Basic Electronic Course

.
Centrifugal
Force
Electron

Electrostatic
Force

+
Nucleus

Electron
Orbit


Conductors have 1 3 valence electrons

: 3-1

Insulators have 5 8 valence electrons

: 8-5

Semiconductors have 4 valence electrons

: 4
4

 Electrical current

()A
Electron Flow
Copper Conductor

Hole Flow

 Voltage

()V

 Resistance

Ohm ( )

Gold

Copper

1. Atomic structure

2. Length

3. Diameter

COLD

HOT

4. Temperature

 Power & Energy

WATT
.
P=V * I

) )watt-hours ) )(kwh kilo watt-hours
A 20 5 :

P = 20 x220
w 4400 P= 4.4 kw
E = 4.4 kw X 5 hours
E=22 kwh
KWH-: 50
= 22x .05 = 1.10
9


)DC(Direct Current

)AC(Alternation Current

Comparison

10

 Ohms Law

,


.
= X
V=I X R

Unit

Sym

Parameter

]AMPERE [A

CURRENT

]VOLT [V

VOLTAGE

]OHM [

RESISTANCE

11

 Ohms Law

12

 measurements equipment

, AVO
meter

, , .
,
,
,
, .
,
.

13

 measurements equipment

()
()

:
R

14

15


Parallel: 1/Rt= 1/R1+1/R2++ 1/Rn
Series: Rt= R1+R2+.+Rn
Where n is the number of resistors

16

17

( ) ()W

Resistors

Material
used

Function

Fixed

Variable

Others

Metal
glassed

Metal

Carbon

18

Carbon composition Resistor

Carbon Film Resistor

19

Metal film resistor

Wire wound Resistor

20

21


:
:
1R3J 1.3
1K3K1.3K
4M5M4.5M
J=5%
K=10%
M=20%

5%
10%
20%

:
:
:
:
472 4700 ohm :

22


62

339

390 K

23


: ,
:
Negative Temperature coefficient :NTC
,
Positive Temperature coefficient :PTC
,
Light dependent resistor :LDR

Voltage dependent resistor :VDR

24

 Capacitors

( )F
.

25

 Capacitors

T: time constant T=RC

26

Capacitors

Capacitors

Polarity

Construction

Polar

27

Variability

Non- Polar

Variable

Fixed

 Capacitors

28

 Capacitors

:

,
0.047

0.047F

10p

10pF

330n

330nF

47F

47F

33

33pF

10

10pF

471

470pF

p,n, ,

29

 Capacitors

o .

o ()
o

30

 Inductors

, L
))H

31

 Inductors

o ()

32

Relays

Normally
open
contacts

Relay
coil
33

Normally
closed
contacts

Common

30 is
connected
to 87A
until the
relay coil
is energized
Relay operation

 Transformers

,
Vp/Vs = np/ns :

34

Semiconductors

.


,

35

Semiconductors

,
N Type
P Type

Arsenic atom

P



36

Diode

.

Depletion Zone

()

)Cathode (-

)Anode (+

()
N

37

Diode

: ) (DC
( )N ( )P

.7

: ) (DC
( )P ( )N

38

Diode

39

Diode

40

Diode

41

Diode

Free wheeling diode

42

Diode

Free wheeling diode

_+

_
+

Diode

:
1000-500 5-1.5 .

: ,

: ,

44

Diode

) , Light Emitting Diode (Led

,

45

Diode

46

Transistor

BJT
, NPN & PNP : BJT NPN
: ,E B C

47

Transistor -

48

Transistor

49

Transistor

50

Transistor

51

Transistor

52

 Transistor

53

 Transistor
-

54

 Transistor

55


SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier

Anode (A)

Gate (G)

p
n
p
n

Cathode (K)
Basic
Construction

56

A
Q1
G
G
K
Schematic
Symbol

Q2

Equivalent
Circuit

57

58

59

60

Thank you

61