103 6

...........................1

.....................................2

.....................................4

.....................................5

.....................................6


(Anatoly Lunacharsky, 1875-1933)
( , 1917-1929)
(Alexander Bogdanov, 1873-1928)1(
- )()2
1933

(Maxim Gorky, 1868-1936)

(Voluntaristic)3

(Apollonian)
(Dionysian)(Revaluation of all values)(the Superman)
(The will to power)
(God-building)4
1

1906
(Empiriomonism)
1909 1924
2
1909
(Capri, 1909)(Bologn, 1910)

(Schopenhauer, 1788-1860)
4
(Feuerbach, 1804-1872)(Religion of humanity)
(The Essence of Christianity)


1907

5
( )
( )(1921/)()(1919/)

( )(1982/)

()

-
(Rosenthal)(New Myth ,New World:
From Nietzsche to Stalinism)(2010/ United States)
(Nietzsche and Soviet culture : ally and adversary)(2010/ United States)
(cult of reason)

5
Nina Tumarkin(1981). Religion, Bolshevism, and the Origins of the Lenin Cult. Russian Review 40. pp.3546.
6
Dimitry V. (1987) , A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer vol 1, St Martin's
Press, New York, p.20

(Nietzsche in Russia)(1986/ United States)(Frederick)

(Demythologizing Marxism)(1970/ United States)
-( . .)
( : )
(Sheila Fitzpatrick)
(The Commissariat of Enlightenment Soviet
Organization of Education and the Arts under Lunacharsky)(1970/ UK)

(. .
) 2002 (
: )(2002/ )

(Machism)7(Avenarius)8

()

(.. )(
)(1979/ )
( )
( )(1976/ )
7

(Ernst Mach, 1838-1916)

( )
8
(Richard Avenarius, 1843-1896)
(Friedrich Carstanjen)
(Richard Avenarius and his General Theory of Knowledge, Empiriocriticism(1897), New Series
Vol. 6 No. 24, pp. 449-475)

(..)
( ,
"" )(1910)(. )
( )(1902)
()

(
)(1971 /)( .. )
( , )(1985/
)

()

( )(1925/ )

(
)(1972/ )(
)(1985/ )
(. . . . . , ,
)(1971/ )
( )(1936)

(Document

Analysis)

(Historical Research)

()
&&(2006)

(1978)
()
Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal(2010). New Myth ,New World: From Nietzsche to
Stalinism. United States: Penn State University Press.
Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal(2010). Nietzsche and Soviet Culture: Ally and
Adversary. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal(1986). Nietzsche in Russia. United States:Princeton
University Press.
F.J. Adelmann(1970). Demythologizing Marxism: A Series of Studies on
Marxism(1st ed.). United States:Springer
Sheila Fitzpatrick(2002). The Commissariat of Enlightenment: Soviet
Organization of Education and the Arts under Lunacharsky. UK: Cambridge
University Press.
()
. . (1925). . : .
. . (1923). 2- .
: .
. . , &. . (1982). . . .
: .

. . , &. . (1971). . .
( ). :
. . (1967). . . 8 .
: .
. . , & . . , & . . , & . . ,
& . . (1985). . . ,
. .
. . , &X. . , & . . , &. . , &. .
(1972). . . . : .
. . , &. . (1985). . .
. : .
. . , &. . , &. . , &. . ,
&. . , &. . , &P. M. , &. . ,
&. . , &. . , &. . (1971). . .
. . . , , . : .
. . , &. . (2002). :
. : .
. . (1976). . : ,
. . (1931). .
1.
. . (1910). ,
"" . 10.
. . (1902). .
, . 64, .889905.
. . (..). : . 103
6 11 http://nietzsche.ru/around/russia/zykonsky/
7