Gio trnh Autocad 3D

Trung tm o to v pht trin phn mm tin hc tri thc

172 Nguyn Ch Thanh- Tel/ Fax :7751372

Gio trnh AutoCad 3D

Bi1 :
im nhn, h trc ta trong 3D
Cao ca hnh v 2D
A.Thay i gc nhn :
1.Lnh Vpoint : command :- VP enter
-Tm : phng nhn t trn
Thng gc vi mt phng XY
-ng bin vng trn nh :
phng nhn song song vi mt
phng XY
-ntg bin vng trn ln :
ging tm nhng nhn t di.
-Ta 1 s im nhn c bit :
Hnh chiu ng :0,-1,0
Hnh chiu bng :0,0,1
Hnh chiu cnh :-1,0,0

y
Phm vi nhn t trn

Phm vi vng nhn t di

2.Lnh ddvpoint : xc nh gc nhn

(View/ 3D viewpoint/ select ) command : VP enter
-Absolute to WCS : xc nh gc theo h ta
WCS
-Relative to UCS : xc nh gc theo h ta
UCS
-X axis : gc gia trc X v phng nhn
-XY plane : gc gia mt phng XY v phng
nhn.
-Set to plane view : tr v tm nhn bng i vi
mt phng XY
-Mt s gc nhn c bit :
Hnh chiu ng :
X axis:270 XY plane: 0
Hnh chiu bng :
X axis:270 XY plane:90
Hnh chiu cnh :
X axis:180 XY plane: 0
B.H trc ta trong v 3D :lnh UCS
Tools/ UCS
command :UCS enter
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Origin/ZAxis/3point/OBject/View/X/Y/ZPrev/Restore/Save/Del/?/<World> :
-Origin :di gc ta
origin point <0,0,0>:
-3point : xc nh h ta theo 3 im
Origin point<0,0,0>: gc h ta
Point on pitive portion of the X- axis : im xc nh trc X
Point on positive -Y portion of the UCS XY plane < > :im xc nh chiu dng
trc Y
-X : quay h ta quanh trc X
-Y/Z : quay h trc ta theo trc Y hoc Z
-ZAxis : xc nh h ta theo trc Z
Origin point <0,0,0> : gc h ta
Point on positive portion of Z-axis : xc nh trc Z
-OBject : xc nh h ta theo 1 i tng c sn- chn gc h ta , chn phng
chiu trc X
-View : mt phng XY ca h ta thng gc vi phng nhn ( tm nhn hin hnh tr
thnh tm nhn bng)
-Prev : tr li h ta trc
-Save : lu h ta hin hnh
-Restore :tr li h ta b c t tn
-Del : xo h ta b c lu
-World : tr v h ta WCS
C.To hnh 3D t hnh 2 chiu :
1.Lnh Chprop : thay i dy hnh 2 chiu
Modify/ properties
command : CH enter
- Change what property ( Color/ LAyer/LType/Thickness) :enter
-Select object : chn i tng, phi chut kt thc lnh chn
-New thickness <0> : dy
- Change what property ( Color/ LAyer/LType/Thickness) :enter
2.Bin h thng Thickness : xc lp dy cho hnh 2 chiu cho tt c hnh hai chiu
c v sau ny
Format/ thickness
command :thickness
-New value for THICKNESS <0> : dy
3.Lnh Boundary :che mt 2 D
Draw/ boundary
command : BO enter
Hp hi thoi Boundary creation
Object type :region
Make new boundary /set : chpn i tng to mt
Pick Point : chn mt che
4.Lnh render : xut nh t bng
Command : render

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Bi 2:
To hnh t khi c bn, nhp ta im trong v 3D
A.To hnh t khi c bn : cc khi rng
Draw/Surfaces/ 3D surfaces
Command : 3D
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:
1. 3D box : hnh hp
Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:B enter
-Coner of box : gc ca y hnh ch nht
-Length : chiu di ( trc X)
-Cube/ < with> : chiu rng (trc Y)
Cube : hnh lp phng - khi vung
-Hight : chiu cao (trc Z)
-Rotation angle about Z axis : gc quay quanh trc Z
2.Cone : hnh chp hay lng tr( Ch c nnh mt chung quanh, rng 2 mt trn hoc
di)
Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:C enter
-Base center point : tm
-Diameter/ <radius> of base : bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ca mt di ( y)
-Diameter/ <radius> of top : bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ca mt trn ( nhNu R=0 : hnh chp)
-Height : chiu cao
-Number of segment < 16 > : s cnh ca hnh lng tr
3.Dish : hnh vm ( bt nga- na hnh cu )
Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:DI enter
-Center of dish: tm
-Diameter/<radius>: bn knh ( D: ng knh)
-Number of longitudinal segments <16>: s mt ng
-Number of latitudinal segments <8>: s mt nm ngang
4.Dome : hnh vm ( bt p )
Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:DO enter
-Center of dome: tm
-Diameter/<radius>: bn knh ( D: ng knh)
-Number of longitudinal segments <16>: s mt ng
-Number of latitudinal segments <8>: s mt nm ngang

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5.Mesh : v mt thm trong khng gian ch c 4 nh

Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:M enter
- Fist corner : nh 1
- Second corner : nh 2
2
N
- Third corner : nh 3
- Fourth corner : nh 4
1
- Mesh M size :s ng trn on 41
- Mesh N size : s ng trn on 12
M
4
6.Pyramid : hnh thp, y l t gic hay tam gic
Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:P enter
First base point: dim 1
Second base point: im 2
Third base point: im 3
Tetrahedron/<Fourth base point>: im 4
1
Hnh chp :
Ridge/Top/<Apex point>: nh ca hnh chp

2
8

Hnh chp ct :
Ridge/Top/<Apex point>: t enter
First top point: _im 5
Second top point: im 6
Third top point: im 7
Fourth top point: im 8

5
7

6
2
2

Hnh lng tr :
Ridge/Top/<Apex point>: r enter
First ridge point: im 5
Second ridge point: im 6

7.Sphere : hnh cu
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Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:S enter
-Center of sphere : tm
-Diameter/<radius>: bn knh ( D: ng knh)
-Number of longitudinal segments <16>: s mt ng
-Number of latitudinal segments <8>: s mt nm ngang
8.Torus : vng xuyn
Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:T enter
-Center of torus:tm hnh xuyn
-Diameter/<radius> of torus: bn knh hnh vng xuyn
-Diameter/<radius> of tube: bn knh mt ct
-Segments around tube circumference <16>:s mt ct
-Segments around torus circumference <16>:s ng sinh
9.Wedge : hnh nm
Command: 3D enter
Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge:W enter
Corner of wedge: gc hnh nm ( Im 1)
Length: chiu di hnh nm (trc X)
Width: chiu rng ( trc Y)
Height: chiu cao ( trc Z)
1
Rotation angle about Z axis: gc xoay quanh trc Z

B.Cch nhp ta im trong AutoCad 3D :

.xy : c cng ta im xy vi 1 im cho trc
.xz : c cng ta im xz vi 1 im cho trc
.yz :c cng ta im yz vi 1 im cho trc
Cch nhp : .xy
of : truy bt im cho trc
need Z : ta trc Z

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Bi 3 :
Lnh v mt trong khng gian 3D
A.Mt phng 3D ( 3D Face) :
Lnh 3D face to ra cc mt 3D c 3 hoc 4 cnh, mi mt c to ra l 1 i tng
n, khng th dng lnh explode ph v i tng ny.
Draw/ Surfaces / 3D face
command : 3dface enter
First point:chn im th nht P1 ca mt phng
Second point: chn im th hai P2 ca mt phng
Third point: chn im th ba P3 ca mt phng
Fourth point: chn im th t P4 ca mt phng( hoc nhn enter to tam gic)
Third point: : chn im th ba P5 ca mt phng k tip (hoc nhn enter kt
thc )
Fourth point: chn im th t P6 ca mt phng k tip (hoc nhn enter kt
thc)
P4
P8
P5
P1
P7
P3
P6
P2
Che khut hoc hin cc cnh ca 3D face : lnh edge
Draw/ surfaces/ edge
Command : edge
Display/<Select edge>:
Cc la chn :
Select edge : chn cnh cn che, dng nhc s xut hin lin tc cho php
chn nhiu cnh khc nhau. Nhn enter kt thc lnh.
Display : lm hin cc cnh c che khut
Display/<Select edge>:d enter
Select/<All>: chn tng i tng , nhn enter kt thc
lnh.
B. Cc lnh to mt li :
1.Lnh Edgesurf : dng tm thm bay
To mt li t 4 cnh c cc nh trng nhau.
Draw/ surfaces/ edge surface
Command : edgesurf
Select edge 1:chn cnh 1 xc nh chiu M ca li
Select edge 2: chn cnh 2 xc nh chiu N ca li
Select edge 3:chn cnh 3
Select edge 4:chn cnh 4
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Nu cc cnh khng c nh trng nhau s xut hin dng nhc:

Edge X does not touch another edge ( cnh X khng chm cnh khc)
2.Lnh revsurf : mt trn xoay
To mt trn xoay bng cch xoay 1 i tng 2D (ng cong to mt path curve)
xung quanh 1 trc .
Draw/surfaces/revolved surface
command : revsurf enter
Select path curve : chn ng cong to mt trn xoay.
Select axis of revolution : chn trc quay
Start angle <0> : v tr bt u trc xoay
Included angle ( +=CCW,-=CW) < fullcircle> : gc xoay
Ch : nu trc xoay khng phi l ng line hoc pline xut hin dng nhc :
Entity not usable as rotation axis : i tng khng thch hp lm trc xoay.
3.Lnh rulesurf : mt k
Lnh ny to mt k t 2 ng bin c chn, mt ny c mt k l cc ng thng,
s ng k nh bi bin surftab1
Draw/ surfaces/ruled surface
command :rulesurf enter
Select first defining curve : chn ng bin 1
Select second defining curve : chn ng bin 2
4.Lnh tabsurf : mt tr
To ra mt li theo hnh dng ng chun (path curve ) dc theo vector nh
hng ( direction vector) .Mt li ( s ng sinh ) xc nh bng bin surftab1
Draw/ surfaces/tabulated surface
command : tabsurf enter
Select path curve : chn ng chun nh dng mt tr
Select direction vector : chn vector nh hng
5.Bin surftab1, surftab2 : cc ng sinh ( hay ng k mt ) lm mt li trn nhn.
Nu dng lnh explode ph v li th s to ra nhng mt tam gic hoc t gic.

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Bi 4 :
Khi rn, cc cch cng tr khi rn
I.To vt th c :
A) Lnh to vt th c s cp : Draw/ Sollids/...
1.Box : hnh hp
Command : box enter
-Center/ < corner of box><0,0,0> ta 1 nh hnh ch nht
( center : tm hnh ch nht )
-Cube/ Length/ < other corner> : ta nh i din
Cube : khi vung
Length : chiu di chiu rng hnh ch nht
-Height : chiu cao hnh hp
2.Wedge : hnh nm
Command : Wedge enter
-Center/ < corner of box><0,0,0> ta 1 nh hnh ch nht
( center : tm hnh ch nht )
-Cube/ Length/ < other corner> : ta nh i din
Cube : 2 mt l hnh vung
Length : chiu di chiu rng hnh ch nht
-Height : chiu cao hnh nm
3.Cone : hnh nn
Command : cone enter
-Elliptical/ < center point> : tm ca y trn
Elliptical : y l hnh ellipse
-Diameter/< Radius> bn knh y trn
-Apex/< height> : chiu cao
Apex : ta nh hnh nn
4.Cylinder : hnh tr
Command : cylinder enter
-Elliptical/ < center point> : tm ca y trn
Elliptical : y l hnh ellipse
-Diameter/< Radius> bn knh y trn
-Center of other end/< height> : chiu cao
Center of other end : ta tm y trn trn
5.Sphere : hnh cu
Command : sphere enter
- Center of sphere <0,0,0>: tm
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-Diameter/<Radius> : bn knh
6.Torus : hnh vng xuyn
Command : torus enter
- Center of sphere <0,0,0>: tm
-Diameter/<Radius>of torus : bn knh chnh ( c th m)
-Diameter/<Radius>of tube : bn knh ng ( nu bn knh chnh m th bn knh
ng phi ln hn bn knh chnh - hnh bu dc)
B.To vt th c t hnh 2 chiu :
Yu cu: hnh 2 chiu phi l a tuyn khp kn, cc cnh ca a ruyn khng c
t ct nhau
Nu khng phi l a tuyn khp kn th dng lnh pedit chuyn i
Command : pe enter
Select polyline: chn 1 i tng
Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo/eXit <X>: j enter
Select objects : chn i tng tip theo.Phi chut kt thc lnh
1.Lnh extrude :to b mt cho hnh 2 chiu
Draw/Solids/Extrude
Command :ext enter
Select objects:chn mt 2D
Path/<Height of Extrusion>: chiu cao
Extrusion taper angle <0>: gc tp ( dng th tp, m th loe)
Path : chay theo ng dn
Select path : chn ng dn
2.Lnh revolve : hnh trn xoay
Draw/Solids/Extrude
Command :rev enter
Select objects:chn mt 2D
Axis of revolution - Object/X/Y/<Start point of axis>: chn im th nht trn trc
xoay
<End point of axis>: chn im th hai trn trc xoay
Angle of revolution <full circle>:gc m ( xc nh bi chiu qui nh bi 2 im
trc xoay)
C.iu khin s th hin vt th c :
1.Bin h thng isolines : thay i s ng th hin b mt cong khi khng b che
khut
Command : isolines enter
New value for isolines :
2.Bin h thng Facetres : thay i s mt tam gic th hin mt cong khi che nt khut
Command : Facetres enter
New value for Facetres :
3.Bin h thng dispsilh :khi bin ny =1 th nhng tam gic c loi b khi che nt
khut
Command : dispsilh enter
New value for dispsilh<0> :1
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