CSharp - Introduction

Programming in C#
Introduction
2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.
Welcome to C#
Wow!! Look at you! Look at what you have
accomplished
What is C#
A Pure OOP language developed by Microsoft in
the late 1990s (release in 2001)

Microsofts response to Java
Some have accused MS of ripping off Java
The language was designed to be a catalyst for
the newly developed .Net Framework
Supposed to attract developers that were already

familiar with C & C++ to .Net development
Originally called COOL (C-like Object Oriented
Language)
What is C#
The most common implementation of the language
Works in conjunction with a Microsoft language framework called

.Net
Compiles code into Intermediate Language (IL) AKA Byte Code
C#
Also called Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
Which is interpreted by a CLR (Common Language Runtime)

That runs overtop of a framework layer often referred to as CLI
(Common Language Infrastructure)
Compile
CIL
Interpret
CLI
CLR
0111001011010
1010111101011
0001011011010
What is C#
Technically, the language CAN be compiled to
machine language in the same way as C or C++,

but not common
Despite its Microsoft roots, C# is legitimately
recognized as an ISO standard language
Thanks to the combined efforts of Microsoft, Intel

and HP
Where does the name come from?

The C# name was chosen because the musical
notation # tells the reader of the sheet music that

the note is a slightly higher pitch than the root note
(One better than the previous)
In essence, C# has a similar symbolic meaning as
C++
Language Philosophies
Top down design is for suckers!
Entities do not need to be defined top to bottom as they do in C++
Datatypes are all objects
Each type inherits from the Object class

Supports Boxing and Unboxing
Boxing Allows datatypes to be encapsulated within a generic

datatype
Unboxing Allows a generic datatype to be typecast as a specific
datatype
Namespaces are good for your health
Every class should be encapsulated within a namespace to prevent

conflicts
Assuming (using) namespaces are almost exactly like C++
Application global variables are BAD!!!
All global variables are encapsulated within a class
Language Philosophies
We dont need no stinkin class template
Class are written as a single declaration No need for headers and

implementations!
Properties should be simple!
No need for setter / getter methods

Actions can be defined in the property declaration
Documentation should be built-in to the code
Developers can create XML formatted comments, allowing IDEs to

provide instant documentation about methods
Pointers are unsafe
If a pointer must be used it is allocated in a different section of

memory marked as unsafe
Pointer memory is unmanaged (You must clean up after yourself!)
Managed Memory cannot explicitly be deallocated
Handled by the garbage collector
IDE
Microsoft Visual Studio
Visual C#
MonoDevelop
GUI development uses GTK# (which is GTK+ With

.Net hooks)
GTK GIMP ToolKit
DotGNU
Open Source C# Compiler
There are others!

How its Implemented

Application
Command line or GUI program
ASP
Server side scripting
High-end Web Content
Silverlight
Web Services
Provides a SOAP Interface for interacting with remote

applications
Scripting
Used as an embedded language (Sometimes called

CSScript)
How it Works
Develop Code
How it Works
Develop Code
csc.exe file.cs
Compile Code to IL
IL
How it Works
Develop Code
csc.exe file.cs
Compile Code to IL
Execute Code
0110101011001010010100101101
0101001010110101001010010100
Program.exe
Common Language Runtime
.Net Framework
IL
The Goods and the Bads

The Goods
If you come from the C Lineage (especially Java), the

language is easy to learn
Very intuitive Namespace / Object structures
The language specifications allow compilers to run on
pretty much any system (platform independent)
Architecture indifferences are cured by the compiled
Intermediate Language
Its memory management philosophy makes the code
relatively safe to run
Language design provides a very intuitive interface for
autocompleting
Integrated security

The Bads
Very Microsoft Focused

Developers are limited to the language design
Has the ability to stunt the growth of programmers
It is easier for a C/C++ trained developer to migrate to

C#, but very difficult to do the opposite
Due to performance overhead, code runs very slow

(in comparison to compiled languages such as C)

The Bads
Used in Web Development, it really only supports

running on Windows Server IIS web servers
IIS is not typically the fastest web server but is easy
to configure
Generally used in code-behind for ASP.NET web
sites
Mobile development only officially used on Windows
Mobile devices (except Mono on iOS)
Our Environment
Operating System
Microsoft Windows
Ubuntu Linux
Framework
Microsoft .Net Framework
Integrated Development Environment
MonoDevelop
Although we will be using a fully loaded IDE, we will

also expose you to the command line compiler
Visual Studio Express
Quick Warning
We WILL sporadically introduce random classes
throughout our lessons

The .Net Framework is so interconnected that this
is pretty much inevitable
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
public static void Main()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hey Buddy!");
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
Main Class
The class container for
the Main Method. This
name is arbitrary
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
Main Method
Program entry point. Must be
declared as public and static.
The method must also be called
Main
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
Console Output
The WriteLine method writes a
line of text to STDOUT
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
System
Invoke the System
Namespace.
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
Console
Invoke the Console class
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
WriteLine
Invoke the static WriteLine
method
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
>csc.exe HeyBuddy.cs
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
Hey Buddy in C#
// HeyBuddy.cs
class MainClass
{
{
}
}
>HeyBuddy.exe
Hey Buddy!
>_
Prerequisites
Programming in C
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

Programming in C++
Programming in Objective-C (Preferred)
Programming in Java
Programming in C#
The End?

CSharp - Introduction

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Programming in C#

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

the late 1990s (release in 2001)

Some have accused MS of ripping off Java

The language was designed to be a catalyst for

the newly developed .Net Framework

Supposed to attract developers that were already

Originally called COOL (C-like Object Oriented

Works in conjunction with a Microsoft language framework called

Also called Common Intermediate Language (CIL)

Which is interpreted by a CLR (Common Language Runtime)

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

machine language in the same way as C or C++,

Thanks to the combined efforts of Microsoft, Intel

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

Where does the name come from?

notation # tells the reader of the sheet music that

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

Entities do not need to be defined top to bottom as they do in C++

Datatypes are all objects

Each type inherits from the Object class

Boxing Allows datatypes to be encapsulated within a generic

Namespaces are good for your health

Every class should be encapsulated within a namespace to prevent

Application global variables are BAD!!!

All global variables are encapsulated within a class

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

Class are written as a single declaration No need for headers and

Properties should be simple!

No need for setter / getter methods

Documentation should be built-in to the code

Developers can create XML formatted comments, allowing IDEs to

Pointers are unsafe

If a pointer must be used it is allocated in a different section of

Managed Memory cannot explicitly be deallocated

Handled by the garbage collector

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

GUI development uses GTK# (which is GTK+ With

Open Source C# Compiler

There are others!

How its Implemented

Command line or GUI program

Server side scripting

High-end Web Content

Provides a SOAP Interface for interacting with remote

Used as an embedded language (Sometimes called

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

The Goods and the Bads

If you come from the C Lineage (especially Java), the

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

The Goods and the Bads

Very Microsoft Focused

It is easier for a C/C++ trained developer to migrate to

Due to performance overhead, code runs very slow

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

The Goods and the Bads

Used in Web Development, it really only supports

2012 BlueSignet LLC. All rights reserved.

Microsoft .Net Framework

Integrated Development Environment

Although we will be using a fully loaded IDE, we will