by wl ei ts Caper 1 sb ‘weompt san he rao vv, mann te defies sees wh ‘egestin conde. Tis isthe ml) change pt ssi de al) meer east gare rss thang cutng manne besme he sens ol he frconal pr. T ond guise A sto ‘arden ly sce and te dsc uth MATLAB eta) he LAMBDA ‘tlt pcm sites ue pees tes ne mt de with une ro ston proses el the dat The cnn mumbo othe et gas tn mayb ee a cons ay be net ig Mary apne acl ark Seton al me Igor eta sin pees ne ltn Te ky fom ait is the Single Devmposion SVD) wh rr Chapt iach ‘gral Bas in wh ea tamer goa api saga utes Ay wing atop ies of Ahad AN ‘he mtr pe ery mich ha sock wl be los ae, i al ne & tae ow whee we Poiening ttel Inert a aly Simple). GPS ter ae not expense. Yu il col a Bo ck tot nw ac sve our ewe she wy gi dace Hg ‘ton From The Tne 1 Jy 199 CPS eal she pean oe i tein fe Oh Hg ig Ts ioe woes he ep The GPS echoes moi ol ces of gy inom amet expend apne fact fren enh me on he a We tk Gans wold epee We ope tht ends who oped wl be le Ou dt i gaily elaowea ands pcp nk Choe Gan Des ih i Ise pene pe sec of oy an impasse sn god agri tat oman’ We mse rs an te ‘ur agonist exes MATLAB, The eer a iin a he som hepa ioe, Ta es xe eis tics ab oa hbo eis. The it of se spi ate are tar ctonty pases ar eh megs Compe 82 ee ay anaemic, Te pea eg sna, epsaee meet Re poiteve iaeetestenny non tect pee emer ‘sun erm hae mesons er arriae ate ey ee twareeitauc ck tapsAewrmatnmied—— ‘pranceah Price Acknowledgements ‘neo beset pl i wig tt GP ome en al ete wal “hist armani ef copron e wblesten epnds ni We mene litte lp tom Ce Gan Cte Fert Sno of fk Fk ‘ese in Ar acc pr Aad we fk ah fo be enon cay Rick Bene ot Haal Nke Bevin ea ore sve pen ‘hay baa Bok Sys om Hera and Bob Kay, Spey it Nai Coie Sure, Rrra eric, Seven Lt a ale, Pot vic who come pois te marek opt mates. Ad ‘eae ely pat Se andy chen rb eo pesca “The cond stg slaowees th spent of te Danish Tek Re seash Co be COW Fumo dt Fy ons ats Une epee ie ts ep of Dh yf En 9 a then Cpe hg an ina tacit ae whe CS sn and apa. THE MATHEMATICS OF GPS pn ane awe ee ecm et rae icc ne Biiaes nica ote man SE gwen tare it tip sen nian Sinise amma coat raat ora a Soho Siem htinrareae meee Sec seein ‘ao mare ts Pe ee cepa ee Scns cette a tenlewe cnn rp eee iegeoamenat mnt tot sian ere re a ee Seen gac es senses rs Se Soh arcs ye ea =a lock ors Bee eo ony supa ok ‘So hous iret TS it See seinen en wen Oster owes ere ned anie The Matern of ‘amen py mer ny Klan he), Soe Caf i “Th avi sp fo be etc mda yt morn a ltt ca {inode rn an cn opie col Th he cot te el ne ‘ore eareinew nort-nree econ eee ee al et py eet ah po or re ‘ever nt no or satin ond yo ht so ny re, at ‘rd it) Therese» nonin probe nosy. Wht Kno ‘iirc ewan tan osc dete) Insp when ein en aon at teeta opens ea han rs “woes a sy nent ins ipl hse carve Te thi roby cus tat care opin. Bu a ne ot ah xh al oe ‘Thc pote mei 0 ss po sho ce theme ey mcs at neue Tes matnaat (FSi te of ea seg et on ‘Clk Vera amar Anges ete en eon fers ashe wok ele age Ban Serve ps econ pe pe, ti i epson. Th war ser ro ed enn wes Seah apm pci Raph Chan! Te octane ne ret aro hon in wt neg Salen hen tera np osunnoksom ice setter too mines France vonraivabee stereo ten gt pans hn en Even ar i 0 fx perigee oi Cetin any Bal geal leone ng “Te eine nos rata nip whe Haron ce fo mt sd ls ha eal do eer Yo en hm Gc ae ann C1 od Un2and3etgclcksal ing Hao's pa Wah eH at ‘en te nds an co fe Ss lowed eg, ‘Sons ons ln tpt naar one pe. TheNthorscsof GPS ‘re mose yeni fh ne compton wat ten VL dS Vy Ling Benes es Ce elite is gus. The sk a De CERES tery occ nd exptoite Te oguponr canbe melo ited SETERERS Si htchct Tse ae ale apc of VL a GS Mertatanpee tye, Yocan na enttearaod ms son or Ms BNEW Toe dy ely wher you nea he wy 1 ot, Toe aaa tt oy at evening le posle pens ‘Gvsuuorsncms ung taserinee PStspeis een on neck Sina crn in sce, fer ern But x ey se smi sk the a ene by ee yas cnn Eh’ dion of opr Lest Squares ‘Gut manuel len ees. Tyo coma wack bene ‘Attn and cer Ths unre oe) an ime fon. THe ee SENGhSac onan dy pl. oe i Ree ng SN ama eor of mer ste nam on 0 ee) See ee ag kooe we ty ld nto eA lore fom tig tes aye ee si, The ie st end agi. Dring his (SET. wining sn er nD on pr bi at sey gee tore ape. You col ein rig at Mints ty ayia ap tne oreo vn eee icy ile Bat nae ylotuim he per he yarnce nee rao I PS he ge soe feimeca reece nhs wink at Tey, mete nets of crs cc coun waeegh a iron oes) These opt be 10 ee antgiies erie Seay spt np? eas gure This i ees Tne carpeting combs Minis (x yA) foe in 2 ‘ensue lat eats Ne nea ie te rene Sy ucts asia te acre ofA Thsmiamzatin ne ih SOMES incu pe te nr ais 4) at son a Scorers, nore rma 4 as eee nsaen ey when As dnl teste vies a ned Eccentric mtg orepenonenpnel a BH TREE tne male ito pen by caning 2 ety a iti SE cn eg fee Z 8 2 eg, Tin AZ) sey em tn andy = 2" oy wei The Mathers of 5 ek te pes Bt testing ine mpl ma ch aoa ey ak tna it. Weng oath GPS pee a Delt Ps Tes op ‘center vit s nga. he cs of ZZ ol ce a ed a ‘i Tents peonone pon nl ates nelson oc ‘na ret ec il nd eet on (Ad eens PS or eerie by ‘ster Teen (1999). Oar Bos wh ase poe MATLAB code “LAMIDA mh eh eset he Kalo for ening a) A ot tt pote ton le tale er at GPS ts, ‘Sl wey oped he ere! The ert em wl cote The 24 dein ais will gly epgradel obai lan feenyW be able CTe mary mig emer eqny LT lean x net ‘het sce th noms Pendens sete ¥ Cte) Ine sos ate ost inp toe hapten one Tsseceto tht th sped ates apa rp wend Part I Linear Algebra1 VECTORS AND MATRICES hehe of incr gta ein wo operas wih vests, Cher epi ee Smmal ces wihaeesne to a Then we mv He (SESS Thcrety mre fie acral show setlist Sep ea ace You en piste scm oe een Sawing 2 ‘dmc esr spss ‘Yeu a wes (em). Yc muy vestr vy er) Tht sino bo fone sate at ete wo opens In Sen 1.1 and 12: 12 Thedcper 9 “rn ama apes wi yes aus an ects int os, Wake ea Renal ahecaums We arm dpc. And ne pe Sain increquatons Thee imee nt own vs aed ney ‘See Sects 13 1 1.3 The dic pdt ia gion rape 14 Lina obit ain ellipse A = “hve otis eg i gta. Bei ee RINE ergo ior ipanedaqeaa isthe hinge annenection pes nn ie) seeks une ti oqun t= bok rte combination of oa cor that racer “heme tet ws ook aralten Thy ae he ow pte” ad he ake ire Chops ke de st cn he th, 1a Vectors soc a les sn nT etn igh ees, a let TIRE inte Carege uy, he ester fr vec re hy he mb of81 sects an Mites een i ti qn: Ware fm ee combo {107 Te arian rh vl eh re a ‘te (hh he tmtngon bu 0) Teri st tte Sd ae thew + w—sedcey ceca er deol mre ne, Note on Computing Sep te amp of ¥ t s sinaly far tna tng he FORTRAN eam sw es spo cps “separately: =“ D0 11=3N OPUS = +t) MATLAB works diety with er nd tic. When van w hve Bc = fk s+ wis nmi miro ipa ns he inc ne sc, Iept esie cs hms tine athe en chang tsa The s+ wand nen Santon v= wena 2h Problem Set 1 Probl 1-9 ar about tion of vectors da obits Jond a= [3] ants + ey wins ype += [ante = (1) oped dw van {Jeet = [!] tne compen of 0-9 ant De ander Hl) -E] 5G) Brerynuniect = (0,2. phassoapones ata (@) Evy na combi of and = 1 —I)ha competes tht 0 sone om een 1a) Thence» — ps fra dog van akan on ise 13 MSthows ascot wow What si (®)tfyonto tatlcbitos ow wh rice vet" You {4 Theanelognn in Fg 12 a apo +, Wha iis ter digo? ‘ota to dagen De tt esr sm 19 tte ere 2 ullgam (1, (4.2) a (3 wha a a pose uric? Dm of em robes 1-13 vee th of etre Comput enh fo) ase}-+ 8 10 Te prog wh ids» = (4,2) an w = 1.2) ols ex eon ‘gue Ck pags ola HP 0 wre gs tengo»)? + deh tw = dager +0 11 nh" cae 82 =< awe for Chk hat ena? + deg oo) = dea ow) ie mange van we wih hor als 12 Tome ht ghar spec const vant dv ious Savane Coop pho? tenga ith engine 13 nF 12 chest et f+ eh fw spr an nn a) Tperoe tore ean nope ey iste van Nowe te engine nt ed Problems Hare aba speci vecos on enbesand os 14 Copy he ce wea te wet su ff = (10.0) a J trio.) head jy hedge of 15 Thee ces th ait a jk HS ea comes (0,0, (1.0. Oy Wha tects be cnr pat” Te cet tof spe? Ayal oe (40.1.0) 17 a) What sm ¥ oft wee vets ht of sh center lek 0 toes 190 200-1200? (0) heya 690 roe, he sam fhe enemy YS, (©) Syste £0 yecr sina Aah er een eta." SMerieerwsn nance eit me nas P27 ceo ee Ticats emi * Siivrnaistonmraen ete * Sesdccmlc tuantess manele ees 2 Mak swims fe Reson est cd (0) Rested ny by ean dh “nf al cannons (2) Lae jt fo wand f+ be. (©) Chlene pb: Unter wt stim on dean c+ te wl he 28 Tete sie of he doe ange re #— aw =v = The wi aeciay eben ates get 1 = 25 Sader combo 8 whe = Od =e > Od ed tee 1 Maki yer (a+ +4) sini ole his pyr 2% tn Dliesoa uc,wich vetr ae imbiatinsow w? Wh vector nib plne fan, lise ane oan (©) Chosen state mba Hae 12 lengths and Dot Pets 11 1.2 Lengths and Dot Products ‘The tnsooe meine mutipcion exo Now ne fw une erp” wan Ths mien mole Bese ee Show andeun, bles phe wo amber ed pce he efiiton The dt prada mer produc = (8) nw = (43) the few mene tes a Example 1 The esos = 3) ané w= (1.2) gen ine eo po Inmates, is anaes er For rea hats thu reenter Meeps 0. When wee hom nie 12 (ew seg ot ta plop). The ces xan of eer (vbr = (0 ange sean = (,1)opthe yi Ain eo pod Poy oreo 0. The vsur oom eh me “he vce v= (sand w= 2.1) empresa. Thi pot i Soon wil eel Be gibt te (0 0) sample 12M eto, = India a = Iodeweste chide 2 Tey aac bese het rts (=1) +E) “This example spl of eng and ince The ver of weighs (onan) = ee Te vcr doe ome omer fe) = (2) The saa he tw weg ow ts fone tines dc The Monet Be ‘Send weighs, Th me thet rede 6Fi comme Th det rdw ga», The ca was 2 Second comment The Yecr jt ito weg, The ver 6 ‘dances WI patch stig a es po wight oe wld he (4.2100, The dane wer weld be (=, 3.0) Te dat da wo ess Wis weighs, the ess wl eden This a ages pes ‘yl iph anes Ta + ort sw oe snl, te ive mke tt ap outro x wes ‘sample 1.3 Dutra cine sates Wehne fe rc ey soda Te wipe apps te pce en Te qn we tay es ae (neh at) ponte then we sl pare ren wey Seog ‘te qui qt pe singing, The a name te dat ee 9 a= 28)“ Pe a ee SR A er dt prt a at Me os lan” es eg al pus 1-750. tape tg tenia pe) al te rast bt ac ca copa sae ‘Wat draenei neta pone esto: How ne onion pos Aner: Lk ate fe compnet of manne fC ‘The er 153 ines ins 2 es Think of at (21) = 10 Ti ‘ea ep The munis 4a 6 at pss. Whe crs he ‘ony ncn ver m dt pt Main pit To comput rc, my che, The a Lengths and Unit Vector ‘Aninprant ce ithe dx rte ot with il. In is cae 6 = When he sects = (h2.Shedt raise (8 12 Ung and DoePodies 18 -rpeanser itt so sim pope oil, Isa of 497 ae we DIC huip como pds geste ner Deiton Met rrm oasacary We eH seg = teh VF nue dns hgh ot = VOFTE e mesi i ns 1.2.3) ied = VA. EAE Eby te cations eg Yn ini in, the gr of re sens evo dinates in anette omgen | ‘SE te monte dsc ig wang Fewe 1) The enn r= SEevemowc ene seul =e Tn rages fl ~ v3 Lees ‘Detnayaponng netfee ear aah 9} = 0 Tere ene = (3) we te A ng frm vice. Fin he vette nett nl ga Tater pena Tike esr 0.3) at por sgt Ste apa eb ha eg envi “Te ing of» rsh! vecr wold te VEEFEFA TE. Tas a. hleghVIF es F=2 Tie dap rh ce {readme ce Te gna ins isn eh “he wr! ivy cing ht os anne ges“ Te recite ron hom hoa i eflengtone Ave ace inven Now we i ee "ui se Defeton Avni weer aita eter ween elon: Then = wishedepeionwe Ancxmplein for neon a= ($$) Ten ‘Sede vet = (1,11) ys gah = 20 gett ee caoh ———Sa.20minan S awe 15 The oie dnenson sn de iensonl eto161 Vector and Mates ay Loa. + sath ore Te sod an aT na ‘Sample 14 The snd ice y sawn aj the lagen eso makes le" wth ei eee ee Sit =. Thow ean exh ote eat oe ng Ls Then ‘Sis py econ os am agi Sore eee Jee deson het eal eese,Jan Te cmp ie 6.8, af 0.10 ml 0"), No tye Sn eee ‘spina jek Tevecore = a Demat) Vk eae ESET thohocnuwoaa elie tt eee ust vide w by eng I aia A. eon i Sm Te ek (Ley eet PRtoneemcciren shor ihe ‘eprint yo hb thaaaht _ Pons OM the spbere of radius ce ms = The Angle Between To Vectors tte at epic vcs ve # = 8, Te dt pati we he sgl s To ge ates we hae const igh ae oye ‘hoe mi wo he gle bac oma espn ne Fire 1.7 Pena vs ave #0. The ange @ ib 9 when wight angles Te ep root Wien va wwe prc hy on sider gh ang The int cattee ypace in een ge 1) nw. Sot wa = = er ‘ei eng ss el tite = [2 eF? rere versonyy. 12) Wein ote amar os gt Godino his ton Wed te tad (eo Hn ws ‘The hse ein who — 20 Ten fn ‘ton and cn. Sy (~ aco fan ae os em Stu Altemscocel neta a2, Oe nen ete wh Aisne yn) Theat ep by 2 Ge -2nus—2nwy wicbhelsie mur tem =0 «Ld Conclusion Righ ag re v8 = 0, We ae proved Theorem 1B The dt Proacizeowhe de anges = 9, Tena? = 0, “Toe sours # = Oe popendars every vet w bean Oy Now pos mt eK poi be pe. The in of sv toma ister nea ow er above aig ang The angle es (hun aben es pse Thang me 9" when ws eptie Fg 7 ‘owas pe seca = {3a te whe half io v= > 0 The ear W=C30) te seat peta 8° <0 ‘Paver ne ee he ocean 2 W = 6. The brine i wie secrt ow perpen oO ht vig ine Dawe hs xd ise fein "The ex pope aks oe mar tp we ome of Gt pass. We he ae ote rma ima acy be Oe e161 Mecsas ] a] t) Fie 18 Tech roduc of i sist oe of he angle fle is ithe ple othe rma. i sot th sgn Fie 1. i St nih eas wD. The spn 1 ee wher <9 8 = 9 Bech vcs gh I we lam tan nth tpt cee AC) Hwan we wit vcore = ch, (0) team eae en US Swen lows et fom) Reber tat oie ete ha 18 never sn = Some dcr et an shat ee Th a pe shown hice when se er aro) a, 0), Theda poe thse snc. Tah coe of eae eee, sen tin th ee il ys Thea en stem sil. The vcs ae«'~ (ose snw) und U > fenpaing) Te ras cme conf + ssn. Frm gos isi tte of) See 9 og # we are rte tefl == oe Th te [oor elseif eC obi 2 poste iy nC 1 Sey, wih ete ages Pts 22 span fla fs geen, the Law of Cn The ay se ine oon en ays fens. The yc esos wien ca resto ten ys tse ste tt cts? Tp ey ow We veto vi by gt opt ier n= eo nd = wf Tea ‘dtp ofthe elect hes cone ‘Winsett x rt a a with el meee ne That {se Schar ini” ee et pt we cece Cac Seis Dana ay. aso i rane in Cry Rasa ea ma ewe te et impor selina) Wh een fee Ite tom eseaing omit vec wean cot ° ini ) SHMARZ INEQUALITY IF and wc sy wes in © Pl Le 12 lange and Dot reduc 17 aml 1.5 Find ean ween = [$] nw = [3 ine 1.7 Sohton Teed pris = 10. The giv = V3. Teen © het = Tretoete coun of bags Tiwi ~ YSIVTO ” VE ‘he ml ht ast corn Iino tease Sone el et = 20s ee 10, feamgle 1.46 For» = (6) wa = (a) te Sarna ys a ab PB torcample 2098) = 2st 4 =, Wis postne OF “oe dt rt a, a (9) 208 The eg ae f= i = VER Dn To iene twee tem can 24P tae oF 20 Tene mone ne ny = Tne me 8 weft? ‘compat dat procs nde a angles icine ree fh. he Sear celoumiyexatetrr ant ectane wets [!)-[3] “eoran vali] doce v ow Then» aay aor MATLAB i Wen nes 2 aed ota wh, Tc ee ou = V+ in sna tee ~ seo ‘eset do coi a fincton wf ag mi oa, We et chow sma (teow Serine cnet ois ook. Ty ‘ear theat) The tos se ce sober dt md age 0 net The cone wile inl Beaune senso.ee) El We down wt eo he tin td w in Prem in he cexne ot cat apo = 1) an = 21.2, Abo ind tvs Us nd Us awe pope Foray wit saw de ap een ( vande wmie rte ont) [= © [am eta] «fl ole Oe le El ‘Tur orf gives enon ito crese ii @) ispepentice Gee tno) ors th dw all (6) tu icpepesiate tnd on renter) cmbion ‘The aoe ose asm (0,0) 1, 2 a8) ae a a am Me pat af se pes sy, = Iain a = Oa sees penta rm aw fon ©. he i = 3 aw = (2. Wie dot 4 min at i st lt il D+ Wa.» = (and nd mas bat per ey vad 15, Theme mec 12, Fintwo ver wand wc perpen (1.1 aoc te sad = 89 A These men isan Ker “Ts cane Eamon he Swany fe BEI anke = 8 V2 Paden oes val w 16 How ogi evs # = (fs 1) 9 demos? Fn un et 17 Wha wet svn eager 8 tose he stor, te it oof kale hese? Ok efoto wre FFD ‘Problems 18-2 en the ma cts abot gts an angles, Nee gl wil we hae several prin arow 18 ius or dt pits) Ths sine single Bt we (#3 Guierwcucetece Gin-ence-a) (cots de> wha 2+ wopovedan e+ el? 19 ce siagle ni! lato v +. = koh of rego ) Pole 18 ander wl? = fee tae +l Stow tow he Sang a 0 eter hE (2) “hes copuet ef x= + Tht ie! ie! ‘The om esc (10 cite a i te lay vo mnt and lowe sentonnochndocrmnedbyy “ee Niwot ae ny fos (0.0.0 Sap is uation 9 “tin w= dest py plc The a dco ei gy yt ise qa, Hoe spa a py Sty ver pane ~ dsc on 4 Chios oe pil pit yas y = = 0. The ation =» — Se Rss = 2 Soe pit 8 y= 2.0.0, Cher da lvice om © Sarg foe m0 tal vce th st y~22 =. Te ih ‘too to! Titian ore irre ¥en we te ns, Eilon 200) Theol plane rue (0,0 jo aig ie Peltoit o hap th pit 2.0.0 th acon son ih y= Dand = The eon esx = 3. SEomnin (80.1), Now cme tina ler Tae nen coins of ‘The pins ~ ayant plane sy ~3¢= (ne 2) ar the combines eG ‘he puns von the plane = y~ 3-2 (se 2) mere ay 4 = 20, 0 “Eee “Tis ithe esi by li eines. Goa rand then rae aon he plane. Te ptr poy the ed mmr. The ve 3 ‘Teeth plane Teton ver ae mole any unter = Tih car oun ot he plane Problem Set 1.3 1 Finwo pins onthe pio -+.)~2= San ind hrm etm ey fre ct bts mo pas presi 2 Teplice 2 Trcor fie ve as cxamplin itera (0) Two ans een ese ecu we pal (h) “Twines oni he sane eto ae pal (©) Tropes aon enteral A Findus ar hy bet forte tie pes (0) Thru te po 21a opto w= 1,52261 Veco an aces (©) Twp poi 15.2) and popes ton = (15.2, (©) Thee ple” cnn al poi (0,3) See Bangle 13, 5 ture eed tc a ote pe ete pion {© Pitt ston plane resp (00) tse al na combi ston th Ojantw = (00) 7 Fade sunny = ethene gh. paper ton = (4) ‘Wh hes eth prt ie ng (2. 3)? sever erie esc (Te ei 9 Find te euatin e+ by 2 dt ~ ot pln oh 1 fr SSnesinl space. Cte pane we pein = (413) 10 Fn erin tere gh 6,0 ois. ‘one and yf thes yragrop a sec. 11 Chose prea th lane ‘palpate te line 39-126 Then ens ane Cambie hn with anion 13) 12 _Whacshe ecaaslaon wo 2s +4) —1=0, when youth abi thee Weal eae pln cits ven, ‘suo: Cie es diay salons = 14 Coo apace pion tex — 3) 8a ae asta s 37 = ‘cnn hm sin 12 pl pi te 15 Choe acai our compen +29} 36 446 24 Tan finds e+ 2y 432s r= Oo te fom 1,00) nd 0.10) ad 0, Cnet ats yl pao ane 16 Measicin dh faite atin afte pawn +943¢— 12 estos 7-2 arate dant ae. ‘hex on 6//TE mh tes 0.0 late «+29 + Fine uonceto rye 12 mth Expat saeqas 6/8 ow arse ign oe along ps Fa te ees poi =n @ weyHA WH HW-E=O © ‘This queso or he oe fr (0.0 tein x 29 = 25, (0) Why ee she erin te Secon 2) (b) Wa pi, 2 dso ies 0 i? (©) Wachee 0} et “Tis fs Pole 19 ora gee iat by = (a) Testes este fom (0.0) sin edo = (b) Tepito the ie i = (e)Thestone de tease ‘hsb te (05) he pane $2) 2 = 27 icine son med 3 The pa 05) 411-22) esc epi wen = ‘mre se on = Te etne pans wm iceond pone nhen! “ere e ‘ence dames le Wen = 8 dtc ale Enc), eum ae ec The ie “Teagan +9 +21 =U peetaplinein mene se Find () isoomal vce (6) isan (0,00 ete fama nt (6) ew pi (0.0.0.0) (eit se = (0.0.0) ont line (0) tee sorte pri pine + 421 = 0 (0) lp tar ity 4 Lowi ion (12) Far which ili pie #0 mast plane xy -+2= 12 -ncwht onl ds te lan 9-2 = Diet eps14 Matrices and Linear Equations ‘Recent bene oie eons. Te ao wa 2 ese tat plenty oath clan Ins caper ne cpa he Potent etchant wesc “ ek fr ts 3. ht el eos te Th ate ih sini ate Reem ye Whe nb osm veoh eum Thee arow pees 1 Ther pte shows ire plane ecg ti pit ‘Tein pie somes he stig +25 #356 Ta plane ce be, 9.2 ‘5s (,00) nd 3.0) an (0.2 Tea esa bug ee ide fs gunn tt 0. ” Tie esd ple en te uo 2s +5) 42 = fo he cond ‘he muir 02a bth aon shy (0,02 econ bo pe Tne en arias e833 fell he panes tm of Seton (13) te perms sasing pant x3). The mambo ssc a he eqn a \ Figwe 1.11 Row curate nese planes me at pi 1A Mates and ier Egusions 29 Figure 112 Ca is fe eqtons: Combinations cl ae B= ECan S00 (e ye 10.2 bm emer 9.2) = (lle D. (© Tecolann re combine the columns ef sido prac the ight de Oe ‘The ow i splines gen Wy dot pecs ‘The cla pte hs his ‘dT ee) ee ni. ‘mrs prcl eeatn we oh corbin ek th sey an sa ee et oe eh Be Sega eto presale oh Te rowan coum pees {tow heaton len my Fee mom chge enc he (6.90) Tis exer eu aun 1 sc’ Seams} Tastee i hse ih 8 9.2) The amber) he clas 8 ‘The Main Frm a the Equations etn eo tc a te oon ct ee "het etree esac tanto ee ae mene Jeena con denier pete hese mar hes dnc tne tbs estan oft $3]S21 Vectors and Mains tin. iw itn ge in Te pt (Tete ate pt ins (©) Meteo ps emp Tne ae pnt ph ew en tn en es tape aim can Tie py ce ee Bas ‘ne pth se "ces esos oy tipo a Menem Ashe enemy renee nee Matin Te isn yt ta ee {inte non The pes mn Tapas sey Reaay enn hon a] + [ten 423] Fes by raison ents med ep Natt enna re ibs te 1:1 at Seonechmens = rane oF Mwah eevee he Mattie Vero TAB i An. These iy {cnn win We ay cm) rhage es Shes A) onl nn Wh est hee tr wo ain esse roan = 80 FA -v0) rolem 23 hs hops in he pps rT hiner lop (nih td ues sown cl. Th ode compu A contin ote ces ‘Th oe ie io al he MATLAB oes Ar = By = A Problem Set 1.4 Probes 1-areabout he row a calm pletres a Ar = 1 With A= J che deiy mri dete lanes inh ow ire. Thesis of “TERE! . BNE 14 Mics atine Equations 38 2 Drenthe vecerin se column ie ef Plone sa ie ‘to arn pls frst ou ie 4 tection in Pola maple 1.2,3 hey este ~ E20E-L) wy ete ow poe re? ee ln sane? Te lam ces vt wt 4 teas iad tine hil se ene pe eters eon mantle’ Tete eno Pre wullters bet y=sone any tonto inestin be planes ty +326» ‘yw or dance poem te ie 6 Theft oon he snd eh hi: Pree Minty eto os enya Tetons ae ‘eect may soles ae Fi ae se 27 more te i ein Pbiem 4p pe 239 +2 = 9. No th Re Sn ven soon hy 0? Te ist wo plans met aloe es ere plane str ha ie aris ee ete i sa 1.) 2.3 a 1) Tia ots th get ies (23.9) rtm are aa mapping mares and veo. 4 Cmte cach Ax pa eos i he ca es “EMG » FAG381 vectra ates 10 Compu cach Arn Pie conti of a rE] EE) = GIG) = G2 af] Mbit ime 9 fests compet fA Fill ~ GML) - fa se topmce ecten (©) Te pan fo tem eins Ax = Thecombean oe ces ona iiss ver wih comp compe nie pce. (9) How woah you dear gua uso 22 $8 = ou 0) an w= 31.2) fash aay he etn en sodhsscm in re etd A emis of sod sy te egttion when he ee Problems 5-2: formate haa in spl ways on vector (a) Wats ey 2 ety mi? mes [J equ) (0) Whine 2hy2eetange mts? Pies (3 eaa 6) 22m Rats 9 ne [4 (8) What 2 by 2 mutt rotates every vector by 1807 a Wy a pee eve) (9.207 Wma erases (y, 2, x) BC x, 2)? reves ‘Wt 2 2 mais tee et oop om he snd ompme? Why 3 mare sore ane? eon “ELE = «fi)-[] 14 Mavics atin unions 3 9 Wey mt is.) ae 249 Wma Masa mye anes ae iy O43 Bs ee TieBiy £2 uetwreieac” Dat — 2 2 mai pj esr) et ex at pt 07 2 a nite oe sre eae) Hye mu OP) WA Dlicy ym teem es 1c) 2 rc Ris ey vse dh 42 The ec. 2 thn mer O11 Bas to 2 AD, Te ere oe Sh pt rn ey pin a fin ss kg A. Te 22 Wee edt ptt f (4.3) an 3 weeiyin snes 23 ich inked pst of V whoa thn 4 2? Wich coe ds SoReal we scfm 2 ins V2)? Ren he ara bf i tlre se Sens, wh chased hes 0 10) = 12 or) = 12, toni som 0+ Ane W op ae A= 24 Int cates this Ie BU = Alt VC). Wee rte een th rere yesh od 25th ef MATLAB, ena ancl cr mui em, Contin 2628 ar ve therm clan te 26 Dow ek pein ph rth getone —27 =O 9 = 27 Fervent ns, yew hw 23) RSTUIRILS! cin rosa pe Then pen Guanine 2 oe cepamivn oni Teens em ssuna tle he ers ee coi 29 bo at Sr it aor ~ (10) ain pn andy \EI-[] 2-4 ‘wt progeny oy ti fra ou ects mansS$ _ 361 Vectors and abies 20 Withcoopr coin tion 2 ara eet Th fe m=) mgm = Awad = Am oni, Danse fam ay = (39) sae ‘ssa, What dua tot ana? Ex Pa thts hoe Sop: Hr MATLAB cle”-youca eter gus watt oa sake ele <= 7 weave ful ea D4 Me ad nd pci say ers Cae i ve ‘hitmmesar aectecomemns tk pee kc =i a) ron alt te ep ae eft ‘dnt ead itt wd: i on ar) Tea Soe oc Arle2tarai.e ‘010 tage ow, olden {Serko ae bel: be eta Tabb = pa) ots tea suk= won we ove 3 by 3 age mai Ms wt cts 1.2.9, Al oa lee ‘sn gia 0 18. The iw colbe 3. Wht Moe Wei Mines 11.1, imap mab tes 2 SOLVING LINEAR EQUATIONS 24 The Idea of Elimination eee te conse imme by 2 xm. (ty 2 eas 9 TERT cowttnaen) Bercy apparition. Ae SRI ono dpe om he od emo mee th Me igh con pa much es, Theat gen y= Bly et = Se oP tropics S Tense = ane ston epic. rae prs nape ans ste il he > cutee Stamps Tole erm yeoman SRER cip. as intoqoe 6) =p elt ine de oped se etn call hak hinon ise wpe Pa ays tro isin come oe rece qa witha pe 2 ss ici se Peis enc esi pi) cin ino roe epost fr pif te nd pa? He tne! Se ao a eon Te cas PRE Spm nt ge Wes wen tne ok oy: To eininat x Sato mail of equation from gut 2 Fy bacts the min in tt Se cane Se Wha emai ote CaaycCay ety Tt 8) = San remit382. Sohingtne Futons estan ‘Ask yours ow tht mip = 3 ym on. The st gation soi Phe ftp es cet Te an gu ee ee ‘goton smal 3. Te ston pete wile te eal lef we cages eatin S10 sept ie) The pet ow 5 Toe map le bye pi Mati cation by 2x10 = Sibert feeeguion? te Thess tina adhe as geo sl es y= Backsabion nces Se—10-= Sand Sr = 1Sandx = 5 Maing he seen 3 shag snap = Seti ‘sow weed geton ona te seo ht, whichis she cece We woud i elm y om he hil gunn the weet Te You cil need tne ute fr any wot dig Beak is ‘xcept wes wae age lin ph bea Breakdown fini ‘Noma imines hepa atk on. But la os ‘Ne Teme igh feo up toa taints te Be ‘We cori Te pees hast sep. Tae gh beam an contin faenay be wiiile Exaple 1 fs wh oc, Bug? fs ihe ‘muy bon and Example 23 sacs amp aden, "ae eens ae ost en an cay ae WN 21 Thole Ehmion 39 al Coach pine som) Figwe 22 Row pss wnsune pcre wen initio i ample 21 Pomc ae wih slo. inn mks hi le in. Normally we vie ih ie by EN Ps uate nt pon to ne lel ‘fe Seale oust tie 2) 257m show tt ae oe ie hem et Fie 22 aii ae it Ihedonnstrho ces ee So, Acoma ‘ae os em oe ih seo SUTIN Santoro omnes eae ample 22 ane eh iiily may elas: SVS} qt tomegn 2" 03= = 0. ery se hex. Tei eet one seems Sry 21 Toons he Ary fly che the Teter parle in sae es ine Ey i hantti Es cwiom-[}] pre 2 Row cua eom to i ity my alsos cam to ry a thant gwemins aan oe Searcy Sonepat *itnsery semen gery emer inomun ty etch terrence nsStunmysaemoeunameme sn acceptable piv the process goes Forward " "ample 23 Tempo ais, hat ov xchange poses pte Reg ten ats Ta nl amet bk sen ang 2122 a sngulr—he 0 on pat. ange 23 i ntl utr lst pt Sigua us hr oan ayy ‘ston Nomina etn ieee so Phos athe one eae oe Ivete ym 2.9 Thelda.oEminson 41 “The fat in Tne Unknowns ‘owned Casa iinonyorbanetgeyand? by 2 sites, Trey ‘Negogh wae te pr, Fo he mace ae squeal ae 205 Scns Howey 3 ym pes cons oat ep eal Wl en ‘Whar ep Te it po 2h pe elcome Below tho We 4s ies to 1 rm ein 2 Then gen 2c 9+ Neo eine om gen stl ing fis pict. Te gis way 0 93 [REST ion 3 Then 2 cane tse do eat, ie al is Satin mc er han The tae ptery as ais ~2/2 = 1 Satin = cnc an qn ste sane aig a inn 2 Seat mes gation | fm gone Egan oe 6D + ‘Now bk lie statin The mo usin oly y ands We ve ac ot 2nmem why sandy Se 12 The il splines eth 1 ty 1 ae: 3 Saba eo 2 mun Sy The +098 The igi Sy 3 yom ha on cover no any ye “peu ahi natn icmp, Nar hee 3S Tse an phatase nln we wine! yc! Econ eo “ewan aw eo en tin es pra cet sige bmn bam, ch ee oon pee -Terom pte shows lanes ig whe tun 2-4 ~25 = 2-The oes mot eon oda etn (22. The ig de Pe {iealopg, the ery tie = Sista——— eee 422 Sobing oar Eqtons “The com pce shows 3a combo ol ws ring igh sie. Te cots in combina a1 22 (hen “== ‘ers. 2.8 i i sm anak te Far by pole a nbn oben limon pce te a my The ent feva iioaon a upper nga on. es ons i i ‘fuer ots pss (nmer sa) Hr eal ean ost ial em, be ‘engl, se slain ch sn [A muti: 1, Al pts ate 1 Al pins mst ae ion @,2, 1, The Colum: combine waht, 2,1 gee ace Problem Set 21 Proomt-10areaboat nation on 22pm 1 ‘Whatmalipe equi | sole tated am pee 2 ‘Ae histatins, wie owner ingly ancl eto ots Themes Ta hive nano ae ra 2 Save sanguin of Pl | y ak sin,» Bei. Vey ht ies 10a ms (9 equ 1) be ig be cn 3 Whtmatiplof eon 1 stad ebro tion 2? ‘Afri inno sep se earn, te gh side changes (60) tare eto 21 TheldanofEhminaion 43 ‘Wnt ipl aegis be whe eto 2? ether “Tet ot. ate se). natin pods wt om be Ce igs whch gine sna ster side wih ei isl many see Wha wo ene sans? Ce acetic at makes spt sng, Then hoi a de awh mbes dn clin beet Son) mane) emg? Save ora y fer ing he snd Weak yw gs Tewtih hee mune dessin akon? ech iste mer ‘oun Ooo? “yaa esto bn sods water tee egos ne sl? tne ry plied hens 4y = San $29 = 6d esac442 Sohing nar tons Probl 11-29 sty natin ny 3s (and pole alee. nog fae cose peas in wich poston? 12 Apply tineion bk ton ose (Geet. Lit here pens ich cami oe ot 1 hed eo ing lh te tier an 15) Comarca yey ht eds 4 ow ng eh (0) Conte yen tt shaw ccna pig, aks 16 ro 2 th a aa hci sts 17 comarca 3by 3 ean tt erent aie co theese bt 18 Which be gies ig an which igh ie hes inset ‘oto: Expl wy. (6) tasycpand KF 2 erwo sons was ater me? 20 Hom con ee pas il an eet oi when 0 0 ies fe Probe 21-2 move wp toy and ny 22 Taste she sae pit a igh sie as bem 21, How tion (ie ti)” 24 tnon ets tse ean, wt weal pose rig mas A?ng Maes Bets502 Sohing nar Equations The Mati fora ow xchange Tomb eon wee i, Tonge pm ee ‘be petponn. Laer dwn tcl ane BY ching eo ws Me ‘veapot lnm?) af aman oes var ‘Wht mas Ps ecangs on wim 3 Wend yearn . lt ‘Tsien row exsfange mare, Making by Ps exchange components and 30a) sol ee There excunge Yano a GE DG-El Bibs) ‘ona Fy dig wa ws es or. Wit ee eon pH non san a eo er, Ne an eth ee ‘eminedin 312-Ou Ps one acl prin mati wes 0 HS 2 Permutation Matis fy te os when Kies a. te iy mac without een (ih Toexchang equations Land 3 maiphyby nly mo ow ethange ae mcd. The as ed tht ininon wes ens (te Bolte Fi rely one pata pt en ‘The Augmented Mati 4° ‘Ths book eel ge fr bond lini Murs aval ki of rata patos wih ya ap. Orbs aris po ae pare Bes {rare A, ae we met i in lisa eK wh te pe fer EA. Then apts a saga Wl coe fon or unos 0 il ea heck me recs Heer Teel gman te ton, cee tli cto ‘They dong dy ont move, Emon co fd an os ee {ing th We co inde Bar xt clan and fli tg iain ‘Thema A ene "apne yb wn fi 3 J 22. Sininain Using Matos St 1 ples he et ean sigh ite nex ach ter ition cts on whe Geto geste oid Eon tes Gigii3 fil ‘riven ors mutica ee 1 yrows Eachrowof acon Ape nw of Ceyestans Emon sh auf Ae ie aca of er waved, Toemaia & penis oe Ao ge EA Te wil poe of chiminion ‘Tisqnoce moto a ma ipo Ae Ey hs “enpssirinnesw ww Te go Es ha opto Problem Set 2.2 Prolens -areabout inition mares. 1 Wee down hy 3 miss tt rest in i ep: (6) Ey hee Sines fom 4 2 (6) Paendags rows Lan 2 tation ating fn en Bg eam b= 0.009 see Pee om dat teceeone Dyson nee 2 Wh re ms pt A i ing fo opine May te gto mt Fat dos linia: A=.2 Song inca Equations end b= (1.0.0) ath stn in Pcblen 3 pe A Cayo ie limiton sep ie upmened mari Aaa Ae = Siposea 3h 3 mai has = Tan tin pie. ye cang Setrdpines you cages ee a oe every cone of A sa mip of (11) then Arians mile of (511), Doaby Sesame: How many pnt rey ian? Spon bc nso fo 08 3. oa at ap od Spey bcs meso mow. What matic ye caged 7? (@) Fy treo | fom om 2a he i excge es 2 and 3. Wa sts A= Pin dna ep aon (©) Py exchnges om an ante Ey bts om fm 3, Wat tec M = Ey Ps does bts ep tone? Explain wy he Pate Be ‘sete £vare ioe fos (The tpt) ait tee mai: iba Efe sae Goran £) fhe doo Bl ee i ow of EB met it Wet own se 3 by 8 main ht sy = 21 3. Ta msi as a = 0 ‘ttn il ee stp ew, Wh pts se dese be ‘nnd wh Probl 1-22 st resting ming mas. 15) Wotethe ase pons 2by 2a oon Ae (o) Xs vice aoa andor aps 033. (6) Tele y omar +e qes ag (x9) = 2.5) an 7) Fink andes 16 Toe pala =a +x es oe pia.) = (Lt) an 28 wien, Fada monic cmon fe hewn a, Sey liminon 17 Magy ese main hoes BF nd FE: Gel Bil Ao sonpue£ 18 siply ese on xcs maices in eels PQ and OF: Bee = pore. At compte P= PP and POY? 19 a) Supple Bae hs Then cs of EB ee as (0) Sipps atl ow ae at Shey amples EH 20 UE akisow 1 oom 2a Fao 200 1 des EF ol FE 21 Teco of At ey ad. The as Fy skew Ho 2 0) Meaveneyot EA efit conpemetot EA 2 etait Celta te wemrotonigzaa aa fa oomeunne)56 2 Sohing nar Equations 1 Aan 8 ety m0 AR econ? dept ach etn ml lion To compo of A wes epee ligation. orn = 10 5 alin mics tne Fern = 2 wc an Muhsin gh lec AB sty aed? ~ ih iT set un a with 7. By ing yn mates no 22s hi eae! or ae aie ne of? He iin ai at ei ig de eae wow [ample 27 Suppne Aisa ro vcr y 3) B com etry 1) Then As by (oe my. he prc eer and Bes A von Geet ‘row ine col a ir poets fr i rs. cl Cine ar an “oer proce. Tes ae xeme eof ati pic, th ‘eon mats. Thy end arabapes nmap: (aby Nemes (by) Fone, om and Cons AB Indie ip pcre A ups ec air of 8. Whe A mii tec we ae combing cols A ach eam of AB a combination of he coun of “Thais cotom prof mat lope Cot of AB sma A tne clam a B= combaon of ena of A Leak ett tenor crewed Fah fA mist we iment here at clam ro ltr” Neen at st stay root AB). 23. Ruel Matix Operations 57 “The Law for Mai Operations ey we ptm ad he tice doce, whl psig a econ (hy d'or? TW ois me gree ang. and i Iv ie ese 1 Mipy Ay asetr gee 2 Admins ame sno 4 23 Muy es igh iso get AB BA ‘ee igh sis or AB by) ips ny) pean ‘he nes imelvng 7 a sng aloe Hee a on ASBe BA Ccommunivelen) ‘ce moe ns ol or mutica, tw AB = BA snot te ABE (commute! sata boen) A$ B)=CALCH (sive i om ee) (AE MEH AC+ BC ste a ote) AIBC) = (AB}C acai pene not ede, veto db) = BR a6 4 sted A = JA, Apr mics comme wit ao wih hese nace soi ital oe mas. ‘Tate A(B rc) = AB + AC pone chun ine, Sa with b+) |b Ae fetetcolna, Tat he et seting—ner Sa 9 ae ‘cu UBC) = CAINE oan a ou can ply HC AB et a tons at Lk ae pce wen A = = = mai Th (inert) = ine Brat iter ne Aa ema APS AAA A pace APWATI = APT at = A “ron te ery es for exo, A ies 4436 Gate ta), A Tee Siace cack When pang we vom ese a ih23, Rue for Matix Operations 61 Probl 1-17 ae sou the las ef mtr pti, How ete wf DA EA ean econ of A, whe 1 Soygennayy shen castes widened ool] me ee[e How eth clien of AD and A eed he wt enrol Je622 Sohing ner Euaons 12 Supene AB = BA and AC = CA for on parma Band 2] ames of] wt co 0d) = = 0, Then Aa mile of 1. Oty emacs ‘Ava comms wihllber hy? mars ike Band) 13 Wi of the ing macs ae garni © eq (A ~ Bs A = (Sn Ay, A208 HAA BY BAB AB BA (6) Aedes © KAB=B0e04=1 15. ICA by how many pute alicia whee (6) Ambien prac 27 Here = 36 Tee ABN = AO, we tn ee Boob BF ABs aes Ab. by and Beas or ea by $F hee Ae = Abs oe le AUB) = Ale +-~ ah neiy bes seas 0 eu ABJe = The same for 17 Feed = [3-5] amt 8 =[]8 5] comptes sss ond mashing mare @) arm 048 (e) ww200aa Probleme 18-20 the ney now clam jo A © acu © gain 2.2. Rules fr Matrix Opertons 19 Wha wore wuld ou deeb cach of he claro mice? Cie ‘ample inenh ca, Wich mg aor es” te aynom gs ay aos inept er fcoune Themen iP. oe ings: Pinte some PT. Te fou mato ee shoe tein trons The fo matics oe Heh a amperes and eee eh et inthefitcolenn oP tthe ons nal hte atm. So PT Pinar ofr eohnges Aro changes is. ose an son ine PT se dat inthe oppo cree Soi Pl Thee P= ‘Sumac maces A= LDL Now prt lad PA = The LU Farin with Row changes ‘We ope you emenber A= LU tia wih A = (E55). Bey ‘hon scp was cred by sdienady a Tis less were ‘ed ioe is The me agar La on hp the es Meshnges at ded on 2 (ET Poh Bt Pol, Bey “exchanges ino «single permutation mars, This vein for very verb “Temninqucstoni whe athe fs. Terese nd sis them erect, es Bem afer E.On ages PA = LU tet 1 Therm ecans canbe mo ote est A. Mein fm 3s Ahn ance Th pit Pp te own fA he re 50th ‘chong nea or Pa Ten Pati LU 22 can nhngs ul feral nino. Tis lene he poe Tove in stnge re, ptt th ht ner ich proces Uy per ‘eaglrasa Then A= 1, (PA = LU in aes al comptig (days in MATLAB). Te frm A= Lint jet ioe ree i aye ca Wwe ‘Sead ng een ter one, Pls on The important ee ya ‘Ten Aen who xcs